考研英语(二)强化班-翻译(钟平)课件

考研英语二翻译课件Passage 11生词Investment投资Investor投资者Be incapable of doing sth 不能够做某事、无法做某事Currency 货币Slow 下滑---rise增长Weight 高点the Federal Reserve 美联储jointly intervene to do sth 联手干预某事prop up支持the European currency= the euro欧元looking sickly 显得疲软theories 说法the European Central Bank= the ECB欧洲中央银行the euro-area economies欧元区经济are immune to sth对..免疫fighting inflation克服通货膨胀supporting growth支持经济增长plausible explanation合理的解释in and uncertain global economic climate在全球经济不稳定的情况下has resumed its traditional role as a safe-heaven currency重新获得了安全货币的传统角色reckon that认为is undervalued被低估a rebound 反弹optimistic乐观的predicting a rate预测汇率二、长难句解析1. International investors seem incapable of ending their love affair with the dollar.国际投资者们似乎无法舍弃他们对美元的偏爱。

2.America’s economy has slowed sharply this year, yet its currencyhas risen to a 15-year high in trade-weighted terms.本年度，美国的经济已急剧下滑，然而，美元却增长到了15年来的高点。

考研阅读历年真题长难句荟萃1. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.11. If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if notimpossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.12. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.13. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.14. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.15. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.16. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.17. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.18. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.19. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.20. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.21. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.22. Towns like Bournemouth and East bourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that ofdrawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.23. The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.25. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology；the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things technological.26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist".27. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea".28. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.29. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: "This book stands for reason itself." And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.30. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.31. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back.32. In Australia- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.33. There are, of course, exceptions. Small--minded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.34. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.35. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant with drawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.36. "Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?" Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?"37. "The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column', "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be..."38. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.39. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" of "a touch on the brakes" ，makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.40. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since, conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.41. The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.42. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.43. New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering and downsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training,44. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.45. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as "The Flight from Science and Reason" , held in New York City in 1995, and "Science in the Age of (Mis) information, which assembled last June near Buffalo.46. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.47. The 'true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.48. This development--and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years ahead--has enthroned the South as America's most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation's head counting.49. Often they choose--and still are choosing--somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.50. As a result, California's growth rate dropped during the 1970's, to 18.5 percent--little more than two thirds the 1960's growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.51. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.52. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of the plates with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior.53. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.54. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary--the dangers of drug interactions, for example--and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.55. At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight--issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.56. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.57. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.58. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform.59. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently access how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.60. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.61.But,for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.62. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no one had proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.63. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning".64. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.65. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.66. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.67. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team."68. The grand mediocrity of today--everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring--means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribe.69. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.70. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right--it can hardly be classed as Literature.71. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, "Pluff! Pluff!" A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."72. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male- domiated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.73. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents".74. With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households.75. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them.76. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs--the locations, place names and name brands may change, but suchitems do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.77. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.78. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professional and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not share its values.79. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom.80. A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.81. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for a mateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century.82. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.83. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low--level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head--scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.84. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&M wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands.85. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress promoted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family."86. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making thealternative move into "downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.87. While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline-after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ' 80s-and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class down shifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.88. For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the' 80s, down-shifting in the mid' 90s is not so much a search for the mythical good lift-growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one-as a personal recognition of your limitations.89. If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it' 11 be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman' s notorious bad taste in ties.90. There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their handsaone91. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least' a few decisions for themselves-goals that pose a real challenge.92. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.93. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25---0.5% of GDP.94. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand.95. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.96. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficientmediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."97. On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted—suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.98. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end--of--life care.99. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing new.100. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.考研阅读历年真题长难句翻译参考1.美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。

研究生英语第二册课文翻译第一单元如何应对恭维H·艾伦·史密斯尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡，走在大街上会使女性发笑，但我从不留胡子，原因是我不敢冒险，因为哪怕蓄一点点胡子也很危险，它会招来别人的恭维。

例如，如果一位女士走到我跟前，说道：“你的胡子最迷人，”我会无所适从，不知怎样回答才好。

我可能会惊慌得脱口而出：“我也喜欢您的胡子。

”在社会交往中，应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多，这话听起来有点矛盾，却有一定的道理。

闲聊时来句恭维话，往往让我们大多数人不知所措。

例如，有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话，我们就慌得说不出话来，膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。

