Noise_Measurement

2008-01-08Acoustic noise measurements噪声测量Training of test stations in Beijing风电机组检测技术培训北京Outline概要1. International Rules for Noise Measurementson Wind Turbines -Example: IEC 61400-11风机噪声测量国际规范－参考: IEC 61400-11 2. The WINDTEST procedure as one possibilityto carry out noise measurements on wind turbines –Breaks in between with time for discussionsWINDTEST的测试流程可以完成风机噪声测量——讲解过程中如有疑问可以随时打断以便讨论Topic 1: International Rules for Noise Measurements on Wind Turbines -Example: IEC 61400-11主题1:风机声学测量国际规范－参考: IEC 61400-11•How to use noise measurement results-development and sales steps –如何使用声学测量结果——开发与销售•History of the main international guidelines主要国际规范的发展历史•IEC 61400-11 as a measurements guideline测试规范之一IEC 61400-11•Conclusions and future topics结论和将来的主题How to use Noise Measurement Results -Development and Sales Steps –如何使用噪声测量结果——开发与销售•Prototype testing and optimization (emission measurements)样机测试与优化(声发射测量)•Certification (emission measurements)认证(声发射测量)•Noise impact calculations (based on measurement results)噪声影响计算(基于测量结果)•Noise impact verification (immission measurements) 噪声影响证明(声注入测量)Prototype Testing and Optimization (Emission Measurements)•Testing of interacting components=> check the turbine regarding resonances •Optimization of interacting components=> minimize noise level by choosing the optimal components combination•Optimization of turbine control system=> get the best combination of maximum power output / optimal turbine behaviour and lowest noise样机测试与优化(声发射测量)•测试连接部件=> 检查风机的共振•优化连接部件=> 通过优化组件连接方式最大限度地降低声级•优化风机控制系统=> 在输出最大功率/优化风机动作和最低的噪声之间寻求最完美的结合Certification认证(Emission Measurements)(声发射测量)•Measurements have to be carried out according to a guideline accepted by certification authorities测量必须根据权威认证认可的规范执行•Measurement results will be acepted if they have been carried out by an accredited institute如果测试是由公认的测试机构完成的，那么测量结果也会获得认可•Results of certification measurements can be used nearly all over the world认证测量的结果几乎可以在全世界使用Noise Impact Calculations (Based on Measurement Results)•Estimation of impacting noise at the dwellings around a wind turbine or wind farm•For noise impact calculations the certification measurement results have to be used•Given reference values on the houses around depend on the guideline used in each country •Precondition to get a building permission for a wind turbine in many countries噪声影响计算(基于测量结果)•在风机或风场周围的住所的噪声影响评估•对于噪声的影响计算，需要使用认证测量结果•房屋周围的噪声参考值根据各个国家标准确定•前提是获得国家对安装风机的建筑施工许可Noise Impact Verification(Immission Measurements)噪声影响证明(声注入测量)•Measurements very close to dwellings around the wind farm shows the acoustic far distance behaviour在风电场周围的住所附近测量表明声音的远距离特性•Other noise sources around the dwellings may have an important influence in the measurement results住所周围的其他声源对测量结果影响非常大•Manufacturers possibilities: Even in case of a higher sound power level an impact compliance is possible制造商的可能性:即使出现了更高的声功率级，但使冲击变弱也是可能的Topic 1: International Rules for Noise Measurements on Wind Turbines -Example: IEC 61400-11•How to use noise measurement results-development and sales steps -•History of the main international guidelines •IEC 61400-11 as a measurements guideline •Conclusions and future topics主题1:风机声学测量国际规范－参考: IEC 61400-11•如何使用声学测量结果——开发与销售•主要国际规范的发展历史•测试规范IEC 61400-11•结论和将来的主题History of the MainInternational Guidelines •1988: IEA recommendation ed. 2•1994: IEA recommendation ed. 3•1996: IEC 61400-11 ed. 1•1997: MEASNET ed. 1•2002: IEC 61400-11 ed. 2•2005:MEASNET ed. 2•(2009: IEC 61400-11 ed. 3 ?)主要国际规范的发展历史•1988: IEA推荐ed. 2•1994: IEA推荐ed. 3•1996: IEC 61400-11 ed. 1•1997: MEASNET ed. 1•2002: IEC 61400-11 ed. 2•2005:MEASNET ed. 2•(2009: IEC 61400-11 ed. 3 ?)History of International Guidelines-some Steps until Present Guidelines -•1988:-Wind speed measured exclusively anddirectly in 10 m height-Reference wind speed 8 m/s (10 m height)•1994: -Second wind screen was introduced-Wind speed calculated from measuredpower output parallel to met mast meas.