英语修辞简介
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一、什么是修辞格修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼,给人以美的享受。
要翻译好英语修辞格,首先要弄清其特点、弄清英汉两种语言在这方面的异同,然后根据具体情况采用恰当的技巧进行翻译。
英语修辞格种类很多,但粗略分来似可分为音韵修辞格、词义修辞格和句法修辞格。
(一)音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)顾名思义,音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。
它主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration和assonance。
Onomatopoeia是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法,与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。
如:She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one. 她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西,如阳光呀,丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀,昆虫的叫声呀,开门的吱嗄声呀,亲人的说话声呀。
Alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中,有两个以上彼此靠近的词,其开头的音节(或其他重读音节)具有同样的字母或声音。
如:Peter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper.(alliteration)皮特.派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。
Assonance是在一句话或在一个诗行中间,有两个或更多的词具有相同的元音。
前者与汉语的双声(汉语中两个或多个音节,声母相同,叫做双声,它不是辞格)相似,后者与汉语的叠韵(两个或多个音节彼此韵母相同)非常相似。
如:With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.怀着这个信念,我们能把绝望的大山凿成希望的磐石。
18种重要修辞手法一、语义修辞1明喻(simile)俗称直喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。
例如:1.The snow was like a white blanket drawn over the field.2.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.认真观察以上各例,我们会发现它们的特点,由(as)... as, like等引导,这些引导词被称作比喻词(acknowledging word),它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征,明喻较为直白,比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显,所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。
2暗喻(metaphor)也称隐喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。
例如:1.His friend has become a thorn in his side.(他的朋友已变成眼中钉肉中刺。
)2.You are your mother’s glass.(你是你母亲的翻版。
)3.Hope is a good br eakfast, but it’s a bad supper.由以上各例可知,暗喻没有引导词,这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。
换句话说,有为明喻,没有为暗喻。
如:He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.很显然,前句是暗喻,后句是明喻。
暗喻时,比喻物和被比喻物之间的相似点较为含蓄,猛一看它们毫无关系,实际却有着某种内在联系。
谈到暗喻,有必要说说它的两种变体(variety):博喻(sustained metaphor)和延喻(extended metaphor),它们是英语比喻中的特殊类型。
(1)博喻连续使用多个喻体去比喻主体的方法就叫做博喻。
比如:There again came out the second flash, with the spring of a serpe nt and the shout of a fiend, looked green as an emerald, and the reverber ation was stunning.(爆发了第二次闪电,她像蛇一样蜿蜒,如魔鬼般嘶叫,像翠玉般碧绿,轰隆隆震耳欲聋。
修辞格是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼,给人以美的享受。
)是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等,例如:He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.隐喻(metaphor)这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.借代(metonymy)是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似,但有密切关系时,可以利用这种关系,以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物,这样的一种修辞手段。
转喻的重点不是在“相似”;而是在“联想”。
转喻又称换喻,借喻或借代。
The buses in America are on strike now.(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。
The pen is mightier than the sword.(以pen,sword喻指使用这物的人)。
She is a social butterfly.她是一个交际花(以虫喻人)。
He always keeps a good table, and one gets plenty to eat and drink in his house. (table代替wine&food) 提喻(synecdoche)又称举隅法,主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”(巨大的牺牲)“...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...” 这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。
语法管语言“通顺不通顺”;逻辑管语言“合理不合理”;修辞管语言“优不优美”。
语言美完全由修辞来决定,由此可见,修辞学在语言学习过程具有不可低估的重要意义。
