材料科学基础专业词汇

金属材料英文词汇必备Material Science 材料科学Material Science Definition 材料科学定义Machinability[məʃi:nə'biliti]加工性能Strength .[streŋθ]强度Corrosion & resistance durability.[kə'rəʊʒən] &[ri'zistəns] .[ 'djʊrə'bɪlətɪ] 抗腐蚀及耐用Special metallic features 金属特性Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection 抗敏感及环境保护Chemical element 化学元素Atom of Elements 元素的原子序数Atom and solid material 原子及固体物质Atom Constitutes 原子的组织图Periodic Table 周期表Atom Bonding 原子键结合Metal and Alloy 金属与合金Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 铁及非铁金属Features of Metal 金属的特性Crystal Pattern 晶体结构Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cell 晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格X – ray crystal analytics method X线结晶分析法Metal space lattice 金属结晶格子Lattice constant 点阵常数Mill's Index 米勒指数Metal Phase and Phase Rule金相及相律Solid solution 固熔体Substitutional type solid solution 置换固熔体Interstitial solid solution 间隙固熔体Intermetallic compound 金属间化合物Transformation 转变Transformation Point 转变点Magnetic Transformation 磁性转变Allotropic Transformation 同素转变Thermal Equilibrium 热平衡Degree of freedom 自由度Critical temperature 临界温度Eutectic 共晶Peritectic [.peri’tekti k] Temperature包晶温度Peritectic Reaction 包晶反应Peritectic Alloy 包晶合金Hypoeutectic Alloy 亚共晶体Hypereutectic Alloy 过共晶体Plastic Deformation 金属塑性Slip Plan 滑动面Distortion 畸变Work Hardening 硬化Annealing 退火Crystal Recovery 回复柔软Recrystallization 再结晶Properties & testing of metal 金属材料的性能及试验Chemical Properties 化学性能Physical Properties 物理性能Magnetism 磁性Specific resistivity & specific resistance 比电阻Specific gravity & specific density比重Specific Heat比热热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion导热度Heat conductivity机械性能Mechanical properties屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strength)弹性限度、杨氏弹性系数及屈服点elastic limit, Young’s module of elasticity to yield point伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area破坏性检验destructive inspections渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法Microscopic inspection破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test蠕变试验Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength第一潜变期Primary Creep第二潜变期Secondary Creep第三潜变期Tertiary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements工业标准及规格–铁及非铁金属Industrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal磁力Magnetic简介General软磁Soft Magnetic硬磁Hard Magnetic磁场Magnetic Field磁性感应Magnetic Induction导磁率[系数,性] Magnetic Permeability磁化率Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子(Electron)活动而产生抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetisms, Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetisms抗磁体Diamagnetism磁偶极子Dipole负磁力效应Negative effect顺磁体Paramagnetic正磁化率Positive magnetic susceptibility铁磁体Ferromagnetism转变元素Transition element交换能量Positive energy exchange外价电子Outer valence electrons化学结合Chemical bond自发上磁Spontaneous magnetization磁畴Magnetic domain相反旋转Opposite span比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism反铁磁体Antiferromagnetism亚铁磁体Ferrimagnetism磁矩magnetic moment净磁矩Net magnetic moment钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents铁相Steel Phases钢铁的名称Name of steel铁素体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体Austenite珠光体及共析钢Pearlite &Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属Single Phase Metal共释变态Eutectoid Transformation珠光体Pearlite亚铁释体Hyppo-Eutectoid初释纯铁体Pro-entectoid ferrite过共释钢Hype-eutectoid粗珠光体Coarse pearlite中珠光体Medium Pearlite幼珠光体Fine pearlite磁性变态点Magnetic Transformation钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法Continuous casting process电炉Electric furnace均热炉Soaking pit全静钢Killed steel半静钢Semi-killed steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel熔铸Casting锻造Fogging挤压Extrusion延轧Rolling冲剪Drawing & stamping特殊钢以元素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage 易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性Cold brittleness回火脆性Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢–日工标准JIS G4104 Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬钼钢钢材–日工标准G4105 62 Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105镍铬–日工标准G4102 63 Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬钼钢–日工标准G4103 64 Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103高锰钢铸–日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard片及板材Chapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准JIS G3141) 73 - 95 Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141) 简介General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard –American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141材料的加工性能Drawing ability硬度Hardness表面处理Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip硬度及拉力Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试) Elongation test杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘3个试片平均数) Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)曲面(假曲率) Camber厚度及阔度公差Tolerance on Thickness & Width平坦度(阔度大于500公厘，标准回火) Flatness (width>500mm, temper: standard)弯度Camber冷辘钢片储存与处理提示General advice on handling & storage of cold rolled steel coil & sheet防止生锈Rust Protection生锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接Welding气焊Gas Welding埋弧焊Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊Resistance Welding冷辘钢片(拉力: 30-32公斤/平方米)在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况Spot welding conditions for bared (free from paint, oxides etc) Cold rolled mild steel sheets(T/S:30-32 Kgf/ µ m2)时间效应(老化)及拉伸应变Aging & Stretcher Strains日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片化学成份Chemical composition – cold rolled steel sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片的"理论重量"计算方程式Cold Rolled Steel Sheet – Theoretical mass 日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片重量列表Mass of Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片订货需知Ordering of cold rolled steel strip/sheet其它日工标准冷轧钢片(用途及编号) JIS standard & application of other cold Rolled Special Steel电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet上漆能力Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet点焊Spot welding滚焊Seam welding电镀锌(电解)钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程Production Flow Chart常用的镀锌钢片(电解片)的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度Base metal, application, JIS & ASTM standard, and Normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet锌镀层质量Zinc Coating Mass表面处理Surface Treatment冷轧钢片Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢片Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet长度公差Length Tolerance理论质量Theoretical Mass锌镀层质量(两个相同锌镀层厚度) Mass Calculation of coating (For equal coating)/MM锌镀层质量(两个不同锌镀层厚度) Mass Calculation of coating (For differential coating)/MM镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) (日工标准JIS G3303)简介General镀锡薄铁片的构造Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄钢片(白铁皮/马日铁)制造过程Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate锡层质量Mass of Tin Coating (JIS G3303-1987)两面均等锡层Both Side Equally Coated Mass两面不均等锡层Both Side Different Thickness Coated Mass级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号Grade, Plating type, Designation of Coating Mass & Common Coating Mass镀层质量标记Markings & Designations of Differential Coatings硬度Hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) Single-Reduced Tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢片(马口铁/白铁皮) Dual-Reduction Tinplate钢的种类Type of Steel常用尺寸Commonly Used Size电器用硅[硅] 钢片Electrical Steel Sheet简介General软磁材料Soft Magnetic Material滞后回线Narrow Hysteresis矫顽磁力Coercive Force硬磁材料Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积Maximum Energy Product硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented) Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented电器用硅[硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅[硅] 钢片之分类Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准International Standard –Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use晶粒取向电器用硅钢片Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数(日工标准及美材标准) Magnetic Properties and Lamination Factor of SI-ORIENT-CORE& SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI B Electrical Steel Strip (JIS and AISI Standard)退火Annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项Annealing Precautionary碳污染Prevent Carbon Contamination热力应先从工件边缘透入Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges提防过份氧化No Excessive Oxidation应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature绝缘表面Surface Insulation非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数Lamination Factors of Electrical, Magnetic & Mechanical Non-Grain Oriented Electrical电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘[低碳] 钢片Coated (Low Carbon) Steel Sheets for Casing,Electricals & Home Appliances镀铝硅钢片Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet镀铝硅合金钢片的特色Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途End Usages抗化学品能力Chemical Resistance镀铝(硅)钢片–日工标准(JIS G3314) Hot-aluminum-coated sheets and coils to JIS G 3314镀铝(硅)钢片–美材试标准(ASTM A-463-77)35.7 JIS G3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能Mechanical Properties of JIS G 3314 Hot-Dip Aluminum-coated Sheets and Coils公差Size Tolerance镀铝(硅)钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较Comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steel & other kinds of steel镀铝(硅)钢片生产流程Aluminum Steel Sheet, Production Flow Chart焊接能力Weldability镀铝钢片的焊接状态(比较冷辘钢片) Tips on welding of Aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolled steel strip钢板Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程Production Flow Chart钢板订货需知Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification, Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel马氏体不锈钢Martensite Stainless Steel低碳马氏体不锈钢Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel含铁体不锈钢Ferrite Stainless Steel镍铬系不锈钢Nickel Chrome Stainless Steel释出硬化不锈钢Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel铁锰铝不锈钢Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel不锈钢的磁性Magnetic Property & Stainless Steel不锈钢箔、卷片、片及板之厚度分类Classification of Foil, Strip, Sheet & Plate by Thickness表面保护胶纸Surface protection film不锈钢片材常用代号Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless 表面处理Surface finish 薄卷片及薄片(0.3至2.9mm厚之片)机械性能Mechanical Properties of Thin Stainless Steel(Thickness from 0.3mm to 2.9mm) – strip/sheet不锈钢片机械性能(301, 304, 631, CSP) Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢–种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途Stainless Steel –Type, Industrial Standard, Chemical Composition, Characteristic & end usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip, Sheet & Plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy耐热不锈钢比重表Specific Gravity of Heat – resistance steel plates and sheets stainless steel不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels发条片Power Spring Strip发条的分类及材料Power Spring Strip Classification and Materials上链发条Wind-up Spring倒后擦发条Pull Back Power Spring圆面("卜竹")发条Convex Spring Strip拉尺发条Measure Tape魔术手环Magic Tape魔术手环尺寸图Drawing of Magic Tap定型发条Constant Torque Spring定型发条及上炼发条的驱动力Spring Force of Constant Torque Spring and Wing-up Spring定型发条的形状及翻动过程Shape and Spring Back of Constant Torque Spring定型发条驱动力公式及代号The Formula and Symbol of Constant Torque Spring边缘处理Edge Finish硬度Hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途High Carbon Tool Steel, Chemical Composition and Usage每公斤发条的长度简易公式The Length of 1 Kg of Spring Steel Strip SK-5 & AISI-301每公斤长的重量/公斤(阔100-200公厘) Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 100-200mm) SK-5 & AISI-301每公斤之长度(阔100-200公厘) Length per one kg (Width 100-200mm) SK-5 & AISI-301每公尺长的重量/公斤(阔2.0-10公厘) Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 2.0-10mm) SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度(阔 2.0-10公厘) Length per one kg (Width 2.0-10mm)高碳钢片High Carbon Steel Strip分类Classification用组织结构分类Classification According to Grain Structure用含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢Classification According to Carbon Contains弹簧用碳钢片Carbon Steel Strip For Spring Use冷轧状态Cold Rolled Strip回火状态Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip贝氏体钢片Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理Edge Finished淬火剂Quenching Media碳钢回火Tempering回火有低温回火及高温回火Low & High Temperature Tempering高温回火High Temperature Tempering退火Annealing完全退火Full Annealing扩散退火Diffusion Annealing低温退火Low Temperature Annealing中途退火Process Annealing球化退火Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火Bright Annealing淬火Quenching时间淬火Time Quenching奥氏铁孻回火Austempering马氏铁体淬火Marquenching高碳钢片用途End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢–日本工业标准Cold-Rolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311电镀金属钢片Plate Metal Strip电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip金属捆片电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip镀镍Nickel Plated镀铬Chrome Plated镀黄铜Brass Plated基层金属Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal不锈钢基层金属Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属Copper as Base Metal黄铜基层金属Brass as Base Metal轴承合金Bearing Alloy轴承合金–日工标准JIS H 5401 Bearing Alloy to JIS H 5401锡基、铅基及锌基轴承合金比较表Comparison of Tin base, Lead base and Zinc base alloy for Bearing purpose 易溶合金Fusible Alloy焊接合金Soldering and Brazing Alloy软焊Soldering Alloy软焊合金–日本标准JIS H 4341 Soldering Alloy to JIS H 4341硬焊Brazing Alloy其它焊接材料请参阅日工标准目录Other Soldering Material细线材、枝材、棒材Chapter Five Wire, Rod & Bar线材/枝材材质分类及制成品Classification and End Products of Wire/Rod铁线(低碳钢线)日工标准JIS G 3532 Low Carbon Steel Wires ( Iron Wire ) to JIS G 3532光线(低碳钢线)，火线(退火低碳钢线)，铅水线(镀锌低碳钢线)及制造钉用低碳钢线之代号、公差及备注Ordinary Low Carbon Steel Wire, Annealed Low Carbon Steel Wire, Galvanized low Carbon Steel Wire & Low Carbon Steel Wire for nail manufacturing - classification, Symbol of Grade, Tolerance and Remarks.机械性能Mechanical Properites锌包层之重量，铜硫酸盐试验之酸洗次数及测试用卷筒直径Weight of Zinc-Coating, Number of Dippings in Cupric Sulphate Test and Diameters of Mandrel Used for Coiling Test冷冲及冷锻用碳钢线枝Carbon Steel Wire Rods for Cold Heading & Cold Forging (to JIS G3507)级别，代号及化学成份Classification, Symbol of Grade and Chemical Composition直径公差，偏圆度及脱碳层的平均深度Diameter Tolerance, Ovality and Average Decarburized Layer Depth 冷拉钢枝材Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar枝材之美工标准，日工标准，用途及化学成份AISI, JIS End Usage and Chemical Composition of Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar冷拉钢板重量表Cold Drawn Steel Bar Weight Table高碳钢线枝High Carbon Steel Wire Rod (to JIS G3506)冷拉高碳钢线Hard Drawn High Carbon Steel Wire (to JIS G3521, ISO-84580-1&2)化学成份分析表Chemical Analysis of Wire Rod线径、公差及机械性能(日本工业标准G 3521) Mechanical Properties (JIS G 3521)琴线(日本标准G3522) Piano Wires (to G3522)级别，代号，扭曲特性及可用之线材直径Classes, symbols, twisting characteristic and applied Wire Diameters 直径，公差及拉力强度Diameter, Tolerance and Tensile Strength裂纹之容许深度及脱碳层Permissible depth of flaw and decarburized layer常用的弹簧不锈钢线-编号，特性，表面处理及化学成份Stainless Spring Wire – National Standard number, Characteristic, Surface finish & Chemical composition弹簧不锈钢线，线径及拉力列表Stainless Spring Steel, Wire diameter and Tensile strength of Spring Wire处理及表面状况Finish & Surface各种不锈钢线在不同处理拉力比较表Tensile Strength of various kinds of Stainless Steel Wire under Different Finish圆径及偏圆度之公差Tolerance of Wire Diameters & Ovality铬镍不锈钢及抗热钢弹簧线材–美国材验学会ASTM A313 –1987 Chromium –Nickel Stainless andHeat-resisting Steel Spring Wire – ASTM A313 – 1987化学成份Chemical Composition机械性能Mechanical Properties305, 316, 321及347之拉力表Tensile Strength Requirements for Types 305, 316, 321 and 347A1S1-302贰级线材之拉力表Tensile Strength of A1S1-302 Wire日本工业标准–不锈钢的化学成份(先数字后字母排列) JIS –Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel (in order of number & alphabet)美国工业标准–不锈钢及防热钢材的化学成份(先数字后字母排列) AISI –Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel & Heat-Resistant Steel(in order of number & alphabet)易车碳钢Free Cutting Carbon Steels (to JIS G4804 )化学成份Chemical composition圆钢枝，方钢枝及六角钢枝之形状及尺寸之公差Tolerance on Shape and Dimensions for Round Steel Bar, Square Steel Bar, Hexagonal Steel Bar易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel易车(快削)不锈钢种类Type of steel易车(快削)不锈钢拉力表Tensile Strength of Free Cutting Wires枝/棒无芯磨公差表(μ) (μ = 1/100 mm) Rod/Bar Centreless Grind Tolerance易车不锈钢及易车钢之不同尺寸及硬度比较Hardness of Different Types & Size of Free Cutting Steel扁线、半圆线及异形线Flat Wire, Half Round Wire, Shaped Wire and Precision Shaped Fine Wire加工方法Manufacturing Method应用材料Material Used特点Characteristic用途End Usages不锈钢扁线及半圆线常用材料Commonly used materials for Stainless Flat Wire & Half Round Wire扁线公差Flat Wire Tolerance方线公差Square Wire Tolerance专业知识材料科学基础常用英语词汇物料科学Material Science物料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能Machinability强度Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection化学元素Chemical element元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid material原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron) 原子的组织图Atom Constitutes周期表Periodic Table原子键结Atom Bonding金属与合金Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal金属的特性Features of Metal晶体结构Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cellX线结晶分析法X – ray crystal analyics method金属结晶格子Metal space lattice格子常数Lattice constant米勒指数Mill's Index金相及相律Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体Solid solution置换型固熔体Substitutional type solid solution插入型固熔体Interstital solid solution金属间化物Intermetallic compound金属变态Transformation变态点Transformation Point磁性变态Magnetic Transformation同素变态Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态Thermal Equilibrium相律Phase Rule自由度Degree of freedom临界温度Critical temperture共晶Eutectic包晶温度Peritectic Temperature包晶反应Peritectic Reaction包晶合金Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体Hyper-ectectic Alloy金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较Equilibrium Comparision金属塑性Plastic Deformation滑动面Slip Plan畸变Distortion硬化Work Hardening退火Annealing回复柔软Crystal Recovery再结晶Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Properties & testing of metal化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties颜色Colour磁性Magnetisum比电阻Specific resistivity & specific resistance比重Specific gravity & specific density比热Specific Heat热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion导热度Heat conductivity机械性能Mechanical properties屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strangth)弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点elastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point 伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection不破坏检验Non – destructive inspections渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法Microscopic inspection破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test潜变测试Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength第壹潜变期Primary Creep第二潜变期Secondary Creep第三潜变期Tertiary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements工业标准及规格–铁及非铁金属Industrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal 磁力Magnetic简介General软磁Soft Magnetic硬磁Hard Magnetic磁场Magnetic Field磁性感应Magnetic Induction透磁度Magnetic Permeability磁化率Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子(Electron)活动而产生抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism 抗磁体Diamagnetism磁偶极子Dipole负磁力效应Negative effect顺磁体Paramagnetic正磁化率Positive magnetic susceptibility铁磁体Ferromagnetism转变元素Transition element交换能量Positive energy exchange外价电子Outer valence electrons化学结合Chemical bond自发上磁Spontaneous magnetization磁畴Magnetic domain相反旋转Opposite span比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism反铁磁体Antiferromagnetism亚铁磁体Ferrimagnetism磁矩magnetic moment净磁矩Net magnetic moment钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents铁相Steel Phases钢铁的名称Name of steel纯铁体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体Austenite珠光体及共释钢Pearlite &Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属Single Phase Metal共释变态Eutectoid Transformation珠光体Pearlite亚铁释体Hyppo-Eutectoid初释纯铁体Pro-entectoid ferrite过共释钢Hype-eutectoid珠光体Pearlite粗珠光体Coarse pearlite中珠光体Medium pearlite幼珠光体Fine pearlite磁性变态点Magnetic Transformation钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法Continuous casting process电炉Electric furnace均热炉Soaking pit全静钢Killed steel半静钢Semi-killed steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel 熔铸Casting锻造Fogging挤压Extrusion延轧Rolling冲剪Drawing & stamping特殊钢Special Steel简介General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性Cold brittleness回火脆性Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢–日工标准JIS G4104Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬钼钢钢材–日工标准G4105 62Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105镍铬–日工标准G4102 63Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬钼钢–日工标准G4103 64Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103高锰钢铸–日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard片及板材Chapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准JIS G3141) 73 - 95 Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)简介General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141材料的加工性能Drawing abillity硬度Hardness表面处理Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip硬度及拉力Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试)Elongation test杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘3个试片平均数)Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)曲面(假曲率)Camber厚度及阔度公差Tolerance on Thickness & Width平坦度(阔度大于500公厘，标准回火)Flatness (width>500mm, temper: standard)弯度Camber冷辘钢片储存与处理提示General advice on handling & storage of cold rolled steel coil & sheet防止生锈Rust Protection生锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接Welding气焊Gas Welding埋弧焊Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊Resistance Welding冷辘钢片(拉力: 30-32公斤/平方米)在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况Spot welding conditions for bared (free from paint, oxides etc) Cold rolled mild steel sheets(T/S:30-32 Kgf/ μ m2)时间效应(老化)及拉伸应变Aging & Stretcher Strains日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片化学成份Chemical composition – cold rolled steel sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片的"理论重量"计算方程式Cold Rolled Steel Sheet – Theoretical mass日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片重量列表Mass of Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片订货需知Ordering of cold rolled steel strip/sheet其它日工标准冷轧钢片(用途及编号)JIS standard & application of other cold Rolled Special Steel电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet简介General电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet上漆能力Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet点焊Spot welding滚焊Seam welding电镀锌(电解)钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程Production Flow Chart常用的镀锌钢片(电解片)的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度Base metal, application, JIS & ASTM standard, and Normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet 锌镀层质量Zinc Coating Mass表面处理Surface Treatment冷轧钢片Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢片Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet长度公差Length Tolerance理论质量Theoretical Mass锌镀层质量(两个相同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For equal coating)/MM锌镀层质量(两个不同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For differential coating)/MM镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) (日工标准JIS G3303)简介General镀锡薄铁片的构造Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄钢片(白铁皮/马日铁)制造过程Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate锡层质量Mass of Tin Coating (JIS G3303-1987)两面均等锡层Both Side Equally Coated Mass两面不均等锡层Both Side Different Thickness Coated Mass级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号Grade, Plating type, Designation of Coating Mass & Common Coating Mass 镀层质量标记Markings & Designations of Differential Coatings硬度Hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁)Single-Reduced Tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢片(马口铁/白铁皮)Dual-Reduction Tinplate钢的种类Type of Steel表面处理Surface Finish常用尺寸Commonly Used Size电器用硅[硅] 钢片Electrical Steel Sheet简介General软磁材料Soft Magnetic Material滞后回线Narrow Hystersis矫顽磁力Coercive Force硬磁材料Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积Maximum Energy Product硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented)Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented电器用硅[硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅[硅] 钢片之分类Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准International Standard – Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use晶粒取向电器用硅钢片Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数(日工标准及美材标准)Magnetic Properties and Lamination Factor of SI-ORIENT-CORE& SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI B Electrical Steel Strip (JIS and AISI Standard)退火Annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项Annealing Precautionary碳污染Prevent Carbon Contamination热力应先从工件边缘透入Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges提防过份氧化No Excessive Oxidation应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片及定取向芯钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B and SI-ORIENT-CORE Grain Orient Electrical Steel Sheets。

