杨浦初中高中培训班新王牌教学资料 电路复习电路实验基础正稿

第十讲 简单串并联电路一、电路基础知识回顾1.把几个导体依次 相连，接入电路，这样的连接方式叫做 。

2.把几个导体的一端连在一起，另一端也连在一起，然后把这两端接入电路，这样的连接方式叫做 。

3.电流特点：串联电路各处的电流 ；并联电路总电流等于各支路电流 。

4.电压特点：串联电路两端的总电压等于各部分电路电压之 ；并联电路各部分电压与各支路电压 。

二、串联和并联电路特点1.串联电路：把导体依次首尾相连，就组成串联电路。

如图(1)串联电路中各处的电流处处相等n I I I I I ===== 321(2)串联电路的总电压 等于各部分电路两端电压之和n U U U U U ＋ +++=321 (3)串联电路的总电阻等于各个导体电阻之和n R R R R R ＋ +++=321 (4)串联电路中各个电阻两端电压跟它们的阻值成正比I R U R U R U R U nn ===== 2211 2. 并联电路：把几个导体并列地连接起来，就组成并联电路。

如图(1)并联电路各支路两端的电压相等n U U U U U ===== 321(2)并联电路中总电流等于各支路的电流之和n I I I I I ++++= 321(3)并联电路的总电阻的倒数等于各个导体电阻倒数之和nR R R R R 11111321＋ +++=(4)并联电路中通过各个电阻的电流跟它的阻值成反比n n R I R I R I R I IR ++++= 3322113.混联电路三、伏安特性曲线(I ‐U 图线) 1、伏安特性曲线(I ‐U 图线):导体中的电流I 随导体两端的电压U 变化的图线例1、给你三个阻值均为R 的电阻，你能设计出几种不同的连接方式？每种连接方式的总电阻分别为多少？例2、如图所示电路,当ab 两端接入100V 电压时,cd 两端为20V ,当cd 两端接入100V 电压时,ab 两端电压为50V ,则R 1:R 2:R 3为( )A.4:2:1B.2:1:1C.3:2:1D.以上都不对例3、如图所示电路中, R1=20Ω, R2=40Ω, R3=60Ω, R4=20Ω, R5=40Ω,则下列说法正确的是( )A.若U AB=140V,C、D端开路,则U CD=84VB.若U AB=140V,C、D端开路,则U CD=140VC.若U CD=104V,A、B端短路,则通过R1的电流为0.6AD.若U CD=104V,A、B端短路,则通过R3的电流为0.4A四、画等效电路:注意点：1.在电路图中导线电阻看作零,其长度可任意伸长和缩短,形状可任意改变.2.伏特表和安培表看作是理想电表(R V=∞,R A=0).画等效电路时,用导线将安培表短接,将伏特表摘除.3.有电流流过电阻,就有电势降落;电流没有流过电阻,这两点为等势点.方法：.电势法(结点法)(1)把电路中的电势相等的结点标上同样的字母.(2)把电路中的结点从电源正极出发按电势由高到低排列.(3)把原电路中的电阻接到相应的结点之间.(4)把原电路中的电表接入到相应位置.例4、画出等效电路图例5、画出等效电路图。

