Baldwin management organizational behavior test bank Chap004

Chapter 04Making Ethical Decisions True / False Questions1.Most ethical people act in ways that reflect ethical commitment, consciousness,and competency.True False2.Ethical commitment refers to your level of dedication or desire to do what is righteven in the face of potentially harmful personal repercussions.True False3.Those who are ethically conscious make themselves aware of the implications oftheir actions.True False4."Individual versus community" is a type of "right-versus-right" scenario.True False5.The way in which we perceive ethical dilemmas depends heavily on the moralintensity the issue possesses.True False6.Researcher Thomas Jones identified proximity as one of the ways in which ethicalissues can be perceived as more or less intense.True False7.Obedience to the law is sufficient to fulfill one's ethical duties.True False8.The law can be an efficient mechanism to prevent serious harm, but it is not veryeffective at promoting "good."True False9.Deontological theories of ethics determine the ethics of an act by looking to theprobable outcome or consequences of the decision.True False10.Teleological theories of ethics determine the ethics of an act by looking to theprocess of the decision.True False11.Utilitarianism directs us to make decisions based on the greatest "good" for thegreatest number.True False12.Universalism implies a consideration of whether a decision would be acceptable ifeveryone in every situation made the same decision.True False13.The ethical perspective of utilitarianism was put forth by German philosopherImmanuel Kant.True False14.Utilitarianism is a much more motivational or inspirational approach thanuniversalism, which can seem "cold" or impersonal.True False15.Universalism recognizes that human beings act in and from character.True False16.The major application of universalism comes in the common tension betweenself-interest and ethical values.True False17.Secondary stakeholders are people who will be directly affected by any ethicaldecision that is made.True False18.Following norms is often part of behaving ethically.True False19.People are likely to interpret events as more important or urgent when others arepresent.True False20.Moral imagination is defined as the ability to understand the worst possiblescenario in an ethical framework of distributive justice.True False21.One way of testing your moral imagination is to use the Wall Street Journal test.True False22.The Platinum Rule test is a good way of judging if distributive justice is takingplace.True False23.A decision that is based on equality is a fair and ethical decision.True False24.At the heart of many issues that concern ethics and fairness are perceptions ofjustice.True False25.Distributive justice is perceived when people view fairness in personal treatment.True False26.In a reward situation, people are likely to examine the outcome of a decision'simpact based on equality.True False27.Procedural justice occurs when the process used to determine the outcome isperceived as fair.True False28.Procedural justice matters most in situations of high outcome favorability.True False29.Interactional justice is comprised of two important fairness perceptions:interpersonal treatment and informational adequacy.True False30.One way for managers to encourage unethical behavior is to simply focusperformance evaluation of employees on results only.True FalseMultiple Choice Questions31.Which of the following is NOT an ethical decision-making myth?A. I t is hard to be ethical.B. U nethical behavior is simply a problem of "bad apples."C. E thics can be managed with codes of conduct.D. P eople are less ethical than they used to be.E. M anaging Ethics is not my problem.32.The truth is that much of our behavior is guided by watching others and simplyfollowing their lead. Hence, it is a myth that:A. p eople are less ethical than they used to be.B. i t is easy to be ethical.C. e thics can be managed with codes of conduct.D. u nethical behavior is simply a problem of "bad apples."E. m anaging ethics is not my problem.33.Students with which career choice reported the lowest incidence of cheating asan undergraduate?A. M edicineB. B usinessC. E ngineeringD. E ducationE. G overnment34.A recent survey of college student actions reported the highest incidence ofcheating in this activity. Students:A. c opied material without footnoting.B. c opied from another student.C. h elped another student cheat.D. f alsified a bibliography.E. t urned in work done by another.35.Ethical decisions and behavior require of an individual:A. c ooperation, collusion, and collaboration.B. r ules, regulations, and competency.C. p unishment, reinforcement, and consciousness.D. v alues, commitment, and standards.E. c ommitment, consciousness, and competency.36.Ethical ______________ is about accepting the challenge to be an ethical person.A. c onsciousnessB. c ompetencyC. a ttitudeD. c ommitmentE. p erception37.Ethical ______________ involves a thoughtful consideration of ethics in each stageof the problem-solving process.A. a ttitudeB. c ompetencyC. a ttributionD. c ommitmentE. c onsciousness38.Which of the following is a "right-versus-right" scenario?A. D ishonesty-versus-loyaltyB. I ndividual-versus-loyaltyC. S hort-term versus immediateD. J ustice-versus-dishonestyE. I ndividual versus community39.Which of the following "right-versus-right" scenarios does a professor encounterwhen he catches a student cheating?A. T ruth-versus-loyaltyB. J ustice-versus-mercyC. S hort-term versus long-termD. I ndividual versus communityE. F airness versus economics40.The law can be considered to be a "___________" with respect to ethics.A. c eilingB. d oorC. w allD. f loorE. w indow41.The failure of personal ethics among such companies as Enron and WorldComled to the creation of the:A. H epburn Act.B. L loyd-LaFollette Act.C. B ayh-Dole Act.D. L andrum-Griffin Act.E. S arbanes-Oxley Act.42.Which of the following steps to making an ethical decision follows the fact-gathering step?A. C onsider your integrityB. C heck your instinctsC. D efine the ethical issuesD. T hink creatively about actionsE. I dentify the affected parties, consequences, and obligations43.The most basic form of ____________ analysis is cost-benefit analysis.A. u tilitarianB. K antismC. v irtue ethicsD. d eontologicalE. d uty ethics44.______________ is viewed as a strong and powerful theory because it is liberaland it appeals to no authority in resolving differences of opinion.A. U niversalismB. D uty ethicsC. U tilitarianismD. V irtue ethicsE. P articularism45.Which of the following is based on an arbitrary analysis of impact and does notreflect collective logic that is consistent from situation to situation?A. D uty ethicsB. U tilitarianismC. P articularismD. V irtue ethicsE. U niversalism46.German philosopher Immanuel Kant developed the _________________ to identifythe universal duties based on which ethical dilemmas ought to be resolved.A. l ogical perspectiveB. t eleological theoryC. u tilitarian ideologyD. c ategorical imperativeE. u nified perspective47.Which of the following perspectives of ethics is neither teleological nordeontological but rather emphasizes the affective side of peoples' character?A. D uty ethicsB. U tilitarianismC. K antismD. V irtue ethicsE. U niversalism48.It is wrong to impose personal values on other people. This example indicatesthat you are using the ______________ ethical perspective.A. u tilitarianismB. d uty ethicsC. K antismD. v irtue ethicsE. u niversalism49."I believe some principles can't be sacrificed for anything" is an example of themajor ethical theory of:A. u niversalism.B. u tilitarianism.C. v irtue ethics.D. s ituational ethics.E. c ultural relativism.50.People should act in ways meant to better the world. This is an example of whichmajor ethical theory?A. U niversalism.B. U tilitarianism.C. V irtue ethics.D. S ituational ethics.E. C ultural relativism.51.In a series of classic studies over many decades, researchers have found that, byand large, individuals are more likely to help those in need when they are:A. y oung.B. e conomically well-off.C. o ld.D. w ith their families.E. a lone.52.Should a manager try to improve his ability to make tough ethical choices byimproving his moral imagination?A. Y es. Rationalization helps ease the conscience.B. N o. Tough choices are business necessities.C. Y es. Sometimes tough ethical problems require new approaches.D. N o. Fairness requires strict adherence to the rules.E. Y es. Blaming others for a mistake is acceptable sometimes.53.Which of the following steps toward making an ethical decision includes utilizingchecks such as the Platinum Rule test and the Mom test?A. C onsider your integrityB. C heck your instinctsC. D efine the ethical issuesD. T hink creatively about actionsE. I dentify the affected parties, consequences, and obligations54.Which of the following is the last step toward making an ethical decision?A. C onsider your integrityB. C heck your instinctsC. D efine the ethical issuesD. T hink creatively about actionsE. I dentify the affected parties, consequences, and obligations55.A food pantry gives groceries to the needy. This action is seen as:A. i nterpersonal justice.B. i nteractional justice.C. i nformational justice.D. p rocedural justice.E. d istributive justice.56.In a reward situation, people are likely to examine the outcome of a decision'simpact based on:A. e quity.B. l oyalty.C. l ogic.D. n eed.E. e quality.57.A classic example of where people invoke _____ as a determination fordistributive justice is the case of distributing medical benefits.A. e quityB. l oyaltyC. l ogicD. n eedE. e quality58._____ justice is perceived when people know that those with power in anorganization are suspending their personal biases and relying on objective data to the best possible extent.A. I nterpersonalB. I nteractionalC. I nformationalD. P roceduralE. D istributive59.At the completion of a