赢在大学领英工程整理汇编--四、六级阅读难句分析
- 格式:docx
- 大小:16.59 KB
- 文档页数:4
赢在大学领英工程整理汇编--四、六级阅读难句分析四、六级阅读难句分析1. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader …conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by …with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets.分析:by短语有两个动名词短语:feeding them the sweetener和injecting them with a drug, 而a drug的定语从句中又包含了"连词while+现在分词"结构。
1)从语义方面看,conditioned意为"使…形成条件反射",conditioned mice to avoid saccharin意为"使老鼠对排斥糖精形成条件反射";2)the sweetener 指saccharin.译文:1975年,罗切斯特大学医学院的心理学家Robert Ader在使老鼠对排斥糖精形成条件反射的试验中,喂食老鼠粮精的同时给它们注射了一种药剂,这种药在破坏老鼠免疫系统的同时还会引起腹痛。
2. Where is industry's and our recognition that protecting mankind's great treasure is the single most important responsibility?分析:主从复合句,that…responsibility是recognition的同位语从句,从句的主语是动名词短词protecting mankind's great treasure. 1)industry 此处指"公司,企业"。
如前文中的industrial denial指"来自企业或公司的拒绝。
2)the single most important 意为"惟一最重要的",single在此表示强调。
译文:企业和我们个人什么时候才能意识到保护人类的资源宝藏是最最重要的责任呢?3. If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.分析:注意本句的表达及ever的强调意义。
If ever there will be time for …, that time is now. 这一句型是个很有用的句型,表达时能经常用得上。
如:If ever there will be time for you to revenge yourself, that time is now. 如果你要复仇,现在正当其时。
译文:如果说有需要环保专业人员站同来担负起领导责任的最佳时机的话,现在可谓是正当其时。
4. The Times newspaper agrees, complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers soared, with close tutorial supervision giving way to "mass production methods more typical of European universities."分析:本句中谓语动词agrees的内容是前句中对扩大招生的怀疑态度,现在分词短语com plaining that … 说明原因,介词短语will…表示结果,说明现在分词短语。
译文:《泰晤士报》对此有同感,它抱怨说,由于学生人数激增,教学质量受影响,因为个别指导不得不让位于"欧洲大陆国这家高校里惯有的大规模生产方式。
"5. Those current changes are logged into a computer that sorts out odors based on their electrical signatures.分析:应注意,based on their electrical signatures不应看作过去分词短语作odors的定语,而应看作形容词短语作状语说明sorts out. 1)current changes, 从上下文看指"电流的变化"。
2)log作名词意为"航海(或飞行)日志",作动词为"把…记入航海(飞行)日志"此处引申为"记录"。
6. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make sense to add dozens of new man-made ones.分析:句中it是形式主语,不定式短语to add dozens of new manmade ones是真实主语。
1)if 此处等于even if,表示让步而非条件。
2)make sense意为"讲得通,有意义"。
此处可理解为"有道理"。
译文:尽管食品中已经含有了天然的致癌物质,但是,再人为地增加一些有毒物质也是很不应该的。
7. By studying mineral grains found in materials ranging from rocks to clay articles, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back …, including ….分析:本句较长,应注意几个现在分词短语的作用。
Ranging from…修饰materials, 而dating back…和including…修饰reversals.1)mineral grains: 矿物颗粒2)clay articles: 陶器,articles此处指"物件"3)此外,应注意reversals和switch是同义替换,都指"polarity reversal".译文:通过研究岩石,陶器等一系列材料中含有的矿物颗粒,先前的研究人员已能够确认早在1.7亿年发生的磁场两极转化现象,以及发生在73万年以前的最新一次两极转化现象。
8. Several theories link polarity flips to external disasters such as meteor impacts.分析:1)link sth. to sth. else 意为:"将某物与另一物联系起来",此处可理解为"将…归因于…"2)flips此处是polarity reversals的同义说法。
3)impact: 物理学上指"撞击,冲击,碰撞",此处不应理解为"影响"9. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments.本保存涉及了认知学方面的重要原理,即:人们能够学习的原因是:人的经历能够带来奖励或惩罚。
换言之,如果人的某一行为得到的是鼓励,他重复这种行为;如果他的某一行为带给他的是惩罚,他会避免这种行为。
为了获得鼓励,避免惩罚,人会努力去做他人认可的事情,从而不断进步。
10. Out of our emotional experiences…comes a social feeling of agreement that…, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our sociallife---from…to…will accept.分析:本句由and连接两个并列分句,第一个分句为保持句子平衡而采用了倒装语序,将介词短语置于句首,主语置于句尾;第二个分句中破折号后的from…to 结构比较大,用于说明动词apply的范围。
此外,第一分句中的that从句是agreement的同位语从句。
赢在大学领英工程整理汇编--四、六级阅读难句分析11. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends.分析:1)从上下文看,the current crisis显然指前句内容,即…has increasingly catered to narrow-minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students.2)此外,contend此处意为"坚持认为,坚决主张"3)derive from:"起源,由来,来源于…",表示因果关系4)legitimate:本义指"合法的",此处可理解为"合理的,正确的"。
译文:报告坚持认为,当前高校面临的危机不是由将知识运用于生产这一指导思想导致的,这一思想是完全正确的。
12. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological utopia little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor.分析:"for all+句词短语"结构表示"尽管"。
译文:然而,尽管人们正在大谈特谈即将到来的令人神往的科技王国,却很少有人意识到这些技术发展对发展中国家意味着什么。
13. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global market, ---with destructive impact on the have ---nots.分析:过去分词短语make possible by information technology修饰主语The electronic economy. With 介词短语说明整个句子,表示结果。