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专题非谓语动词02-05高考题组1. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ____ their products more competitive.A. to makeB. makingC. to have madeD. having made2. In some parts of London, missing a bus means ____ for another hour.A. waitingB. to waitC. waitD. to be waiting3. When ____, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. completedB. completingC. being completedD. to be completed4. With a lot of difficult problems____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled5. The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it.A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun6. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ____ whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen7. Prices of daily goods ____ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying8. Mr. Smith, ____ of the ____ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boringB. tiring; boredC. tired; boredD. tiring; boring9. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked10. The teacher asked us ____ so much noise.A. don’t makeB. not makeC. not makingD. not to make11. ____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.A. Having givenB. To giveC. GivingD. Given12. It is believed that if a book is ____, it will surely ____ the reader.A. interested; interestB. interesting; be interestedC. interested; be interestingD. interesting; interest13. The discovery of new evidence led to ____.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught14. Generally speaking, ____ according to the directions, the drug has no side.A. when takingB. when takenC. when to takeD. when to be taken 15. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ____ clear warnings before firing any shots.A. to issueB. being issueC. to have issuedD. to be issued16. He looked around and caught a man ____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting17. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ____?A. to be buyingB. to buyC. for buyingD. bought18. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____ as the plane was making a landing.A. seatB. seatingC. seatedD. to be seating19. Victor apologized for ____ to inform me of the change in the plan.A. his being not ableB. him not to be ableC. his not being ableD. him not to be able20. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, ____.A. exhaustingB. exhaustedC. being exhaustedD. having exhausted21. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ____ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods.A. seizing; disappearedB. seized; disappearedC. seizing; disappearingD. seized; disappearing22. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to ____ before the party.A. get changedB. get changeC. get changingD. get to change23. My advisor encouraged ____ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me takingB. me takingC. for me to takeD. me to take24. ____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A. To waitB. Have waitedC. Having waitedD. To have waited25. Don’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth.A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run26. The flu is believed ____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A. causingB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have caused27. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt28. The disc, digitally ____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.A. recordedB. recordingC. to be recordedD. having recorded29. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ____.A. worriedB. to worryC. worryingD. worry30. ____ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A. Not completingB. Not completedC. Not having completedD. Having not completed31. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ____ it—you’ve got some big bills coming.A. forgetB. forgotC. forgettingD. to forget32. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ____ the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told33. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ____ the exam.A. passB. to passC. passedD. passing34. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M.A. knowingB. knownC. being knownD. to be known35. The man insisted ____ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A. findB. to findC. on findingD. in finding36. The old man, ____ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to workB. workingC. to have workedD. having worked37. You were silly not ____ your car.A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lockingD. having locked38. ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.A. CompareB. When comparingC. ComparingD. When compared39. I don’t know whether you happen ____, but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September.A. to be heardB. to be hearingC. to hearD. to have heard40. ____ by the beauty of the nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.A. AttractingB. AttractedC. To be attractedD. Having attracted41. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ____ TV.A. to watchB. to watchingC. watchingD. watch42. Having been attacked by terrorists, ____.A. doctors came to their rescueB. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was takenD. warnings were given to tourists43. Helen had to shout ____ above the sound of music.A. making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heardD. to make herself heard44. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ____ in your mind instead of before your eyes.A. to formB. formC. formingD. having formed45. When first ____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introducingB. introducedC. introduceD. being introduced46. ―We can’t go out in this weather,‖ said Bob, ____ out of the window.A. lookingB. to lookC. lookedD. having looked47. ____ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. To faceB. Having facedC. FacedD. Facing48. The storm left, ____ a lot of damage to this area.A. causedB. to have caused D. to caused D. having caused49. ____, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.A. General speakingB. Speaking generalC. Generally speakingD. Speaking generally50. While watching television, ____.A. the doorbell rangB. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the door rings51. ―You can’t catch me!‖ Janet shouted, ____ away.A. runB. runningC. to runD. ran52. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ____ the answers ready will be of great help.A. To have hadB. Having hadC. HaveD. Having53. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ____ at the party, but not ____.A. to arrive; leavingB. to arrive; to leaveC. arriving; leavingD. arriving; to leave54. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses ____ vacation to China.A. payingB. paidC. to be paidD. being paid55. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ____.A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on56. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ____ often enough.A. explainingB. to explainC. explainD. explained57. I don’t want ____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.A. to soundB. to be soundedC. soundingD. to have sounded58. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ____ the good opportunity.A. to loseB. losingC. to be lostD. being lost59. ____ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.A. PutB. PuttingC. Having putD. Being put60. It was unbelievable that fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports stars.A. hadB. havingC. to haveD. have61. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ____ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.A. takingB. takenC. having takenD. having been taken62. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ____ down to eat our picnic lunch.A. sittingB. having satC. to sitD. sat63. –What should I do with this passage?–____ the main idea of each paragraph.A.Finding outB. Found outC. Find outD. To find out64. He glanced over at her, ____ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.A. notingB. notedC. to notedD. having noted65. He hurried to the station only ____ that the train had left.A. to findB. findingC. foundD. to have found66. –Can the project be finished as planed?–Sure, ____ it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.A. having gotB. to getC. gettingD. get67. When ____ help, one often says ―Thank you.‖ or ―It’s kind of you.‖A. offeringB. to offerC. to be offeredD. offered68. ____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A. DressedB. To dressC. DressingD. Having dressed69. I send you $100 today, the rest ____ in a year.A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed70. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ____.A. to spendB. spentC. being spentD. spending71. ____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To be separated 72. The manager, ____ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.A. who has madeB. having madeC. madeD. making73. ____ more about university courses, call (920)746-3789.A. To find outB. Finding outC. Find outD. Having found out74. I really can’t understand ____ her like that.A. you treatB. you to treatC. why treatD. you treating75. –Is Bob still performing?–I’m afraid not. He is said ____ the stage already as he has become an official.A. to have leftB. to leaveC. to have been leftD. to be left76. ____ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lostB. LostC. Being lostD. Losing77. Oil prices have risen by 32% since the start of the year, ____ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reachedB. reachingC. to reachD. to be reaching78. All these gifts must be mailed immediately ____ in time for Christmas.A. in order to have receivedB. in order to receiveC. so as to be receivedD. so as to be receiving79. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, ____ fun.A. hadB. haveC. to haveD. having06年高考题组1. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, ____ that all children like these things.A. thinkingB. thinkC. to thinkD. thought2. ____ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.A. SurprisingB. SurprisedC. Being surprisedD. To be surprising3. There have been several new events ____ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympics Games.A. addB. to addC. addingD. added4. I can’t stand ____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ____ talking while she works.A. working; stoppingB. to work; stoppingC. working; to stopD. to work; to stop5. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left ____.A. unsatisfiedB. unsatisfyingC. to be unsatisfyingD. being satisfied6. Isn’t it time you got down to ____ the papers?A. markB. be markedC. being markedD. marking7. No matter how frequently ____, the words of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A. performedB. performingC. to be performedD. being performed8. ____ this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.A. Having madeB. MakeC. To makeD. Making9. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ____ the desert.A. coveringB. coveredC. coverD. to cover10. If you think that treating a woman well means always ____ her permissions for things, think again.A. getsB. gotC. to getD. getting11. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting ____.A. to useB. to be usedC. to have usedD. to be using12. After he became conscious, he remembered ____ and ____ on the head with a rod.A. to attack; hitB. to be attacked; to be hitC. attacking; be hitD. having been attacked; hit13. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness ____.A. to makeB. to be madeC. makingD. being made14. ____ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.A. BlamingB. BlamedC. To blameD. To be blamed15. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ____ in Beijing in 2008.A. holdB. holdingC. heldD. to be held16. ____ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.A. FacedB. FaceC. FacingD. To face17. AIDS is said ____ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.A. that it isB. to beC. that it has beenD. to have been18. Don’t sit there ____ nothing. Come and help me with this table.A. doB. to doC. doingD. and doing19. When ____ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A. comparedB. being comparedC. comparingD. having compared20. It remains ____ whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals.A. seenB. to be seenC. seeingD. to see21. My cousin came to see me from the country, ____ me a full basket of fresh fruits.A. broughtB. bringingC. to bringD. had brought22. Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one ____.A. blamedB. blamingC. to blameD. to be blamed23. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ____ the same thong.A. sayingB. saidC. to sayD. having said24. –There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.–My goodness! I can’t imagine ____ that old.A. to beB. to have beenC. beingD. having been25. It is difficult to imagine his ____ the decision without any consideration.A. acceptB. acceptingC. to acceptD. accepted26. Faced with a bill for $10,000, ____.A. John has taken an extra jobB. the boss has given John an extra jobC. an extra job has been takenD. an extra job has been given to John27. He hurried to the booking office only ____ that all the tickets had been sold out.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told28. Five people won the ―China’s Green Figure‖ award, a title ____ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.A. being givenB. is givenC. givenD. was given29. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.A. have been missingB. have got lostC. be missingD. get lost30. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school, most ____ were from Germany.A. study; of whomB. study; of themC. studying; of themD. studying; of them清单一非谓语动词的句法功能清单二分词、不定式作宾补的的用法要点一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别1. 感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice等和使役动词have后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。