presentation, students were told by the professor thatalthough their talk was solid as far as content, the grade was a "C." The professor failed to mention that the talk lacked several elements of excellence. The graphics were inconsistent, the presenters mumbled, and the team failed to answer any of the follow-up questions. The student team leader threw the documentation packet at the professor, shouting, "Whatever, toad!" and slammed the door on the way out. This scenario presents an ethical issue of _____ justice.A. d istributiveB. i nteractionalC. g enerationalD. p roceduralE. n ormative60.Which of the following types of justice judgments is considered a little "soft" or"touchy feely" to handle?A. N ormative justiceB. I nteractional justiceC. E conomic justiceD. P rocedural justiceE. D istributive justiceEssay Questions61.Your community has seen a sudden spike in gunshot violence lately. The policedepartment has directed all gun shops in the locality to not sell guns to potential customers who have previous criminal records. This is an example of which kind of ethical decision-making myth?62.Describe three ethical decision-making myths.63.Describe the three important dimensions of ethical behavior.64.Jennifer has been a part of your group for last five years. She is both a sincereworker and the best performer in your group. She confided in you yesterday that her father is not doing well and she might have to soon take two weeks off to take care of him. She is not sure exactly when she will need the leave, so she also asks you to keep this information to yourself. Today, your boss informs you abouta critical project that has to be finished within next two weeks. He also wantsJennifer to be a part of that project and casually asks you, "I hope she is available for this project. It is very critical that this project is done well and done on time."What kind of a "right-versus-right" scenario does this ethical dilemma reflect?What would your action be? Will you tell your boss about Jennifer's plans oftaking leave? Explain.65.A racial minority interest group has recently gone to press saying that thegovernment is discriminating against members of that race by infringing on their individual and privacy rights in the name of national security. What kind of a "right-versus-right" scenario does this ethical dilemma reflect?66.Ryan has been an exemplary student throughout the term. However, he fellseriously ill two weeks before the end-of-term exam and could neither attend the last few critical lectures nor prepare for the exam. Desperate for a good grade that will reflect the kind of job offers he gets after finishing the course, Ryancheats during the exam. You, his professor, catch him cheating.What kind of a "right-versus-right" scenario does this ethical dilemma reflect?Suggest a course of action that you will follow to resolve this dilemma.67.What is moral intensity? Give an example of how moral intensity affects ourethical decision-making.68.According to researcher Thomas Jones, identify any four ways in which ethicalissues are perceived as more or less intense and therefore as more ethical or unethical.69.A pharmacist sells counterfeit drugs, which might lead to death of patients takingthose drugs. His wife works as an accountant and has a habit of regularly bringing office stationery home. Whose action would you label as more unethical: thepharmacist's or his wife's? Why?70.Identify a few reasons why the law may not align with ethics in organizations.71.What are the two categories of ethical theories? Describe the theory mostrepresentative of the teleological approach.72.What are the advantages and disadvantages of utilitarianism as an ethicalapproach in organizations?73.Identify a few of the most common rationalizations used to justify unethicalbehavior.74.Identify some common situations that act as ethical traps for managers.75.It has come to your notice that Harry, a member of your group, regularly stealsoffice stationery supplies. What is the course of action that you will follow in response to this?Chapter 04 Making Ethical Decisions Answer KeyTrue / False Questions1.Most ethical people act in ways that reflect ethical commitment, consciousness,and competency.TRUEAccording to the Josephson Institute, a center dedicated to the study andpractice of ethics, ethical behavior is multidimensional, and the most ethicalpeople act in ways that reflect ethical commitment, consciousness, andcompetency.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-01 Recognize the ethical implications of a problem.Topic: Introduction2.Ethical commitment refers to your level of dedication or desire to do what isright even in the face of potentially harmful personal repercussions.TRUEIf you choose to strive toward ethical decisions and behavior, it will require your ethical commitment. Ethical commitment refers to your level of dedication ordesire to do what is right even in the face of potentially harmful personalrepercussions.