从翻译教学的目的来看,学生大致掌握以下二十种修辞格就可以了,它们是:明喻〔simile〕;隐喻〔metaphor〕;移就〔transferred epithet〕;拟人〔personification〕;借代〔metonymy〕;低调陈述〔understatement〕;委婉〔euphemism〕;夸张〔hyperbole〕;典故〔allusion〕;对照〔antithesis〕;平行(parallelism);隽语〔paradox〕;矛盾修饰〔oxymoron〕;突降〔antiticlimax〕;重复〔repetion〕;头韵〔alliteration〕;双关〔pun〕;反语〔irony〕;仿拟〔parody〕;轭式搭配〔zeugma〕从应用范围来看,英语修辞格的运用可谓无处不在,从各种体裁的文学作品、到数量繁多的习语、谚语、警语、格言、商品广告和交际口语,到处都可发现修辞格的踪影。
只有科技英语和法律英语由于要求客观公允、精炼准确,修辞格的运用相对来说要少些。
从翻译手法上来看,英语翻译的方法可以归纳为三种手法:直译法、意译法和直译加注法。
但是不管采取什么样的翻译方法,都应该尽量保留原修辞格的语言文化特色,努力传递出各种修辞格的结构美、意蕴美和音韵美。
反语修辞格所谓反语修辞格,就是把正面意思反过来说或把反面意思说成正面意思的修辞方法,即词语的真实含义往往与其字面意思相反。
这种修辞方法便于挖苦、挖苦、俏皮、幽默。
如:What a noble illustration of the tender laws of his favored country!-They let the paopers go to sleep!他们竟允许穷人睡觉!——多么“高尚”的例证!多么“仁慈”的法律!多么“可爱”的国家!〔这句话正话反说,19世纪时期英国政府对待穷人的态度昭然假设揭,下层人的苦难生活用一种极具挖苦意味的方式表达出来。
19种英语修辞手法简单介绍19种英语修辞手法简单介绍除了最常见的明喻、暗喻、拟人,英语中还有很多修辞手法。
有一些可能是你经常见到却没有意识到的。
下面是店铺带来的19种英语修辞手法简单介绍,希望对你有帮助。
英语中有19种修辞手法,它们分别是:Simile明喻、Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻、Metonymy 借喻,转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉、Personification 拟人、Hyperbole 夸张、Parallelism 排比,平行、Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法、Allegory 讽喻,比方、Irony 反语、Pun 双关、Parody 仿拟、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问、Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶、Paradox 隽语、Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻、Climax 渐进法,层进法、Anticlimax 渐降法。
下面和大家分享一下这19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句,快来学习吧!1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。
这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。
例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow。
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。
2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。
例如:1.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。
雨水节气的农耕智慧中国农民的雨水利用方法雨水节气的农耕智慧:中国农民的雨水利用方法雨水是农业生产的重要水源之一,尤其对于中国这样一个农耕大国来说,如何合理利用雨水资源对于农民们来说是至关重要的。
在中国的大部分地区,雨水节气是一个重要的农事节点,决定了农民们的田间管理和种植策略。
本文将介绍中国农民历经千年积累的雨水利用方法,展示他们智慧而实用的农耕技巧。
1. 水田灌溉系统水稻是中国的主要粮食作物之一,而对于水稻来说,充足的水源是保证其正常生长的关键。
中国农民采用了一套精细的水田灌溉系统,通过合理的水位控制和水流导向,实现了对水稻田的科学灌溉。
他们利用雨水季节的降雨量,实现多级灌溉,将水分合理地供应到每一块田地上,从而保证了水稻的正常生长。
2. 雨水收集池在雨季来临之前,中国农民会准备好雨水收集池,将雨水有序地储存起来。
这些收集池通常是由土坯或砖石修筑而成,具备良好的防渗透性能。
雨季来临时,农民们将这些池塘打开,及时收集雨水,用以灌溉农田或者家庭生活用水。
这种雨水收集池的利用可以有效利用雨水资源,减少水资源的浪费。
3. 雨水利用于饮水中国的一些地区缺水问题比较突出,而雨季是保证饮水的重要时期。
中国农民会利用各种方式将雨水收集起来,用于日常饮水。
他们可以设置雨水收集罐,将雨水储存起来,并经过简单的过滤处理后进行饮用。
这种利用雨水的智慧帮助农民们解决了饮水困难问题,提高了生活质量。
4. 收集雨水用于灌溉果树和蔬菜中国农民还采用雨水灌溉果树和蔬菜的方法,确保农作物在雨季期间得到充足的水源供应。
他们会利用土坡和沟渠,将雨水引导至果树和蔬菜周围的土壤中,实现灌溉。
同时,他们还会选择适宜的果树和蔬菜品种,以适应雨季的降雨量和湿度,提高产量和质量。
5. 雨水合理种植周期在雨季到来的时候,中国农民会合理调整种植周期,尽可能利用雨水增加作物的生长量。
例如,他们会选择在雨季之前播种,并在雨季期间接收雨水灌溉,以提高作物生长速度和产量。
英语常见8种修辞手法说明修辞手法是英语写作中常用的表达技巧,通过运用恰当的修辞手法,可以使文章更加生动、有趣,增强表达的效果和吸引读者的注意力。
下面是英语常见的8种修辞手法的说明:1. 比喻(Metaphor)比喻是将一个事物与另一个事物进行类比,以便更好地揭示事物的特点或隐含含义。
通过比喻,可以使描述更具有形象感和感染力。
例如:"She is a shining star in the world of art."(她是艺术界的一颗闪亮之星)2. 暗示(Allusion)暗示是通过间接提及某个事物或引用某个文学、历史、文化的代表性人物或事件来达到某种目的,常常用于表达或暗示作者的观点或态度。
例如:"His words had a biblical ring to them."(他的话带有的语气)3. 排比(Parallelism)排比是通过重复使用类似的词、短语或句子结构,使文章的句子齐整有序,增强表达的力度和冲击力。
例如:"We came, we saw, we conquered." (我们来了,我们看到了,我们战胜了)4. 反问(Rhetorical Question)反问是在文章或演讲中提出一个问题,但并不期待对方回答,而是用问句来引导读者或听众思考某个问题或强调某个观点。
例如:"Isn't it a beautiful day?"(今天是不是个美好的一天呢?)5. 夸张(Hyperbole)夸张是通过夸大的描述方式来强调某个事物或情感,以达到增强效果的目的。
夸张常用于幽默、夸张或强调的场合。
例如:"I've told you a million times."(我已经告诉过你一百万次了)比较是通过将两个或多个事物进行对比,以突出它们的差异或相似之处,使表达更具有说服力和可信度。
英语中的修辞手法1.明喻(Simile)明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。