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非谓语的分类

非谓语的分类

非谓语的分类1. 哎呀呀，非谓语里有一种叫不定式呀！就像“To love is a beautiful thing.（去爱是一件美好的事。

）”，这里的“To love”就是不定式呢，它就像一个充满期待的计划，准备去大显身手一番！2. 嘿，还有动名词呢！比如说“Swimming is my favorite sport.（游泳是我最喜欢的运动。

）”，“swimming”在这里就是动名词呀，它像是一个持续进行的活动，可有意思啦！3. 哇塞，分词也不能落下呀！像“Smiling happily, she walked into the room.（开心地笑着，她走进了房间。

）”中的“Smiling happily”就是现在分词呢，它仿佛是对当时情景的生动描绘，是不是很神奇呀！4. 想一想，过去分词也很特别哟！比如“The book written by him is very popular.（他写的那本书很受欢迎。

）”，“written by him”这个过去分词就像是给这本书打上了一个特别的标签呢！5. 不定式不是还可以作主语嘛！就像“To succeed needs ha rd work.（要成功需要努力工作。

）”，它在这里可是肩负起了重大责任呢！6. 动名词作宾语也很常见呀！比如“He enjoys reading.（他喜欢阅读。

）”，“reading”这个动名词就成了他喜欢的事儿呢！7. 再看看分词作定语，像“The stolen bike was found at last.（被偷的自行车最后被找到了。

）”，“stolen”把那辆自行车的特征展现得淋漓尽致呀！8. 过去分词还能作状语呢！就像“Seen from the top of the hill, the c ity looks beautiful.（从山顶上看，这座城市看起来很漂亮。

）”，多妙呀！我觉得非谓语的分类真的好丰富好有趣呀，掌握了它们，能让我们的英语表达更加丰富多彩呢！。

常用非谓语用法大总结

常用非谓语用法大总结

非谓语用法总结一、非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。

二、非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。

其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。

具体如下：1.不定式（1）基本形式：to do 表示主动，并且一般表示将来（2）被动式：to be done 表示被动,并且一般表示将来(3）进行式:to be doing 表示主动和进行（4)完成时:to have done 表示主动和完成（5）完成被动式：to have been done 表示被动和完成（6）完成进行式：to have been doing 表示主动和完成进行2。

动名词（1）基本形式：doing 表示主动（2）被动式：being done 表示被动（3)完成式：having done 表示主动和完成（4）完成被动式：having been done 表示被动和完成3.现在分词（1）基本形式：doing 表示主动和进行（2）被动式：being done 表示被动和进行(3）完成式：having done 表示主动和完成（4)完成被动式：having been done 表示被动和完成4.过去分词(1）done，及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；（2）不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成三、专题要点非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下:1。

动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语；2。

只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语;3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词；4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语；5。

不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别；6。

不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别；7。

不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别；8。

动名词的复合结构在句中作状语；9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式；10.独立主格结构在句中作状语；11。