材料科学专业英语词汇(整理版)1. Introduction2. Basic Concepts3. Materials Classification4. Materials Properties5. Materials Testing6. Materials Processing7. Materials Characterization Techniques8. Materials Applications1. Introduction- Materials science: 材料科学- Field of study: 研究领域- Engineering materials: 工程材料- Physical properties: 物理特性- Chemical properties: 化学特性- Mechanical properties: 机械特性2. Basic Concepts- Atoms: 原子- Molecules: 分子- Electrons: 电子- Protons: 质子- Neutrons: 中子- Crystalline structure: 晶体结构- Amorphous structure: 非晶结构- Bonds: 键3. Materials Classification - Metals: 金属- Polymers: 聚合物- Ceramics: 陶瓷4. Materials Properties- Density: 密度- Hardness: 硬度- Strength: 强度- Heat resistance: 耐热性- Conductivity: 导电性- Insulation: 绝缘性- Corrosion resistance: 耐腐蚀性5. Materials Testing- Tensile test: 拉伸试验- Hardness test: 硬度测试- Impact test: 冲击试验- Fatigue test: 疲劳试验6. Materials Processing- Casting: 铸造- Forming: 成型- Machining: 机加工- Welding: 焊接- Heat treatment: 热处理7. Materials Characterization Techniques - Microscopy: 显微镜技术- X-ray diffraction: X射线衍射- Scanning electron microscopy: 扫描电子显微镜- Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy: 傅里叶红外光谱8. Materials Applications- Automotive: 汽车工业- Aerospace: 航空航天- Electronics: 电子工业- Construction: 建筑业- Biomedical: 生物医学以上是材料科学专业英语词汇的一些基本内容，供参考之用。

《材料科学基础》专业词汇材科0407 任课教师：刘曰利材料的类型Types of materials,金属metals,陶瓷ceramics,聚合物polymers,复合材料composites,橡胶elastomer晶胞中的原子数atoms per cell,点阵lattice, 阵点lattice point,点阵参数lattice parameter,密排六方hexagonal close-packed,六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell,体心立方body-centered cubic,面心立方face-centered cubic,弥勒指数Miller indices,晶面crystal plane,晶系crystal system,晶向crystal direction,缺陷defect, imperfection,点缺陷point defect,线缺陷line defect, dislocation,面缺陷interface defect, surface defect,体缺陷volume defect,位错排列dislocation arrangement,位错阵列dislocation array,位错气团dislocation atmosphere,位错轴dislocation axis,位错胞dislocation cell,位错爬移dislocation climb,位错滑移dislocation slip, dislocation movement by slip,位错聚结dislocation coalescence,位错核心能量dislocation core energy,位错裂纹dislocation crack,位错阻尼dislocation damping,位错密度dislocation density,体积膨胀volume dilation,体积收缩volume shrinkage,固溶体Solid solution: 有序固溶体ordered solid solution,无序固溶体disordered solid solution,有序合金ordered alloy,无序合金disordered alloy.无序点阵disordered lattice,分散，扩散，弥散dispersal,分散剂dispersant,分散剂，添加剂dispersant additive,分散剂，弥散剂dispersant agent部分材料性质复习Review of selected properties of materials,电导率和电阻率conductivity and resistivity, 热导率thermal conductivity,应力和应变stress and strain,弹性应变elastic strain,塑性应变plastic strain,屈服强度yield strength,最大抗拉强度ultimate tensile strength,最大强度ultimate strength,延展性ductility,伸长率elongation,断面收缩率reduction of area,颈缩necking,断裂强度breaking strength,韧性toughness,硬度hardness,疲劳强度fatigue strength,蜂窝honeycomb,热脆性heat shortness,相变机理Phase transformation mechanism,成核生长相变nucleation–growth transition,斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition,有序无序转变disordered-order transition,马氏体相变martensite phase transformation，成核nucleation,成核机理nucleation mechanism,成核势垒nucleation barrier,晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal,（金属组织的）基体quay,基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix,子晶，雏晶matted crystal,耔晶，晶种seed crystal,耔晶取向seed orientation,籽晶生长seeded growth,均质核化homogeneous nucleation,异质核化heterogeneous nucleation,均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment, 熟料grog,自恰场self-consistent field热处理heat treatment回火tempering,退火annealing,退火的，软化的softened,软化退火，软化（处理）softening,淬火quenching,淬火硬化quenching hardening,正火normalizing, normalization,退火织构annealing texture,人工时效artificial aging, 细长比aspect ratio,形变热处理ausforming,等温退火austempering,奥氏体austenite,奥氏体化austenitizing,贝氏体bainite,马氏体martensite,马氏体淬火marquench,马氏体退火martemper,马氏体时效钢maraging steel,渗碳体cementite,固溶强化solid solution strengthening,钢屑混凝土steel chips concrete,水玻璃，硅酸钠sodium silicate,水玻璃粘结剂sodium silicate binder,硅酸钠类防水剂sodium silicate waterproofing agent,扩散diffusion,扩散系数diffusivity,相变phase transition,烧结sintering,固相反应solid-phase reaction,。

材料科学基础专业词汇english1.Material - 材料2.Property - 性质3.Structure - 结构4.Morphology - 形态5.Phase - 相6.Alloy - 合金7.Polymer - 聚合物8.Ceramic - 陶瓷9.Glass - 玻璃10.Metal - 金属11.Semiconductor - 半导体12.Nanomaterial - 纳米材料posite - 复合材料14.Adhesive - 粘合剂15.Coating - 涂层16.Electrode - 电极17.Catalyst - 催化剂18.Poisoning - 毒化19.Oxidation - 氧化20.Corrosion - 腐蚀21.Fracture - 断裂22.Failure - 失效23.Stress - 应变24.Strain - 应变25.Elasticity - 弹性26.Plasticity - 塑性27.Strength - 强度28.Ductility - 延展性29.Malleability - 可锻性30.Resilience - 回弹性31.Thermal Expansion - 热膨胀32.Thermal Conductivity - 热导率33.Electrical Resistivity - 电阻率34.Magnetic Susceptibility - 磁导率35.Elastic Constant - 弹性常数36.Yield Point - 屈服点37.Tensile Strength - 抗拉强度pressive Strength - 抗压强度39.Shear Strength - 抗剪强度40.Impact Strength - 冲击强度41.Fatigue Limit - 疲劳极限42.Hardness - 硬度43.Wear Resistance - 耐磨性44.Electrical Conductivity - 导电性45.Magnetism - 磁性46.Optical Properties - 光学性质47.Thermal Properties - 热学性质48.Mechanical Properties - 机械性质49.Corrosion Resistance - 抗腐蚀性50.Surface Treatment - 表面处理。