例如:●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushedsintoshis wrinkled face.●The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上,像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。
)●Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。
)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。
)2.暗喻(Metaphor)暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。
它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。
例如:●What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? (如果没有这位电子保姆,父母该怎么办呢?)形象地说明了电视机的保姆功用。
●... while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.(……但是我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风,而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬的阳光。
英语修辞手法介绍文章摘要:本文介绍了英语中常用的12种修辞手法,包括它们的定义、功能、标志词和例句。
修辞手法是一种运用语言的艺术,可以使语言更生动、有力、有趣和有说服力。
通过学习和掌握这些修辞手法,可以提高英语写作和阅读的水平,增加文学欣赏的乐趣,也可以培养创造性思维和表达能力。
1. 演绎推理 (Deductive Reasoning)1.1 定义演绎推理,也称为自上而下的逻辑,是一种修辞手法,也是建立成功论点的一种方式。
演绎推理是从一个或多个一般原则或前提出发,推导出一个具体的结论或结果。
演绎推理的有效性取决于前提的真实性和逻辑的正确性。
1.2 功能演绎推理的功能是:使论点更有说服力和权威性使论点更清晰和条理化使论点更容易被理解和接受使论点更具有逻辑性和一致性1.3 标志词演绎推理的标志词有:therefore 因此thus 如此hence 所以consequently 结果as a result 结果if...then 如果...那么since 既然for 因为1.4 例句All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal. 所有人都会死。
苏格拉底是人。
因此,苏格拉底会死。
If you study hard, then you will pass the exam. 如果你努力学习,那么你就会通过考试。
Since it is raining, you should take an umbrella. 既然下雨了,你应该带把伞。
2. 模糊语 (Ambiguity)2.1 定义模糊语包含多个含义的单词、短语或陈述。
模糊语有时会导致含糊不清和混乱,有时会有无意的幽默出现。
模糊语可以分为以下几种类型:词汇模糊:一个单词有多个含义,例如bank(银行或河岸)结构模糊:一个句子有多种解读方式,例如I saw her duck(我看见她躲避或我看见她的鸭子)参考模糊:一个代词指代不明确,例如He said that he loves him(他说他爱他)指示模糊:一个指示词指示不明确,例如This is good(这个很好)2.2 功能模糊语的功能是:增加语言的多样性和灵活性创造幽默和讽刺的效果避免直接表达敏感或不礼貌的内容表达隐晦或暗示的意思引起读者或听者的注意和思考2.3 标志词模糊语没有特定的标志词,但可以通过以下方法来识别:分析单词、句子、代词或指示词是否有多种可能的含义分析上下文是否提供了足够的信息来消除歧义分析作者或说话者是否故意使用模糊语来达到某种目的2.4 例句I went to the bank. 我去了银行(或河岸)。
英语修辞简介一、明喻【Simile】1、用like表示The Great Wall of China, the longest wall in the world, runs across north China like a huge dragon.Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. 【John Ruskin】He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen for him to crow. 【George Eliot】Marriage is like a beleaguered fortress: those who are without want to getin,and those within want to get out. 【P. M. Quitard】They will never be able to save money to buy a new house---they both spendmoney like water.2、用as表示Every tree and every branch was encrusted with bright and delicate hoarfrost,white and pure, as snow, delicate and defined as carved ivory.His face was as grey as ashes.As the lion is king of beasts, so is the eagle king of birds.3、用what表示What light is to the eye, knowledge is to the mind.Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.Judicious praise is to the children what the sun is to flowers.4、用the way表示I should smell it the way a cat smells a mouse.5、用might (may) as well…(as)表示You might as well expect the sun to rise in the west as hope to move me.You might as well teach a cat to swim as teach him to learn English.6、用(no) more…than / not…any more than表示A home without love is no more than a body without a soul.Nations are not to be judged by their size any more than individuals.7、用of短语表示Who might he be, that black pillar of a man?Her son is shy of persons;he is a girl of a boy.8、用as if (though)表示The first time I read an excellent book, it was to me as if I had gained a new friend.9、用and表示Truth and rose have thorns about them.Love and a cough cannot be hid.