非谓语的用法总结

非谓语的用法总结

非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词,在句中都不能单独作谓语.但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语,构成非谓语动词短语.不定式表目的,表将来；动名词表主动,表进行；过去分词表被动,表完成. 一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数)1）不定式、动名词都可做主语,但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作,可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作.如：Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险.（泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险.2）用动名词做主语的句型:It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间It is worth doing sth 值得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的.3）不定式做主语的句型.It is + adj +for sb to do sth.比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel/wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时.It is silly of you to say so.It is important for us to learn English well.It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language.4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语.如：When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢.Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题.5）一般情况下,不定式和动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式.如： Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实.. Planting flowers needs constant watering.但and连接的多个动名词作主语,谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致,谓语一般用单数）.如：Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的.6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构.如：----- What made him angry------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late（made him angry.7）过去分词不能单独做主语,前面必须加上being,构成动名词,做主语.如：.Being examined twice a year , whether it is a car, a bus or a truck,.经典练习：1.It’s important for the figures_________ (update) regularly.2.No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better ______(remain) silent.3.It’s really stupid of you _______ （tell）him the news yesterdayso it has been disturbing him all the time.4.___________(understand)your own needs and styles of communicationis as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.5.__________(worry) about your grades doesn’t help.6.The engine just won’t start. Something seems _____ (go) wrong withit.参考答案：1. to update 2. to remain 3. to have told 4.understanding 5. worrying go改错题：一个句子最多有一处错误1. It’s standard practice for a company like this one employ a security officer.2. Hear how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.3. Know basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.4. Do well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place at university.told us whether have a picnic was still under discussion.prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.参考答案：1. 在employ前加to 2. Hear 改为Hearing 3. Know 改为Knowing4. Do 改为Doing5. have 前加to6. prevent 前加to.二.作定语1）作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面需要有相应的介词,如：The Browns have a comfortable house to live in2) 用不定式作定语的几种情况：a. 不定式表将来如：The car to be bought is for his sister.b. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any,the only 等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系, 如：He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.c. 有些名词的同根词常跟不定式,因而它们也常跟不定式做定语,常见的有：promise, plan, attempt, offer, decision, refusal, failure, ability, chance, warning, anxiety, eagerness, willingness, readiness等I don’t trust his promise to come for a visit.He said he had no plan to go there.He made an attempt to stand up.Birds’singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.3) 前置定语：V+ing 可以表示正在进行,也可以表示特征；过去分词表示已经完成或状态请区别下面短语：the boiling/ boiled water. 正沸腾的水(表正在进行)/白开水（表完成）a good-looking flower. 一朵好看的花儿（表特征）the developing countries/ the developed countries 发展中国家/发达国家the falling leaves / the fallen leaves正在下落的叶子/落叶the remaining money/ the money left 剩下的钱注意：英语中有些表示感觉的动词,其现在分词形式表示“令人感到…..的”,过去分词形式表示“感到….的”如：an exciting voice 一个令人兴奋的声音 an excited voice 一个兴奋的声音a puzzling expression 一个令人困惑的表情 a puzzled expression 一个困惑的表情4）区别下列后置定语的用法：to be done 表示被动、将来；done 表示被动、完成；being done 表示被动、正在进行；v+ing 表示主动；动词的系表结构直接去掉动词be;如果是不及物动词或者是感官系动词sound/taste/ feel/ smell/ look 和变化系动词就只有用V+ing形式.Have you read the novel written by DickensListen The song being sung is very popular with students.The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.The food tasting delicious sells well.注意：不定式在后置定语中只表示将来,不表目的；having dong 或者having been done 一般用在状语中,不可以做后置定语,过去分词本身就表被动和完成.请完成下面的练习are many people ______ (wait) outside the hall.are many problems ______ ( remain) to be solved.flowers _______ (smell) sweet attract a lot of people.are many people _______ (invite) to the party.film, ______ (set) in the 19th century, won the medal.meeting_________(hold) now is of great importance.meeting_________(hold) yesterday was of great importance.meeting ________ (hold) tomorrow is of great importance.is always the first_______ (come) and the last _______ (leave).is the only person ________(know) the truth.was the best ______ (do) the job.13. A great number of students _________(question) said they were forcedto practice the piano.14. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter_____(offer) it to him.15. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in theenvelope ______ (provide)16. Birds’singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ______(stay)away.17. The room is empty except for a bookshelf_____（stand）in one corner.18. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, therewas a pile of mail______(wait) for her.19. They might just have a place _____ (leave) on the writing course—whydon’t you give it a try20. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ____(use) indaily conversations.21. Volunteering gives you a chance _______ (change) lives, includingyour own.参考答案： . smelling 5. set held 8. to be held 9. to come 10.to leave know do 13. questioned 14. offering 15. provided16. to stay 17. standing 18. waiting 19. left 20. used 21.to leave 22. to change三.作表语(不定式/动名词/过去分词都可以做表语)1.动名词作表语表示抽象的概念性的动作,可以是多次的经常性的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作例如：比较下列区别His favorite sport is swimming. (泛指游泳)Your task today is to wash the curtains.(指一次具体的工作)2 .excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puz zled/tired 感到…exciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interestin g/puzzling/tiring令人….He is moved by the moving movie.The film is moving.It is a pleasant trip.（pleasant 做前置定语）The trip is pleasing.（pleasing 做表语）3. 注意下列表达方式：My bag is missing/ lost/ gone. I find my bag missing/lost/gone.4. remain 的表语1) remain to be done 仍需去做/有待于…One problem remians to be solved.It remians to be seen whether the operation was successful.2) remain做“仍然是”讲时,可用名词,adj,介词,现在分词或者过去分词作表语He remained stuck (滞留)abroadPeter became a manager, but Jack remained a worker.Whatever achievements you’ve made, you should remain modest.无论你取得多么大的成就,你都该保持谦虚.He had to remain in hospital until he was better. 他不得不一直住院直到身体好些.This solid stone,square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.The guests came in, but she remained sitting/seated at the desk reading.客人们都来了,但她还坐在写字台旁读书.As before, he remained unmoved. 他和以往一样无动于衷.注意：1）用作不及物动词,意思是“剩下；剩余；遗留”,此时不能用进行时态,也没有被动语态.After the fire, very little remained of his house. 火灾过后,他的家所剩无几.2)remaining是形容词,意为“剩余的”,常作前置定语；而left则只能作后置定语.例如：There are still some apples left. 还剩余一些苹果. I bought a giftfor her with the remaining money. 我用剩余的钱给她买了一件礼物.3) remain作名词时表示“剩余物”,一般用其复数形式.例如：The archeologists found some remains of the Song Dynasty.考古学家发现了一些宋代遗迹.5. 1)主语+seem +(to be )+表语,表语多为名词或形容词Tom seems (to be ) a very clever boy. 汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩.The man over there seems to be a new teacher. 那边的那个人看上去像一个新老2) 主语+ seem to do sthbe doing sthhave done sthMrs. Green doesn’t seem (或seems not ) to like the idea. 格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意.The children seemed to be eating something in the room. 孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢.The young man seemed to have changed much. 这个年轻人看起来变化很大.6. 当不定式用作表语时,其中的 to 原则上是不能省略的.如：His aim is t o do two years’ work in one. 他的目标是一年干两年的工作.但有一种例外,那就是当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时,用作表语的不定式可以省略to.如：What you first do is (to) mix the egg with flour. 你先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好.All I did was (to) touch the window, and it broke. 我只不过碰了一下窗户,玻璃就碎了经典练习1. My worry is your _______ (rely) too much on your parents.2. Please remain ______ (seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon.3. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and thephone are important in staying________( connect)答案：四.作宾语(不定式和动名词都可以作宾语)1.只能用动名词作宾语的动词和短语考虑、建议和原谅,承认、推迟没得想像避免、继续练,否认完成停感谢不禁止介意准逃亡consider（考虑）;advise/suggest/propose/recommend(建议);excuse/pardon(原谅)；admit/acknowledge(承认)；delay/postpone/put off(推迟); imagine/fancy(想像)；avoid（避免）；practise（练习）;deny(否认);finish(完成); appreciate/acknowledge(感谢); forbid (禁止); mind(介意); escape(逃脱)；此外,这些动词也跟动名词：miss（错过）；enjoy（享受）；risk (冒险)；tolerate/bear/stand/put up with(容忍)；quit（停止）advocate（提倡）；resist （抵制）understand（理解）；allow/permit(允许)feel like doing sth（喜欢做某事; give up doing (放弃做某事); keep doing(不停的做某事); be busy doing sth; can’t help doing sth（情不自禁）; be worth doing sth (值得做某事)；have difficulty/trouble doing sth(做...有困难/麻烦); have a hard/good time doing sth做.... 很开心/不开心; have fun doing sth 做.... 很开心 succeed in doing sth 成功做某事It is no use/good /pleasure doing sth做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣There is no point in doing sth= There is no need to do sth 没必要做某事It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth = be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done= be worth doing sth值得做某事2.只能用不定式作宾语的动词决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help,(afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten口诀之外的单词)She pretended not to see me when I passed by.We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.3. forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别.forget to do sth _________________ forget doing sth ______________________ go on to do sth __________________go on doing sth ______________________ mean to do sth____________________ mean doing sth___________________ regret to say/tell/inform/announce__________________________________ regret doing sth/having done________________________________________ remember to do sth_________________ remember doing sth________________ stop to do sth______________________ stop doing sth____________________ try to do sth______________________ try doingsth_________________________can’t help (to) do sth __________________ can’t help doing sth__________________can’t help but do sth =can’t but do sth ___________________sb used to do sth ___________________ sb be used to doing sth____________________sth be used to do sth ________________________be afraid to do sth不敢做某事 be afraid of doing sth担心发生某事be sure to do sth一定会.....be sure of doing sth确信会.....Let’s go on studying Lesson 6. （让我们继续学第六课.