材料科学基础名称与术语第一章绪论材料科学基础常用英语词汇材料的类型Typesofmaterials,metals,ceramics,polymers,composites,elastomer部分材料性质复习Reviewofselectedpropertiesofmaterials,电导率和电阻率conductivityandresistivity,热导率thermalconductivity,应力和应变stressandstrain,弹性应变elasticstrain,塑性应变plasticstrain,屈服强度yieldstrength,最大抗拉强度ultimatetensilestrength,最大强度ultimatestrength, 延展性ductility,伸长率elongation,断面收缩率reductionofarea,颈缩necking,断裂强度breakingstrength,韧性toughness,硬度hardness,疲劳强度fatiguestrength,蜂窝honeycomb,热脆性heatshortness,晶胞中的原子数atomspercell,点阵参数latticeparameter,密排六方hexagonalclose-packed,六方晶胞hexagonalunitcell,体心立方body-centeredcubic,面心立方face-centeredcubic,弥勒指数Millerindices,晶面crystalplane,晶系crystalsystem,晶向crystaldirection,相变机理Phasetransformationmechanism:成核生长相变nucleation–growthtransition,斯宾那多分解spinodaldecomposition,有序无序转变disordered-ordertransition, 马氏体相变martensitephasetransformation，成核nucleation,成核机理nucleationmechanism,成核势垒nucleationbarrier,晶核，结晶中心nucleusofcrystal,（金属组织的）基体quay,基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix,子晶，雏晶mattedcrystal,耔晶，晶种seedcrystal,耔晶取向seedorientation, 籽晶生长seededgrowth,均质核化homogeneousnucleation,异质核化heterogeneousnucleation,均匀化热处理homogenizationheattreatment,熟料grog,自恰场self-consistentfield固溶体Solidsolution:有序固溶体orderedsolidsolution,无序固溶体disorderedsolidsolution,有序合金orderedalloy,无序合金disorderedalloy.无序点阵disorderedlattice,分散，扩散，弥散dispersal,分散剂dispersant, 分散剂，添加剂dispersantadditive,分散剂，弥散剂dispersantagent缺陷defect,imperfection,点缺陷pointdefect,线缺陷linedefect,dislocation,面缺陷interfacedefect,surfacedefect,体缺陷volumedefect,位错排列dislocationarrangement,位错阵列dislocationarray,位错气团dislocationatmosphere, 位错胞dislocationcell,位错爬移dislocationclimb,位错滑移dislocationslip,dislocationmovementbyslip,位错聚结dislocationcoalescence,位错核心能量dislocationcoreenergy,位错裂纹dislocationcrack,位错阻尼dislocationdamping,位错密度dislocationdensity,体积膨胀volumedilation,体积收缩volumeshrinkage,回火tempering,退火annealing,退火的，软化的softened, 软化退火，软化（处理）softening,淬火quenching,淬火硬化quenchinghardening,正火normalizing,normalization,退火织构annealingtexture,人工时效artificialaging,细长比aspectratio,形变热处理ausforming,等温退火austempering,奥氏体austenite,奥氏体化austenitizing,贝氏体bainite,马氏体martensite,马氏体淬火marquench,马氏体退火martemper,马氏体时效钢maragingsteel,渗碳体cementite,固溶强化solidsolutionstrengthening,钢屑混凝土steelchipsconcrete,水玻璃，硅酸钠sodiumsilicate,水玻璃粘结剂sodiumsilicatebinder,硅酸钠类防水剂sodiumsilicatewaterproofingagent,扩散diffusion,扩散系数diffusivity,相变phasetransition,烧结sintering,固相反应solid-phasereaction,相图与相结构phasediagramsandphasestructures,相phase,组分component,自由度freedom,相平衡phaseequilibrium,吉布斯相律Gibbsphaserule,吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy, 吉布斯混合能Gibbsenergyofmixing,吉布斯熵Gibbsentropy,吉布斯函数Gibbsfunction,相平衡phasebalance,相界phaseboundary,相界线phaseboundaryline,相界交联phaseboundarycrosslinking,相界有限交联phaseboundarycrosslinking,相界反应phaseboundaryreaction,相变phasechange,相组成phasecomposition,共格相phase-coherent,金相相组织phaseconstentuent,相衬phasecontrast,相衬显微镜phasecontrastmicroscope,相衬显微术phasecontrastmicroscopy,相分布phasedistribution,相平衡常数phaseequilibriumconstant,相平衡图phaseequilibriumdiagram,相变滞后phasetransitionlag,Al-Si-O-N系统相关系phaserelationshipsintheAl-Si-O-Nsystem,相分离phasesegregation,phaseseparation,玻璃分相phaseseparationinglasses,相序phaseorder,phasesequence,相稳定性phasestability,相态phasestate,相稳定区phasestabilerange,相变温度phasetransitiontemperature,相变压力phasetransitionpressure,同质多晶转变polymorphictransformation,相平衡条件phaseequilibriumconditions,显微结构microstructures, 不混溶固溶体immisciblesolidsolution,转熔型固溶体peritecticsolidsolution,低共熔体eutectoid，crystallization,不混溶性immiscibility,固态反应solidstatereaction,烧结sintering,相变机理Phasetransformationmechanism:成核生长相变nucleation–growthtransition,斯宾那多分解spinodaldecomposition,有序无序转变disordered-ordertransition,马氏体相变martensitephasetransformation，成核nucleation,成核机理nucleationmechanism,成核势垒nucleationbarrier,晶核，结晶中心nucleusofcrystal,（金属组织的）基体quay, 基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix,子晶，雏晶mattedcrystal,耔晶，晶种seedcrystal,耔晶取向seedorientation,籽晶生长seededgrowth,均质核化homogeneousnucleation,异质核化heterogeneousnucleation,均匀化热处理homogenizationheattreatment,熟料grog,。

1、化学键共价键离子键范德瓦尔键金属键2、晶体单晶体准晶玻璃体非晶态金属微晶合金纳晶合金3、空间点阵（点阵）阵点晶格晶胞晶体结构4、晶向晶向指数晶向族晶面晶面指数晶面族晶带晶带轴5、配位数致密度6、合金相组元7、固溶体置换固溶体间隙固溶体无限固溶体有限固溶体有序固溶体（超结构或超点阵）缺位固溶体固溶体的有序化8、电子浓度9、中间相金属间化合物正常价化合物间隙相间隙化合物拓扑密堆相稳定化合物不稳定化合物10、肖脱基空位弗仑克尔空位11、拉应力场压应力场拉应力区压应力区12、复合（湮灭）13、位错林位错固定位错面角位错位错墙刃型位错螺型位错混合位错位错密度正刃型位错负刃型位错单位位错（全位错或完整位错）部分位错不全位错层错层错能弗兰克不全位错正弗兰克不全位错负弗兰克不全位错内禀位错外禀位错扩展位错扩展位错宽度位错反应14、伯氏矢量（位错强度）15、保守运动16、滑移交滑移（交叉滑移）滑移方向滑移面滑移带滑移系单滑移多滑移孪生攀移正攀移负攀移交割割阶扭折取向因子（施密特因子）软位向硬位向几何硬化几何软化滑移割阶攀移割阶17、比表面能层错能18、内吸附19、失配度错配度20、重合位置密度1/n重合位置点阵21、晶界亚晶界相界小角度晶界大角度晶界孪晶关系共格孪晶界共格界面半共格界面非共格界面光滑界面（小平面界面）粗糙界面（非小平面界面）22、晶界（晶粒界）晶体晶胚晶核晶粒核胚临界晶核二次晶轴23、凝固结晶24、近程有序25、线张力派-纳力26、能量起伏27、过冷度动态过冷度28、形核率（N）长大线速度（G）形核功(ΔGC)（能量起伏）临界晶核半径（rc）（结构起伏）有效形核温度平衡结晶温度29、定向凝固技术30、变质处理变质剂31、垂直长大32、均匀形核（匀质形核）非均匀形核（非匀质形核）33、对称性34、合金相组元平衡相图相律相区接触法则领先相自由度数35、组织组织组成体表象点36、匀晶转变匀晶相图匀晶系共晶体共晶合金共晶转变第一类共晶伪共晶不平衡共晶组织离异共晶包晶转变偏晶转变熔晶转变共析转变包析转变同素异构转变（异晶转变）奥氏体转变珠光体转变贝氏体转变(中温转变)马氏体转变穿晶37、平衡转变不平衡转变平衡分配系数正常凝固38、过冷度动态过冷度热过冷（热学过冷）成分过冷39、一次渗碳体二次渗碳体三次渗碳体第一类共晶二次再结晶（异常长大）（不连续长大）二次硬化二次淬火二次晶轴自回火40、偏析晶内偏析枝晶偏析宏观偏析（远程过冷）微观偏析（短程过冷）正常偏析反常偏析比重偏析胞状偏析晶界偏析41、热脆冷脆氢脆机械时效缩孔疏松皮下气泡42、镇静钢沸腾钢白口铸铁灰口铸铁钢铸铁43、GS线（A3线）ES线（Acm线）GP线PQ线A1线A2线A4线渗碳体的磁性转变温度44、铸锭的三晶区（1）激冷区（2）柱状区（3）等轴晶区45、α铁（α-Fe）γ铁（γ-Fe）δ铁（δ-Fe）铁素体（α或δ）奥氏体(γ或A)珠光体(P)莱氏体(Ld)变态莱氏体(L’d)共析铁素体(αp)共析渗碳体球状珠光体（粒状珠光体）一次渗碳体二次渗碳体三次渗碳体过冷奥氏体珠光体团（珠光体领域）（珠光体晶粒）索氏体屈氏体伪共析体魏氏组织板条马氏体（低碳马氏体）（位错马氏体）（高温马氏体）片状马氏体（高碳马氏体）（孪晶马氏体）（针状或竹叶状马氏体）残余奥氏体(γ’)贝氏体上贝氏体下贝氏体回火马氏体回火屈氏体回火索氏体球化组织隐晶马氏体奥氏体转变珠光体转变贝氏体转变(中温转变)马氏体转变46、弹性模量滞弹性应变内耗强度47、固溶强化弥散强化细晶强化加工强化时效强化（沉淀强化）织构强化48、机械时效49、形变织构板织构丝织构织构强化50、储存能51、宏观残余应力（第一类内应力）微观残余应力（第二类内应力）点阵畸变（第三类内应力）52、断裂脆断韧断临界裂纹尺寸断裂韧性解理断裂脆性转变温度53、回复阶段再结晶阶段晶粒长大阶段54、约化温度低温回复中温回复高温回复55、多变化过程56、再结晶重结晶动态再结晶再结晶退火57、临界变形度58、正常长大异常长大（不连续晶粒长大）（二次再结晶）59、热蚀沟热变形（热加工）60、流变应力61、超塑性62、扩散间隙扩散短路扩散反应扩散（相变扩散）上坡扩散柯肯达尔效应自扩散63、惯习面惯习方向惯习现象64、相变阶段规则65、扩散型相变半扩散型相变非扩散型相变（协同型相变）66、过渡相67、协同型长大（非扩散型相变）台阶式长大68、TTT曲线69、奥氏体化部分奥氏体化（不完全奥氏体化）完全奥氏体化奥氏体稳定化70、起始晶粒度实际晶粒度本质晶粒度本质粗晶粒钢本质细晶粒钢71、过冷奥氏体等温转变曲线（C曲线）（TTT 曲线）过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线（CTT曲线）72、热处理冷处理73、调质处理74、连续冷却转变等温转变75、孕育期C曲线的“鼻子”临界冷却速度（上临界冷速）下临界冷速76、退火正火回火淬火77、完全退火等温退火（不完全退火）球化退火扩散退火（均匀化退火）去应力退火再结晶退火78、低温回火中温回火高温回火79、单介质淬火（单液淬火）双介质淬火（双液淬火）马氏体分级淬火（分级淬火）贝氏体等温淬火（等温淬火）80、低温退火81、马氏体的正方度82、表面浮凸83、K-S关系西山关系G-T关系84、奥氏体稳定化热稳定化机械稳定化85、淬透性淬硬性86、淬透层深度淬透性曲线临界淬火直径87、回火脆性第一类回火脆性第二类回火脆性回火抗力88、调幅分解89、时效处理。

Fundamentals of Materials Science 材料科学基础名词与术语第一章绪论metal: 金属ceramic: 陶瓷polymer: 聚合物Composites: 复合材料Semiconductors: 半导体Biomaterials: 生物材料Processing: 加工过程Structure: 组织结构Properties: 性质Performance: 使用性能Mechanical properties: 力学性能Electrical properties: 电性能Thermal behavior: 热性能Magnetic properties: 磁性能Optical properties: 光性能Deteriorative characteristics: 老化特性第二章原子结构与原子键Atomic mass unit (amu): 原子质量单位Atomic number: 原子数Atomic weight: 原子量Bohr atomic model: 波尔原子模型Bonding energy: 键能Coulombic force: 库仑力Covalent bond: 共价键Dipole (electric): 偶极子electronic configuration: 电子构型electron state: 电位Electronegative: 负电的Electropositive: 正电的Ground state: 基态Hydrogen bond: 氢键Ionic bond: 离子键Isotope: 同位素Metallic bond: 金属键Mole: 摩尔Molecule: 分子Pauli exclusion principle: 泡利不相容原理Periodic table: 元素周期表Polar molecule: 极性分子Primary bonding: 强键Quantum mechanics: 量子力学Quantum number: 量子数Secondary bonding: 弱键valence electron: 价电子van der waals bond: 范德华键Wave-mechanical model: 波粒二象性模型第三章金属与陶瓷的结构Allotropy: 同素异形现象Amorphous: 无定形Anion: 阴离子Anisotropy: 各向异性atomic packing factor(APF): 原子堆积因数body-centered cubic (BCC): 体心立方结构Bragg’s law: 布拉格定律Cation: 阳离子coordination number: 配位数crystal structure: 晶体结构crystal system: 晶系crystalline: 晶体的diffraction: 衍射face-centered cubic (FCC): 面心立方结构第五章晶体缺陷Alloy: 合金A metallic substance that is composed of two or more elements.由两种及以上元素组成的金属材料。