•1998: -New tonality evaluation procedure国际规范发展历史——现有规范的一些发展•1988:-风速在10m高处单独测试-标准风速8 m/s (10 m 高度处)•1994: -引入辅助挡风屏-风速通过测试的输出功率和与之平行的测风塔来计算•1998: -新的音调评估程序History of International Guidelines-some Steps until Present Guidelines -•2002:-Wind speed range not less than 6-10 m/s in 10 m height-2nd order Regression instead ofBIN analysis-New tonality evaluation procedure •Since 2005 (only MEASNET, not IEC):-10 s averages instead of 1 min allowed-Nacelle wind speed for better correlation-Optimized met mast position国际规范发展历史——现有规范的一些发展步伐•2002:-10 m高度处的风速范围不少于6-10 m/s -使用二阶回归代替分仓-新的音调评估程序•自2005 (只针对MEASNET,而不是IEC):-允许使用10s平均代替1 min-机舱风速具有更好的相关性-优化的测风塔位置Topic 1: International Rules for Noise Measurements on Wind Turbines -Example: IEC 61400-11•How to use noise measurement results-development and sales steps -•History of the main international guidelines •IEC 61400-11 as a measurements guideline •Conclusions and future topics主题1:风机声学测量国际规范－参考: IEC 61400-11•如何使用声学测量结果——开发与销售•主要国际规范的发展历史•测试规范IEC 61400-11•结论和将来的主题IEC 61400-11 ed. 2.1•Measurements测量方法•Evaluation and further calculations评估和深入计算•Reporting报告Measurements测量方法•Calibration periods校准周期•Measurement positions测量位置•Acoustic measurements声学测量•Non-acoustic measurements非声学测量Calibration Periods •Equipment shall be checked regularly and be calibrated with traceability to a national or primary standards laboratoryDevice Calibration intervalAcoustic calibrator12 monthMicrophone24 monthIntegrating sound level meter24 monthSpectrum analyzer36 monthData recording system24 monthAnemometer24 monthElectric power transducer24 monthTable 23.a: Calibration intervals校准周期•测试设备需要定期检查并由国家的或高级的标准实验室标定设备标定间隔声音校准器12 个月麦克风24个月一体化声级计24个月频谱分析仪36个月数据记录系统24个月风速仪24个月电功率传感器24个月表24.a: 标定间隔Measurement Positions测量位置Fig. 25.1: Point for noise measurements图25.1: 噪声测试的测点布置Fig. 26.1: Distances for noise and meteorological measurements 图26.1: 噪声测量和气象测量的距离Fig. 27.1: Noise measurement positions (obligatory [1] and optional [2, 3, 4])图27.1: 噪声测量位置(必选位置[1] ，可选位置[2, 3, 4])Fig. 28.1: Noise measurement position (not only) in hilly terrain 图28.1: 噪声测量位置(不单是)多坡的地形Fig. 29.1: Microphone mounting on acoustically hard board 图29.1: 麦克风安装的硬质板Fig. 30.1: Met mast positioning area 图30.1: 测风塔安装区域Acoustic Measurements-What is to be Measured -•Apparent sound power level (for propagation calculations and turbine characterization)•3rd octave band levels (for propagation calculations)•Tonality (necessary how bothering the noise consistence is)•All values at the integer wind speeds 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 m/s relating to 10 m height•All further conspicuous noise characteristics声学测试——测试内容•视在声功率级(用于后续演算和机组特性描述)•1/3倍频程频带升级测量(用于后续演算)•音调(必要的，评估持续的噪音有多么令人厌烦)•所有数据需要转换到10 m高度处的整风速6, 7, 8, 9, 10 m/s•所有显著的噪音特性Acoustic Measurements•At the reference position at least 30 average values of noise measurements concurrent with wind speed for both operated and stopped turbine; if necessary several measurement series have to be taken•At least 3 average values per wind speed BIN( +/-0.5 m/s at each integer wind speed value)•Each mean value shall be averaged over not less than one minute声学测试•在基准位置处的风机噪声测试，对于运行和停机状态均至少需要与风速同步测试30组平均值；•必须要考虑几组测试序列：在每一个风速窗（即每一整风速处的±0.5m/s范围内）至少需要3组平均值。

© 2007 - All rights reserved
IHP Im Technologiepark 25 15236 Frankfurt (Oder) Germany
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IHP Im Technologiepark 25 15236 Frankfurt (Oder) Germany © 2007 - All rights reserved
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Measurement System
based on Agilent proposal SR570 low noise current preamplifier with Agilent 35670A dynamic signal analyzer
Central ground point
