在职申硕(同等学力)英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

在职申硕(同等学力)英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

在职申硕（同等学力）英语真题试卷（题后含答案及解析）

一、阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Passage 1

Scientists are learning more about the effects of stress on our bodies.

Long-term stress may increase the risk of obesity(肥胖), heart disease, and

even asthma, according to new research.

Stressful experiences---such as mental illness in a family, unemployment,

poverty, or abuse---continue to affect our health and well-being far longer

than the actual event. This is becoming a major concern for public health

professionals.

Researchers at the University of California discovered that childhood

stress could permanently affect a person’s DNA. They found that kids who

went through traumatic (创伤性的) experiences at a young age had shorter

telomeres（端粒）than those who hadn’t. Telomeres are the protective tips

at the end of our DNA, and shorter telomeres are linked to a variety of health

problems. The researchers concluded that early childhood trauma has a

lasting impact on our overall health. In another study, scientists in Sweden measured the stress levels of

17,000 adults, and then tracked them for 11 years. The results showed that

the most stressed-out participants had a 45% higher risk of developing heart

disease. The study also revealed that those with stressful jobs were more

likely to take sick leave due to heart problems.

Furthermore, researchers in New Zealand found that children who

suffered ongoing stress before the age of 15 had a higher chance of

developing asthma later in life. This finding suggests that reducing stress in

early childhood could have long-term health benefits.

Overall, these studies emphasize the need for stress reduction strategies

and interventions, particularly in high-risk populations. Whether through

therapy, meditation(冥想), or lifestyle changes, it is essential that we find

healthy ways to manage and cope with stress to protect our long-term health.

1. According to the passage, long-term stress may lead to _______.

A. mental illness

B. shorter telomeres

C. unemployment

D. poverty

答案：B

解析：根据第一段中的“Long-term stress may increase the risk of

obesity(肥胖), heart disease, and even asthma, according to new research.”可知，长期的压力可能会增加肥胖、心脏病甚至哮喘的风险，选项B中的“shorter telomeres”（更短的端粒）对应文章中提到的短端粒与健康问题有关。

2. The University of California's research shows that _______.

A. stressful jobs lead to heart disease

B. children with asthma suffer from mental illness

C. childhood stress affects DNA

D. poverty causes childhood trauma

答案：C

解析：根据第二段中的“Researchers at the University of California

discovered that childhood stress could permanently affect a person’s DNA.

They found that kids who went through traumatic (创伤性的) experiences at

a young age had shorter telomeres（端粒）than those who hadn’t.”可知，加州大学的研究表明，童年时期的压力会对个人的DNA产生永久性影响，孩子在年幼时经历创伤性经历的端粒较短。因此，C项“childhood

stress affects DNA”（童年时期的压力会对DNA产生影响）为正确答案。

3. The study in Sweden found that _______.

A. stressful jobs increase the risk of heart disease

B. heart disease leads to sick leave

C. heart problems cause stress

D. stress can be reduced through meditation 答案：A

解析：根据第四段中的“The results showed that the most stressed-out

participants had a 45% higher risk of developing heart disease.”可知，这项在瑞典进行的研究发现，压力最大的参与者患心脏病的风险增加了45%，因此选项A“stressful jobs increase the risk of heart disease”（工作压力增加患心脏病的风险）为正确答案。

4. The passage suggests that reducing stress in early childhood _______.

A. is essential for overall health

B. may lead to unemployment

C. has no long-term health benefits

D. can be achieved through meditation

答案：A

解析：根据倒数第二段中的“This finding suggests that reducing stress

in early childhood could have long-term health benefits.”可以得出结论，减少儿童早期的压力对整体健康有益，选项A“is essential for overall

health”（对整体健康至关重要）为正确答案。

Passage 2

Organ transplantation is the moving of an organ from one human body to

another. Currently, the most common organ transplantation is kidney

transplantation, followed by the transplantations of liver, heart, and

lung(Figure 1). People may need an organ transplantation because of several reasons, such as organ failure caused by disease or organic damage from

injury.

The history of organ transplantation can be traced back to ancient times

when Arab physicians performed experimental bone transplantation.

However, the first successful organ transplantation happened in the 20th

century. In 1905, the first successful kidney transplantation was performed

by Emmerich Ullmann in Germany. Since then, organ transplantation has

made great progress and become a critical treatment for end-stage organ

failure.

Despite the success of organ transplantation, the demand for organs far