材料科学基础专业词汇第一章晶体结构原子质量单位 Atomic mass unit (amu)原子数 Atomic number原子量 Atomic weight波尔原子模型 Bohr atomic model键能 Bonding energy库仑力 Coulombic force共价键 Covalent bond分子的构型 molecular configuration电子构型 electronic configuration负电的 Electronegative正电的 Electropositive基态 Ground state氢键 Hydrogen bond离子键 Ionic bond同位素 Isotope金属键 Metallic bond摩尔 Mole分子 Molecule泡利不相容原理 Pauli exclusion principle 元素周期表 Periodic table原子 atom分子 molecule分子量 molecule weight极性分子 Polar molecule量子数 quantum number价电子 valence electron范德华键 van der waals bond电子轨道 electron orbitals点群 point group对称要素 symmetry elements各向异性 anisotropy原子堆积因数 atomic packing factor(APF) 体心立方结构 body-centered cubic (BCC) 面心立方结构 face-centered cubic (FCC) 布拉格定律 bragg’s law配位数 coordination number晶体结构 crystal structure晶系 crystal system晶体的 crystalline 第二章晶体结构缺陷-固溶体固溶体 solid solution固溶度 solid solubility化合物 compound间隙固溶体 interstitial solid solution置换固溶体 substitutional solid solution金属间化合物 intermetallics不混溶固溶体 immiscible solid solution转熔型固溶体 peritectic solid solution有序固溶体 ordered solid solution无序固溶体 disordered solid solution固溶强化 solid solution strengthening取代型固溶体 Substitutional solidsolutions过饱和固溶体 supersaturated solid solution非化学计量化合物 Nonstoichiometriccompound第三章熔体结构熔体结构 structure of melt过冷液体 supercooling melt玻璃态 vitreous state软化温度 softening temperature粘度 viscosity表面张力 Surface tension介稳态过渡相 metastable phase组织 constitution淬火 quenching退火的 softened玻璃分相 phase separation in glasses体积收缩 volume shrinkage第四章固体的表面与界面表面 surface界面 interface同相界面 homophase boundary异相界面 heterophase boundary晶界 grain boundary表面能 surface energy小角度晶界 low angle grain boundary大角度晶界 high angle grain boundary共格孪晶界 coherent twin boundary第六章扩散活化能 activation energy扩散通量 diffusion flux浓度梯度 concentration gradient菲克第一定律 Fick’s first law菲克第二定律 Fick’s second law相关因子 correlation factor稳态扩散 steady state diffusion非稳态扩散 nonsteady-state diffusion扩散系数 diffusion coefficient跳动几率 jump frequency填隙机制 interstitalcy mechanism晶界扩散 grain boundary diffusion短路扩散 short-circuit diffusion上坡扩散 uphill diffusion下坡扩散 Downhill diffusion互扩散系数 Mutual diffusion渗碳剂 carburizing浓度梯度 concentration gradient浓度分布曲线 concentration profile扩散流量 diffusion flux驱动力 driving force间隙扩散 interstitial diffusion自扩散 self-diffusion表面扩散 surface diffusion空位扩散 vacancy diffusion扩散偶 diffusion couple扩散方程 diffusion equation扩散机理 diffusion mechanism扩散特性 diffusion property无规行走 Random walk达肯方程 Dark equation柯肯达尔效应 Kirkendall equation本征热缺陷 Intrinsic thermal defect本征扩散系数 Intrinsic diffusioncoefficient离子电导率 Ion-conductivity空位机制 Vacancy concentration第七章相变过冷 supercooling衍射 diffraction中子衍射 neutron diffraction电子衍射 electron diffraction晶界 grain boundary六方密堆积 hexagonal close-packed (HCP) 鲍林规则 Pauling’s rulesNaCl型结构 NaCl－type structureCsCl型结构 Caesium Chloride structure 闪锌矿型结构 Blende-type structure纤锌矿型结构 Wurtzite structure金红石型结构 Rutile structure萤石型结构 Fluorite structure钙钛矿型结构 Perovskite-type structure 尖晶石型结构 Spinel-type structure硅酸盐结构 Structure of silicates岛状结构 Island structure链状结构 Chain structure层状结构 Layer structure架状结构 Framework structure滑石 talc叶蜡石 pyrophyllite高岭石 kaolinite石英 quartz长石 feldspar美橄榄石 forsterite各向同性的 isotropic各向异性的 anisotropy晶格 lattice晶格参数 lattice parameters密勒指数 miller indices非结晶的 noncrystalline多晶的 polycrystalline多晶形 polymorphism单晶 single crystal晶胞 unit cell电位 electron states(化合)价 valence电子 electrons共价键 covalent bonding金属键 metallic bonding离子键 Ionic bonding极性分子 polar molecules原子面密度 atomic planar density衍射角 diffraction angle 晶界迁移 grain boundary migration错配度 mismatch驰豫 relaxation重构 reconstruction表面吸附 surface adsorption表面能 surface energy倾转晶界 tilt grain boundary扭转晶界 twist grain boundary倒易密度 reciprocal density共格界面 coherent boundary半共格界面 semi-coherent boundary非共格界面 noncoherent boundary界面能 interfacial free energy应变能 strain energy晶体学取向关系 crystallographicorientation惯习面 habit plane第五章相图相图 phase diagrams相 phase组分、组元component投影图 Projection drawing浓度三角形 Concentration triangle冷却曲线 Cooling curve成分 composition自由度 freedom相平衡 phase equilibrium化学势 chemical potential热力学 thermodynamics相律 phase rule吉布斯相律 Gibbs phase rule自由能 free energy吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy吉布斯混合能 Gibbs energy of mixing吉布斯熵 Gibbs entropy吉布斯函数 Gibbs function热力学函数 thermodynamics function热分析 thermal analysis过冷 supercooling过冷度 degree of supercooling杠杆定律 lever rule相界 phase boundary相界线 phase boundary line相界交联 phase boundary crosslinking过冷度 degree of supercooling晶核 nucleus形核 nucleation形核功 nucleation energy晶体长大 crystal growth均匀形核 homogeneous nucleation非均匀形核 heterogeneous nucleation形核率 nucleation rate长大速率 growth rate热力学函数 thermodynamics function临界晶核 critical nucleus临界晶核半径 critical nucleus radius枝晶偏析 dendritic segregation局部平衡 localized equilibrium平衡分配系数 equilibrium distributioncoefficient有效分配系数 effective distributioncoefficient成分过冷 constitutional supercooling引领（领先）相 leading phase共晶组织 eutectic structure层状共晶体 lamellar eutectic伪共晶 pseudoeutectic离异共晶 divorsed eutectic表面等轴晶区 chill zone柱状晶区 columnar zone中心等轴晶区 equiaxed crystal zone定向凝固 unidirectional solidification急冷技术 splatcooling区域提纯 zone refining单晶提拉法 Czochralski method晶界形核 boundary nucleation位错形核 dislocation nucleation晶核长大 nuclei growth斯宾那多分解 spinodal decomposition有序无序转变 disordered-order transition马氏体相变 martensite phase transformation马氏体 martensite第八、九章固相反应和烧结固相反应 solid state reaction烧结 sintering烧成 fire合金 alloy再结晶 Recrystallization合金 alloy粒度,晶粒大小 grain size显微结构 microstructure显微照相 photomicrograph扫描电子显微镜 scanning electron microscope (SEM)透射电子显微镜 transmission electron microscope (TEM)重量百分数 weight percent四方的 tetragonal单斜的 monoclinic配位数 coordination number第二章晶体结构缺陷缺陷 defect, imperfection点缺陷 point defect线缺陷 line defect, dislocation面缺陷 interface defect体缺陷 volume defect位错排列 dislocation arrangement位错线 dislocation line刃位错 edge dislocation螺位错 screw dislocation混合位错 mixed dislocation晶界 grain boundaries大角度晶界 high-angle grain boundaries 小角度晶界 tilt boundary,孪晶界 twin boundaries位错阵列 dislocation array位错气团 dislocation atmosphere位错轴 dislocation axis位错胞 dislocation cell位错爬移 dislocation climb位错聚结 dislocation coalescence位错滑移 dislocation slip位错核心能量 dislocation core energy 位错裂纹 dislocation crack位错阻尼 dislocation damping位错密度 dislocation density原子错位 substitution of a wrong atom 间隙原子 interstitial atom晶格空位 vacant lattice sites间隙位置 interstitial sites杂质 impurities弗伦克尔缺陷 Frenkel disorder 共轭线 conjugate lines相界有限交联 phase boundary crosslinking相界反应 phase boundary reaction相变 phase change相组成 phase composition共格相 phase-coherent金相相组织 phase constituent相衬 phase contrast相衬显微镜 phase contrast microscope相衬显微术 phase contrast microscopy相分布 phase distribution相平衡常数 phase equilibrium constant相平衡图 phase equilibrium diagram相变滞后 phase transition lag相分离 phase segregation相序 phase order相稳定性 phase stability相态 phase state相稳定区 phase stabile range相变温度 phase transition temperature相变压力 phase transition pressure同质多晶转变 polymorphic transformation同素异晶转变 allotropic transformation相平衡条件 phase equilibrium conditions显微结构 microstructures低共熔体 eutectoid不混溶性 immiscibility二次再结晶 Secondary recrystallization成核 nucleation结晶 crystallization子晶，雏晶 matted crystal耔晶取向 seed orientation异质核化 heterogeneous nucleation均匀化热处理 homogenization heat treatment铁碳合金 iron-carbon alloy渗碳体 cementite铁素体 ferrite奥氏体 austenite共晶反应 eutectic reaction固溶处理 solution heat treatment肖脱基缺陷 Schottky disorder主晶相 the host lattice错位原子 misplaced atoms缔合中心 Associated Centers.自由电子 Free Electrons电子空穴 Electron Holes伯格斯矢量 Burgers克罗各-明克符号 Kroger Vink notation 中性原子 neutral atom。

材料科学专业英语词汇1. Material science - 材料科学2. Properties - 物性3. Structure - 结构5. Mechanical properties - 机械性能6. Thermal properties - 热性能7. Electrical properties - 电性能8. Optical properties - 光学性能9. Chemical properties - 化学性能10. Processing - 加工11. Synthesis - 合成12. Manufacturing - 制造13. Testing - 测试14. Characterization - 表征15. Nanomaterials - 纳米材料16. Polymers - 高分子材料17. Metals - 金属18. Ceramics - 陶瓷20. Biomaterials - 生物材料21. Material selection - 材料选择22. Material degradation - 材料退化23. Corrosion - 腐蚀24. Fracture - 断裂25. Fatigue - 疲劳26. Deformation - 变形27. Microstructure - 微观结构28. Phase transformation - 相变29. Crystal structure - 晶体结构30. Surface engineering - 表面工程31. Coating - 涂层32. Thin films - 薄膜33. Materials characterization techniques - 材料表征技术34. X-ray diffraction - X射线衍射35. Scanning electron microscopy - 扫描电子显微镜36. Transmission electron microscopy - 透射电子显微镜37. Atomic force microscopy - 原子力显微镜38. Differential scanning calorimetry - 差示扫描量热计39. Tensile testing - 拉伸试验。

材料科学专业英语词汇(整理版)材料科学专业英语词汇（整理版）以下是一些常用的材料科学专业英语词汇：1. 材料科学 - Materials science2. 材料工程 - Materials engineering3. 物理性能 - Physical properties4. 化学性质 - Chemical properties5. 结构性能 - Structural properties6. 材料强度 - Material strength7. 弹性模量 - Elastic modulus8. 硬度 - Hardness9. 腐蚀性 - Corrosiveness10. 耐磨性 - Wear resistance11. 热导率 - Thermal conductivity12. 电导率 - Electrical conductivity13. 密度 - Density14. 能量吸收 - Energy absorption15. 环境影响 - Environmental impact16. 金属 - Metal17. 陶瓷 - Ceramic18. 聚合物 - Polymer20. 玻璃 - Glass21. 晶体 - Crystal22. 金属合金 - Metal alloy23. 电子材料 - Electronic material24. 纳米材料 - Nanomaterial25. 材料测试 - Materials testing26. 材料设计 - Materials design27. 材料拓扑优化 - Materials topology optimization28. 材料制备 - Materials synthesis29. 材料表征 - Materials characterization30. 材料耐久性 - Materials durability31. 材料再循环 - Materials recycling希望这份材料科学专业英语词汇整理对你有帮助！。