IHP Im Technologiepark 25 15236 Frankfurt (Oder) Germany

Features & BenefitsAutomates Test of Consumer HDTV Video Devices Automates VESA ComplianceTest for PC Graphics Devices Fast, Accurate and Reliable Video Measurements Comprehensive Component Analog Video Signal Analysis SD, HDTV and RGBHV Component Analog Format Support Picture, Vector and Waveform DisplaysCompanion Test Signal Packages Time Saving Test Utilities Pass-fail Limit Testing Automatic Report Generator Video Measurement Accessories Complete DPO Functionality1GHz Bandwidth, 4 Channels Bright 10.4"Display GPIB Remote Control LAN Connectivity CD-RW DriveApplicationsDesign ValidationStandards Compliance Testing Quality ControlInstallation and Troubleshooting Automated Manufacturing Test Off-air Video Systems TestAutomated Video Measurement SetVM5000The VM5000 automates video testing of consumer HDTV and PC graphics devices such as digital set-top boxes,multi-media PCs, graphics cards and video semiconductors. It addresses the needs of engineers developing and deploying the next generation of video devices for the digitally connected home.Unrivaled performance in terms of speed,accuracy and reliability has made the VM5000 the choice of industry leaders for design validation, quality control and ATE applications.Unlike conventional instruments, the VM5000 integrates acquisition hardware,optimized video measurement algorithms,test signal files and accessories into a cohesive test system solution. Product verification activities that previously took hours or days to complete can now be completed in seconds or minutes.Offering near plug-and-play video meas-urement capability , even unskilled operators can reliably assess video output signal quality. The conformance of signals to specifications is reported with obvious pass or fail results, with signal distortions clearly identified for further analysis. The VM5000 stands alone as the only automatic video analyzer capable of supporting SD, HDTV and PC graphics signal formats. Offering a full 1GHz band-width and 5GS/s sample rate, the VM5000is well suited to the demands of measuring high-resolution HDTV and high-frequency PC graphics video signals. Traditional DTV formats from 480i through 1080i and either RGB or YPbPr color space are supported in Options SD and HD. Option VGA supports common analog RGBHV signal resolutions from 640x480p through 2048x1536p, and pervasive refresh rates from 50Hz through 100Hz.The ultimate solution for component analog video signal analysis, the VM5000 delivers comprehensive characterization of video fidelity , signal quality and standards compli-ance. With available options, the instrument automatically assesses conformance of video signals to applicable EIA-770.x,SMPTE-274M, 296M and VESA standards.Traditional “TV” signal fidelity is evaluated utilizing industry-accepted parameters,making 150 individual measurements automatically in less than 15seconds. PC graphics signal fidelity is assessed via comprehensive RGB video and HV sync measurement parameters made in accordance with VSIS test procedures.Preloaded reference and limit files enableAutomated Video Measurement Set VM5000Automated Video Measurement SetVM5000Video Measurement • /video 3Automated Video Measurement Set VM5000Video Measurement • /video 5Automated Video Measurement SetVM5000Automated Video Measurement Set VM5000Video Measurement • /video 7Automated Video Measurement SetVM5000Time-saving Test Utilities Picture Mode.Automated Video Measurement Set VM5000Video Measurement • /video9Automated Video Measurement SetVM5000CharacteristicDescriptionColor Bar Measurement Accuracy ±2mV ±1.5% of readingMeasurement of all 8 bar levels,displayed in absolute(mV) values.YPbPr or RGB formats Noise Measurement Range and AccuracyUnweighted and Weighted–20 