二、暗喻【Metaphor】1、 S+be+RLife is a journey.Experience is the mother of wisdom.The boy is only skin and bone.2、 S+be+not+RPraise is not pudding.Knowledge is not always a water that washes away vice.3、 S---RAmerica---the Melting Pot?Proverbs in conversation---torches in darkness.4、 S+R; /,/ /and/ S+RPoliteness is required in man; scent is required in a flower.A mirror is of no use to a blind man, nor knowledge to a man without discernment.A bird is known by its note and a man by his talk.5、 No S, no RNo bees, no honey; no work, no money. No pains, no gains.6、只出现R,不出现SA silver plate is rising up in the sky.The backbone of the team is over there.7、名词1+of+名词2Poor Joe lives in that match-box of a house.He is young, broad of back, full of vigor, ---really a giant of man.8、用动词表示Waves thundered against the rocks. 水浪猛烈地拍击着岩岸。
三、拟人法【Personification】1、把适应于“人”的动词、形容词来叙述、描写“物”And the sun looked over the mountain’s rim.Life has cheated her.Inflation has robbed him of his savings.2、把抽象的概念当作“人”写He is the flavored child of Fortune.Rest, Good Cheer, and Moderate Diet are the three best doctors.The clock on the wall ticked loudly and lazily, as if it had time to spare.Outside the rattling windows there was a restless whispering wind.The room grew light and dark, and wondrous light again, as the moon played hide-and seek through the clouds.3、把无形的“物”当作“人”写One day the sun and the wind had a quarrel.The wind sighed in the treetops.Laziness travels so slowly, that poverty soon overtakes him. 【B. Franklin】Liquor talks mighty loud when it gets loose from the jug.A lie can travel half away around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes. 【Twain】The twentieth century is only the nineteenth speaking with a slightly American accent.4、把有生“物”当作“人”写The bear said, “Don’t trust those who leave their friends the moment they get into difficulty.”5、把适用于“人”的称谓用于“物”,并用人称代词来指代它China will always do what she has promised to do.The “Victory” is due in tomorrow, isn’t she?四、夸张【Hyperbole】1、使用数词She is sitting here, but her mind is a hundred miles away.I beg you a thousand pardons.Today’s life is one thousan d times better than that of pre-liberation days.He will leave a bad name for ten thousand years.We enjoy every minute of the play.2、使用形容词和副词的最高级形式“I’m the happiest man in the world,” he whispered to himself.It is a most touching story.3、使用表示否定意义的词The confusion was indescribable.Guilin’s beauty is beyond praise.That’s an unlimited expanse of ocean.We will never parley; we will never negotiate.4、使用名词或名词重复He was confronted with a difficulty of difficulties.He committed the sin of sins.5、使用形容词The cost mounted to astronomical figures. a. 庞大的, 天文学的, 天文数字的He has an encyclopaedic knowledge of China. a. 百科全书的(各种学科的)6、使用动词Blood streams down from his forehead.Tanks thundered down the road.7、使用短语She shed a flood of tears.There is a world of differences between these two cities.8、借助其他修辞方式的夸张The news came like a bolt from the blue.五、曲言【Litotes or Understatement】1、轻描淡写( 用rather, quite, pretty, almost, a bit代替very )She’s rather good-looking. He has written quite a number of novels. My friend was a bit upset by his son’s death.She was a little annoyed when she found her valuable vase broken.2、用反说代替正说( 常用含蓄的否定的方式,常使用no, not, never, none, little, hardly 等)The man is no fool. He has no small chance of success. I couldn’t be happier.His teacher said he wasn’t very bright and that he wasn’t worth teaching.He conducted the experiment with no little enthusiasm. Similar mistakes are not uncommon.3、弦外之音( 婉转说法,用于代替直言不讳)The beauty of Guilin is more than I can describe.You should have been here earlier.六、委婉语【Euphemism】使用对方比较容易接受的词语或语句,来表达作者或说者真实的认识、态度和感情。