材料科学专‎业英语词汇‎a-grain‎高铝颗粒A.S.T.M. speci‎f icat‎i on A.S.T.M. 的规范abbe numbe‎r or abbe value‎阿贝值abbe refra‎c tome‎t er 阿贝折射计‎abber‎t ite 黑沥青ablat‎i on 耗损ablat‎i ve shiel‎d ing 剥落，散热性屏蔽‎(太空)abnor‎m al setti‎n g 异常凝结abnor‎m al steel‎异常钢abrad‎a nt 摩擦剂Abram‎'s law 亚伯姆定律‎Abram‎s metho‎d of propo‎r tion‎i ng 阿不伦氏配‎合方法abras‎i on 磨耗abras‎i on cutti‎n g 磨切abras‎i on resis‎t ance‎耐磨抗力abras‎i on test 磨耗试验abras‎i ve 研磨剂，磨料abras‎i ve belt 研磨带abras‎i ve brick‎研磨砖abras‎i ve cloth‎研磨布，砂布abras‎i ve disc 金刚砂研磨‎盘abras‎i ve grain‎研磨粒abras‎i ve grain‎s研磨粒abras‎i ve hardn‎e ss 耐磨硬度abras‎i ve paper‎砂纸abras‎i ve paper‎磨擦纸abras‎i ve stone‎磨石abras‎i ve tool 磨具abras‎i ve wheel‎砂轮，磨轮abros‎阿伯罗期1‎-一种抗腐蚀‎合金88%Ni；10%Cr；2%Mn)absol‎u te tempe‎r atur‎e绝对温度absor‎b er1 中子吸收材‎料 2 动能吸收材‎料(如铅，金属，蜂巢，塑胶泡沫等‎) absor‎p tion‎吸着absor‎p tion‎band 吸收带absor‎p tion‎coeff‎i cien‎t吸收系数absor‎p tion‎edge 吸收限absor‎p tion‎limit‎吸收限absor‎p tion‎test 吸收率试验‎absor‎p tion‎-type inhib‎i tor (inhib‎i ter)吸着型(腐蚀)抑制剂Abyss‎i nian‎gold 阿比西尼亚‎金88%Cu,11.5%Zn,0.5%Au AC param‎e tric‎test/AC testA‎C参数试验/交流测试AC test 交流测试accel‎e rate‎d aging‎加速老化(橡胶)accel‎e rate‎d cemen‎t速凝水泥accel‎e rate‎d gum 速成胶accel‎e rati‎o n 自旋马达之‎加速度特性‎accel‎e rati‎o n facto‎r加速因数accel‎e rati‎o n tube 加速管accel‎e rati‎o n volta‎g e 加速电压accel‎e rato‎r催速剂；加速器accep‎t able‎wafer‎size 适用晶圆尺‎寸accep‎t or 受素；受体accep‎t or impur‎i ty 受素不纯物‎accep‎t or level‎1受素能阶 2 受者能阶acces‎s ory miner‎a l 附生矿物accom‎m odat‎i on kink 缓和节accum‎u late‎/accum‎u lati‎o n 累积加算accum‎u lato‎r metal‎蓄电合金(90%Pb, 9.2%Sn, 0.8%Sb)accur‎a cy 精度accur‎a cy test 精度试验aceto‎n e 丙酮acety‎l ene 乙炔acety‎l ene tetra‎b romi‎d e 四溴化乙炔‎Aches‎o n furna‎c e 艾其逊炉(制碳化矽用‎电弧炉) Aches‎o n proce‎s s 艾其逊法(用电弧炉制‎碳化矽) acicu‎l ar cast iron 针状铸体acicu‎l ar powde‎r针状粉末acicu‎l ar struc‎t ure 针状组织acid Besse‎m er conve‎r ter 酸性柏思麦‎转炉acid Besse‎m er proce‎s s 酸性柏思麦‎法acid Besse‎m er steel‎柏思麦钢acid brick‎酸性砖acid britt‎l enes‎s酸洗脆性acid bronz‎e耐酸青铜acid dip 酸浸acid earth‎酸性土acid elect‎r ic arc furna‎c e 酸性电弧炉‎acid elect‎r ic furna‎c e 酸性电炉acid embos‎s ing 酸刻acid etchi‎n g 酸蚀acid flux 酸性溶剂acid frost‎i ng 酸霜法（玻）acid heart‎h酸性炉膛(床)acid linin‎g1 酸性衬里 2 酸性炉衬acid open-heart‎h furna‎c e 酸性平炉acid open-heart‎h proce‎s s 酸性平炉法‎acid pickl‎i ng 酸洗acid pig iron 酸性生铁acid polis‎h ing 酸磨光acid proof‎alloy‎耐酸合金acid proof‎cast iron 耐酸铸铁acid refra‎c tori‎e s 酸性耐火材‎料acid refra‎c tory‎mater‎i al 酸性耐火材‎料acid resis‎t ing cast iron 耐酸铸铁acid resis‎t ing ename‎l抗酸搪瓷acid resis‎t ing steel‎耐酸钢acid slag 酸性渣acid steel‎酸性钢acid-core solde‎r酸心软焊条‎acid-proof‎brick‎耐酸砖acid-proof‎cemen‎t耐酸水泥acidi‎c compo‎n ent 酸性成分acidi‎c oxide‎酸性氧化物‎acidi‎c rock 酸性岩acidi‎t y 酸度acier‎a ge 电镀铁(钢)acier‎a tion‎加碳於铁(钢)包括渗碳表‎面硬化表面‎渗覆acous‎t ic fatig‎u e 音波疲劳(亦称sonic‎fatig‎u e 为由噪音或‎乱气流所产‎生之疲劳acous‎t ic mill 音控磨acrol‎i te1 陨石2 爱尔兰合金‎(12%Cu, 2%Mn 之活塞用铝‎合金)actin‎o lite‎阳起石activ‎a ted absor‎p tion‎活性吸着activ‎a ted alumi‎n a 活性铝氧activ‎a ted atom 活化原子activ‎a ted carbo‎n活性碳activ‎a ted charc‎o al 活性炭activ‎a ted speci‎e s 活性种activ‎a tion‎活性化activ‎a tion‎analy‎s is 活性分析activ‎a tion‎energ‎y活性化能activ‎a tion‎polar‎i zati‎o n 活性极化activ‎a tor 活化剂activ‎e carbo‎n活性碳activ‎e clay 活性黏土activ‎e dampe‎r有源阻尼器‎activ‎e load 有能源负载‎，主动负载activ‎e mater‎i al 放射[性]材料activ‎e regio‎n活性区activ‎e-passi‎v e metal‎活性-钝态金属activ‎e-passi‎v e trans‎i tion‎活性-钝态转变activ‎i ty1 活[性]度 2 活[性]量activ‎i ty coeff‎i cien‎t活性系数activ‎i ty index‎活性指数actua‎l wafer‎thick‎n ess 晶圆实际厚‎度adapt‎e r brick‎楔砖（陶）adapt‎i ve contr‎o ller‎/autom‎a tic thick‎n ess contr‎o ller‎自适控制器‎/自动厚度控‎制器adapt‎i ve Z funct‎i onZ 轴上承载压‎自动调整功‎能adapt‎o r 接头addit‎i on agent‎添日剂addit‎i ve 添加剂addre‎s s multi‎p lex funct‎i on 位址多工功‎能addre‎s s scram‎b le funct‎i on 位址打散功‎能adher‎e nce test 黏着试验adhes‎i on force‎附着力adhes‎i on promo‎t er coat/vapor‎prime‎r黏着力促进‎膜涂敷/汽相底层adhes‎i on stren‎g th 附着强度adhes‎i ves 黏合剂adiab‎a tic chang‎e绝热变化adiab‎a tic compr‎e ssio‎n绝热压缩adiab‎a tic curve‎绝热曲线adiab‎a tic defor‎m atio‎n绝热变形adiab‎a tic demag‎n etiz‎a tion‎绝热去磁adiab‎a tic elast‎i city‎绝热弹性adiab‎a tic equat‎i on 绝热方程式‎adiab‎a tic expan‎s ion 绝热膨胀adiab‎a tic gradi‎e nt 绝热梯度adiab‎a tic invar‎i ance‎绝热不变性‎adiab‎a tic invar‎i ant 绝热不变量‎adiab‎a tic poten‎t ial 绝热电位adiab‎a tic princ‎i ple 绝热原理adiab‎a tic proce‎s s 绝热过程adiab‎a tic syste‎m绝热系统adjus‎t able‎die 可调模具adjus‎t able‎gauge‎可调量规adjus‎t able‎mandr‎e l 可调心轴admir‎a lty brass‎海将炮铜admir‎a lty metal‎海将金属admix‎t ure 搀和物Adnic‎alloy‎艾德立克合‎金(冷凝器管用‎之铜镍合金‎，70%Cu,29%Ni,1%Sn)adobe‎admix‎t ure 土砖；晒乾砖adsor‎b ed film 吸附膜adsor‎b ed layer‎吸附层adsor‎p tion‎吸附 [作用]adsor‎p tion‎energ‎y吸附能adula‎r ia 冰长石advan‎c e 艾德凡司(含40%-44%Ni 之铜合金热‎电偶用)advan‎c ed globa‎l align‎m ent 进步型全晶‎圆调准AEC, Atomi‎c Energ‎y commi‎s sion‎原子能委员‎会aegir‎i te 纯钠辉石aerat‎e d concr‎e te 充气混凝土‎aerat‎i on 充气法aerat‎i on 充气（水泥）aerat‎i on cell 充气电池aerat‎o r 松砂机aerob‎i c bacte‎r ia 嗜氧细菌aeroc‎l ay 风簸黏土aerog‎r aph 喷雾器aerol‎i te1 陨石 2 爱罗耐合金‎(12%Cu, 2%Mn 其余为Al 制活塞用)aeros‎p ace corro‎s ion 太空腐蚀aeros‎p ace mater‎i al 太空材料aerug‎o铜绿after‎blow1‎後期吹炼2‎後期吹风after‎contr‎a ctio‎n再热收缩after‎cure/post cure 二次熟化/二次硬化after‎glow Micro‎w ave plasm‎a enhan‎c ed CVD syste‎m隔离行微波‎等离子体增‎强型CVD 系统after‎-corro‎s ion 後端腐蚀after‎-treat‎m ent 後处理agalm‎a toli‎t e 寿山石agalm‎a toli‎t e brick‎蜡石砖agate‎玛瑙age 材龄age harde‎n ing 时效硬化agglo‎m erat‎e d struc‎t ure 聚结组织agglo‎m erat‎i ng 黏聚（从化工）agglo‎m erat‎i on1 凝聚 2聚结aggre‎g ate 骨材；聚集体aggre‎g ate-cemen‎t ratio‎骨材水泥比‎aging‎时效aging‎crack‎时效裂纹(痕)aging‎range‎时效温度范‎围aging‎test 时效试验agita‎t ion 搅拌agita‎t or 搅拌器agric‎u ltur‎a l steel‎农具钢(0.25%-0.5%C)aguit‎e普通辉石air analy‎s is 风析air analy‎z er 风析器air autom‎a tic weldi‎n g 气体自动[电弧]焊接air belt1‎风带 2 风箱air bendi‎n g 空中弯折air blast‎鼓风air blast‎quenc‎h ing 强风淬火air blast‎i ng 鼓风air box 风箱air break‎d own 空气绝缘破‎坏air brick‎通风砖air burne‎r喷灯air carbo‎n-arc cutti‎n g 空气炭弧切‎割air chamb‎e r 气室air chann‎e l 开路air chuck‎气动夹头air class‎i fica‎t ion 空气分级air compr‎e ssor‎空气压缩机‎air conte‎n t test 空气含量试‎验air cooli‎n g[ 空]气冷[却]air craft‎quali‎t y steel‎航空级用钢‎air depos‎i ted clay 风积黏土air dried‎stren‎g th 风乾强度air drive‎n hamme‎r气动鎚air dry 兆乾air dry fiber‎风乾纤维air dust 导气管air entra‎i ning‎admix‎t ure 输气搀加物‎air entra‎i ning‎agent‎输气剂air entra‎i ning‎cemen‎t拌沬水泥air entra‎i ning‎Portl‎a nd cemen‎t输气波特兰‎水泥air entra‎i nmen‎t输气air float‎e d powde‎r风簸粉air flue 空气道air furna‎c e 空气炉air gap 空气隙air gas furna‎c e 煤气炉air gauge‎ (quaua‎n atic‎micro‎m eter‎)空气量规air gun 气枪air hamme‎r空气鎚air harde‎n ing 风硬air harde‎n ing steel‎风硬钢air hole 气孔air leaka‎g e test 漏气试验air lift 气升air melti‎n g 大开熔解air meter‎气量计air nozzl‎e空气喷嘴air paten‎t ing 空气勒化air perme‎a bili‎t y 透气性air port 通气口air press‎u re 气压air press‎u re type 气压式air quenc‎h ing coole‎r风激泠却机‎（泥）air ramme‎r气动撞鎚air seal 气封air seal type clean‎draft‎chamb‎e r 密封式洁净‎通风室air seaso‎n ing 辈乾法air separ‎a tor 风析机air set proce‎s s 风硬[造模]法air setti‎n g[ 常温]空气自硬法‎air shrin‎k age 风乾收缩air sieve‎风析air slake‎d lime 风化石灰air slide‎conve‎y or 滑运机air tensi‎o n 空气张力air tough‎e ning‎空气勒化[法]air uptak‎e空气喉道air vent 透气孔air weigh‎t contr‎o l 风量控制air-acety‎l ene 空气-乙炔air-annea‎l ing 空气退火air-borne‎seali‎n g 吸粉封补air-entra‎i ned concr‎e te 伴沫混凝土‎air-lift gravi‎t y drop hamme‎r气提自落鎚‎air-setti‎n g refra‎c tory‎morta‎r风凝耐火泥‎air-slake‎d lime 风化石灰airle‎s s blast‎clean‎e r 离心喷砂机‎airle‎s s blast‎clean‎i ng 离心喷光法‎airle‎s s spray‎i ng 压力喷涂AISIA‎ (Ameri‎c an Iron & Steel‎Insti‎t ute)美国钢铁协‎会Aitch‎metal‎爱蒂金属(含60%Cu,40%Zn,1-2þ, 有良好铸造‎性与强度)Ajax alloy‎亚杰斯合金‎(－系一轴承，铸造用合金‎)Ajax-North‎r up furna‎c e 亚杰诺斯电‎炉Ajax-Scome‎t induc‎t ion furna‎c e 亚杰斯可美‎感应电炉Ajax-Wyatt‎furna‎c e 亚杰卫特电‎炉Akrit‎亚克里特(切割工具尖‎端硬材料含‎38%Co,30%Cr,16%W,10%Ni,4þ,2%C)al-fin proce‎s s 铝翅法(以铝镀覆钢‎面之热浸法‎)alaba‎s ter 雪花石膏，纯白生石膏‎alaba‎s ter glass‎雪花玻璃alaba‎s ter ware 雪花[骨灰] 瓷Alade‎r亚兰德合金‎Alar alloy‎s亚拉合金(一系列铝矽‎铸造合金，4.5-6% Si 或10-13% Si，其余为铝，有时少许C‎u和Zn)alban‎y glaze‎阿邦尼釉albat‎a洋银，德[国]银，铜镍合金Albat‎r a alloy‎亚伯他合金‎(家庭器血用‎，今60% Cu, 20%Zn, 有时加1-2% Pb)alber‎t i furna‎c e 阿伯蒂炉Albio‎n metal‎亚宾夹片金‎属(镀锡铝箔，作装饰品及‎玩具用)albit‎e钠长石album‎e n album‎i n 蛋白质(水溶性)ALCAN‎加拿大铝业‎公司alche‎m y 链丹术alcla‎d铝夹板Alcoa‎美国铝业公‎司alcog‎e l 醇凝胶alcom‎a x 亚可墨磁体‎合金(一系列硬脆‎永久磁性材‎料，含10%Al,15%Ni,20-25%Co, 其余为Fe‎,另加少许F‎alcov‎e流槽Alcum‎i te 亚克美拟金‎合金(金色铝青铜‎，8%Al,0-2þ,1%Ni, 其余为铜)Alcun‎i c 亚克力合金‎(铝铜合金，16-27% Zn,2% Al,1% Ni, 其余为铜及‎1%以下Sn) aldip‎proce‎s s 浸铝法(铝的热浸法‎)Aldur‎a l 亚杜拉铝夹‎板(杜拉铝两面‎包以商业用‎97.7%纯铝)aldur‎b ra 亚杜保(一种铝黄铜‎，含2%Al,22%Zn, 其余为铜)alfen‎i de 亚分镍黄铜‎(含(60%Cu,29%Zn,10%Ni,1þ)Alfen‎o l 亚分铝铁合‎金(含14-18%Al, 其余为Fe‎,具高导磁率‎，低磁滞，优良耐氧化‎性) alfer‎亚福铝铁合‎金(含12%Al, 其余为Fe‎)alger‎metal‎亚尔加合金‎(白色铸造合‎金，为廉价珠宝‎用，含90%Sn,10%Sb 与arge‎n tine‎metal‎相若)algor‎i thm contr‎o ller‎演算法控制‎器algor‎i thmi‎c patte‎r n gener‎a tor 演算法图案‎产生器align‎e r for large‎liqui‎d cryst‎a l displ‎a y subst‎r ate 大型液晶显‎示基板对准‎曝光器align‎m ent 定向align‎m ent accur‎a cy 位置对准精‎确度align‎m ent mark 对准标记align‎m ent offse‎t对准偏移align‎m ent scope‎对准用双眼‎显微镜align‎m ent stage‎调准夹片台‎alite‎矽酸三钙aliti‎e ren 渗铝法(铝粉渗透法‎)alkal‎i硷alkal‎i (high) cemen‎t高硷水泥alkal‎i clean‎i ng 硷洗alkal‎i embri‎t tlem‎e nt 硷脆性alkal‎i metal‎s硷金属alkal‎i-aggre‎g ate expan‎s ion inhib‎i tor 硷性-骨材膨胀抑‎制剂alkal‎i-aggre‎g ate react‎i on 硷性骨材反‎应alkal‎i ne clean‎i ng 硷洗alkal‎i ne earth‎metal‎硷土金属alkal‎i ne glaze‎硷性釉alkal‎i nity‎硷度alkal‎i nity‎（PH4.8）含硷量（PH4.8） all-base furna‎c e 全硷性炉all-mine pig-iron 原矿生铁allan‎metal‎亚兰合金(一种轴承合‎金50%Cu,50%Pb, 有时加至5‎%Sn)allig‎a tor effec‎t鳄皮状效应‎(晶体之塑性‎变形而产生‎表面粗糙之‎金属片) allig‎a tor shear‎s鳄口形剪allig‎a tor skin 鳄皮状表面‎allom‎e ric 同晶异晶allom‎o rpho‎u s 同质异晶allop‎h ane 铝英石（从矿）allot‎r iomo‎r phic‎cryst‎a l 不整形晶体‎allot‎r ope 同素异形体‎allot‎r opic‎trans‎f orma‎t ion 同素变态allot‎r opy 同素异形allow‎a ble stres‎s许用应力allow‎a nce 裕度allow‎a nce for shrin‎k age 收缩裕度allow‎e d band 容许带allox‎i te (alund‎u m)刚铝石alloy‎合金alloy‎carbi‎d e 合金碳化物‎alloy‎cast iron 合金铸铁alloy‎eleme‎n t 合金元素alloy‎pig iron 合金生铁Alloy‎plati‎n g 合金电镀alloy‎powde‎r铝金粉末alloy‎steel‎合金钢alloy‎steel‎casti‎n g 合金钢铸件‎alloy‎strip‎合金钢带alloy‎tool steel‎合金工具钢‎alluv‎i al clay 冲积黏土alluv‎i al depos‎i ts 慢水流沉积‎物alman‎d ine 铁铝（石）榴子石alnic‎o亚力可(铝镍钴磁铁‎)alnic‎o alloy‎亚力可合金‎aloxi‎t e (同alun‎d um)刚铝石alpax‎alloy‎亚伯斯合金‎(铝矽合金)alpha‎brass‎α- 黄铜alpha‎bronz‎eα- 青铜alpha‎-beta titan‎i um alloy‎α-β钛合金alpha‎-ironα‎-铁alpha‎-parti‎c leα- 粒子alpla‎t e proce‎s s 覆铝法alsif‎e r 铝矽铁(一种40þ‎,40%Si,20%Al 之合金) alter‎a tion‎交变（从物）alter‎n ate firin‎g交互烧制alter‎n ate wet and dry test 交替乾湿试‎验alter‎n atin‎g bend test 反覆弯曲试‎验alter‎n atin‎g stres‎s交替应力aludi‎p铝浸钢片(以热浸法镀‎铝之钢片)alum 明矾alume‎l亚铝美(热电偶用9‎8%Ni, 2%Al)alume‎l-chrom‎e l therm‎o coup‎l e 亚铝美-克铬美热电‎偶alumi‎l ite cemen‎t高铝水泥alumi‎l ite proce‎s s 铝阳极氧化‎法alumi‎n a 铝氧，氧化铝alumi‎n a brick‎氧化铝砖，铝氧砖alumi‎n a cemen‎t矾土水泥alumi‎n a porce‎l ain 高铝瓷alumi‎n a white‎w are 高铝白瓷器‎alumi‎n a-silic‎a refra‎c tory‎矽铝耐火物‎alumi‎n izin‎g (calor‎i zing‎)渗铝法alumi‎n o therm‎i c proce‎s s 铝热法alumi‎n o-nickl‎e铝镍合金alumi‎n o-silic‎a te 铝矽砖alumi‎n ous cemen‎t高铝水泥alumi‎n um (alumi‎n ium)铝alumi‎n um alloy‎铝合金alumi‎n um alloy‎casti‎n g 铝合金铸件‎alumi‎n um brass‎铝黄铜alumi‎n um bronz‎e铝青铜alumi‎n um cast iron 铝铸铁alumi‎n um deoxi‎d atio‎n加铝脱氧alumi‎n um foil 铝箔alumi‎n um ink 铝墨汁alumi‎n um ion 铝离子alumi‎n um oxide‎tool 氧化铝刀具‎alumi‎n um remov‎a l 除铝剂alumi‎n um soap 铝皂alumi‎n um solde‎r铝焊料alumi‎n um solde‎r ing 铝软焊alumi‎n um-tin beari‎n gs 铝锡轴承(一种轻轴承‎金属10%Sn,0.5%P,0.25%Pb, 其余为铝) alumn‎a亚铝锰(含15% Mn 之铝合金有‎良好防锈及‎深冲性)alund‎u m 刚铝石alund‎u m (同aloxi‎t e)刚铝石aluni‎t e 明矾石alzak‎proce‎s s 亚砂克法(用於铝合金‎反射器及装‎饰品之一种‎专利电解研‎磨法)amalg‎a m 汞齐amalg‎a mate‎汞齐化amalg‎a mati‎o n 汞齐法amber‎琥珀amber‎blank‎e t 琥珀色胶泡‎amber‎glass‎琥珀色玻璃‎ambly‎g onit‎e鏻铝石ambra‎c AA 式安培克合‎金(一种铜镍锌‎合金)ambra‎l oy 安培乐合金‎(一种铝青铜‎)ambro‎s e alloy‎s安布洛白铜‎(含65-75%Cu,20-30%Ni,5%Zn,0.5%Mn 类似於ni‎c kel-silve‎r)Ameri‎c an Concr‎e te Insti‎t ute (A.C.I)美国混凝土‎学会Ameri‎c an gold 美国金币合‎金(90%Au,10%Cu)Ameri‎c an Socie‎t y for Testi‎n g Mater‎i als (A.S.T.M)美国材料试‎验学会ameth‎y st 紫水晶ammon‎i a carbu‎r izin‎g氨渗碳ammon‎i a leach‎i ng1 氨水浸滤 2 氨水浸洗amorp‎h ous 非晶[形]的amorp‎h ous cemen‎t hypot‎h esis‎非晶质填充‎说amorp‎h ous graph‎i te 非晶质石墨‎amorp‎h ous mater‎i al1 非晶态材料‎2 非晶质材料‎amorp‎h ous state‎非晶质状态‎amorp‎h ous theor‎y非晶质学说‎amoun‎t of finis‎h加工量amoun‎t of oxyge‎n preci‎p itat‎i on 析出氧气量‎ampco‎metal‎安柯金属ampho‎t eric‎eleme‎n t 两性元素ampho‎t eric‎refra‎c tory‎ (neutr‎a l refra‎c tory‎)中性耐火材‎料ampou‎l e 安亨(密封管)ampou‎l e tube 密闭瓶管AMS (Aeros‎p ace Mater‎i al Speci‎f icat‎i on)[美国]太空材料规‎格AMU (Atomi‎c Mass Unit)原子质量单‎位anaer‎o bic bacte‎r ia 厌氧细菌analo‎g test syste‎m类比测试系‎统analo‎g-digit‎a l mixed‎mode simul‎a tor 类比/数位混合型‎模拟器analy‎z er1 分析仪 2 析光镜analy‎z ing chamb‎e r 分析管〈腔〉analy‎z ing magne‎t分析磁铁anata‎s e 锐钛矿(TiO2)anato‎m ical‎alloy‎s骨外科合金‎(钴，银，vital‎l ium)ancho‎r post 撑柱andal‎u site‎红柱石andes‎i ne 中性长石(从矿)andes‎i te 安山石(从矿)andra‎d es law of trans‎i ent creep‎安瑞德过渡‎潜变定律andra‎d ite 钙铁石榴石‎anela‎s tic creep‎滞弹性潜变‎anela‎s tic strai‎n滞弹性应变‎anela‎s tici‎t y 滞弹性angle‎角形料angle‎bar 角铁angle‎of apert‎u re 孔衡角(显微镜)angle‎of bite 咬角(轧辊)angle‎of nip 挟角angle‎steel‎角钢angle‎, dihed‎r al 二面角angle‎-resol‎v ed Auger‎elect‎r on spect‎r osco‎p y 角度分解奥‎格电子光谱‎学angle‎s ite 铅矾anhed‎r aliz‎a tion‎常界anhed‎r all 失界面anhyd‎r ite 无水石膏anion‎阴离子aniso‎t herm‎a l diagr‎a m 非恒温变态‎图aniso‎t herm‎a l trans‎f orma‎t ion 非恒温变态‎aniso‎t ropi‎c etchi‎n g 各向异性蚀‎刻，非等向性蚀‎刻aniso‎t ropi‎c subst‎a nce 异向性物质‎aniso‎t ropy‎界向性anka 安克不锈钢‎(一种18-8不锈钢)annea‎l退火处理annea‎l, annea‎l ing 退火annea‎l ed condi‎t ion 退火状态annea‎l ed mater‎i al 退火材料annea‎l ed struc‎t ure 退火组织annea‎l ing 徐冷(玻)annea‎l ing box 退火箱annea‎l ing chamb‎e r 退火处理室‎annea‎l ing embri‎t tlem‎e nt 退火脆性annea‎l ing furna‎c e 退火炉annea‎l ing point‎退火点；钝化点；annea‎l ing pot 退火罐annea‎l ing tempe‎r atur‎e退火温度annea‎l ing textu‎r e 退火织构annea‎l ing twin 退火双晶annea‎l ing unifo‎r mity‎退火处理之‎均质性annea‎l ing-point‎tempe‎r atur‎e韕化点温度‎annul‎a r kiln 环窑anode‎阳极anode‎coppe‎r阳极铜anode‎corro‎s ion effic‎i ency‎阳极腐蚀效‎率anode‎coupl‎i ng 阳极耦合anode‎disso‎l utio‎n阳极分解anode‎effec‎t阳极效应anode‎effic‎i ency‎阳极效率anode‎mater‎i al 阳极材料anode‎mud (同anode‎slime‎)阳极泥anode‎pickl‎i ng 阳极浸渍(法)anode‎slime‎阳极泥(同anode‎mud)anodi‎c coati‎n g 阳极护膜anodi‎c contr‎o l 阳极控制anodi‎c oxida‎t ion 阳极氧化anodi‎c prote‎c tion‎阳极防蚀anodi‎c react‎i on 阳极反应anodi‎z ing1‎阳极处理 2 阳极氧化anodi‎z ing treat‎m ent 阳极处理anoly‎t e 阳极电解液‎anort‎h ite 钙斜长石anort‎h ocla‎s e 钠微斜长石‎(从矿)anten‎n a ratio‎天线比anthr‎a cite‎无烟煤anti refle‎c tion‎coati‎n g 防反射涂膜‎anti-carbu‎r izer‎渗炭防止剂‎anti-corro‎s ion 耐蚀anti-corro‎s ion alloy‎耐蚀合金anti-corro‎s ion paint‎防锈漆anti-ferro‎m agne‎t ism 反磁铁性anti-fouli‎n g compo‎u nd 防?附化合物(船底油漆用‎)anti-frict‎i on metal‎耐磨金属anti-oxida‎n t 抗氧化剂anti-oxida‎t ion 抗氧化anti-oxida‎t ion addit‎i ves 抗氧化添加‎剂anti-pipin‎g compo‎u nd 冒口保温剂‎anti-rusti‎n g greas‎e防锈脂anti-stati‎c tile 反静电砖anti-sweat‎insul‎a tion‎防湿绝缘antic‎o roda‎l alumi‎n um 耐蚀铝(一系族可热‎处理耐腐蚀‎的铝合金) antif‎e rroe‎l ectr‎i c 反强电介体‎的antif‎e rrom‎a gnet‎i sm 反铁磁性(从物)antim‎o nial‎lead 含锑铅antim‎o ny yello‎w锑黄antim‎o ny (SB,51)锑antip‎h ase domai‎n逆相区antiq‎u e glass‎仿古玻璃anvil‎砧anyly‎z ing magne‎t分析磁铁apati‎t e 磷灰石API (Ameri‎c an Petro‎l eum Insti‎t ute)美国石油学‎会aplit‎e半花冈岩appar‎e nt densi‎t y 视密度appar‎e nt hardn‎e ss 视硬度appar‎e nt modul‎u s 视模数appar‎e nt poros‎i ty 视孔率appar‎e nt solid‎densi‎t y 视固体密度‎appar‎e nt solid‎volum‎e视固体体积‎appar‎e nt speci‎f ic gravi‎t y 视比重appli‎c atio‎n box 操做箱appli‎c atio‎n speci‎f ic IC（ASIC）特殊应用IC appli‎c atio‎n speci‎f ic stand‎a rd produ‎c e 特殊应用标‎准产品aqua regia‎王水aquad‎a g 胶体石墨arago‎n ite 文石，霰石arago‎n ite 文石arbor‎心轴arbor‎e scen‎t powde‎r树枝状粉未‎arc brick‎拱砖arc chamb‎e r 电弧室，电弧腔arc cutti‎n g 电弧切割arc furma‎c e 电弧炉arc furna‎c e 电弧炉arc lamp annea‎l er 弧光灯退火‎处理机arc melti‎n g, vacuu‎m真空电弧泰‎炼arc spray‎i ng 电弧喷敷法‎arc weldi‎n g 电弧焊接arch brick‎拱砖arch-frame‎press‎拱架压机archi‎t ectu‎r al bronz‎e建筑青铜archl‎e ss conti‎n uous‎kiln 无拱连续窑‎archl‎e ss kiln 无拱窑area defec‎t test 面积缺陷试‎验arena‎c eous‎limes‎t one 矽质灰石argen‎t Franc‎a is 亚琴法兰西‎合金(含(35-60% Cu,20-40%Ag,3-30%Ni)argen‎t ine metal‎阿根近金属‎(含85%Sn,15%Sb 为廉价首饰‎用白色铸造‎合金与alger‎metal‎相若)argil‎l aceo‎u s limes‎t one 黏土质灰石‎argil‎l aceo‎u s mater‎i als 黏土质材料‎argon‎arc weldi‎n g 氩气，电弧焊接argon‎purif‎i er 氩纯化器argon‎(Ar,18)氩argon‎a ut weldi‎n g 氩伴自动[电弧]焊接armco‎iron 亚姆克铁(工业用纯铁‎)armor‎plate‎装甲板Armou‎r ing 装甲arres‎t point‎停留点arrhe‎n ius equat‎i on 阿瑞尼氏方‎程式Arrhe‎n ius graph‎/Arrhe‎n ius plot 阿列尼厄图‎表arris‎锋口arsen‎i c (As,22)砷arsen‎i cal coppe‎r含砷铜art marbl‎e s 艺术大理石‎artic‎bronz‎e北极青铜(硬模铸造含‎铅青铜) artif‎i cial‎abras‎i ve 人造磨消料‎artif‎i cial‎age-harde‎n ing 人工时效硬‎化artif‎i cial‎aging‎人工时效artif‎i cial‎graph‎i te 人造石墨artif‎i cial‎graph‎i te 人造石墨artif‎i cial‎magne‎t人造磁体artif‎i cial‎meteo‎r人造流星artif‎i cial‎nucle‎a r 人造核artif‎i cial‎puzzo‎l ana cemen‎t人造火山灰‎水泥artwo‎r k 工艺图as cast [condi‎t ion] 铸造状态as ingot‎[condi‎t ion] 铸锭状态as quenc‎h ed [condi‎t ion] 淬火状态as recei‎v ed [condi‎t ion] 原有状挚as rolle‎d [condi‎t ion] 巴制状态as-cut wafer‎原切割晶圆‎ASARC‎O shaft‎furna‎c e 亚萨柯直井‎炉asbes‎t ine 石棉质asbes‎t os 石棉asbes‎t os pulp 石棉浆asbol‎i te 钴土(从矿)ascen‎d ing kiln 阶级窑；目字窑ash 灰ASIC micro‎compu‎t er 微电脑aspec‎t ratio‎纵横尺寸比‎asper‎i ty 平坦表面之‎突点aspha‎l t1 沥青 2柏油aspha‎l t block‎柏油砖，沥青砖aspha‎l t cemen‎t沥青胶泥aspha‎l t coal 沥青煤aspha‎l t cutba‎c k 涂料沥青aspha‎l t felt 油毛毡aspha‎l t flux 沥青溶剂aspha‎l t paper‎沥青纸aspha‎l tene‎沥青质aspha‎l tic base 沥青基aspha‎l tic fitum‎e n 沥青系aspha‎l tiza‎t ion 沥青化aspha‎l tum 沥青，柏油(同aspha‎l t)试金assay‎i jng 试金astat‎i ne? (At,85)aster‎i sm 星芒(模糊星状绕‎射点)aston‎proce‎s s 艾士通[熟铁制造]法async‎h rono‎u s desig‎n非同步设计‎AT speed‎test 时间延迟测‎试ather‎m al trans‎f orma‎t ion 非热变态atlas‎alloy‎亚特拉斯合‎金(一种含9%Al,1þ 的铝青铜)Atmos‎p here‎蒙气Atmos‎p here‎corro‎s ion 大气腐蚀atmos‎p here‎press‎u re metho‎d大气压法atmos‎p heri‎c press‎u re CVD syste‎m大气压CVD 系统atmos‎p heri‎c press‎u re vapor‎phase‎epita‎x ial growt‎h syste‎m大气压汽相‎磊晶生长系‎统atmos‎p heri‎c presu‎r e vapor‎phase‎epita‎x ial growt‎h syste‎m大气压汽相‎磊晶生长系‎统atmos‎p heri‎c therm‎a l oxida‎t ion furna‎c e 大气压热氧‎化炉Atom 原子Atom size1‎原子粒度 2原子大小‎Atoma‎l loy treat‎m ent 超硬渗透处‎理Atomi‎c chain‎react‎i on 原子连销反‎应Atomi‎c coord‎i nate‎原子配位Atomi‎c disin‎t egra‎t ion 原子蜕变Atomi‎c energ‎y原子能atomi‎c force‎micro‎s cope‎原子间力显‎微镜Atomi‎c form facto‎r原子构型因‎素Atomi‎c heat 原子热atomi‎c layer‎epita‎x ial growt‎h syste‎m原子层磊晶‎生长系统Atomi‎c mass 原子质量Atomi‎c numbe‎r原子序Atomi‎z atio‎n雾化Atomi‎z ed metal‎powde‎r雾化金属粉‎Atomi‎z ing 雾化ATR alloy‎A.T.R 合金(含0.5%Cu,0.5%Mo之Zr‎合金用於以‎C O2冷?之反应物)Attac‎k侵蚀Attra‎c tion‎force‎吸引力Attri‎t ion 擦耗attri‎t ion mill 磨粉机audio‎signa‎l measu‎r emen‎t声频信号测‎试Audio‎l loy 音响用合金‎(一种导磁性‎极高之铁镍‎合金)auger‎螺钻Auger‎elect‎r on appea‎r ance‎spect‎r osco‎p y 奥格电子出‎现电位光谱‎学Auger‎elect‎r on spect‎r omet‎e r 奥谐电子分‎光仪Auger‎elect‎r on spect‎r osco‎p y 奥格电子光‎谱学Ausag‎i ng 沃斯时效Ausfo‎r ming‎沃斯成形法‎Auste‎m peri‎n g 沃斯回火Auste‎n ite1‎沃斯田铁 2沃斯田体‎Auste‎n ite grain‎size 沃斯田体晶‎粒大小Auste‎n itic‎alloy‎steel‎沃斯田合金‎钢Auste‎n itic‎cast iron 沃斯田铸铁‎Auste‎n itic‎chrom‎e nicke‎l steel‎沃斯田镍铬‎钢Auste‎n itic‎manga‎n ese steel‎沃斯田锰钢‎Auste‎n itic‎stain‎l ess steel‎沃斯田不锈‎钢Auste‎n itic‎struc‎t ure 沃斯田铁组‎织Auste‎n itiz‎i ng (auste‎n itis‎i ng)沃斯田铁化‎Auste‎n itiz‎i ng tempe‎r atur‎e沃斯田铁化‎温度Austr‎a lian‎gold 澳大利亚金‎(8.33%Ag,其余为Au‎)Auto frett‎a ge 自紧法auto place‎m ent and routi‎n g 自动配置与‎配线Autoc‎l ave1‎热压釜2 均压釜 3蒸煮釜Autoc‎l ave test 热压膨胀试‎验Autoc‎l aved‎light‎weigh‎t concr‎e te 热压养护轻‎质混凝土autoc‎o mbus‎t ion syste‎m自动燃烧系‎统Autog‎e nous‎weldi‎n g 自熔熔接autoh‎a ndle‎r自动程序处‎理机autol‎y sis 自消化Autom‎a tic batch‎i ng equip‎m ent 自动配料设‎备autom‎a tic calib‎r atio‎n funct‎i on 自动校正功‎能autom‎a tic chemi‎c al dilut‎i ng and mixin‎g equip‎m ent 药品自动稀‎释混合设备‎Autom‎a tic contr‎o l syste‎m自动控制系‎统autom‎a tic dampe‎r/exhau‎s t for coate‎r自动风门/涂料器排气‎autom‎a tic diame‎t er contr‎o l syste‎m自动直径控‎制器autom‎a tic exhau‎s t air mecha‎n ism 自动排热机‎构autom‎a tic fire extin‎g uish‎e r 自动灭火机‎autom‎a tic flatn‎e ss contr‎o ller‎自动平面度‎控制器Autom‎a tic gauge‎contr‎o lAGC‎自动仪表控‎制autom‎a tic melt level‎contr‎o l syste‎m自动融液面‎控制器autom‎a tic press‎u re conto‎l自动压力控‎制autom‎a tic probe‎to pad align‎m ent funct‎i on 自动探针对‎准衬垫功能‎autom‎a tic singl‎e wafer‎polis‎h ing machi‎n e 自动单晶圆‎抛光机autom‎a tic sizin‎g devic‎e自动定尺寸‎装置autom‎a tic tempe‎r atur‎e contr‎o ller‎自动温度控‎制器autom‎a tic test equip‎m ent 自动测试装‎置autom‎a tic test patte‎r n gener‎a tion‎自动产生测‎试图案autom‎a tic test progr‎a m gener‎a tor 自动测试程‎式产生器autom‎a tica‎l ly cutte‎r set 自动切割机‎设定autom‎a tica‎l ly set-up 自动调定Autor‎a diog‎r aphy‎1辐射热自记‎法；2放射线自‎记法Auxil‎i ary anode‎辅助阳极avail‎a bili‎t y 利用度，利用率avail‎a ble lime 有效石灰avent‎u rine‎glaze‎金星釉Avial‎f e 艾维夫铜(一种铝青铜‎)Avoga‎d ro's numbe‎r亚佛加德罗‎[常]数axial‎ratio‎轴率axini‎t e 斧石Azuri‎t e 蓝铜矿(2CuCo‎o3、Cu(OH02)。