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-01 Recognize the ethical implications of a problem.Topic: Ethics: Making The Tough Choi c es3.Those who are ethically conscious make themselves aware of the implicationsof their actions.TRUEThose who are ethically conscious make themselves aware of the implications of their actions and are not oblivious to the many ethical concerns around us.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-01 Recognize the ethical implications of a problem.Topic: Ethics: Making The Tough Choi c es4."Individual versus community" is a type of "right-versus-right" scenario.TRUE"Individual versus community" is one type of "right-versus-right" scenario.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-01 Recognize the ethical implications of a problem.Topic: Ethics: Making The Tough Choi c es5.The way in which we perceive ethical dilemmas depends heavily on the moralintensity the issue possesses.TRUEThe way in which we perceive ethical dilemmas depends heavily on the moral intensity the issue possesses. That is, something in the context or situation of how an ethical dilemma is perceived leads people to endorse the situation as unethical.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-02 Describe the concept of moral intensity.Topic: Ethics: Making The Tough Choi c es6.Researcher Thomas Jones identified proximity as one of the ways in whichethical issues can be perceived as more or less intense.TRUEResearcher Thomas Jones identified proximity as one of the ways in whichethical issues can be perceived as more or less intense.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-02 Describe the concept of moral intensity.Topic: Ethics: Making The Tough Choi c es 7.Obedience to the law is sufficient to fulfill one's ethical duties.FALSEHolding that obedience to the law is sufficient to fulfill one's ethical duties raises the question of whether or not the law itself is ethical.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-03 Explain the key differences between ethical perspecti v es.Topic: Ethics: Making The Tough Choi c es8.The law can be an efficient mechanism to prevent serious harm, but it is notvery effective at promoting "good."TRUEThe law can be an efficient mechanism to prevent serious harm, but it is notvery effective at promoting "good."AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-03 Explain the key differences between ethical perspecti v es.Topic: Ethics: Making The Tough Choi c es9.Deontological theories of ethics determine the ethics of an act by looking to theprobable outcome or consequences of the decision.FALSETeleological theories of ethics determine the ethics of an act by looking to the probable outcome or consequences of the decision. Deontological theoriesdetermine the ethics of an act by looking to the process of the decision and are based on concepts of universal principles or rights.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-03 Explain the key differences between ethical perspecti v es.Topic: Six Steps to Making an Ethical Decision10.Teleological theories of ethics determine the ethics of an act by looking to theprocess of the decision.FALSEDeontological theories of ethics determine the ethics of an act by looking to the process of the decision. Teleological theories of ethics determine the ethics of an act by looking to the probable outcome or consequences of the decision.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-03 Explain the key differences between ethical perspecti v es.Topic: Six Steps to Making an Ethical Decision11.Utilitarianism directs us to make decisions based on the greatest "good" for thegreatest number.TRUEUtilitarianism directs us to make decisions based on the greatest "good" for the greatest number.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-03 Explain the key differences between ethical perspecti v es.Topic: Six Steps to Making an Ethical Decision12.Universalism implies a consideration of whether a decision would beacceptable if everyone in every situation made the same decision.TRUEUniversalism implies a consideration of whether a decision would beacceptable if everyone in every situation made the same decision.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-03 Explain the key differences between ethical perspecti v es.Topic: Six Steps to Making an Ethical Decision13.The ethical perspective of utilitarianism was put forth by German philosopherImmanuel Kant.FALSEThe ethical perspective of universalism was put forth by German philosopher Immanuel Kant.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-03 Explain the key differences between ethical perspecti v es.Topic: Six Steps to Making an Ethical Decision14.Utilitarianism is a much more motivational or inspirational approach thanuniversalism, which can seem "cold" or impersonal.FALSEUniversalism is a much more motivational or inspirational approach thanutilitarianism, which can seem "cold" or impersonal.