说明前面已学了一部分.）Let’s go on to study Lesson 6. （让我们接着学第六课.说明前面已学了第五课.）I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习.）I must remember to do it. （我必须记着做这事.）I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里.）I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次.）Stop speaking. （不要讲话.）He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话.）I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些来.）Missing the train means waiting for another hour.（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时）4.在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语：allow /advise/forbid/permit sb to do sthallow/advise/forbid/permit doing sthWe don’t allow smoking here.We don’t allow students to smoke.动词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做,这时,动名词的主动式表示被动意义.be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义.…需要….…值得….deserve to be done/ doing …..值得….The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.Her method is worth trying.These proposals deserve considering/ to be considered. 这些建议应该被考虑.devote oneself/ one’s time to (把...贡献给...)；look forward to (期望)；pay attention to (注意)； attach importance to (重视)； be used/accustomed to (习惯于做某事)；when it comes to (当谈到做某事) ; get down to(着手)；prefer doing sth to doing sth（喜欢...而不喜欢; turn to doing sth(转向)；thanks to (多亏); lead to (导致)；the key to doing sth (做某事的关键)；object to/be opposed to (反对)；contribute to (有助于)；be addicted to doing sth (沉湎于；对...上瘾)；make contributions to (对...做出贡献) ；due to （由于）；apply oneself to (致力于) ；stick to（坚持）；come close to （接近于）等后的动词也必须用动名词形式,例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon.6.不定式做动词（词组）tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等的宾语时,前面常常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等,但是why后加不带to的不定式.He showed us how to do the work= He showed us how we should do the work.I don’t know what to do= I don’t know what I should do.We must decide whether to stay or go= We must decide whether we’ll stay or go.Can you tell me why do it7.在love,hate,prefer,like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别.有时用动名词作宾语时,指一般情况,而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为.I love swimming. I love to swim today.,begin,continue在书面语中多后接动名词,在口语中多后接不定式.It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant.典型例题1. David threatened _____(report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.2. He chose _______(keep) silent when asked why.3. He volunteered _________(help) the victims in the earthquake.4. Whenever you are in trouble, don’t hesitate _______(ask) me for help.5. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need ______(repair).6. —Can I smoke here—Sorry. We don’t allow ______(smoke) here.7. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention ______(promote) when we talked on the phone.8. Bill suggested _______(hold) a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.9. I really appreciate _______(have) time to holiday with you on this nice island.10. I can hardly imagine her _______(marry) such a men as Lee.11. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ________(go) for a swim12. The film star wears sunglass. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______(recognize).13. —They are quiet, aren’t they—Yes, they are accustomed to not talk at meals.14. How can I afford to fly to America when I can only earn 800 Yuan a month.15. Would you mind turn down your radio a little, please16. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed caught.17. He practiced playing the piano every morning.18. He risked losing his life in order to save the drowning girl.19. He was considering changed his mind.20. He was considered to be very rich.21. D on’t worry. We can manage to help you out.22. I was advised to quit the job and try a new one.23. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs to be done to achieve the final success.24. One learns a language by making mistakes and correct them.25. China recently tightened its waters controls near the HuangYan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from attacked in the South China Sea.26. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and having reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.27. When it comes to speak in public, no one can match him.28. Lydia doesn’t feel like study abroad. Her parents are old.29. I really regret _____ (inform) you that you have failed to pass the exam.30. He tried ______(persuade) her to accept their incitation, but in vain.31. She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.32. I still remember taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.33. No one answered the front door, so I tried knocking at the back door.34. I’m afraid I can’t help painting the house this afternoon.35. I couldn’t choose but to accept his invitation.36. I’m sorry. I didn’t mean hurt you.37. Now that we have finished Exercise I, let’s go on to do Exercise Ⅱ.38. I couldn’t help but admiring him for his courage.39. Oh, my goodness I forgot to lock the door last night. Is there anything missing40. I forgot paid already, so I went to my boss again.41. The competitor never dreamed of there __________ (be) a chance for him to win the first prize in the 100 meter race.42. Have you heard of my sister _______ (win) the contest43. The doctor does not mind I eating a little meat occasionally.44. She didn’t mind her books taken away and used by other students.45. I insist on Mary go there.46. I knew nothing about the window was open.47. He left the city without our know it.