例题7.The situation in Iraq is so dangerous our government has _________ the worker ________there.A. forbidden, to goB. demanded, not to goC. kept, goingD. required, not going例题8.In our childhood, we were often _____ by our strict Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.A. demandedB. remindedC. allowedD. hoped44.Insist vt.1)Insist on doing2)My daughter insists on having dinner before 6 o’clock.3)Indians insist that they should not use paper in the toilet.4)Indians insist that using water is better than paper.例题1.The man insisted ________ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A.findB. to findC.on findingD.in finding例题2.The old man insisted that the young man ____ his money and ____ to the policeman.A.had stolen; be sentB. should steal; should be sentC. had stolen; was sentD. should steal; was sent45.reward vt.1)Mother rewarded me ______ an IPAD.2)I was rewarded _______ the good exam results.46.rewarding adj.1)The discussion between the United States and China has been rewarding.2)Papa gave me a camera and a lot of $$$ today. It is a rewarding day.47.Mean adj. Vt.1)In Venezuela, having a surgery means being positive towards life.2)With her beauty, Stefania was meant to be Miss Universe.3)Many people in Asia mean to go to Venezuela for better appearance every year.4)Some South American women are meant for the Venezuelan Beauty Pageant (选美比赛).5)They say Sousa is very mean to those girls.6)the means of …7)_____ means of …8)by all means9)by no means48.meanwhile adv. = in the meantime例题1.Your plan means __________ more money, while I mean __________ it.A. losing; changingB. losing; to changeC. to lose; changingD. to lose; to change例题2.高一完型：　In China, ranking (排名) students according to their examination as a means ofencouraging students to study harder.（）46．A. has used B. has been usedC. has treatedD. has looked on例题3.Student loan is supposed to provide financial support for people who would __not be able to go to college .A. thereforeB. meanwhileC. neverthelessD. otherwise例题4.Every possible means ____to prevent the air pollution ,but the sky is still not clear.A. is usedB. has been usedC. had been usedD. are used例题5.I'm sorry I didn't mean ________ you.A.hurtB. to hurtC. hurtingD. having hurt例题6.---Let's have a chat over the coming football matches,shall we?-----Sorry. I am tired,and I ______ going to bed.A.would likeB.meanC.intendD.feel like例题7.It's too late to go out now. ________, it's starting to rain.A.BesidesB. MeanwhileC. HoweverD. Anyhow例题8.Can you make a sentence to _____ the meaning of the phrase?A. show outB. bring outC. turn outD. work out例题9.In a way I can see what you mean, even though I don’t ______ your point of view.A. recognizeB. shareC. agreeD. permit例题10.He is in______control of the company. I mean, the company is in_____control of him.A. the; /B. /; theC. the; theD. /; /例题11.If you think that treating a woman well means always_______her permission for things, think again.A. getsB. gotC. to getD. getting例题12.----Can you tell me what the word mean?------Why don't you________it up in a dictionary.A.pickB.takeC.lookD.make例题13.All possible means ________ been taken to prevent the river ________.A.have; pollutingB. has; pollutedC. has; from pollutedD. have; being polluted例题14.Jim went to answer the phone. _______, Harry started to prepare lunch.A. HoweverB. NeverthelessC. BesidesD. Meanwhile二．阅读理解解题技巧阅读理解例题1.The researchers’ report said, “While more notes are beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears.”In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory, students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture. This time, the students who wrote notesby hand performed significantly better on the exam.23.The author of the passage aims to .A.examine the importance of long-term memoryB.stress the benefit of taking notes by handC.explain the process of taking notesD.promote the use of laptops例题2.These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.24. The passage is likely to appear in __.A. a newspaper advertisementB. a computer textbookC. a science magazineD. a finance report例题3.Nitrogen（氮）and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi（真菌）networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons（神经元）in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.30. “Mother trees” are extremely important because they .A.look the largest in size in the forestB.pass on nutrition to young treesC.seem more likely to be cut down by humansD.know more about the complex “tree societies”例题4.“We didn’t take any notice of it.” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.31.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to .A.how “tree societies” workB.how trees grow oldC.how forestry industry developsD.how young trees survive32.What would be the best title for the passage?_____A.Old Trees Communicate Like HumansB.Young Trees Are In Need Of ProtectionC.Trees Are More Awesome Than You ThinkD.Trees Contribute To Our Society例题5.With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them arestill awake after the first 10 minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas. Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.43. What docs the author stress in Paragraph 1? ________A. Many students are absent from class.B. Students are very tired on Monday mornings.C. Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.D. Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays.第7讲完型填空高中完型填空考察内容：1.完型填空高考话题：2010年：议论文2011年：经济类评论/议论2012年：新闻/人文类科技报道2013年：议论2014年：说明2.完型填空考查逻辑含义——需要用中文预判：例题:住的离公司近可以节约_______A.房租B.设施C.通讯D. 车费(2013闸北一模）Besides living near the work place is always welcome as it saves time and fares on __55__ .50.A.housing B. facilities munication D. transportation3.完型填空考查词汇：1）动词动词短语2）名词3）形容词4）副词5）独立的介词短语（2014年上海高考）52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour解题原则1.连词前后的对等关系：句子之间的关系不是并列就是转折：例题1.In spite of 40 winds and rough seas, Pickle made the voyage of more than 1, 000 miles in just over eight days....40．A．strong B．weak C．warm D．light例题2.The girl became increasingly worried about this, both when 46 and in her dreams.46. A. asleep B. away C. around D. awake完型选项的关系：例题3.David stepped out of the toilet and stopped in surprise —the library lights were off. The place was 29 . The doors had been shut.29.A.lonely B.empty C.noisy D.crowded例题4.She made it through the class．Perhaps she thanked the young man; she is not 51 ．51．A．interested B．doubtful C．puzzled D．Sure例题5.It wasn’t hard;she 32 every minute of it.32.A.disliked B.loved C.expected D.bored例题6.“What’s up?”I asked．He answered in 47 English,“I…I no get money to buy book．”47．A．old B．broken C．traditional D．modern例题7.Is my main idea or purpose _clear_ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the _____ that is, facts, opinions, inferences --- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many _unnecessary_ details that may confuse readers? （上海卷）A. angles B . evidence C . information D . hints例题8.Eleven-year-old Angela had something wrong with her nervous system．She was unable to 36 ．In fact,she could hardly make any 37 ．36．A．see B．hear C．talk D．walk 37．A．progress B．difference C．movement D．achievement例题9.We can hate waiting, 38 it or even get good at it! But one thing is certain --- we cannot avoid it．38．A．accept B．control C．change D．improve例题10.As well, children arc even taught that hurting other players is _ acceptable or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured. _59 , the media makes violence seem exciting. （上海卷）59. A. By contrast B. In additionC. As a resultD.After all例题11.Dr．Richardson never 33 her decision. 34 ,she was so pleased with May’s work that she later accepted two other deaf women as student nurses．33．A．regretted B．thought of C．liked D．believed34．A．In fact B．In a hurry C．In surprise D．In public例题12.Seeing that he had an 24 face, she let him in and gave him a nice treat. 24. A. interesting B. honest C. anxious D. angry例题13.When I took the first exam, I was shocked to find a 77, C-plus, on my test paper, 39 English was my best subject.39. A. but B. so C. for D. or例题14.I told her I would mess it up, 37 I had never worked at the bar before.37.A.because B.though C.until D.while例题15.The passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to the seats,settled in one of them. It had been a year since Susan became blind.A. touch B .grab C .count D .feel例题16.They continued to climb until they reached the old temple at the 49 of the mountain.49.A.tip B.back C.top D.bottom例题17.Children often do as much as what adults,particularly parents and teachers, expect of them.That is,tell a child he is “ 55 ,”and he may play the role of a foolish child.55.A.wise B.rude C.shy D.stupid例题18.I shrugged my shoulders.I thought my mother’s idea was a bad one,but I 43 .43.A.guessed B.obeyed C.begged D.admitted例题19.“What was he talking about!” Then I got it. I had set my trays on his wife’s orthopedic walker (助步器). I stood frozen as ice, but my face was 52 .52. A. cold B. full of joy C. pale D. on fire例题20.One day,Raul was miles away from the small ranch（牧场）house in a large valley．36 seemed to be all right,yet he felt strange and somewhat uneasy．36．A．Something B．Everything C．Anything D．Nothing例题21.44 he put on some warm clothes, it didn’t work, for there were too many of us.44. A. Since B. Once C. Whether D. Although例题22.Apparently, although no one wants to be 51 all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy.51. A. noisy B. alone C. personal D. sociable例题23.Although she believed that she had a 38 chance of recovering,the doctors said that few ,if any,could come back to normal after getting this disease．。