如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时，我根本无法欣然接受。

我家住在一个小山上，俯瞰山下一片宽广的谷地。

来访者惊叹道：“天哪！你这儿的景色太美了！”整个山谷原本就在那里，不是我造的，也不属于我。

然而我傻乎乎地笑着说：“噢，没什么——无非是过去留下的一片土地而已。

”我在接受这种特定的恭维时，表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯，我们喜欢。

”采用这种答话必须得小心谨慎。

就某样东西说“我们喜欢”，言外之意就是，还有许多其他人都认为它很令人讨厌。

不久前，我和一批人在一起时，其中有位来自澳大利亚的地球物理学家在滔滔不绝地谈论宇宙中的奇观。

“我们生活的这个地球，”他说道，“是个了不起的、生机勃勃的、旋转的行星，是由一些不可思议的奇观组合而成。

”随后便是长时间的停顿。

这时，一位被他的这种极度夸张的恭维话所吸引的妇女，禁不住说道，“嗯，我们喜欢这个地球。

”我认为，对待恭维采取否定和贬低的态度是错误的。

“多漂亮的礼服啊！”你的朋友赞美道。

“噢，这么破的旧衣服！”你回答道。

这种情景，与我上述提出的观点非常相似。

别人赞美你的礼服，你无权为此感到羞愧或恼怒——除非这件礼服恰好是你自己亲手缝制的。

如果你这么说，“我是在麦茜商场的地下室和另一个妇女经过一番争抢才买下来的，”你可能会感觉更好些。

２０１７考研英语(二)翻译强化主讲人:武峰翻译的５４字原则句子直译为主词汇意译为主顺序直译为主倒装意译为辅拆分断句清晰代词指明要点词性转换明确固定搭配熟悉增词减词适当一㊁考察内容:１词汇考研大纲中所有词汇的用法２语法长难句分析３语篇上下文的联系主要考察代词的用法二㊁词汇的基本难点及解决:１词意的曲解ａｌｅａｄｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｎｅｗｓｃｈｏｏｌｃｏｎｔｅｎｄｓ中ꎬｓｃｈｏｏｌ?是 学派 的意思ꎬ而不是 学校 的意思ꎻｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｑｕａｌｉｔｉｅｓｔｏｂｅｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄ中ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ?是 特征 的意思ꎬ而不是 质量 的意思ꎻｅｌｅｇａｎｔｓｙｓｔｅｍ中ꎬｅｌｅｇａｎｔ?是 完美ꎬ完善 的意思ꎬ而不是 优雅 的意思ꎻｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｎａｇｒｅｅｄａｃｃｏｕｎｔｏｆｈｕｍａｎｒｉｇｈｔｓ中ꎬａｃｃｏｕｎｔ?１认识ꎬ看法 的意思ꎬ而不是 帐户 的意思ꎻｓｏｍｅｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｅｄｉｄｅａｓ中ꎬｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｅｄ?公认 的意思ꎬ而不是 受人尊敬的 的意思ꎻａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅｔｏｖａｒｉｏｕｓｂｒａｎｃｈｏｆｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌｉｎｑｕｉｒｙ中ꎬｉｎｑｕｉｒｙ?是 研究ꎬ探究ꎬ探索 的意思ꎬ而不是 询问 的意思ꎻａｒｉｓｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｍａｓｓｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ中ꎬｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ?是 移动ꎬ流动 的意思ꎬ而不是 运动Ａｎｄｈｏｍｅａｐｐｌｉａｎｃｅｓｗｉｌｌｂｅｃｏｍｅｓｏｓｍａｒｔｔｈａｔ...中ꎬｓｍａｒｔ?是 智能化 的意思ꎬ而不是 聪明 的意思ꎻａｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｏｆｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｗｉｌｌｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｔｏｂｅｒｅｊｅｃｔｅｄ中ꎬｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ?是 方法ꎬ研究方法 的意思ꎬ而不是 技术ｌｉｋｅｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｏｆｓｅｔｉｎｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ中ꎬｓｅｔ?是 集ꎬ集合 而不是 一套ꎬ放置 的意思ꎻｗｅａｒｅｏｂｌｉｇｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｍ中ꎬｏｂｌｉｇｅ?感谢ꎬ感激 的意思ꎬ而不是 被迫ａｆａｃｔｕｎｄｅｒｌｉｎｅｄｂｙｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓ中ꎬｕｎｄｅｒｌｉｎｅ?是 强调ꎬ表明ꎬ突出 的意思ꎬ而不是 下划线 的意思.......ꎮ２解决方法①词义选择的重要性②根据词性㊁词根㊁词缀来确定词义③根据上下文和汉语习惯搭配来确定词义Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒꎬｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｉｓｓｏｍａｄｅｔｈａｔｔｈｅｅｌｅｇａｎｔｓｙｓｔｅｍａｒｅｉｎｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｕｎａｂｌｅｔｏｄｅａｌｗｉｔｈｓｏｍｅｏｆｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ ｓｍｏｒｅｆａｓｃｉｎａｔｉｎｇａｎｄｄｅｌｉｇｈｔｆｕｌａｓｐｅｃｔｓ.三㊁长难句的基本解决方法１看懂原文ꎬ了解文章的基本含义２进行拆分寻觅句主干ꎬ前瞻与后看ꎬ不管从插代ꎬ拆分即可翻ꎮＨｉｓｓｔａｔｅｏｆｗｅａｋｎｅｓｓｗａｓｓｕｃｈｔｈａｔｈｅｗａｓｕｎａｂｌｅｔｏｄｉｇｅｓｔａｎｙｆｏｏｄꎬｈｅｃｏｎｓｕｍｅｄｂｙｆｅｖｅｒꎬａｎｄｈｅｗｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｄｉｅｄｂｕｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｎｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｉｓｆｒｉｅｎｄｓｗｈｏｒｅｓｃｕｅｄｈｉｍｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｅｘｃｅｓｓｅｓｉｎｔｏｗｈｉｃｈｈｅｈａｄｂｅｅｎｔｈｒｏｗｉｎｇｈｉｍｓｅｌｆ.３拆分的信号词•㊀标点符号•㊀连词:如ａｎｄꎬｏｒꎬｂｕｔꎬｙｅｔꎬｆｏｒ等并列连词连接着并列句ꎻ还有连接状语从句的连２接词ꎬ如:ｗｈｅｎꎬａｓꎬｓｉｎｃｅꎬｕｎｔｉｌꎬｂｅｆｏｒｅꎬａｆｔｅｒꎬｗｈｅｒｅꎬｂｅｃａｕｓｅꎬｓｉｎｃｅꎬｔｈｏｕｇｈꎬａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈꎬｓｏｔｈａｔꎬ......等等•㊀关系词:如连接名词性从句的ｗｈｏꎬｗｈｏｍꎬｗｈｏｓｅꎬｗｈａｔꎬｗｈｉｃｈꎬｗｈａｔｅｖｅｒꎬｗｈｉｃｈｅｖｅｒ等关系代词和ｗｈｅｎꎬｗｈｅｒｅꎬｈｏｗꎬｗｈｙ等关系副词ꎻ还有连接定语从句的关系代词ꎬ如ｗｈｏꎬｗｈｉｃｈꎬｔｈａｔꎬｗｈｏｍꎬｗｈｏｓｅ等等•㊀介词:如ｏｎꎬｉｎꎬｗｉｔｈꎬａｔꎬｏｆꎬｔｏ等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰语•㊀不定式符号ｔｏ:不定式常常构成不定式短语做定语或者状语修饰语ꎬ•㊀分词:过去分词和现在分词可以构成分词短语作修饰语ꎬ所以可以是拆分点ꎮＳｏｃｉａｌｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｉｓｔｈａｔｂｒａｎｃｈｏｆｉｎｔｅｌｌｅｃｔｕａｌｅｎｑｕｉｒｙｗｈｉｃｈｓｅｅｋｓｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｈｕｍａｎｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｅｎｄｅａｖｏｒｓｉｎｔｈｅｓａｍｅｒｅａｓｏｎｅｄꎬｏｒｄｅｒｌｙꎬｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃꎬａｎｄｄｉｓｐａｓｓｉｏｎｅｄｍａｎｎｅｒｔｈａｔｎａｔｕｒａｌｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｕｓｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｎａｔｕｒａｌｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎａ.给分原则:分段给分㊁采点给分的原则４改变原文顺序ꎬ组合汉语译文ａ)在英语中定语从句总是在所修饰的名词后面ꎬ而汉语中定语一般在所修饰的名词之前ꎻｂ)但是如果英语的定语从句过于复杂ꎬ放在所修饰的名词前ꎬ句子会很不通顺ꎬ这时就可以把定语从句放在所修饰的名词后面来翻译ꎬ独立成为一句ｃ)简短的状语可以放在所修饰的动词前面ꎻｄ)复杂的状语从句可以安排在整个句子主干的前面或者后面ꎻｅ)在英语中被动句使用很多ꎬ而汉语中主动句则使用很多ꎬ所以翻译的时候可以少用 被 字句ꎬ用别的词来代替 被 字或者转化成主动句等等ꎮ例句:鲁迅先生在斗争中创造了杂文ꎬ成了文学艺术中的奇葩ꎮ上级领导为了严肃法纪ꎬ决定给他行政记过处分ꎬ并赔偿部分经济损失ꎮ５重读定语从句:１.定语从句的前置合译法:Ｏｎｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅꎬｓｕｃｈａｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｃａｎｂｅｄｒａｗｎｗｉｔｈａｃｅｒｔａｉｎｄｅｇｒｅｅｏｆｃｏｎｆｉｄｅｎｃｅꎬｂｕｔｏｎｌｙｉｆｔｈｅｃｈｉｌｄｃａｎｂｅａｓｓｕｍｅｄｔｏｈａｖｅｈａｄｔｈｅｓａｍｅａｔｔｉｔｕｄｅｔｏｗａｒｄｓｔｈｅｔｅｓｔａｓｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｓｗｉｔｈｗｈｏｍｈｅｉｓｂｅｉｎｇｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄꎬａｎｄｏｎｌｙｉｆｈｅｗａｓｎｏｔｐｕｎｉｓｈｅｄｂｙｌａｃｋｏｆｒｅｌｅｖａｎｔｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅｙｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｅｄ.译文:总的来说ꎬ得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的ꎬ但是必须具备两个条件:能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一些孩子的态度相同ꎻ他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分ꎮ３２.定语从句的前置合译法与后置分译法:Ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｉｓｔｓｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｔｈａｔｔｈｅｃｈｉｌｄｗｈｏｉｓｒａｉｓｅｄｉｎａｎｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｗｈｅｒｅｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｍａｎｙｓｔｉｍｕｌｉｗｈｉｃｈｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｈｉｓｏｒｈｅｒｃａｐａｃｉｔｙｆｏｒａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｗｉｌｌｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｇｒｅａｔｅｒｉｎｔｅｌｌｅｃｔｕａｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ.译文:行为主义者认为ꎬ如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素ꎬ这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展ꎬ那么ꎬ儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平ꎮ３.Ｔｈｅｙ(ｔｈｅｐｏｏｒ)ａｒｅｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｔｏｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓａｓａｃｕｒｓｅｗｈｉｃｈｄｅｓｔｒｏｙｓｔｈｅｏｌｄｍｕｓｃｌｅ￣ｐｏｗｅｒｊｏｂｓｔｈａｔｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓｕｓｅｄａｓａｍｅａｎｓｔｏｆｉｇｈｔｔｈｅｉｒｗａｙｏｕｔｏｆｐｏｖｅｒｔｙ.