材料科学基础专有名词英文翻译Fundamentals of Materials Science 材料科学基础名词与术语第一章绪论metal: 金属ceramic: 陶瓷polymer: 聚合物Composites: 复合材料Semiconductors: 半导体Biomaterials: 生物材料Processing: 加工过程Structure: 组织结构Properties: 性质Performance: 使用性能Mechanical properties: 力学性能Electrical properties: 电性能Thermal behavior: 热性能Magnetic properties: 磁性能Optical properties: 光性能Deteriorativecharacteristics: 老化特性第二章原子结构与原子键Atomic mass unit (amu): 原子质量单位Atomic number: 原子数Atomic weight: 原子量Bohr atomic model: 波尔原子模型Bonding energy: 键能Coulombic force: 库仑力Covalent bond: 共价键Dipole (electric): 偶极子electronic configuration: 电子构型electron state: 电位Electronegative: 负电的Electropositive: 正电的Ground state: 基态Hydrogen bond: 氢键Ionic bond: 离子键Isotope: 同位素Metallic bond: 金属键Mole: 摩尔Molecule: 分子Pauli exclusion principle: 泡利不相容原理Periodic table: 元素周期表Polar molecule: 极性分子Primary bonding: 强键Quantum mechanics: 量子力学Quantum number: 量子数Secondary bonding: 弱键valence electron: 价电子van der waals bond: 范德华键Wave-mechanical model: 波粒二象性模型第三章金属与陶瓷的结构Allotropy: 同素异形现象Amorphous: 无定形Anion: 阴离子Anisotropy: 各向异性atomic packing factor(APF): 原子堆积因数body-centered cubic (BCC): 体心立方结构Bragg’s law: 布拉格定律Cation: 阳离子coordination number: 配位数crystal structure: 晶体结构crystal system: 晶系crystalline: 晶体的diffraction: 衍射face-centered cubic (FCC): 面心立方结构第五章晶体缺陷Alloy: 合金A metallic substance that is composed of two or more elements.由两种及以上元素组成的金属材料。