杨浦补习班新王牌教学资料预初讲义Step1知识检查默写和测试另附1.玩的开心，过得愉快（三种）2.为......做准备（两种）3.我们明天去野餐吧（六种）4.足够的钱5.寒冷的天气6.结冰的水7.保持安静8.这个标志什么意思？9.让某物留在某地10.追赶兔子11.在公交站台等我12.在入口处13.在左边14.禁止吸烟15.乘公共汽车去上学16.离......远17.半小时的步行18.游客19.邀请函20.到达Step2.作业点评详见上次讲义Step3同步知识学习Module 3 Unit 10 Healthy eating 单元重点1, 词性转换Health n. --------healthy a. -------------unhealthy a.---------------healthily ad. Usual a. ---------usually ad. -----------unusual a.Eat v. -----------eating n.Favor n.----------favorite a. suggest v. ----------suggestion n.Healthy diets food pyramidShow sb sth =show sth to sbShow me your photos= show your photos to meShow sb around sp show her around our school Live in the city in the countrysideHave an unhealthy diet work in the gardenDo some exercises = have sports do some exercisesHave lunch with sb stay with sbFor a few weeks become fit and healthy One…the other…as+adj/adv+asImprove eating habit drink a lot of waterTake turns do a quizGet right/ wrong should do /should not doToo much spicy food each correct answerHave some burgers for lunch go to bedWash your hands1)we need a little sugar ----------how much sugar do you want?2)We need plenty of vegetables ---------how many vegetables do you need?How much 提问不可数名词数量how many提问可数名词数量3)Your diet is healthier than my diet = My diet is not as healthy as your dietTom is taller than Jack= Jack isn’t as tall as TomJohn is fatter than Ben=4)形容词比较级，最高级的构成直接加--er –estSoft softer softest / few fewer fewest 以e结尾加---r, ----estLarge larger largest重读闭音节双写最后一个字母，加---er, ----estThin Thinner Thinnest / wet wetter wettestHot hotter hottest/ red redder reddestFat fatter fattest / big bigger biggest辅音加y 结尾的双音节，去y加---ier,---iestPretty prettier prettiest / healthy healthier healthiest多音节在前加---more --- mostmodern more modern most moderninteresting more interesting most interestingbeautiful more beautiful most beautiful5)副词比较级，最高级的构成Slowly more slowly most slowlyQuickly more quickly most quickly6)不规则比较级，最高级的构成原级比较级最高级Good/well better bestBad/badly worse worstLittle less leastFar farther/ further farthest/ furthestMany/much more mostOld older/elder oldest/eldest（四）用法原级So good too bad very clear quite importantRather difficult old enough as often as not as/so easy as比较级Bigger than much better far more useful even earlier Still greater a little longer better and betterMore and more important the earlier you get up, the healthier you are Who works harder, ben or kitty?最高级The fastest in our class the tallest of the threeThe second longest river one of the longest rivers among the best filmsWhich is the biggest ,the sun, the earth , or the moon?形容词副词同形Early fast hard late六年级(上)6AU10练习卷一姓名一Rewrite the sentences as required (根据要求改写句子)1．Selling flowers can make a lot of money.（改为否定句）Selling flowers make money.2.I have bought a little chocolate ice-cream. （划线提问）chocolate ice-cream you ?3.The 30th Olympic Games will be hosted in London in 2012. （划线提问）he 30th Olympic Games be hosted in 2012?4.In Canada there are a lot of beautiful mountains and lakes. (保持原句意思)Canada a lot of beautiful mountains and lakes.5. My uncle’s diet is healthier than your aunt’s. (改为一般疑问句)your uncle’s diet than your aunt’s?6. He likes dumplings best. (同义句转换)is dumplings?二Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.7.Your diet is (little) healthier than my diet.三Choose the right words or expressions to complete the sentence8. Ken is (as healthy as, a little) his brother.9. I came to school (as healthy as, a little) earlier this morning.10. (What; How) did you have for lunch yesterday?11. Eating too much salt is not (healthy; unhealthy).四Choose the best answer. (选择最恰当的答案)( ) 12. There is rice left. Lets buy some.A. someB. anyC. a littleD. little( ) 13. I don’t like rice dumplings with meat. I like sweet ones.A. saltB. saltyC. healthD. healthy( )14. –Would you like to have dinner with me tonight?-- .A. Yes, I’d love toB. Thank you all the sameC. You’re welcomeD. That’s allright( ) 15. Listening is as as speaking in language learningA. importantB. more importantC. most importantD. the most important( ) 16. How many and how much do you need?A. beef; orangeB. orange; waterC. juice; milkD. oranges; fish( ) 17. –May I have hamburgers?--I’m sorry. We don’t have hamburgers here.A. some; someB. any; someC. some; anyD. any; any( )18. –Is this your shoe?--Yes, it is, but where is ?A. the othersB. other oneC. anotherD. the other one五Cloze test (完型填空)AWho Are You?(Mary is six years old. It's nine o'clock at night. Mary is going home.)Mary is w 19 home this evening. Suddenly she f 20 a girl is behind her. She runs, the girl runs. She stops, the girl stops, too. "Who are you? What are you doing?" Mary asks. There is no a 21 . Mary begins to run. "Don't run a 22 me. Go away." The girl is still after her. She shouts. "Help! Help!" Mary runs back home."Dad, h 23 me, there is a girl behind me. You see." Father takes a look and smiles."Mary, don't w 24 . The girl is you. That is your shadow."19. 