to –60dB ±1dB Specification requires 30MHz bandwidth filter –60 to –70dB ±2dBsetting.Trigger on CH 4 required for measurements below –60dB.Noise measurement bandwidth select-able,200KHz to 250MHz.Unified Weighting FilterNoise Floor<–76dB,30MHz noise bandwidth Typically <–80dB,30MHz noise bandwidthMultiburst and Frequency Response Measurements AccuracyFlag Amplitude±2mV ±1.5% of reading1MHz to 10MHz Packets ±0.5dB Measurement relative to reference flag amplitude10 to 30MHz Packets ±0.75dB Frequency Readout ±0.1MHzMultiburst packet frequency is measuredand displayed Non-linearity Measurement AccuracyNon-linearity±1.5%Non-linearity measurement using a ramp test signal.Incremental linearity reported over five equally spaced intervals,as well as an overall linearityfigure for each channel Transient Response Measurement AccuracyRise Time and Fall Time ±5ns K2T±1%Overshoot and Undershoot ±1.5% of readingRise and Fall Settle Times±5ns*1For VM5000 Instrument Characteristics, please refer to the TDS5104B datasheet.Automated Video Measurement SetVM5000Characteristic Accuracy DescriptionVideo Measurement • /video 11Automated Video Measurement SetVM5000Automated Video Measurement Set VM500012Video Measurement • /video 13Automated Video Measurement SetVM5000Automated Video Measurement SetVM5000Ordering InformationVM5000 –Automatic Video Measurement Set.Includes:1GHz,5GS/s,4 channel digital phosphoroscilloscope,Accessory Pouch (016-1935-00),Front Cover (200-4651-00),Mini Keyboard(118-9402-00),Mouse (119-6936-00),Terminations 75ΩBNC (Qty 4) (011-0102-03),BNC T’s (Qty 4),(103-0030-00),VM5000 UserManual (071-1522-01),TDS5000 QuickstartManual (071-1355-02) VM5000 Product softwareCD-ROM (020-2565-01),VM5000 Programmersmanual (.pdf file).TDS5000B Series ProductSoftware CD-ROM (063-3692-03),TDS5000BSeries Operating System Restoration CD-ROM(063-3759-00),GPIB Programmer’s Reference,Optional Applications Software CD-ROM(020-2450-17),Getting Started with OpenChoice®book and Software Developer’s Kit CD (020-2513-00),and LabVIEW (020-2476-02),PerformanceVerification Procedure PDF file,CalibrationCertificate Documenting NIST Traceability,Z540-1Compliance,and ISO9001 Registration,Option keysticker,Power Cord.Please specify power plug and manual versionwhen ordering.Requires at least one of Option SD,HD or VGA with each new instrument ordered.Option HD –Test signal files (ATSC transport,TG700 DNL,Bitmap) on CD-ROM (020-2611-00);Sync pick-off accessory (012-1680-01),Optionkey enabling HD format support.Option SD –Test signal files on DVD (020-2610-00);Sync pick-off accessory (012-1680-01); Optionkey enabling SD format support.Option VGA –PC graphics test signal files onCD-ROM (020-2634-00),RGBHV MeasurementInterface Unit (012-1685-00),VGA to 5x BNCcable,6in.(174-5147-00),VGA to 5x BNC cable,1m (174-5126-00),Termination accessory kit,RS232 Cable (012-1692-00),BNC elbow (Qty 2)(103-0031-00),Option key enabling VGA option.VM5UP,VM5HDUP –Quick Start User Manual withTranslations (020-2643-00),VM5000 User Manual(071-1522-01),VM5000 Product software CD-ROM(020-2565-01),VM5000 Programmers manual(.pdf file).VM5UP SD,VM5UP HD,VM5HDUP SD –Testsignal files (ATSC transport,TG700 DNL,Bitmap)on CD-ROM (020-2611-00),Test signal files onDVD (020-2610-00); Option key adding newlyordered format support,Sync pick-off accessory(012-1680-01).VM5UP VGA –PC graphics test signal files onCD-ROM (020-2634-00),RGBHV MeasurementInterface Unit (012-1685-00),VGA to 5x BNCcable,6in (174-5147-00),VGA to 5x BNC cable,1m (174-5126-00),Termination accessory kit,RS232 Cable (012-1692-00),BNC elbow (Qty 2)(103-0031-00),Option key sticker addingVGA support.Recommended ProbesP5050 –500MHz,10x passive probe.Recommended AccessoriesService Manual –Order 071-1362-00.Transit Case –Order 016-1937-00.Probe Calibration,Compensation and DeskewAdapter –Order 067-0405-xx.Power Deskew Fixture –Order 067-1478-00.Video Display Clamp –Order 013-0278-xx.GPIB Cable (1m) –Order 012-0991-01.GPIB Cable (2m) –Order 012-0991-00.Instrument OptionsOpt. 