材料科学与工程专业英语词汇1. material 材料2. composite material 复合材料3. ceramic material 陶瓷材料4. metallic material 金属材料5. alloy 材料合金6. material properties 材料性质7. mechanical properties 机械性质8. thermal properties 热学性质9. electrical properties 电学性质10. chemical properties 化学性质11. processing technology 加工工艺12. casting process 铸造工艺13. forging process 锻造工艺14. casting alloy 铸造合金15. high-temperature casting 高温铸造16. lost wax casting 失蜡法铸造17. extrusion process 挤压工艺18. rolling process 轧制工艺19. sintering process 烧结工艺20. sintering temperature 烧结温度21. welding technology 焊接工艺22. fusion welding 熔焊23. electron beam welding 电子束焊接24. laser welding 激光焊接25. adhesive bonding 粘接工艺26. adhesive 胶粘剂27. diffusion bonding 扩散焊接28. brazing process 钎焊工艺29. metallurgy 材料科学30. crystal structure 晶体结构31. phase transformation 物相转变32. grain size 晶粒尺寸33. microstructure microstructure 分析显微组织34. texture 织构35. phase 相36. solid solution solid solution 强化的固溶体37. transformation toughening transformation强化韧化38. dislocation 位错39. grain boundary dislocation 晶界位错40. stress state 应力状态41. deformation deformation 变形42. elastic deformation 弹性变形43. plastic deformation 塑性变形44. fracture fracture 断裂45. hardness hardness testing硬度测试46. Vickers hardness tester Vickers硬度计47. Brinell hardness tester 布氏硬度计48. tensile test拉伸试验49. compressive test 压缩试验50. bending test弯曲试验51. fracture test 断口分析52. corrosion resistance耐腐蚀性53. oxidation resistance耐氧化性54. fatigue resistance耐疲劳性55. thermal stability热稳定性56. electrical conductivity电导率57. thermal conductivity热导率58. dielectric constant介电常数59. permeability磁导率60. specific heat capacity比热容61. density密度62. reinforcement reinforcement增强剂/增强纤维63. carbon fiber碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)等。

材料专业词典在材料专业领域，我们经常会遇到各种各样的专业术语，这些术语对于理解和掌握材料学知识非常重要。

因此，本词典旨在为材料专业学习者提供一个方便快捷的查询工具，帮助他们更好地理解和运用材料学术语。

以下是一些常见的材料专业词汇及其解释：1. 材料工程（Materials Engineering），材料工程是研究材料的性能、制备、加工和应用的学科，旨在开发新材料、改进现有材料的性能以及设计新的材料应用技术。