20 21.22. 23. 24.BBob goes to a n 25 school. One day he c 26 back . "Bob, do you like your new teacher?" his mother asks."I don't like her, Mother. B 27 first she says that three and three is six, and then she says that two and four is six, too."25. 26. 27.六Fill in the blanks with proper forms of the given wordspack work finish listen go move talk be28. Michael often his homework before nine o’clock every evening.29. My mother in a shop. She at work now.30. –Where are Ken and Kitty?--They their things in the room. They into a new flat this Sunday.31. The teacher now. Let’s to her.32. I think they to Yinfa Home for the aged next week.六年级(上)6AU10练习卷二姓名一Rewrite the sentences as required (根据要求改写句子)1．Tom didn’t run so fast as Jim.（改为肯定句）Tom ran fast Jim.5.You shouldn’t keep the knife in your right hand.（改为祁使问）the knife in your right hand.6.Ms. Gao teaches us how to play velleyball. （保持原句意思）We how to play volleyball Ms. Gao.7.My favourite school day is Wednesday. What’s yours? (保持原句意思)I like Wednesday best. you?二Choose the best answer. (选择最恰当的答案)( ) 5. After class I have gymnastics two hours.A. withB. aboutC. forD. at( ) 6. –What did Lucy do last night?--She too many snacks.A. eatsB. drinksC. ateD. had( ) 7. They always sell their clothes at a very price.A. bigB. tallC. highD. well( ) 8. your brother and you any question?A. Do; hasB. Do; haveC. Does; haveD. Does; has三Fill in the blanks with proper forms of the given wordshave one work they want flower happyswim people familyJohnson likes 9 in a small river near his house. But then his father goes to 10 in a big city and Johnson goes with his 11 . Their new house 12 a garden, but the garden is very small. Johnson is not very glad.―Is there a river near the house?‖ he asks his father on the 13 morning .‖ No, there isn’t . But there is a big park with many 14 near here. And there’s a pool in it. ―We are going there this afternoon.‖ says his father. Johnson is15 . Johnson and his father go to the park in the afternoon. Johnson 16 to walk near the pool. But he sees a sign. His father reads it to him: ―Warning（警告）This pool is dangerous. 362 17 fell(掉) into it. ‖Johnson looks into the pool carefully, then he says ,―I can’t see18 . ‖9. 10. 11. 12.13. 14 15.16. 17. 18.五Cloze test (完型填空)AThe summer vacation is over. It's true that time 19 flies fast. During the vacation, the weather was hot and I could not do much work, but I lived happily.As the afternoon was hot,I did my work in the 20.I used to get up at 6: 30 and take a walk in the garden for 21 . After breakfast at 7 o’clock, I began reading English and Chinese and did some exercises in maths. Those took me three hours or more. 1 worked quite 22 and made good progress.I spent the afternoon outside. 1 went to swim and it was funny. I would not go home until it was about five or six o'clock. Sometimes a friend would come to see me and we would spend some hours listening to music.In this way l spent my vacation 23 . And I not only studied well but also became a good swimmer. Now I am in good health and high spirits.( )19. A. never B. some time C. always D. usual( )20.A. morning B. evening C. night D. noon( )21. A. 10 minutes B. half an hourC. an hourD. 15 minutes( )22. A. good B. well C. much D.hard( )23. A. fine B. happily C. quick D. badlyBI’m Steven. There is a big g 24 around my house. We can get a lot of honey from the garden b 25 there are a lot of flowers in it, and the bees make their honey from these flowers. We often sell the honey in the market and we can make some m 26 . Sometimes we give our honey to our neighbours. We never b 27 any honey or jam in the shops. Mum makes all our jam from the fruit in our garden. It tastes much b 28 than the jam from shops. I love it so much.24. 25. 26.27. 28CLast year l went to America. I stayed there f__29__ half a year. I found most Americans had three meals a day. They had b 30 in the morning, a light lunch at noon, and a big dinner in the evening. They often had breakfast and lunch in a hurry, but they had m 31 time for dinner. Americans usually drink a lot of w 32 ,a lot of milk, and a lot of coffee, but they don’t d 33 much tea.29. 30. 31.32. 33六年级(上)6AU10练习卷一参考答案1．mustn’t any2. How much have bought3. Where will4. has5. Is healthier6. His favourite food7. less8. as healthy as9. a little10. What11. healthy12—18. D B A A D C D19. walking 20. finds 21. answer22. after 23. help 24. worry25. new 26. comes 27. because28. finishes 29. works; is30. are packing; will move31. is talking; listen32. will go六年级(上)6AU10练习卷二参考答案1．less than 2. Don’t keep 3. learn from 4. What about 5—8. C D C B9. swimming 10. work 11. family 12. has 13. first 14. flowers 15. happy 16．Wants 17．people 18．Them19--23. D A B D B 24. garden 25. because 26. money 27. buy 28. better 29. for30. breakfast 31. much 32.water 33. drink。