18*1–Touch-screen interface.Opt. 1R –Rackmount kit.Opt. SM –Communication mask testing.Opt. CP2*2–TDSCPM2:ANSI/ITU telecom pulsecompliance testing software.Opt. ET3 –TDSET3:Ethernet compliancetest software.Opt. HD*3–HD Component analog video measure-ments and format support.Opt. J2 –TDSDDM2:Disk drive measurementssoftware.Opt. J3E –TDSJIT3E:Jitter and timing analysissoftware essentials.Opt. JA3 –TDSJIT3 v2.0:Advanced Jitter andtiming analysis software.Opt. JE3 –TDSJIT3 v2.0; Essentials Jitter andtiming analysis software.Opt. JT3 –TDSJIT3:Jitter and timinganalysis software.Opt. PW3 –TDSPWR3:Power measurementssoftware.Opt. SD*3–SD component analog video measure-ments and format support.Opt. SM –Communication mask testing.Opt. USB –TDSUSBS:USB 2.0 Compliance testsoftware only.Opt. VGA*3–RGBHV Video Measurements andVESA Compliance Tests.*1No upgrade path for this option, must be ordered at timeof initial purchase.*2Requires Option SM.*3At least one of Option SD, HD or VGA is mandatory for eachVM5000 Instrument.14Video Measurement • /video 15Automated Video Measurement SetVM5000Power Plug Options Opt. A0 –North America Power.Opt. A1 –Universal EURO Power.Opt. A2 –United Kingdom Power.Opt. A3 –Australia Power.Opt. A4 –240V,North America Power.Opt. A5 –Switzerland Power.Opt. A6 –Japan Power.Opt. A10 –China Power.Opt. A99 –No Power Cord or AC Adapter.Manual OptionsOpt. L0 –English Manual.Opt. L1 –French Manual.Opt. L3 –German Manual.Opt. L4 –Spanish Manual.Opt. L5 –Japanese Manual.Opt. L7 –Simplified Chinese Manual.Opt. L8 –Traditional Chinese Manual.Opt. L9 –Korean Manual.Opt. L10 –Russian Manual.Service OptionsOpt. C3 –Calibration Service 3 Years.Opt. C5 –Calibration Service 5 Years.Opt. D1 –Calibration Data Report.Opt. D3 –Calibration Data Report 3 Years (with Option C3).Opt. D5 –Calibration Data Report 5 Years (with Option C5).Opt. R3 –Repair Service 3 Years (including warranty).Opt. R5 –Repair Service 5 Years (including warranty).Instrument Upgrades (VM5UP)Opt. 1R –Rackmount kit.Opt. 3EA –TDSJIT3 v2.0; upgrade from J3E;requires JE3.Opt. 3EE –TDSJIT3 v2.0; essentials; upgrade from J3E; requires JE3.Opt. CP2*2–TDSCPM2 – ANSI/ITU telecom pulse compliance testing software.Opt. E3A –TDSJIT3 v2.0; upgrade from JE3;requires JT3.Opt. ET3 –TDSET3; Ethernet compliance test software.Opt. HD –HD Component analog video measure-ments and format support.Opt. IF –Upgrade installation service.Opt. J2 –TDSDDM2:Disk drive measurements software.Opt. JE3 –TDSJIT3 v2.0 Essentials; Advanced Jitter and timing analysis software.Opt. JA3 –TDSJIT3 v2.0; Advanced Jitter and timing analysis software.Opt. JTA –TDSJIT3 v2.0; Advanced Jitter and timing analysis software; requires JT3.Opt. PW3 –TDSPWR3:Power measurements software.Opt. SD –SD component analog video measure-ments and format support.Opt. SM –Communication mask testing.Opt. USB –TDSUSBS; USB 2.0 Compliance test software only.Opt. VGA –RGBHV Video Measurements and VESA Compliance Tests.*2Requires option SM.Upgrades equivalent to original options can be ordered to extend instrument performance after initial ers can install upgrades without opening the instrument case or requiring on-site service.To upgrade a VM5000,order a VM5UP with one or more of the options listed above.Factory installation is available by specifying Option IF.For older VM5000HD instrument upgrades order VM5HDUP with one or more of the following options:2A,3EE,3EA,E3A,IF,J2,JA3,JE3,JTA,PW3,SD,USB,VGA.Additional or replacement test signals and other standard accessories can be ordered separately via part number.。