答案：report 2. to keep 3. to help ask been promoted 10. marrying recognized 改为taking 14.正确改为turning 前加being 17.正确 18.正确改为changing 20.正确 21.正确 22.正确 23.正确改为correcting 前加being 改为being 改为speaking 改为studying inform persuade 31.正确前加being 33.正确改为paint 35.去掉to 36.正确 37.正确 39.正确前加being 改为my或me 前加being 改为going,或去掉on 改为being 改为knowing五．作状语不定式分词作状语时,不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,不定式表示目的,动名词表示主动,过去分词表示被动.(一)不定式作状语1.不定式作目的状语In order to可以放在句首,也可以放在句中；so as to 只能放于句中,in order to 和so as to 放于句中时,不能用逗号隔开.To catch the early bus/In order to catch the early bus, he gets up early.= He gets up early to catch the early bus.Bob took down my telephone number so as / in order not to forget it. = In order not to forget it, Bob took down my telephone number.2.不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so+adj +as to do sth; such+n +as to do sth; …enough to do sth; too….to; Only to do sth表示不定式出乎意料的结果.I’m not so stupid as to write it down.=I’m not such a fool as to write it down.He is clever enough to be fit for the job.Jane arrived at the station only to be told the train had gone.比较：He died, leaving only debts.(动名词表示自然而然的结果)I’m too tired to stay up longer.注意：only too…to结构中,并非是“太….而不能….”之意,而表示“非常….”这样搭配的形容词有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy等.I’m only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格了,我非常高兴.I’m too willing to help you.3.不定式作原因状语当这些形容词light, heavy, hard/difficult, easy, comfortable, pleasant, dangerous impossible, interesting nice等出现时要用主动表被动.This question is easy to answer.This book is difficult to understand.（二）分词做状语分词作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状语等,为了强调,可以与while, when, once, if , unless等连词连用.(not)V+ing 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系V+ed 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系(not) having done 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系；动作发生在谓语动作之前(not)having been done表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系; 动作发生在谓语动作之前1. When ________ (offer) help, one often says “Thank you”or “It’s kind of you.(Separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.3. Generally speaking, if _______(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.4. He glanced at her, ________( note) that though she was tiny, she seemed very well.5. The teacher came into the lab, _________(follow) by some students.6. _________________(tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistake.7. Not _______________(receive) her letter, he wrote again.参考答案： 2. Separated 3. taken 4. noting 5. followed 6. Having been told7. having received(三) 独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分.常见的有：generally speaking 一般来说 strictly/ honestly/frankly speaking 严格地、诚实地、坦率地讲considering/ given/taking… into consideration 考虑到judging from/by 根据....判断compared with/to 与....相比provided/ providing/ suppose/ supposing/ assuming 假设to be frank/ to tell you the truth/ to be honest 坦率地说、跟你说实话、老实说To make things/ the matter worse 更为糟糕的是seeing that 鉴于Considering his age, he is quite tall.Judging from his look, he didn’t agree with you at all.I lost my way in complete darkness and, to make things worse, it began to rain.To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.练习：1).______ (sleep) late in the morning, he turned off the alarm o’clock.2)._______(see) from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.3) ._______(see) the sunset from the hill, he felt relaxed.4). _______(clean) the desks, we began reading.5).__________(surround) for a month, the enemy had to give in.6). ___________(lose) in the woods, he finally saved by the police.7) .All the afternoon he worked with the door_______(lock).8).With winter_______(come) on,it's time to buy warm clothes.9).I can't go out with all these dishes________(wash).10).Anderson was lying on the bed with the window________(open).11).He stood there with his eyes ______(fix) on the wall.12).He felt relaxed, with his work _______(do).13). He felt anxious, with a lot of work________(do)参考答案：1) to sleep; 2) seen; 3) seeing; 4) Having cleaned; 5) having been surrounded; 6) lost7) locked 8) coming 9) to wash 10) open 11).fixed 12) done 13) to do总结状语从句的做题方法：(四)独立主格非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应该和句子主语保持一致.但是有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中做状语,我们称之为独立主格.它的结构特点是：①独立主格中的状语有自己独立的主语,与主句的主语不同,前后主语不一致；②在独立主格中的状语中,不定式表示还未作,过去分词表示被动；现在分词表示主动③独立主格结构一般都有逗号与主句分开. 独立主格的结构为：(with)主语+V+ing/v+ed/ to do sth/ adj/ 介词结构/ 副词1).名词/主格代词+现在分词.名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系.如：The girl staring at him (= as the girl stared at him), he didn’t know what to say.= With the girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好.Time permitting (= if time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.= _______________________________________________________如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游.2).名词/主格代词+过去分词.名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系.如：The problems solved (= as the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.