新王牌2014年秋季班高中物理课时计划高一物理课时计划第1讲直线运动（1）——描述运动的基础概念第2讲直线运动（2）——匀变速直线运动规律第3讲直线运动（3）——运动图像问题第4讲直线运动（4）——追击和相遇问题第5讲直线运动（5）——自由落体运动第6讲直线运动（6）——单元总结与测试第7讲力物体的平衡（1）——生活中常见的力第8讲力物体的平衡（2）——受力分析专题第9讲力物体的平衡（3）——力的合成与分解第10讲期中复习与测试第11讲力物体的平衡（4）——共点力的平衡第12讲力物体的平衡（5）——单元总结与测试第13讲牛顿运动定律（1）——牛顿第一定律第14讲牛顿运动定律（2）——牛顿第二定律第15讲牛顿运动定律（3）——力学单位制牛顿第三定律第16讲牛顿运动定律（4）——牛顿第二定律的应用第17讲牛顿运动定律（5）——单元总结与测试第18讲期末复习与测试第1讲内能能量守恒定律第2讲电场（1）——电荷电荷的相互作用第3讲电场（2）——电场强度电场线第4讲电场（3）——电势等势面第5讲电场单元与测试第6讲电路（1）——串联和并联电路第7讲电路（2）——电功电功率第8讲期中复习与测试第9讲电路（3）——闭合电路的欧姆定律第10讲电路（4）——多用表第11讲电路（5）——逻辑电路第12讲电路（6）——电路实验第13讲单元总结与测试第14讲磁场（1）——磁场磁感应强度磁通量第15讲磁场（2）——磁场对电流的作用第16讲磁场（3）——磁场实验第17讲磁场（4）——单元总结与测试第18讲期末复习与测试第1讲力学综合复习第2讲电场（1）——库仑定律第3讲电场（2）——电场力的性质第4讲电场（3）——电场能的性质第5讲电路（1）——电路的基础知识第6讲电路（2）——闭合电路的欧姆定律第7讲电路（3）——闭合电路中的能量转换第8讲电路（4）——简单的逻辑电路第9讲磁场（1）——磁场的基本概念第10讲磁场（2）——磁场对电流的作用第11讲电磁感应（1）——电磁感应现象楞次定律第12讲电磁感应（2）——法拉第电磁感应定律第13讲电磁感应（3）——电磁感应的综合问题第14讲热学（1）——分子动理论内能第15讲热学（2）——气体的状态参量气体的等温变化第16讲热学（3）——气体的等容和等压变化第17讲热学（4）——理想气体状态方程第18讲期末综合训练。