对于以往几代人来说ꎬ旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段ꎬ而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动ꎬ因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人ꎮ４.定语从句的溶合变译法ꎻＴｈｉｓａｓｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｒｅｓｔｓｏｎｔｈｅｆａｌｌａｃｙｏｆｔｈｅｉｎｈｅｒｅｎｔｌａｚｉｎｅｓｓｉｎｈｕｍａｎｎａｔｕｒｅꎻａｃｔｕａｌｌｙꎬａｓｉｄｅｆｒｏｍａｂｎｏｒｍａｌｌｙｌａｚｙｐｅｏｐｌｅꎬｔｈｅｒｅｗｏｕｌｄｂｅｖｅｒｙｆｅｗｗｈｏｗｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｗａｎｔｔｏｅａｒｎｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｔｈｅｍｉｎｉｍｕｍꎬａｎｄｗｈｏｗｏｕｌｄｐｒｅｆｅｒｔｏｄｏｎｏｔｈｉｎｇｒａｔｈｅｒｔｈａｎｗｏｒｋ.(４８ｗｏｒｄｓ)译文:这种假设是依据这样的一种谬论:人的本性中存在天生的惰性ꎮ而实际上ꎬ除了特别懒惰的人以外ꎬ几乎没有人愿意挣只相当于最低生活维持费的钱ꎬ也没有人愿意饱食终日㊁无所事事ꎮ５.Ｐｒｉｏｒｔｏｔｈｅｔｗｅｎｔｉｅｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙꎬｗｏｍｅｎｉｎｎｏｖｅｌｓｗｅｒｅｓｔｅｒｅｏｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｌａｃｋｉｎｇａｎｙｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓｔｈａｔｍａｄｅｔｈｅｍｕｎｉｑｕｅｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓａｎｄｗｅｒｅａｌｓｏｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｔｏｎｕｍｅｒｏｕｓｒｅｓｔｒｉｃｔｉｏｎｓｉｍｐｏｓｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｍａｌｅ￣ｄｏｍｉｎａｔｅｄｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ.在２０世纪以前ꎬ小说中的妇女像都是一个模式ꎮ她们没有任何特点ꎬ因而无法成为具有个性的人ꎻ他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚ꎮ６.Ａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍｒｅｍａｉｎｅｄｕｎｋｎｏｗｎｕｎｔｉｌｔｈｅｎｉｎｅｔｅｅｎｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙꎬｂｅｃａｕｓｅｎｏｗｈｅｒｅｉｎｎａｔｕｒｅｉｓｉｔｆｏｕｎｄｆｒｅｅꎬｏｗｉｎｇｔｏｉｔｓａｌｗａｙｓｂｅｉｎｇｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄｗｉｔｈｏｔｈｅｒｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓꎬｍｏｓｔｃｏｍｍｏｎｌｙｗｉｔｈｏｘｙｇｅｎꎬｆｏｒｗｈｉｃｈｉｔｈａｓａｓｔｒｏｎｇａｆｆｉｎｉｔｙ.铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起ꎬ最普遍的是跟氧结合ꎻ因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力ꎬ由于这个原因ꎬ在自然界找不到游离状态的铝ꎮ所以ꎬ铝直到１９世纪才被人发现ꎮ７.ＴｈｅＧｒｅｅｋｓａｓｓｕｍｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｈａｄｓｏｍｅｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｔｈｏｕｇｈｔꎬｗｈｉｃｈｔｏｏｋｒｏｏｔｓｉｎＥｕｒｏｐｅｌｏｎｇｂｅｆｏｒｅｐｅｏｐｌｅｒｅａｌｉｚｅｄｈｏｗｄｉｖｅｒｓｅｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｓｃｏｕｌｄｂｅ.译文:希腊人认为ꎬ语言结构与思维能力过程之间存在着某种联系ꎮ这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根ꎮ８.ＴｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｙｏｕｎｇｐｅｏｐｌｅｉｎｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓｗｈｏｃａｎ ｔｒｅａｄｉｓｉｎｃｒｅｄｉｂｌｅａｂｏｕｔｏｎｅｉｎｆｏｕｒ.４大约有１/４的美国青年人没有阅读能力ꎬ这简直令人难以置信ꎮ(前置译法)分词翻译１.Ｅｖｅｎｗｈｅｎｗｅｔｕｒｎｏｆｆｔｈｅｂｅｓｉｄｅｌａｍｐａｎｄａｒｅｆａｓｔａｓｌｅｅｐꎬｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｉｔｙｉｓｗｏｒｋｉｎｇｆｏｒｕｓꎬｄｒｉｖｉｎｇｏｕｒｒｅｆｒｉｇｅｒａｔｏｒｓꎬｈｅａｔｉｎｇｏｕｒｗａｔｅｒꎬｏｒｋｅｅｐｉｎｇｏｕｒｒｏｏｍｓａｉｒ￣ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｅｄ.(现在分词正常使用)即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时ꎬ电仍在为我们工作:开动电冰箱ꎬ把水加热ꎬ或使室内空调机继续运转ꎮ２.ＴａｋｉｎｇｔｈｅｔｒａｉｎꎬｔｈｅｔｗｏｆｒｉｅｎｄｓａｒｒｉｖｅｄｉｎＢｅｒｌｉｎｉｎｌａｔｅＯｃｔｏｂｅｒ１９２２ꎬａｎｄｗｅｎｔｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙｔｏｔｈｅａｄｄｒｅｓｓｏｆＣｈｏｕ￣ＥｎＬａｉ.他们两个人坐火车于１９２２年３月到柏林ꎬ立即去周恩来的住处ꎮＴｈｅｆａｒｍｅｒｏｆ１８００ꎬｕｓｉｎｇａｈａｎｄｓｉｃｋｌｅꎬｃｏｕｌｄｈｏｐｅｔｏｃｕｔａｆｉｆｔｈｏｆａｈｅｃｔａｒｅｏｆｗｈｅａｔａｄａｙ.在１８００年ꎬ一个农民ꎬ使用镰刀ꎬ在一天内可望收割五分之一公顷小麦ꎮ３.ＷｈｅｎＣｈｏｕＥｎＬａｉ ｓｄｏｏｒｏｐｅｎｅｄｔｈｅｙｓａｗａｓｌｅｎｄｅｒｍａｎｏｆｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎａｖｅｒａｇｅｈｅｉｇｈｔｗｉｔｈｇｌｅａｍｉｎｇｅｙｅｓａｎｄａｆａｃｅｓｏｓｔｒｉｋｉｎｇｔｈａｔｉｔｂｏｒｄｅｒｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｂｅａｕｔｉｆｕｌ.周恩来的房门打开时ꎬ他们看到的是一个身材瘦小㊁比普通人略高一点的人ꎬ两眼闪着光辉ꎬ面貌很引人注意ꎬ称得上清秀ꎮ４.Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｐｒｉｃｅｓａｎｄｈｏｕｓｅｒｅｎｔｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｒａｐｉｄｌｙꎬｍａｎｙｙｏｕｎｇｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｇｒａｄｕａｔｅｓｃａｎｎｏｔｅａｒｎｔｈｅｉｒｌｉｖｉｎｇꎬｌｅｔａｌｏｎｅｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｐａｒｅｎｔｓ.随着物价和房租迅速上涨ꎬ许多年轻大学毕业生无法挣钱养活自己ꎬ更不用说赡养父母ꎮ５.ＳｉｔｕａｔｅｄａｔｔｈｅｂａｓｅｏｆｔｈｅＭｔ.ＬｏｆｔｙＲａｎｇｅｓꎬＡｄｅｌａｉｄｅｅｎｊｏｙｓａＭｅｄｉｔｅｒｒａｎｅａｎｃｌｉｍａｔｅ.阿德莱德位于罗夫迪岭山麓ꎬ属地中海型气候ꎮＴｈｉｓａｒｅａꎬｎｏｔｅｄｆｏｒｉｔｓｂｅａｕｔｉｆｕｌｓｃｅｎｅｒｙꎬｗａｓｃｏｕｎｔｅｄａｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｅｉｇｈｔｏｕｔｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｖｉｅｗｓｏｆＢｅｉｊｉｎｇ.附近风光秀丽ꎬ过去是燕京八景之一ꎮ６.ＩｇｎｏｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｃｈａｉｒｏｆｆｅｒｅｄｈｉｍꎬＣｈｕＴｅｈｓｔｏｏｄｓｑｕａｒｅｌｙｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｉｓｙｏｕｔｈｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｔｅｎｙｅａｒｓｈｉｓｊｕｎｉｏｒａｎｄｉｎａｌｅｖｅｌｖｏｉｃｅｔｏｌｄｈｉｍｗｈｏｈｅｗａｓ.朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子ꎬ端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十几岁的青年面前ꎬ用平稳的语调说明自己的身份ꎮ被动语态的翻译１.Ｔｏｄａｙｔｈｉｓｔｒｅａｓｕｒｙｏｆｓｉｌｔｉｓｔｒａｐｐｅｄｂｅｈｉｎｄｔｈｅｄａｍꎬａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｎｏｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ.５现在宝贵的泥沙让水坝给拦住了ꎬ却没有除盐的有效办法ꎮ２.ＹｅｔｔｈｅＮｉｌｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎｃｈａｎｇｅｄｂｙｍｏｄｅｒｎｍａｎｉｎｗａｙｓｎｏｔｙｅｔｆｕｌｌｙｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｏｄ.然而现代的人却让尼罗河发生了变化ꎬ不过就连他们自己也不完全了解尼罗河究竟发生了什么变化ꎮ３.Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｉｔｉｓｖｅｒｙｓｌｉｐｐｅｒｙꎬｉｔｉｓｕｓｅｄｆｏｒｌｕｂｒｉｃａｔｉｏｎ.因为它非常润滑ꎬ所以可以用作润滑剂ꎮ４.Ｖｅｇｅｔａｂｌｅｏｉｌｈａｓｂｅｅｎｋｎｏｗｎｆｒｏｍａｎｔｉｑｕｉｔｙ.植物油自古以来就为人们所熟悉ꎮ５.Ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｃｒｕｄｅｏｉｌｉｓｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｆｉｅｌｄꎬｉｔｉｓｔａｋｅｎｔｏｔｈｅｒｅｆｉｎｅｒｙｔｏｂｅｔｒｅａｔｅｄ.Ｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｏｎｅｓｔｆｏｒｍｏｆｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｉｓｈｅａｔｉｎｇ.Ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｏｉｌｉｓｈｅａｔｉｎｇꎬｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｖａｐｏｒｓｔｏｒｉｓｅａｒｅｃｏｏｌｅｄａｎｄｂｅｃｏｍｅｔｈｅｆｉｎｅｓｔｐｅｔｒｏｌ.Ｐｅｔｒｏｌｈａｓａｌｏｗｂｏｉｌｉｎｇｐｏｉｎｔꎻｉｆａｌｉｔｔｌｅｉｓｐｏｕｒｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｈａｎｄꎬｉｔｓｏｏｎｖａｐｏｒｉｚｅｄ.Ｇａｓｔｈａｔｃｏｍｅｓｏｆｆｔｈｅｏｉｌｌａｔｅｒｉｓｃｏｎｄｅｎｓｅｄｉｎｔｏｐａｒａｆｆｉｎ.Ｌａｓｔｏｆａｌｌｔｈｅｌｕｂｒｉｃａｔｉｎｇｏｉｌｓｏｆｖａｒｉｏｕｓｇｒａｄｅｓａｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ.Ｗｈａｔｒｅｍａｉｎｓｉｓｈｅａｖｙｏｉｌｔｈａｔｉｓｕｓｅｄａｓｆｕｅｌ.油田打出原油以后ꎬ便送到炼油厂去处理ꎮ最普通的处理就是加热ꎮ石油经过加热ꎬ最先冒出来的蒸汽冷却后就是质量最高的汽油ꎮ汽油的沸点低ꎬ倒一点在手上ꎬ很快就挥发了ꎮ随后从石油分离出来的气体可以浓缩为煤油ꎮ最后产生的是各种等级的润滑油ꎮ剩下的便是重油了ꎬ可以用作燃料ꎮ代词的翻译１.Ｉｔｍａｙｓｅｅｍｓｔｒａｎｇｅｔｏｐｕｔｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｓａｍｅｐａｃｋｅｔａｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｗｏｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ.Ｂｕｔｔｈｅｆａｃｔｉｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｙｗｅｒｅａｌｌｓｏｃｉａｌｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ.参考译文:把一场产业革命和两场政治革命归为一类ꎬ看上去似乎有些奇怪ꎬ但是事实上ꎬ这三场革命都是社会革命ꎮ２.ＴｗｏｔｈｉｎｇｓａｒｅｏｕｔｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｃｒｅａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＥｎｇｌｉｓｈｓｙｓｔｅｍｏｆｃａｎａｌｓꎬａｎｄｔｈｅｙｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅａｌｌｔｈｅＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌＲｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ.参考译文:有两点在修建/建造英国运河网中特别突出ꎬ而这两点正是整个工业革命的特点ꎮ３.Ｔｈｅｃａｎａｌｓｗｅｒｅａｒｔｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ:ｔｈｅｙｗｅｒｅｎｏｔｍａｄｅｔｏｃａｒｒｙｐｌｅａｓｕｒｅｂｏａｔｓꎬｂｕｔｂａｒｇｅｓ.参考译文:运河是交通的动脉ꎬ开凿运河不是为了通行游船ꎬ而是为了通行驳船ꎮ４.ＪａｍｅｓＢｒｉｎｄｌｅｙｗａｓａｐｉｏｎｅｅｒｉｎｔｈｅａｒｔｏｆｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｃａｎａｌｓｏｒꎬａｓｉｔｗａｓｔｈｅｎｃａｌｌｅｄꎬ ｎａｖｉｇａｔｉｏｎ .参考译文:詹姆斯布瑞德雷是开凿运河的先驱ꎬ人们当时把开凿运河叫做 ｎａｖｉｇａｔｉｏｎ ꎮ６考研英语(二)翻译真题(２０１０－２０１６)２０１０英语(二)翻译试题Ｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅａｐｏｐｕｌａｒｗｏｒｄｔｈｅｓｅｄａｙｓꎬｂｕｔｔｏＴｅｄＮｉｎｇꎬｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｗｉｌｌａｌｗａｙｓｈａｖｅｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌｍｅａｎｉｎｇ.Ｈａｖｉｎｇｅｎｄｕｒｅｄａｐａｉｎｆｕｌｐｅｒｉｏｄｏｆｕｎｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｉｌｉｔｙｉｎｈｉｓｏｗｎｌｉｆｅｍａｄｅｉｔｃｌｅａｒｔｏｈｉｍｔｈａｔｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｉｌｉｔｙ￣ｏｒｉｅｎｔｅｄｖａｌｕｅｓｍｕｓｔｂｅｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｅｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｅｖｅｒｙｄａｙａｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｃｈｏｉｃｅ.Ｎｉｎｇｒｅｃａｌｌｓｓｐｅｎｄｉｎｇａｃｏｎｆｕｓｉｎｇｙｅａｒｉｎｔｈｅｌａｔｅ１９９０ｓｓｅｌｌｉｎｇｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ.Ｈｅ ｄｂｅｅｎｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｄｏｔ￣ｃｏｍｂｏｏｍａｎｄｂｕｒｓｔａｎｄꎬｄｅｓｐｅｒａｔｅｆｏｒａｊｏｂꎬｓｉｇｎｅｄｏｎｗｉｔｈａＢｏｕｌｄｅｒａｇｅｎｃｙ.Ｉｔｄｉｄｎ ｔｇｏｗｅｌｌ. Ｉｔｗａｓａｒｅａｌｌｙｂａｄｍｏｖｅｂｅｃａｕｓｅｔｈａｔ ｓｎｏｔｍｙｐａｓｓｉｏｎꎬ ｓａｙｓＮｉｎｇꎬｗｈｏｓｅｄｉｌｅｍｍａａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｊｏｂｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅｄꎬｐｒｅｄｉｃｔａｂｌｙꎬｉｎｔｏａｌａｃｋｏｆｓａｌｅｓ. Ｉｗａｓｍｉｓｅｒａｂｌｅ.ＩｈａｄｓｏｍｕｃｈａｎｘｉｅｔｙｔｈａｔＩｗｏｕｌｄｗａｋｅｕｐｉｎｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｏｆｔｈｅｎｉｇｈｔａｎｄｓｔａｒｅａｔｔｈｅｃｅｉｌｉｎｇ.Ｉｈａｄｎｏｍｏｎｅｙａｎｄｎｅｅｄｅｄｔｈｅｊｏｂ.Ｅｖｅｒｙｏｎｅｓａｉｄꎬ Ｊｕｓｔｗａｉｔꎬｙｏｕ ｌｌｔｕｒｎｔｈｅｃｏｒｎｅｒꎬｇｉｖｅｉｔｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅ. Ｏｎｅｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ:当今ꎬ 可持续性 已经成为了一个流行的词语ꎮ但是ꎬ对特德宁来说ꎬ他对这个词有着自身的体会ꎮ他在忍受了一段痛苦的㊁难以为续的生活之后ꎬ他清楚地认识到ꎬ以可持续发展为导向的价值必须通过日常的活动和做出的选择表现出来ꎮ宁回忆了在上个世纪９０年代末期的某一年ꎬ他卖保险ꎬ那是一种浑浑噩噩的生活ꎮ他在经历了网络的兴盛和衰败之后ꎬ非常渴望得到一份工作ꎬ于是和一家博德的代理公司签了合约ꎮ事情进展不顺ꎬ 那的确是很糟糕的一种选择ꎬ因为那并非是我的激情所在ꎬ 宁如是说ꎮ可以想象ꎬ他这种工作上的窘境是由于销售业绩不良造成的ꎮ 我觉得很悲哀ꎮ我太担心了ꎬ我会在半夜醒来ꎬ盯着天花板ꎮ没有钱ꎬ我需要这份工作ꎮ每个人都会说ꎬ等吧ꎬ总会有转机的ꎬ给点时间吧ꎮ２０１１英语(二)翻译试题ＷｈｏｗｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｔｈａｔꎬｇｌｏｂａｌｌｙꎬｔｈｅＩＴｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｓａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｖｏｌｕｍｅｓｏｆｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅｇａｓｅｓａｓｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ ｓａｉｒｌｉｎｅｓｄｏ￣ｒｏｕｇｈ２ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｏｆａｌｌＣＯ２ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓ?７Ｍａｎｙｅｖｅｒｙｄａｙｔａｓｋｓｔａｋｅａｓｕｒｐｒｉｓｉｎｇｔｏｌｌｏｎｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ.ＡＧｏｏｇｌｅｓｅａｒｃｈｃａｎｌｅａｋｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ０.２ａｎｄ７.０ｇｒａｍｓｏｆＣＯ２ｄｅｐｅｎｄｉｎｇｏｎｈｏｗｍａｎｙａｔｔｅｍｐｔｓａｒｅｎｅｅｄｅｄｔｏｇｅｔｔｈｅ ｒｉｇｈｔ ａｎｓｗｅｒ.ＴｏｄｅｌｉｖｅｒｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｔｏｉｔｓｕｓｅｒｓｑｕｉｃｋｌｙꎬｔｈｅｎꎬＧｏｏｇｌｅｈａｓｔｏｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｖａｓｔｄａｔａｃｅｎｔｒｅｓｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄꎬｐａｃｋｅｄｗｉｔｈｐｏｗｅｒｆｕｌｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｓ.ＷｈｉｌｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇｌａｒｇｅｑｕａｎｔｉｔｉｅｓｏｆＣＯ２ꎬｔｈｅｓｅｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｓｅｍｉｔａｇｒｅａｔｄｅａｌｏｆｈｅａｔꎬｓｏｔｈｅｃｅｎｔｒｅｓｎｅｅｄｔｏｂｅｗｅｌｌａｉｒ￣ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｅｄꎬｗｈｉｃｈｕｓｅｓｅｖｅｎｍｏｒｅｅｎｅｒｇｙ.ＨｏｗｅｖｅｒꎬＧｏｏｇｌｅａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒｂｉｇｔｅｃｈｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｒｓｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｔｈｅｉｒｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｃｌｏｓｅｌｙａｎｄｍａｋｅｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ.Ｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇｉｓｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｓｔｅｐｏｎｔｈｅｒｏａｄｔｏｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎꎬｂｕｔｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｍｕｃｈｔｏｂｅｄｏｎｅꎬａｎｄｎｏｔｊｕｓｔｂｙｂｉｇｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓ.Ｏｎｅｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ:有谁会想到ꎬ在全球范围内ꎬＩＴ行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多?占二氧化碳总排量的２％.很多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用ꎮ根据你查询正确答案的尝试次数ꎬ谷歌搜索引擎会插手０.２－７克的二氧化碳的排放量ꎮ要快速将结果传递给用户ꎬ谷歌必须用强大和大量的计算机系统来维护全球巨大的数据库中心ꎮ这些计算机在散发大量热量的同时也产生大量的二氧化碳气体ꎮ所以中心处理器必须要有很好的散热装备ꎬ然而却耗能更多ꎮ然而ꎬ谷歌和其他高科技供应商严密监测其效率取得了进展ꎮ监测是减少二氧化碳排放量的第一步ꎬ但是还有很多事情需要我们去做ꎬ而这些事情不只是通过大公司来做ꎮ２０１２英语(二)翻译试题ＷｈｅｎｐｅｏｐｌｅｉｎｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｗｏｒｒｙａｂｏｕｔｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎꎬｔｈｅｙａｒｅｕｓｕａｌｌｙｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｅｄａｔｔｈｅｐｒｏｓｐｅｃｔｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｂｅｓｔａｎｄｂｒｉｇｈｔｅｓｔｄｅｐａｒｔｕｒｅｔｏＳｉｌｉｃｏｎＶａｌｌｅｙｏｒｔｏｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌｓａｎｄｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｗｏｒｌｄ.ＴｈｅｓｅａｒｅｔｈｅｋｉｎｄｏｆｗｏｒｋｅｒｓｔｈａｔｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｌｉｋｅＢｒｉｔａｉｎꎬＣａｎａｄａａｎｄＡｕｓｔｒａｌｉａｔｒｙｔｏａｔｔｒａｃｔｂｙｕｓｉｎｇｉｍｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎｒｕｌｅｓｔｈａｔｐｒｉｖｉｌｅｇｅｃｏｌｌｅｇｅｇｒａｄｕａｔｅｓ.Ｌｏｔｓｏｆｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｈａｖｅｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔｗｅｌｌ￣ｅｄｕｃａｔｅｄｐｅｏｐｌｅｆｒｏｍｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓａｒｅｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙｌｉｋｅｌｙｔｏｅｍｉｇｒａｔｅ.ＡｂｉｇｓｕｒｖｅｙｏｆＩｎｄｉａｎｈｏｕｓｅｈｏｌｄｓｉｎ２００４ｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔｎｅａｒｌｙ４０％ｏｆｅｍｉｇｒａｎｔｓｈａｄｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎａｈｉｇｈ￣ｓｃｈｏｏｌｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎꎬｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｗｉｔｈａｒｏｕｎｄ３.３％ｏｆａｌｌＩｎｄｉａｎｓｏｖｅｒｔｈｅａｇｅｏｆ２５.Ｔｈｉｓ ｂｒａｉｎｄｒａｉｎ ｈａｓｌｏｎｇｂｏｔｈｅｒｅｄｐｏｌｉｃｙｍａｋｅｒｓｉｎｐｏｏｒｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ.Ｔｈｅｙｆｅａｒｔｈａｔｉｔｈｕｒｔｓｔｈｅｉｒｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｅｓꎬｄｅｐｒｉｖｉｎｇｔｈｅｍｏｆｍｕｃｈ￣ｎｅｅｄｅｄｓｋｉｌｌｅｄｗｏｒｋｅｒｓｗｈｏｃｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｔａｕｇｈｔａｔｔｈｅｉｒｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｉｅｓꎬｗｏｒｋｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｉｒｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌｓａｎｄｃｏｍｅｕｐｗｉｔｈｃｌｅｖｅｒｎｅｗｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｉｒｆａｃｔｏｒｉｅｓｔｏｍａｋｅ.８Ｏｎｅｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ:发展中国家的人考虑移民时ꎬ通常关心的是到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学里工作这样最美好最光明的前景ꎮ这些人正是英国㊁加拿大和澳大利亚等国家想要通过对大学毕业生提供优惠的移民条例来吸引的人才ꎮ许多研究表明ꎬ发展中国家受过良好教育的人尤其可能移民ꎮ２００４年对印度家庭的一项大规模调查表明ꎬ将近４０％移居国外的人受过高中以上教育ꎬ而与之形成对比的是:全印度２５岁以上受过高中以上教育的人约为３.３％ꎮ这种 人才流失 现象长期困扰着贫困国家的决策者ꎮ他们担心这会损害本国经济ꎬ使他们失去急需的熟练劳动者ꎬ这些人本可以留在国内在大学任教㊁在医院工作或设计新奇产品供工厂生产ꎮ２０１３英语(二)翻译试题Ｉｃａｎｐｉｃｋａｄａｔｅｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｐａｓｔ５３ｙｅａｒｓａｎｄｋｎｏｗｉｎｓｔａｎｔｌｙｗｈｅｒｅＩｗａｓꎬｗｈａｔｈａｐｐｅｎｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｎｅｗｓａｎｄｅｖｅｎｔｈｅｄａｙｏｆｔｈｅｗｅｅｋ.Ｉ ｖｅｂｅｅｎａｂｌｅｔｏｄｏｔｈｉｓｓｉｎｃｅＩｗａｓｆｏｕｒ.Ｉｎｅｖｅｒｆｅｅｌｏｖｅｒｗｈｅｌｍｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｍｙｂｒａｉｎａｂｓｏｒｂｓｍｙｍｉｎｄｓｅｅｍｓｔｏｂｅａｂｌｅｔｏｃｏｐｅａｎｄｔｈｅｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｉｓｓｔｏｒｅｄａｗａｙｎｅａｔｌｙ.ＷｈｅｎＩｔｈｉｎｋｏｆａｓａｄｍｅｍｏｒｙꎬＩｄｏｗｈａｔｅｖｅｒｙｏｎｅｄｏｅｓ￣ｔｒｙｔｏｐｕｔｉｔｔｏｏｎｅｓｉｄｅ.Ｉｄｏｎ ｔｔｈｉｎｋｉｔ ｓｈａｒｄｅｒｆｏｒｍｅｊｕｓｔｂｅｃａｕｓｅｍｙｍｅｍｏｒｙｉｓｃｌｅａｒｅｒ.Ｐｏｗｅｒｆｕｌｍｅｍｏｒｙｄｏｅｓｎ ｔｍａｋｅｍｙｅｍｏｔｉｏｎｓａｎｙｍｏｒｅａｃｕｔｅｏｒｖｉｖｉｄ.ＩｃａｎｒｅｃａｌｌｔｈｅｄａｙｍｙｇｒａｎｄｆａｔｈｅｒｄｉｅｄａｎｄｔｈｅｓａｄｎｅｓｓＩｆｅｌｔｗｈｅｎｗｅｗｅｎｔｔｏｔｈｅｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌｔｈｅｄａｙｂｅｆｏｒｅ.ＩａｌｓｏｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒｔｈａｔｔｈｅｍｕｓｉｃａｌｐｌａｙＨａｉｒｏｐｅｎｅｄｏｎｔｈｅＢｒｏａｄｗａｙｏｎｔｈｅｓａｍｅｄａｙ￣ｔｈｅｙｂｏｔｈｊｕｓｔｐｏｐｉｎｔｏｍｙｍｉｎｄｉｎｔｈｅｓａｍｅｗａｙ.Ｏｎｅｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ:我能从过去的５３年中挑选一个时间ꎬ并且立即知道我(那时)所处的位置ꎬ(那时)新闻中发生的事件ꎬ甚至那天是星期几ꎮ我具有这种能力可以追溯到我４岁的时候ꎮ对于我大脑接收的信息ꎬ我从来没有感到难以把握ꎮ我的大脑似乎能够处理(一切信息)ꎬ而且这些信息都被有条理的保存ꎮ当我想到悲伤的事情ꎬ我像其他所有人一样ꎬ努力把它们放到一边(以免影响我)ꎮ就是因为我的记忆是比较清晰有条理的ꎬ所以ꎬ我认为那些信息(对我来说)都不很困难ꎮ我强大的记忆力没有让我的情绪变得更敏感或者更真切ꎮ我能(清晰地)回忆起我祖父过世的那天的情景以及祖父去世前我们大家去医院看望他时的悲伤ꎮ我还能(清晰地)记得同一天在Ｂｒｏａｄｗａｙ上演的音乐剧«头发» 它们都同样地在我的脑海长久不衰ꎮ９２０１４英语(二)翻译试题Ｍｏｓｔｐｅｏｐｌｅｗｏｕｌｄｄｅｆｉｎｅｏｐｔｉｍｉｓｍａｓｂｅｉｎｇｅｎｄｌｅｓｓｌｙｈａｐｐｙꎬｗｉｔｈａｇｌａｓｓｔｈａｔ ｓｐｅｒｐｅｔｕａｌｌｙｈａｌｆｆｕｌｌ.Ｂｕｔｔｈａｔ ｓｅｘａｃｔｌｙｔｈｅｋｉｎｄｏｆｆａｌｓｅｃｈｅｅｒｆｕｌｎｅｓｓｔｈａｔｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｉｓｔｓｗｏｕｌｄｎ ｔｒｅｃｏｍｍｅｎｄ. Ｈｅａｌｔｈｙｏｐｔｉｍｉｓｍｍｅａｎｓｂｅｉｎｇｉｎｔｏｕｃｈｗｉｔｈｒｅａｌｉｔｙꎬ ｓａｙｓＴａｌＢｅｎ￣ＳｈａｈａｒꎬａＨａｒｖａｒｄｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ.ＡｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏＢｅｎ￣Ｓｈａｈａｒꎬｒｅａｌｉｓｔｉｃｏｐｔｉｍｉｓｔｓａｒｅｔｈｏｓｅｗｈｏｍａｋｅｔｈｅｂｅｓｔｏｆｔｈｉｎｇｓｔｈａｔｈａｐｐｅｎꎬｂｕｔｎｏｔｔｈｏｓｅｗｈｏｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｅｖｅｒｙｔｈｉｎｇｈａｐｐｅｎｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｂｅｓｔ.Ｂｅｎ￣Ｓｈａｈａｒｕｓｅｓｔｈｒｅｅｏｐｔｉｍｉｓｔｉｃｅｘｅｒｃｉｓｅｓ.Ｗｈｅｎｈｅｆｅｅｌｓｄｏｗｎ ｓａｙꎬａｆｔｅｒｇｉｖｉｎｇａｂａｄｌｅｃｔｕｒｅ ｈｅｇｒａｎｔｓｈｉｍｓｅｌｆｐｅｒｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｔｏｂｅｈｕｍａｎ.ＨｅｒｅｍｉｎｄｓｈｉｍｓｅｌｆｔｈａｔｎｏｔｅｖｅｒｙｌｅｃｔｕｒｅｃａｎｂｅａＮｏｂｅｌｗｉｎｎｅｒꎬｓｏｍｅｗｉｌｌｂｅｌｅｓｓｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｔｈａｎｏｔｈｅｒｓ.Ｎｅｘｔｉｓｒｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ.Ｈｅａｎａｌｙｚｅｓｔｈｅｗｅａｋｌｅｃｔｕｒｅꎬｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇｌｅｓｓｏｎｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｕｔｕｒｅａｂｏｕｔｗｈａｔｗｏｒｋｓａｎｄｗｈａｔｄｏｅｓｎ ｔ.Ｆｉｎａｌｌｙꎬｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅꎬｗｈｉｃｈｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｓａｃｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｉｎｇｔｈａｔｉｎｔｈｅｇｒａｎｄｓｃｈｅｍｅｏｆｌｉｆｅꎬｏｎｅｌｅｃｔｕｒｅｒｅａｌｌｙｄｏｅｓｎ ｔｍａｔｔｅｒ.Ｏｎｅｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ:大多数人将乐观定义为永远快乐ꎬ总觉得杯子里的水还有一半ꎮ但积极心理学家并不提倡这种虚假的快乐ꎮ 健康的乐观是与现实联系在一起的ꎬ 哈佛大学教授泰 本－沙哈说道ꎮ根据他的观点ꎬ现实的乐观主义者是去积极实现事情的圆满ꎬ而不是坐等事情会自己圆满ꎮ本－沙哈提出了乐观训练的三个阶段ꎮ当他心情低落时 比如ꎬ一个糟糕的演讲之后 他宽慰自己这是人之常情ꎮ他提醒自己不是每一次演讲都要求诺贝尔标准ꎬ有些演讲的效果会不如其他ꎮ下一个阶段是重塑ꎮ他会分析这次失败的演讲ꎬ哪些地方可取ꎬ哪些不可取ꎬ为将来的演讲积累经验ꎮ最后一个阶段是前瞻ꎬ我们要认识到在生命的宏伟蓝图中ꎬ一次演讲根本算不上什么ꎮ２０１５英语(二)翻译试题Ｔｈｉｎｋａｂｏｕｔｄｒｉｖｉｎｇａｒｏｕｔｅｔｈａｔ ｓｖｅｒｙｆａｍｉｌｉａｒ.Ｉｔｃｏｕｌｄｂｅｙｏｕｒｃｏｍｍｉｎｕｔｅｓｔｏｗｏｒｋꎬａｔｒｉｐｉｎｔｏｔｏｗｎｏｒｔｈｅｗａｙｈｏｍｅ.Ｗｈｉｃｈｅｖｅｒｉｔｉｓꎬｙｏｕｋｎｏｗｅｖｅｒｙｔｗｉｓｔｓｔｅｐｔｕｒｎｌｉｋｅｔｈｅｂａｃｋｏｆｙｏｕｒｈａｎｄ.Ｏｎｔｈｅｓｅｓｔｅｐｓｏｆｔｒｉｐｓｉｔ ｓｅａｓｙｔｏｌｏｓｅｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｉｓｔｈａｔｙｏｕｐｅｒｃｅｉｖｅｔｈａｔｔｈｅｔｒｉｐｈａｓｔａｋｅｎｌｅｓｓｔｉｍｅｔｈａｎｉｔａｃｔｕａｌｌｙｈａｓ.Ｔｈｉｓｉｓｔｈｅｗｅｌｌ￣ｔｒａｖｅｌｌｅｄｒｏａｄｅｆｆｅｃｔ.Ｐｅｏｐｌｅｔｅｎｄｔｏｕｎｄｅｒｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｔｈｅｔｉｍｅｉｔｔａｋｅｓｔｏｔｒａｖｅｌａｆａｍｉｌｉａｒｒｏｕｔｅ.０１Ｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｓｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｗａｙｗｅａｌｌｏｃａｔｅｏｕｒａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ.Ｗｈｅｎｗｅｔｒａｖｅｌｄｏｗｎａｗｅｌｌ￣ｋｎｏｗｎｒｏｕｔｅꎬｂｅｃａｕｓｅｗｅｄｏｎ ｔｈａｖｅｔｏｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｅｍｕｃｈꎬｔｉｍｅｓｅｅｍｓｔｏｆｌｏｗｍｏｒｅｑｕｉｃｋｌｙ.Ａｎｄａｆｔｅｒｗａｒｄꎬｗｈｅｎｗｅｃｏｍｅｔｏｔｈｉｎｋｂａｃｋｏｎｉｔꎬｗｅｃａｎ ｔｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒｔｈｅｊｏｕｒｎｅｙｗｅｌｌｂｅｃａｕｓｅｗｅｄｉｄｎ ｔｐａｙｍｕｃｈａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｔｏｉｔ.Ｓｏｗｅａｓｓｕｍｅｉｔｗａｓｓｈｏｒｔｅｒ.设想一下ꎬ你正开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的路线上ꎮ可以是你每天上下班㊁去城里㊁或者回家的路ꎮ不管是什么路ꎬ你对每一个拐每一个弯都了如指掌ꎬ非常熟悉ꎮ在这样的路途中ꎬ我们容易在开车的时候心不在焉ꎬ对途中的景色也几乎是全然不顾ꎮ结果是你觉得路途上所花的时间比实际要少ꎮ这就是所谓的 熟悉路线效应 :人们往往会低估在熟悉的线路上所花费的时间ꎮ这种效应是由于我们注意力分配的方式不同引起的ꎮ如果我们行驶在熟悉的路线上ꎬ因为不需要太集中精力ꎬ会感觉时间流逝较快ꎮ以后ꎬ一旦回想这段路程ꎬ因为注意力没有集中在此ꎬ我们就会全然忘记ꎮ这样ꎬ我们就会觉得路程更短ꎮ２０１６年英语(二)翻译真题Ｔｈｅｓｕｐｅｒｍａｒｋｅｔｉｓｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄｔｏｌｕｒｅｃｕｓｔｏｍｅｒｓｉｎｔｏｓｐｅｎｄｉｎｇａｓｍｕｃｈｔｉｍｅａｓｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｗｉｔｈｉｎｉｔｓｄｏｏｒｓ.Ｔｈｅｒｅａｓｏｎｆｏｒｔｈｉｓｉｓｓｉｍｐｌｅ:Ｔｈｅｌｏｎｇｅｒｙｏｕｓｔａｙｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｏｒｅꎬｔｈｅｍｏｒｅｓｔｕｆｆｙｏｕ ｌｌｓｅｅꎬａｎｄｔｈｅｍｏｒｅｓｔｕｆｆｙｏｕｓｅｅꎬｔｈｅｍｏｒｅｙｏｕ ｌｌｂｕｙ.Ａｎｄｓｕｐｅｒｍａｒｋｅｔｓｃｏｎｔａｉｎａｌｏｔｏｆｓｔｕｆｆ.ＴｈｅａｖｅｒａｇｅｓｕｐｅｒｍａｒｋｅｔꎬａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅＦｏｏｄＭａｒｋｅｔｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅꎬｃａｒｒｉｅｓｓｏｍｅ４４ꎬ０００ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉｔｅｍｓꎬａｎｄｍａｎｙｃａｒｒｙｔｅｎｓｏｆｔｈｏｕｓａｎｄｓｍｏｒｅ.Ｔｈｅｓｈｅｅｒｖｏｌｕｍｅｏｆａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅｃｈｏｉｃｅｉｓｅｎｏｕｇｈｔｏｓｅｎｄｓｈｏｐｐｅｒｓｉｎｔｏａｓｔａｔｅｏｆｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｖｅｒｌｏａｄ.Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｂｒａｉｎ－ｓｃａｎｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓꎬｔｈｅｄｅｍａｎｄｓｏｆｓｏｍｕｃｈｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎ－ｍａｋｉｎｇｑｕｉｃｋｌｙｂｅｃｏｍｅｔｏｏｍｕｃｈｆｏｒｕｓ.Ａｆｔｅｒａｂｏｕｔ４０ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓｏｆｓｈｏｐｐｉｎｇꎬｍｏｓｔｐｅｏｐｌｅｓｔｏｐｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｉｎｇｔｏｂｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｖｅꎬａｎｄｉｎｓｔｅａｄｂｅｇａｎｓｈｏｐｐｉｎｇｅｍｏｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙ－ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｔｈｅｐｏｉｎｔａｔｗｈｉｃｈｗｅａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｅｔｈｅ５０ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｏｆｓｔｕｆｆｉｎｏｕｒｃａｒｔｔｈａｔｗｅｎｅｖｅｒｉｎｔｅｎｄｅｄｂｕｙｉｎｇ.１１翻译篇。