公路机电工程测试规程英文版Highway Electromechanical Engineering Test Procedures.Introduction.Highway electromechanical engineering encompasses the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of electrical and mechanical systems within highway infrastructure. These systems play a crucial role in ensuring the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of our roadways. To ensure the proper functionality andreliability of these systems, comprehensive test procedures are essential.Electrical System Testing.1. Electrical Load Testing.Measures the electrical load on a system to ensure it operates within its capacity.Verifies the adequacy of power supply and distribution.2. Voltage and Current Measurement.Measures voltage and current levels to detect any deviations from specified values.Ensures proper operation of electrical equipment and identifies potential electrical faults.3. Insulation Resistance Testing.Assesses the insulation resistance of electrical components to ensure they meet safety standards.Detects insulation breakdown and prevents electrical hazards.4. Grounding and Bonding Testing.Verifies the integrity of grounding and bondingconnections to prevent electrical shocks and equipment damage.Ensures proper functioning of protective devices.5. Surge Protection Testing.Evaluates the effectiveness of surge protection devices in mitigating transient voltage surges.Protects sensitive electronic equipment from damage.Mechanical System Testing.1. Vibration Measurement.Measures vibrations generated by mechanical equipment to assess their impact on structural integrity.Identifies excessive vibrations and potential damage to components.2. Noise Measurement.Measures noise levels produced by mechanical systems to ensure compliance with environmental regulations.Prevents noise pollution and protects the well-being of nearby communities.3. Leakage Testing.Checks for leaks in fluid systems, including hydraulic lines and pneumatic components.Prevents fluid loss, ensures proper operation, and reduces environmental impact.4. Pressure Testing.Measures pressure levels within mechanical systems to ensure they operate within their specified ranges.Detects pressure fluctuations and identifies potentialsystem failures.5. Flow Rate Measurement.Measures the flow rate of fluids, such as water and compressed air, within mechanical systems.Verifies system performance and ensures proper fluid supply.Test Equipment.Specialized test equipment is required to conduct these tests effectively. Equipment used may include:Multimeters.Oscilloscopes.Insulation testers.Grounding and bonding testers.Vibration analyzers.Noise meters.Leak detectors.Pressure gauges.Flow meters.Test Procedures.Detailed test procedures are developed for each type of test, outlining:Test setup and equipment requirements.Test methodology and measurements.Data analysis and interpretation.Acceptance criteria and reporting.Documentation.Comprehensive documentation is crucial for maintaining a record of test results and ensuring compliance with standards. This includes:Test plans.Test reports.Calibration certificates.Maintenance logs.Importance of Testing.Regular testing of highway electromechanical systems is vital for:Ensuring safety and preventing accidents.Optimizing system performance and efficiency.Detecting and addressing system faults early on.Extending the lifespan of infrastructure.Compliance with regulations and industry standards. Conclusion.Highway electromechanical engineering test procedures are essential for ensuring the functionality, reliability, and safety of our highway infrastructure. By implementing comprehensive testing practices, highway agencies can maintain optimal system performance, prevent costly failures, and safeguard the well-being of road users.。