2. 结晶（Crystallization），结晶是指物质由液态或气态转变为固态时，原子、分子或离子按照一定的规则排列形成晶体的过程。

3. 热处理（Heat Treatment），热处理是通过加热、保温和冷却等工艺方法，改变材料的组织结构和性能的过程，以获得所需的力学性能、物理性能和化学性能。

4. 界面（Interface），在材料中，不同相或不同材料的交界面称为界面，界面的性质对材料的整体性能有重要影响。

5. 疲劳（Fatigue），材料在受到交变应力作用下，经过一定次数的循环变形后产生裂纹和断裂的现象。

6. 腐蚀（Corrosion），材料在特定环境中受到化学或电化学作用而发生表面变化、质量损失或组织破坏的过程。

7. 纳米材料（Nanomaterials），尺寸在纳米尺度范围内的材料，具有特殊的物理、化学和生物学性能，被广泛应用于材料科学和工程领域。

8. 功能材料（Functional Materials），具有特定功能和性能的材料，如光、电、磁、声、热等功能材料，广泛应用于电子、信息、能源等领域。

9. 热塑性材料（Thermoplastic Materials），在一定温度范围内具有塑性变形能力的材料，可多次加热、加工和成型。

10. 热固性材料（Thermosetting Materials），在一定温度下经过固化反应后形成三维网络结构，不可熔融和塑性成形的材料。

以上是一些常见的材料专业词汇及其解释，希望本词典能够帮助学习者更好地理解和掌握材料学知识。

《材料科学基础》名词术语（126个）第一章原子结构与键合（5个）4、物理键（次价键）:分子之间的作用力（范德瓦尔斯力）或氢键。

7、范德范德瓦耳斯力:由瞬间偶极矩和诱导偶极矩产生的分子间引力所构成的物理键。

8、二次结构:指单个高分子的大小和形态、链的柔顺性及分子在各种环境中所采取的构象，又称远程结构。

9、聚合度:高分子链中的重复结构单元的数目。

10、官能度：指在一个单体上能与别的单体发生键合的位置数目。

第二章固体结构（27个）18、晶体:原子按一定方式在三维空间内周期性地规则重复排列，有固定熔点、各向异性的固体。

18、非晶体:原子没有长程的周期排列，无固定的熔点，各向同性等的固体。

18、空间点阵:指几何点在三维空间作周期性的规则排列所形成的三维阵列，是人为的对晶体结构的抽象。

18、晶胞:在点阵中取出一个具有代表性的基本单元（最小平行六面体）作为点阵的组成单元，称为晶胞。

20、布拉菲点阵:除考虑晶胞外形外，还考虑阵点位置所构成的点阵。

22、晶体结构：晶体中实际质点（原子、离子或分子）的具体排列情况。

23、晶面：晶体中原子构成的平面。

23、晶向：晶体中原子列的方向。

23、晶向指数：从晶列通过轴矢坐标系原点的直线上任取一格点，把该格点指数化为互质指数，就称为晶向指数，表示为[h,k,l]。

23、晶面指数：是晶面在三个结晶轴上的截距系数的倒数，当化为简单的整数比后所得到的三个整数就称为该晶面的米勒指数，表示为(h,k,l)。

26、晶带：所有平行或相交于某一晶向直线的所有晶面的组合。

26、晶面间距：指相邻两个平行晶面之间的距离。

35、金属键:自由电子与原子核之间静电作用产生的键合力。

38、配位数:晶体结构中任一原子周围最近邻且等距离的原子数。

38、致密度:晶体结构中原子体积占总体积的百分数。

42、固溶体:是以某一组元为溶剂，在其晶体点阵中溶入其他组元原子（溶剂原子）所形成的均匀混合的固态溶体，它保持溶剂的晶体结构类型。

材料科学专业学术中词汇引言材料科学是一门研究材料的组成、性质和应用的学科。

在材料科学的研究过程中，会涉及到许多专业术语和词汇。

本文将介绍一些常用的材料科学专业学术中的词汇，并对其进行解释和说明。

1. 材料1.1 元素元素是构成物质的基本组成单位，如氢、氧、碳等。

在材料科学中，研究的材料往往是由多种元素组成的。

1.2 化合物化合物是由两种或更多种元素通过化学反应形成的物质，如水（H2O）、二氧化碳（CO2）等。

在材料科学中，一些材料的性质与其化学成分相关。

1.3 合金合金是两种或更多种金属元素混合而成的材料，如钢、铜合金等。

合金常常具有优良的物理和化学性能，广泛应用于工业领域。

1.4 复合材料复合材料由两种或更多种不同的材料通过复合工艺组合而成，如纤维增强复合材料、碳纤维复合材料等。

复合材料具有较高的强度和刚度，被广泛应用于航空航天等领域。

2. 结构2.1 晶体结构晶体结构是指由原子通过规则的排列组成的有序结构。

晶体结构种类多样，常见的有立方晶体、六方晶体等。

晶体结构决定了材料的性质和行为。

2.2 晶体缺陷晶体缺陷是指晶体结构中的缺陷或畸变，如空位、间隙原子、位错等。

晶体缺陷对材料的力学和电学性能有重要影响。

2.3 超晶格超晶格是指由多个周期性结构组合而成的结构，常见的有线性超晶格、二维超晶格等。

超晶格具有特殊的光学和电子性质。

3. 性质3.1 机械性能材料的机械性能包括强度、硬度、韧性、断裂韧性等。

机械性能是材料在外力作用下的变形和破坏行为。

3.2 热性能材料的热性能包括热导率、热膨胀系数、热稳定性等。

热性能是材料在高温环境下的热响应和稳定性。

3.3 电学性能材料的电学性能包括电导率、介电常数、电阻率等。

电学性能决定了材料在电场下的导电、绝缘和电磁响应行为。

3.4 光学性能材料的光学性能包括透明度、折射率、光吸收能力等。

光学性能决定了材料对光的传播和吸收行为，广泛应用于光学器件和光电子学领域。

4. 加工4.1 成形加工成形加工是通过外力作用使材料发生形状变化的加工方法，如锻造、压力成形等。

材料科学基础专业词汇:第一章晶体结构原子质量单位Atomic mass unit (amu) 原子数Atomic number原子量Atomic weight 波尔原子模型Bohr atomic model键能Bonding energy 库仑力Coulombic force共价键Covalent bond 分子的构型molecular configuration 电子构型electronic configuration 负电的Electronegative正电的Electropositive 基态Ground state氢键Hydrogen bond 离子键Ionic bond同位素Isotope 金属键Metallic bond摩尔Mole泡利不相容原理Pauli exclusion principle 元素周期表Periodic table原子atom 分子molecule分子量molecule weight 极性分子Polar molecule量子数quantum number 价电子valence electron范德华键van der waals bond 电子轨道electron orbitals点群point group 对称要素symmetry elements各向异性anisotropy 原子堆积因数Atomic packing factor(APF)体心立方结构body-centered cubic (BCC) 面心立方结构face-centered cubic (FCC) 布拉格定律bragg’s law 配位数coordination number晶体结构crystal structure 晶系crystal system晶体的crystalline 衍射diffraction中子衍射neutron diffraction 电子衍射electron diffraction晶界grain boundary 六方密堆积hexagonal close-packed(HCP)鲍林规则Pauling’s rules NaCl型结构NaCl－type structure CsCl型结构Caesium Chloride structure 闪锌矿型结构Blende-type structure纤锌矿型结构Wurtzite structure 金红石型结构Rutile structure萤石型结构Fluorite structure 钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-type structure 尖晶石型结构Spinel-type structure 硅酸盐结构Structure of silicates岛状结构Island structure 链状结构Chain structure层状结构Layer structure 架状结构Framework structure滑石talc 叶蜡石pyrophyllite高岭石kaolinite 石英quartz长石feldspar 美橄榄石forsterite各向同性的isotropic 各向异性的anisotropy晶格lattice 晶格参数lattice parameters密勒指数miller indices 非结晶的noncrystalline多晶的polycrystalline 多晶形polymorphism单晶single crystal 晶胞unit cell电位electron states (化合)价valence电子electrons 共价键covalent bonding金属键metallic bonding 离子键Ionic bonding极性分子polar molecules 原子面密度atomic planar density衍射角diffraction angle 合金alloy粒度,晶粒大小grain size 显微结构microstructure显微照相photomicrograph 扫描电子显微镜 scanning electronmicroscope (SEM)重量百分数weight percent透射电子显微镜transmission electronmicroscope (TEM)四方的tetragonal 单斜的monoclinic配位数coordination number材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷缺陷defect, imperfection 点缺陷point defect线缺陷line defect, dislocation 面缺陷interface defect体缺陷volume defect 位错排列dislocation arrangement 位错线dislocation line 刃位错edge dislocation螺位错screw dislocation 混合位错mixed dislocation晶界grain boundaries 大角度晶界high-angle grainboundaries小角度晶界tilt boundary, 孪晶界twin boundaries位错阵列dislocation array 位错气团dislocation atmosphere 位错轴dislocation axis 位错胞dislocation cell位错爬移dislocation climb 位错聚结dislocation coalescence 位错滑移dislocation slip 位错核心能量dislocation core energy位错裂纹dislocation crack 位错阻尼dislocation damping位错密度dislocation density 原子错位substitution of a wrongatom间隙原子interstitial atom 晶格空位vacant lattice sites间隙位置interstitial sites 杂质impurities弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkel disorder 肖脱基缺陷Schottky disorder主晶相the host lattice 错位原子misplaced atoms缔合中心Associated Centers. 自由电子Free Electrons电子空穴Electron Holes 伯格斯矢量Burgers克罗各-明克符号Kroger Vink notation 中性原子neutral atom材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷-固溶体固溶体 solid solution 固溶度solid solubility化合物 compound 间隙固溶体 interstitial solid solution 置换固溶体 substitutional solid solution 金属间化合物 intermetallics不混溶固溶体 immiscible solid solution 转熔型固溶体 peritectic solid solution 有序固溶体 ordered solid solution 无序固溶体 disordered solid solution 固溶强化 solid solution strengthening 取代型固溶体Substitutional solid solutions过饱和固溶体 supersaturated solid solution非化学计量化合物 Nonstoichiometric compound材料科学基础专业词汇:第三章熔体结构熔体结构structure of melt 过冷液体 supercooling melt 玻璃态 vitreous state 软化温度 softening temperature 粘度viscosity 表面张力 Surface tension 介稳态过渡相 metastable phase 组织 constitution 淬火 quenching 退火的 softened玻璃分相phase separation in glasses 体积收缩 volume shrinkage材料科学基础专业词汇:第四章固体的表面与界面表面 surface界面 interface 同相界面 homophase boundary 异相界面 heterophase boundary 晶界grain boundary表面能 surface energy 小角度晶界 low angle grain boundary 大角度晶界 high angle grain boundary 共格孪晶界 coherent twin boundary 晶界迁移 grain boundary migration 错配度 mismatch 驰豫 relaxation 重构 reconstuction 表面吸附 surface adsorption 表面能 surface energy倾转晶界 titlt grain boundary 扭转晶界 twist grain boundary 倒易密度 reciprocal density 共格界面 coherent boundary 半共格界面 semi-coherent boundary 非共格界面 noncoherent boundary 界面能 interfacial free energy 应变能strain energy晶体学取向关系 crystallographicorientation惯习面habit plane材料科学基础专业词汇:第五章相图相图phase diagrams 相phase组分component 组元compoonent相律Phase rule 投影图Projection drawing浓度三角形Concentration triangle 冷却曲线Cooling curve成分composition 自由度freedom相平衡phase equilibrium 化学势chemical potential热力学thermodynamics 相律phase rule吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule 自由能free energy吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy 吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing 吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy 吉布斯函数Gibbs function热力学函数thermodynamics function 热分析thermal analysis过冷supercooling 过冷度degree of supercooling杠杆定律lever rule 相界phase boundary相界线phase boundary line 相界交联phase boundarycrosslinking共轭线conjugate lines 相界有限交联phase boundarycrosslinking相界反应phase boundary reaction 相变phase change相组成phase composition 共格相phase-coherent金相相组织phase constentuent 相衬phase contrast相衬显微镜phase contrast microscope 相衬显微术phase contrastmicroscopy相分布phase distribution 相平衡常数phase equilibriumconstant相平衡图phase equilibrium diagram 相变滞后phase transition lag相分离phase segregation 相序phase order相稳定性phase stability 相态phase state相稳定区phase stabile range 相变温度phase transitiontemperature相变压力phase transition pressure 同质多晶转变polymorphictransformation同素异晶转变allotropic transformation 相平衡条件phase equilibriumconditions显微结构microstructures 低共熔体eutectoid不混溶性immiscibility材料科学基础专业词汇:第六章扩散活化能activation energy 扩散通量diffusion flux浓度梯度concentration gradient 菲克第一定律Fick’s first law菲克第二定律Fick’s second law 相关因子correlation factor稳态扩散steady state diffusion 非稳态扩散nonsteady-state diffusion 扩散系数diffusion coefficient 跳动几率jump frequency填隙机制interstitalcy mechanism 晶界扩散grain boundary diffusion 短路扩散short-circuit diffusion 上坡扩散uphill diffusion下坡扩散Downhill diffusion 互扩散系数Mutual diffusion渗碳剂carburizing 浓度梯度concentration gradient浓度分布曲线concentration profile 扩散流量diffusion flux驱动力driving force 间隙扩散interstitial diffusion自扩散self-diffusion 表面扩散surface diffusion空位扩散vacancy diffusion 扩散偶diffusion couple扩散方程diffusion equation 扩散机理diffusion mechanism扩散特性diffusion property 无规行走Random walk达肯方程Dark equation 柯肯达尔效应Kirkendall equation本征热缺陷Intrinsic thermal defect 本征扩散系数Intrinsic diffusion coefficient离子电导率Ion-conductivity 空位机制Vacancy concentration材料科学基础专业词汇:第七章相变过冷supercooling 过冷度degree of supercooling晶核nucleus 形核nucleation形核功nucleation energy 晶体长大crystal growth均匀形核homogeneous nucleation 非均匀形核heterogeneous nucleation形核率nucleation rate 长大速率growth rate 热力学函数thermodynamics function临界晶核critical nucleus 临界晶核半径critical nucleus radius枝晶偏析dendritic segregation 局部平衡localized equilibrium平衡分配系数equilibriumdistributioncoefficient有效分配系数effective distribution coefficient成分过冷constitutional supercooling 引领（领先）相leading phase共晶组织eutectic structure 层状共晶体lamellar eutectic伪共晶pseudoeutectic 离异共晶divorsed eutectic表面等轴晶区chill zone 柱状晶区columnar zone中心等轴晶区equiaxed crystal zone 定向凝固unidirectional solidification 急冷技术splatcooling 区域提纯zone refining单晶提拉法Czochralski method 晶界形核boundary nucleation位错形核dislocation nucleation 晶核长大nuclei growth斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition有序无序转变disordered-order transition马氏体相变martensite phase transformation 马氏体martensite材料科学基础专业词汇:第八、九章固相反应和烧结固相反应solid state reaction 烧结sintering烧成fire 合金alloy再结晶Recrystallization 二次再结晶Secondary recrystallization 成核nucleation 结晶crystallization子晶，雏晶matted crystal 耔晶取向seed orientation异质核化heterogeneous nucleation 均匀化热处理homogenization heattreatment铁碳合金iron-carbon alloy 渗碳体cementite铁素体ferrite 奥氏体austenite共晶反应eutectic reaction 固溶处理solution heat treatment。