= With the problem solved, the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了. Her glasses broken (= because her g lasses were broken), she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. =__________________________________________________________________.由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字.3).名词/主格代词+不定式.名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作.如：He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help.= He is going to make a model plane, with some old parts to help.借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型.4).名词/主格代词+形容词.如：An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难,无一人生还.= An air accident happened to the plane, with nobody alive.So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. =_____________________________这么多人缺席,会议不得不取消.5).名词/主格代词+副词.如：He put on his sweater ,wrong side out.= He put on his sweater , with wrong side out.他把毛衣穿反了.The meeting over, they all went home.=____________________________________________.会议一结束,他们就都回家了.6).名词/主格代词+介词短语.如：The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand.= The boy goes to the classroom, with a book in his hand.那男孩手里拿着书去教室.Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门. 7). There being +名词（代词）,being不可省.如：There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做,我们就回家了.There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会.8). It being +名词（代词）,being不可省.如：It being Christmas, t he government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息.当不定式用作介词except或but的宾语时,该不定式有时带 to,有时不带 to,情形比较复杂,大致原则是：其前有do,不定式不带 to；其前没有 do,不定式通常带 to.如：He likes nothing except to watch TV. 除了看电视外,他什么都不喜欢.It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果.There’s little we can do except wait. 除了等待我们没有什么办法.I could do nothing except agree. 我除了同意,没有别的办法重点句型：have no choice/alternative but to do sth 别无选择只能做某事 have nothing to do but do sth / can do nothing but do sth别无选择只能做某事经典例题：1.I looked up and noticed a snake ______(wind) its way up the tree to catchits breakfast.2.Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car_______(wash).3.Having finished her project, she was invited _______(speak) by the schoolto the new students.4.When we saw the road _______(block) with snow, we decided to spend theholiday at home.5.Let those in need ______(understand) that we will go all out to help them.6.He is thought ______(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blamefor losing the job.7.Alexander tried to get his work in the medical circles ______(recognize).8.I was advised _______(take) more exercise and eat less sugar.9.That eight-year-old boy was made _________(work) day and night by thecruel boss.10.When he went back to his home village ten years later, he found itcompletely _____(change).11.Passengers are permitted ______(carry) only one piece of hand luggageonto the plane.12.Simon made a big bamboo box _____(keep) the little sick bird till it couldfly.13.Listen Do you hear someone call for help14.I felt something hitting me on the back.15.Let the children quiet, please.16.He was heard leave the house.17.I’ll have him to pay attention to his handwriting.18.Don’t have the students study all day.19.All that set me thinking.20.He got his tooth pull out yesterday.21.He was caught steal in the shop and was sent to prison.22.I found my desk mate, Li Yang, play basketball on the playground.23.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himselfreminding of his own dreams.24.Even the best writers find themselves losing for words.25.Claire had luggage _______ (check) an hour before her plane left.26.I have a lot of readings ________ (complete) before the end of this term.27.Every year, Tom remembers to have some flowers ________ (send) to hermother on her birthday.28.The director had her assistant _______ (pick) up some hot dogs for themeeting.29.The two men had their lights ________ (burn) all night long.30.He had his house _______ (break) into last night.31.With the world changing fast, we have something new deal with all byourselves every day.32.Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls join up.33.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but meet an even greatchallenge.34.He had all his students to stand up and sing the song together.35.They had the machine run all day and all night.36.We won’t have such a thing happening again.37.Something has gone wrong with my computer. I’ll get it _________ (repair)tomorrow.38.It’s too noisy outside. I’ll have to get the children ___________ (stop)shouting.39.The first thing he did every morning was to get his car____________(start).40.He was very humorous and often got us ________ (laugh).41.Considering his illness, the doctor tried to get the patient stop smoking.42.His sudden appearance got them surprising.43.He got his ankle hurt in the game yesterday.44.The boss got them worked as soon as they entered the workshop.答案：1.winding 3. to speak 4. blocked 5. understand 6. to have acted 8. to take 9. to work 10. changed 11. to carry 12. to keep13. call改为calling 14. hitting改为hit 15. quiet前加be 16. leave 前加to 17.去掉pay前的to18.study改为studying 19. 正确 20. pull改为pulled 21. steal改为stealing改为playing 23. reminding改为reminded 24. losing改为lost 25. checkedcomplete 27. sent 28. pick 29. burning 30. broken 31. deal前加to 32. join改为joined33.meet前加to 34. 去掉to 35. run改为running 36. 正确 37. repaired38. to stop39.started 40. laughing 41. stop 前加to 42. surprising改为surprised43. 正确改为working。