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-03 Explain the key differences between ethical perspecti v es.Topic: Six Steps to Making an Ethical Decision 15.Universalism recognizes that human beings act in and from character.FALSEUniversalism says that, in reaching a decision, we should consider whether it would be acceptable if everyone in every situation made this same decision.Virtue ethics recognizes that human beings act in and from character.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-03 Explain the key differences between ethical perspecti v es.Topic: Six Steps to Making an Ethical Decision16.The major application of universalism comes in the common tension betweenself-interest and ethical values.FALSEThe major application of virtue ethics comes in the common tension betweenself-interest and ethical values.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-03 Explain the key differences between ethical perspecti v es.Topic: Six Steps to Making an Ethical Decision17.Secondary stakeholders are people who will be directly affected by any ethicaldecision that is made.FALSEPrimary stakeholders are people who will be directly affected by any decision you make.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 04-04 Describe different forms of fairness rules and when to appl y them in the workplace.Topic: Six Steps to Making an Ethical Decision18.Following norms is often part of behaving ethically.FALSEBehaving ethically takes courage, and bucking norms is often part of it.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-03 Explain the key differences between ethical perspecti v es.Topic: Six Steps to Making an Ethical Decision19.People are likely to interpret events as more important or urgent when othersare present.FALSEPeople are likely to interpret events as less important or urgent when othersare present, thereby lowering their personal accountability for the outcome of such events.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-03 Explain the key differences between ethical perspecti v es.Topic: Six Steps to Making an Ethical Decision20.Moral imagination is defined as the ability to understand the worst possiblescenario in an ethical framework of distributive justice.FALSEMoral imagination is the ability to: (1) step out of your situation and see thepossible ethical problems present, (2) imagine other possibilities andalternatives, and (3) evaluate from an ethical standpoint the new possibilitiesyou have envisioned.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-03 Explain the key differences between ethical perspecti v es.Topic: Six Steps to Making an Ethical Decision21.One way of testing your moral imagination is to use the Wall Street Journaltest.FALSEOne way of testing your instincts is to use the Wall Street Journal test.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-03 Explain the key differences between ethical perspecti v es.Topic: Six Steps to Making an Ethical Decision22.The Platinum Rule test is a good way of judging if distributive justice is takingplace.FALSEOne way of testing your instincts is to use the Platinum Rule test.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-03 Explain the key differences between ethical perspecti v es.Topic: Six Steps to Making an Ethical Decision 23. A decision that is based on equality is a fair and ethical decision.FALSEEquality does not necessarily make a decision fair or ethical.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 04-04 Describe different forms of fairness rules and when to appl y them in the workplace.Topic: Fairness in the Workplace24.At the heart of many issues that concern ethics and fairness are perceptions ofjustice.TRUEAt the heart of many issues that concern ethics and fairness are perceptions of justice.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 04-04 Describe different forms of fairness rules and when to appl y them in the workplace.Topic: Fairness in the Workplace25.Distributive justice is perceived when people view fairness in personaltreatment.FALSEDistributive justice is perceived when people view fairness of a particularoutcome.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-05 Describe and differentiate three types of organi z ational justice.Topic: Managing Justice Perceptions26.In a reward situation, people are likely to examine the outcome of a decision'simpact based on equality.FALSEIn a reward situation, people are likely to examine the outcome of a decision's impact based on equity.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-05 Describe and differentiate three types of organi z ational justice.Topic: Managing Justice Perceptions27.Procedural justice occurs when the process used to determine the outcome isperceived as fair.TRUEProcedural justice occurs when the process used to determine the outcome is perceived as fair.AACSB: EthicsBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 04-05 Describe and differentiate three types of organi z ational justice.Topic: Managing Justice Perceptions。