英语翻译讲义一、大纲要求及其解读（一）《大纲》中对考生翻译能力进行考察的指导思想如下：（二）《大纲》对翻译部分的具体要求如下：（三）评分标准1、英译汉评分标准示例:Progress in communication and transport technologies during the 20th century has enabled us to overcome geographical boundaries and revolutionize our way of living. The world is now linked to such an extent that a local happening/ cannot take place/ without impacting on the international community.Globalization is not just about/increasing/the worldwide circulation of information and ideas. Economically speaking, it entails transnational investment and international trade, t hereby integrating all countries into a single giant world market. In terms of culture, globalization itself is neither positive nor negative: It may be either of them/depending on our viewpoint.二、翻译部分得分目标及复习策略得分目标：复习的基本策略：每周两组翻译训练，可以使用历年真题以及大学英语六级考试的翻译材料（六级是只翻译其中的句子，建议大家在练习的时候尝试翻译一个段落或者全文）；在训练过程中把注意力放在如何得到目标分数上。

第第一一课课时时考研翻译： a. 弄清什么是翻译 b. 怎么做翻译1）形合与意合 2）繁复与简短P P a a s s s s a a g g e e 9Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. 61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. 62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. 63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recongnized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. 64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning "values". Who use a technology and to what ends? 65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.3）被动与主动 4）抽象与具体P P a a s s s s a a g g e e 2The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in congress. 71) The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades research productive, sales records, or whatever is appropriate. 72) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kids of information about what a person learned, the skills he has developed, or the kinds of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. 73) Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability. 74) In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined. Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things, they do not do. 75) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.2. 考研翻译的题型、题型特点、考试内容和评分标准1）考研翻译的题型第第二二课课时时2）考研翻译的题型特点3）考研翻译的考试内容P P a a s s s s a a g g e e 3 The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. 71) Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 72) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. 73) This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting "good" as opposed to "bad" science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 74) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects. 75) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to newstandards of elegance.P P a a s s s s a a g g e e 10Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. (61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth."Anthropology" derives from the Greek words anthropos "human" and logos "the study of." By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind. Anthropology is one of social sciences. (62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. (63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. (64) Tylor defined culture as "... that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society." This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor's definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patternedbehavior. (65) Thus, the anthropological concept of "culture," like the concept of "set" in mathematics,is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.4）考研翻译的评分标准第第三三课课时时3. 考研翻译解题中的常见问题和应对策略4. 考研翻译的步骤、标准和方法P P a a s s s s a a g g e e 9Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. 61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. 62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. 63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recongnized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. 64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning "values". Who use a technology and to what ends? 65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.第第四四课课时时两个问题需注意：1.笔记问题，做记录不要把汉字直接批注在英语旁边2.答案问题，上课翻译的句子不会给答案，需要你自己来说答案P P a a s s s s a a g g e e 9Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. 61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. 62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. 63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recongnized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. 64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning "values". Who use a technology and to what ends? 65) Until these issues are resolved, atechnology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.定语从句其有两种翻译方法：1.前置：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词前面。