串联电路故障一、串联电路 故障推现象：断路： 短路：例题：1、如图1所示的电路中，闭合电键S ，灯L 不亮，电压表V 无示数。

若电路中各处均接触良好，除灯L 和电阻R 中的某一个外，其余元件均完好，则下列判断中正确的是（ ） A 、一定是电阻R 短路，电流表的示数变大。

B 、可能是电阻R 断路，电流表的示数变小。

C 、一定是灯L 断路，电流表的示数变小。

D 、可能是灯L 短路，电流表的示数变大。

2、如图2所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变。

闭合电键S ，电路正常工作。

过了一会儿，灯L 熄灭，两个电表中只有一个电表的示数变大，则下列判断中正确的是( ) A 、一定是灯L 断路，电流表的示数变小。

B 、可能是灯L 短路，电压表的示数变大。

C 、一定是电阻R 断路，电流表的示数变小。

D 、可能是电阻R 短路，电压表的示数变大。

3、如图3所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变。

闭合电键S 后，电路正常工作。

过了一会儿，三个电表中有一个电表的示数变大、一个电表的示数变小，则下列判断中正确的是（ ） A 、电流表A 示数可能变小，灯L 一定熄灭。

B 、电流表A 示数一定变大，灯L 可能熄灭。

C 、电压表V 2示数可能变大，灯L 可能熄灭。

D 、电压表V 2示数一定变小，灯L 一定熄灭。

4、在图所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变，当电键S 闭合后，发现电路中只有一个电表的示数为零，接着无论怎样移动滑动变阻器R 2的滑片P ，两电表的示数均不发生变化，则 （） A 、电阻R 1断路。

B 、电阻R 1短路。

C 、变阻器R 2断路。

D 、变阻器R 2短路。

5、如图2所示，电源电压保持不变，当电键S 闭合后，发现灯不发光。

已知电路中只有一处故障，且只发生在L 或R 上，则 ( )A ．用电压表并联在L 两端，发现电压表无示数，故障一定是L 短路B ．用电压表并联在L 两端，发现电压表有示数，故障一定是L 断路C ．用电压表并联在R 两端，发现电压表无示数，故障一定是R 短路D ．用电压表并联在R 两端，发现电压表有示数，故障一定是R 断路 巩固练习219、在如图所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变。

电路复习第一讲电流电阻电功电功率知识梳理知识点一、电流(1)形成的条件：导体中有自由电荷；导体两端存在电压。

(2)标矢性：电流是标量，正电荷定向移动的方向规定为电流的方向。

(3)两个表达式：①定义式：I＝qt；②决定式：I＝U R。

知识点二、欧姆定律(1)内容：导体中的电流跟导体两端的电压成正比，跟导体的电阻成反比。

(2)表达式：I＝UR。

(3)适用范围：金属导电和电解液导电，不适用于气体导电或半导体元件。

(4)导体的伏安特性曲线(I­U)图线比较电阻的大小：图线的斜率k＝tanθ＝IU＝1R，图中R1>R2(填“>”、“<”或“＝”)；知识点三、电功、电功率、焦耳定律1.电功(1)定义：导体中的自由电荷在电场力作用下定向移动，电场力做的功称为电功。