非谓语动词讲解举例子

非谓语动词讲解举例子

非谓语动词讲解举例子非谓语动词是指除了谓语动词之外的其他动词形式，包括动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词。

非谓语动词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。

下面将分别介绍非谓语动词的形式及其用法，并举例说明。

1. 动词不定式（to+动词原形）动词不定式一般用在动词后面，可以表示目的、意图、原因、结果等。

例句：- I went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.（我去超市买了一些杂货。

）这里的不定式"to buy"表示目的。

- My friends and I decided to go hiking this weekend.（我和我的朋友决定这个周末去远足。

）这里的不定式"to go"表示动作的意图。

2. 现在分词（动词+ing）现在分词可以用作形容词，表示正在进行的动作。

例句：- The running water is so clear.（流动的水很清澈。

）这里的现在分词"running"作为形容词修饰水。

- I saw a crying child on the street.（我看到了街上一个哭泣的孩子。

）这里的现在分词"crying"作为形容词修饰孩子。

3. 过去分词（一般以-ed、-en或其他形式结尾）过去分词一般用作形容词，表示被动或完成的动作。

例句：- The broken window needs to be repaired.（破损的窗户需要修理。

）这里的过去分词"broken"作为形容词修饰窗户。

- She was thrilled to receive the unexpected gift.（她收到这个意外的礼物感到兴奋。

）这里的过去分词"unexpected"作为形容词修饰礼物。

非谓语动词还有其他用法，如作状语、宾语补足语等，下面是一些例子：- Being a doctor, he is always busy.（作状语）作为一个医生，他总是很忙。