全国硕士研究生统一招生考试英语(二)1.引言1.1 介绍全国硕士研究生统一招生考试英语(二)的重要性和普遍性The national master's entrance examination (English II) is an important and widespread examination for postgraduate students in China. It is a crucial part of the admission process for many graduate programs and holds great significance for the future academic and professional development of students. The importance of this exam lies in its role as a comprehensive assessment of students' English language proficiency, which is essential for success in academic research, international communication, and professional development.1.2 强调了解相关考试内容的重要性Understanding the relevant content of the National Unified Entrance Examination for Master's Degree in English (Part II) is of great importance for every candidate. This examination is a crucial step for those who wish to pursue further studies at the master's level in China. Without a clear understanding of the examination content, candidates may find it challenging to prepare effectively and perform well in the test.1.3 提出文章的目的和结构The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive guide to the National Entrance Examination for Master's (NEEM) in English (Part 2), commonly known as the "Master's English 2" exam. This exam is of great importance to students who wish to pursue a master's degree in English in China, as it serves as a crucial evaluation of their English language proficiency.2.正文2.1 考试科目和考试范围The subject of the National Entrance Examination for Master's Degree (English II) includes comprehensive ability, including reading comprehension, cloze test, vocabulary and structure, and translation. The test is designed to assess the candidates' English proficiency and their ability to understand and use English in academic and professional settings.2.2 备考策略和技巧1. 制定合理的学习计划：首先要根据考试时间和个人复习情况制定出详细的学习计划，合理分配每个科目的复习时间，保证每个知识点都有充分的复习时间。