(2)公式：W＝qU＝IUt。

(3)电流做功的实质：电能转化成其他形式能的过程。

2.电功率(1)定义：单位时间内电流做的功，表示电流做功的快慢。

(2)公式：P＝Wt＝IU。

3.焦耳定律(1)电热：电流流过一段导体时产生的热量。

(2)计算式：Q＝I2Rt。

4.热功率(1)定义：单位时间内的发热量。

(2)表达式：P＝Qt＝I2R。

[思考](1)电流既有大小又有方向，所以它的运算应遵循平行四边形定则，是矢量。

这句话对吗？(2)公式P＝UI、P＝Wt W＝UIt、Q＝I2Rt适用于哪些电路？基础自测1．有甲、乙两个由同种金属材料制成的导体，甲的横截面积是乙的两倍，而单位时间内通过导体横截面的电荷量乙是甲的两倍，以下说法中正确的是()A ．甲、乙两导体的电流相同B ．乙导体的电流是甲导体的两倍C ．乙导体中自由电荷定向移动的速率是甲导体的两倍D ．甲、乙两导体中自由电荷定向移动的速率大小相等解析：选B 由I ＝ΔqΔt 可知，I 乙＝2I 甲，B 正确，A 错误；由I ＝nvSq 可知，同种金属材料制成的导体，n 相同，因S 甲＝2S 乙，故v 甲∶v 乙＝1∶4，C 、D 错误。

高三电路等级考训练一、单选题1.如图所示的电路中，电池的电动势为E，内阻为r，电路中的电阻R1、R2和R3为定值电阻。

在电键S1处于闭合状态下，若将电键S2由位置1切换到位置2，则（）A．电压表的示数变大B．电池内部消耗的功率变大C．电阻R3的功率变小D．电池的效率变大2.R1为定值电阻，R2为滑动变阻器，2个电阻采用如图（a）方式接在电动势为E，内阻为r 的电源上，利用电压传感器和电流传感器研究R2上的电压与电流变化关系。

当自上向下滑动R2上的滑片时，通过数据采集器将电压与电流信号输入计算机后，在屏幕上得到的U-I 图像应为右图中的（）3.如图所示电路中，电表a、b、c均有正常示数（电表都为理想电表），在滑动变阻器滑片向下移动过程中，a、b、c三只电表中，则（）(A)a的示数将变大，b的示数将变大，c的示数将变小．(B)a的示数将变小，b的示数将变大，c的示数将变大．(C)a的示数将变小，b的示数将变小，c的示数将变大．(D)a的示数将变小，b的示数将变小，c的示数将变小．4．某种位移传感器的工作原理如图(a)所示，物体M在导轨上平移时，带动滑动变阻器的滑片P一起平移，通过理想电压表的示数来反映物体M的位移x。

已知电源电动势为E，内阻不计，滑动变阻器的总长为L，物体M以O为平衡位置做简谐运动（取向右为正方向），L，物体经过O时P恰好位于滑动变阻器的中点。

若电压表的示数U随时间t的变振幅为2化关系如图(b)所示，则在图示0—t1时间内，下列说法正确的是（）A．物体M的速度为正方向且不断增大B．物体M的速度为负方向且不断减小C．物体M的加速度为正方向且不断增大D．物体M的加速度为负方向且不断减小5．如图所示，电源的电动势和内阻分别为E 、r ，在滑动变阻器的滑片P 由a 向b 移动的过程中，理想电流表、理想电压表的示数变化情况为（）（A ）电流表示数一直减小，电压表示数先增大后减小（B ）电流表示数先增大后减小，电压表示数先减小后增大（C ）电流表示数先减小后增大，电压表示数一直增大（D ）电流表示数一直增大，电压表示数一直减小6．在如图所示的电路中，已知电阻R 1的阻值小于滑动变阻器R 0的最大阻值。

专题一生命的基础（物质、结构）4、细胞中的主要能源物质——糖类（1）糖类的分类及其功能元素的组成：C、H、O核糖RNA成分五碳糖脱氧核糖DNA成分单糖：葡萄糖光合作用产物，能源物质六碳糖果糖能源物质半乳糖是组成乳糖的单体麦芽糖1葡萄糖+1葡萄糖发芽的小麦中植物特有二糖：蔗糖1葡萄糖+1果糖甘蔗、甜菜乳糖1半乳糖+1葡萄糖动物乳汁动物特有淀粉储能物质植物特有多糖：纤维素结构多糖，植物细胞壁的基本组成成分肝糖原储存能量，调节血糖糖原动物特有肌糖原无氧呼吸，氧化分解时为肌肉提供能量（2）还原糖的鉴定及检测班氏试剂：取柠檬酸钠86.5g和无水碳酸钠50g加入1000ml锥形瓶中，加水350ml，加热至溶解。

另取100ml锥形瓶加入硫酸铜8.65g，加水约50ml，加热溶解。

待二者冷却至室温，将硫酸铜溶液慢慢倒入前液，随时搅匀，并补足水量至500ml。

实验原理：还原糖具有还原性的醛基，在碱性溶液中能将Cu2+还原成Cu+，Cu+再与OH—合成黄色的CuOH，加热后，即生成CuO砖红色沉淀。

实验操作：在沸水浴加热，可观察到溶液开始为蓝色，后来出现黄绿色、土黄色或砖红色沉淀。

实验材料选择：易于获得的富含还原糖的一些颜色白色或近无色的果肉，比如梨。

（3）常见的一些还原糖葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖例题5.下列各种糖类物质中，既存在于动物细胞内又存在于植物细胞内的是A．淀粉和核糖B．葡萄糖、核糖和麦芽糖C．核糖、脱氧核糖和葡萄糖D．糖原、乳糖、蔗糖变式.下列叙述中，属于淀粉、纤维素和糖原共同特征的是A．都是细胞内贮存能量的物质B．可以同时存在于同一细胞内C．基本组成单位都是六碳糖D．都含有C、H、O、N四种元素。

第四讲闭合电路欧姆定律应用【典型例题】例1．如图所示，将变阻器R 0的动头P 向右滑动时，分析各电表示数如何变化？例2．某同学将一直流电源的总功率P E 、输出功率P R 和电源内部的发热功率P r 随电流I 变化的图线画在了同一坐标上，如右图中的a 、b 、c 所示，根据图线可知（）A 、反映P r 变化的图线是cB 、电源电动势为8vC 、电源内阻为2ΩD 、当电流为0.5A 时，外电路的电阻为6Ω例3．如图的电路中，电池组的电动势E=30v ，电阻R 2=10欧姆,两个水平放置的带电金属板间的距离的d=1.5cm,在金属板间的匀强电场中，有一质量为m=7×10-5克带电量q=-5×10-10库仑的油滴，当把可变电阻器R 3的阻值调到35欧姆接入电路时，带电油滴恰好静止悬浮在电场中，此时安培表示数I=1.5安培，试求：（1）两金属板间的电场强度；（2）B 点的电势；（3）电阻R 1通电10秒钟产生的热量；（4）要使电池组的输出功率为62.5瓦特，应把R 3的阻值调到多大？例4．在如图所示电路中，闭合电键S ，当滑动变阻器的滑动触头P 向下滑动时，四个理想电表的示数都发生变化，电表的示数分别用I 、U 1、U 2和U 3表示，电表示数变化量的大小分别用ΔI 、ΔU 1、ΔU 2和ΔU 3表示．下列比值正确的是（）（A ）U 1/I 不变，ΔU 1/ΔI 不变．（B ）U 2/I 变大，ΔU 2/ΔI 变大．（C ）U 2/I 变大，ΔU 2/ΔI 不变．（D ）U 3/I 变大，ΔU 3/ΔI 不变．WP /AI /082abc 14例5．如图甲所示电路,当变阻器的滑动片从一端滑到另一端的过程中两电压表的读数随电流表读数的变化情况如图乙中的AC、BC两直线所示,不考虑电表对电路的影响.（1）电压表V1、V2的示数随电流表示数的变化图象应分别为U—I图象中哪一条直线?（2）定值电阻R0、变阻器的总电阻分别为多少?（3）试求出电源的电动势和内阻.（4）变阻器滑动片从一端滑到另一端的过程中,变阻器消耗的最大电功率为多少?例6．如右图所示,电源由n个电动势均为1.5V,且内阻相同的电池串联组成,合上开关S,变阻器的滑动头C从A端滑至B端的过程中,电路中的一些物理量的变化由下图甲、乙、丙三个图给出,电表、导线对电路的影响不计.求:（1）组成电源的串联电池的个数.（2）变阻器总阻值.（3）将甲、乙、丙三个图上的a、b、c、d各点的坐标补齐.（甲图为输出功率与路端电压关系曲线;乙图为路端电压与总电流关系曲线;丙图为电源的效率与外电路电阻关系曲线）【强化训练】1．电源电动势的大小反映的是（）A ．电源把电能转化为其他形式的能的本领的大小B ．电源把其他形式的能转化为电能的本领的大小C ．电源在单位时间内传送电荷量的多少D ．电流做功的快慢2．关于电动势，下列说法正确的是（）A ．电源两极间的电压等于电源电动势B ．电动势越大的电源，将其他形式的能转化为电能的本领越大C ．电源电动势的数值等于内、外电压之和D ．电源电动势与外电路的组成无关3．如图所示的电路中，电源E 的电动势为3.2V ，电阻R 的阻值为30Ω，小灯泡L 的额定电压3.0V ，额定功率4.5W ，当开关S 按位置1时，电压表的读数为3V ，那么当开关S 接到位置2时，小灯泡L 的发光情况是（）A ．很暗，甚至不亮B ．正常发光C ．比正常发光略亮D ．有可能被烧坏4．如图所示电路中，平行金属板水平放置，板间有一质量为m 的带电油滴悬浮在两板间静止不动。