清华大学考研辅导强化班课程《英语翻译》清华大学外语系许建平主讲并提供文档资料第一部分：考研英语翻译状况分析与策略I. 翻译考试的内容与考生状况分析研究生英语入学考试中的翻译项目旨在通过翻译测试考生正确理解英文原文的能力及汉语的表达能力。

此项测试方法是通过阅读一篇难度适中的短文（题材不限，长度约400字上下），翻译其中较为复杂的5个句子。

翻译共5题，每题2分，满分为10分；每题划分为若干个给分段，每一分段的分值为0.5或1。

对考生的要求是对原文理解正确，译文表达清楚准确，对汉语不作过高要求。

从近几年的考研翻译情况来看，考试成绩都不够理想。

满分为10分的考题，多数考生的成绩都在6、7分上下，不少考生甚至很难保住4、5分—这就对总体得分造成了影响。

考研英语试卷就那么五个句子的翻译，看起来并不太难，为什么会出现普遍的丢分现象呢？我认为主要有两方面的原因：一是考生思想上对翻译的重视不够，二是缺乏相应的技巧方法及其训练。

前一个原因是众所周知的事实，我们的英语学习一直强调的是听、说、读、写，在外语学习的五大技能中“译”处于一种几乎完全被忽视的地位。

各类英语课本中很少有全面系统的翻译知识、方法指导以及技能训练，间或穿插一点，也只不过是围绕课文开展的零星翻译练习。

这样一来，就难免形成平时缺乏训练，翻译考试力不从心的困境。

第二个原因不难从每年考研的翻译考试情况看出：考生的翻译能力远远低于读写的实际水平。

在很多情况下，能理解的，却不会表达；勉强能表达的，又表达失误，不是生搬硬套便是词不达意，因此造成翻译上的失败。

另外，翻译考试不是短文或段落的连贯翻译，而是从某一篇章中的取出若干句子，这些句子大都比较复杂，必须根据原文上下文才能正确理解英文，因此加大了翻译的难度，使不少考生感到不好下笔。

综上所述，翻译考试要想立足于不败之地，就必须克服上述两大问题。

一是要加以重视，投入一定的时间做翻译练习，二是掌握必要的翻译技巧方法。

正确理解英文原文是确保翻译准确无误的前提，而通顺清楚的表达则是获取高分的保证。

(完整版)机械化英语翻译法[钟平老师2013版]编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（(完整版)机械化英语翻译法[钟平老师2013版]）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为(完整版)机械化英语翻译法[钟平老师2013版]的全部内容。

（完整版)机械化英语翻译法［钟平老师2013版]编辑整理:张嬗雒老师尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布到文库，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是我们任然希望 (完整版）机械化英语翻译法[钟平老师2013版］这篇文档能够给您的工作和学习带来便利.同时我们也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈到下面的留言区，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请下载收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为〈（完整版)机械化英语翻译法[钟平老师2013版]> 这篇文档的全部内容。

机械化英语翻译法-——钟平老师2013版简介：本方法主要是运用数学的逻辑思维，将长难句进行划分层次,然后运用所总结的公式进行翻译。

如果真正掌握后可以让语法近乎白痴的人在以后不会碰到翻译不了的句子，但切记：词汇是一切的根本。

一、英语之基本规则主干先行(主、谓、宾),废话后置（定、状)二、主干的确定构成一句话的主要条件是：主语+谓语1〉谓语:a。

划出所有动词;b。

排除具有下列条件的动词：从句中的、句首状语层次中的动词、前面无助动词(be/have）的分词、to do形式（谓语+to do除外，因为它整体作谓语）、活用的动词（如动词当名词用）＊单词的活用能通过运用简单词，让写出来的句子收到意想不到的效果。