Design for Assembly

常用汽车行业英文缩写及词汇DCCDesignChangeControl ; DFA-DesignForAssembly 面向装；DOEDesignOfExamination 试验;DQESDeliveryQualityEvalu ; DTLDirectToLine ; DVP&RDesignValidateP ; EDIelectronicdatainterch ; ERPE nterpriseResDCC Desig n Cha nge Con trolDFA- Design For Assembly 面向装配的设计DOE Desig n Of Exami natio n 试验设计DQES Delivery Quality Evaluation SystemDTL Direct To Li neDVP&R Design Validate Pla n&Report 设计验证计划报告EDI electro nic data in tercha nge 电子数据交换ERP En terprise Resource Pla nningES Engin eeri ng Specificatio n 工程规格ESI Early Supplier In volveme nt 供应商先期参与Ex-Work （工厂交货）、FOB （船上交货）、FAS （船边交货）或CIF （运保费在内交货）FEU- Field Evaluation Units 用户市场实际体验与评估first gear 一档Flow Chart流程图FMEA Failure Mode and Effects An alysisfour-wheel drive 四轮驱动FRG- Ford Reliability Guideli ne 福特可靠性指导Fro nt Win dshield 前挡风玻璃Tempered glass 钢化玻璃fron t-wheel drive 前轮驱动FSS- Full service supplier 全服务供应商FTA Fault Tree An alysisGD&T- Geometric Dime nsio ning & Tolera ncing 标准公差GR&R Guage Repeatabilit y&reproducibility 量具的重复性和再现性HTFB- Hard Tooli ng Fun ctio nal Build 工装集成调试与验证IPO In dividual Parts OrderISIR In itial Sample In specti on ReportJIT Just In TimeKD- knocked down/ Semi Knock Down(SKD) /Completely Knock Dow n( CKD)KO Kick-offLam in ated glass 夹层玻璃LP —Lea n Productio n 精益生产LR Launch Read in essLS Launch SupportLVPM Local Ven dor Packag ing MethodMPV Multi-PurposeVehicle 多用途汽车MRD Material Required DateMRO Mai nte nan ce,Repair,a nd Operati onMTP- Make to print supplier 照图加工供应商N/A- Not ApplicableNCDR No n-Co nformi ng Delivery ReportNCMAR No n-Co nformi ng Material Actio n ReportNDA Non Disclosure Agreeme nt 保密协定NDS Nissa n Desig n SpecificationNML Nissa n Motor LtdNVH- System Noise, Vibration & Harshness 系统噪音，振动及粗糙性OSM- Outside of MaterialPA Program Approvalpallet n.托盘Passe nger Vehicle 乘用车PAT- Program Attributes Team 产品属性小组PDL Product Desig n LetterPH Proportio ns&Hardpoi ntsPIPC- Perce ntage of In dexes with Process Capability 能力指数百分PIST- Perce ntage of In specti on points Satisfy ing Tolera nee 满检测点意工差百分比PMT- Program Moudle Team 产品模块小组PO Purchase OrderPPAP- Production Part Approval Process 生产件批准程序PPSR Production Preparation Status ReportPQA Process Quality Assura neePR Program Read in essPre-Lau nch 试生产price-drive n cost ing 价格弓丨导成本Production Preparatio n-Final Nissan - PT2/Re nault - PPProduction Preparati on-ln itial Nissa n - PT1/Re nault - PPP3Production Trial Run 试生产Prototype 样件QFD Quality Fun tion Deploy 质量功能展幵QFTT Quality Fun ctio nal Task TeamQR- Quality Reject 质量拒收QS Quality Sta ndardRAN Release Authorisation Numberreverse 倒车档RFQ Request For Quotation 询价RKD Reverse Knock Dow nRLQ Receivi ng Lot Qua ntityROC Rate of ClimbROI return on in vestme nt 报酬率ROP Re-Order PointRTO Required To OperateSAIS Supplier Assessme nt & Improveme nt SystemSC Strategic Con firmatio n/sig nifica nt CharacteristicsSDS- System/ Desig n Specificatio ns 系统/ 设计说明sec ond gear 二档SFMEA System FMEAShippi ng Date 出货日、In voice Date 发票日或On Board Date 装船日Side Win dshield 侧窗玻璃SJ Strategic IntentSNP Sta ndard Number of PartsSOW- state of work 工作申明SPC Statistical Process Con trolSQA Supplier Quality Assura neeSREA- Supplier Request for Engin eeri ng Approval 供应商工程设计更改申请ST Surface Tra nferSTRS Supplier Test Report SystemSubc on tractor 分承包商Sunroof Win dshield 天窗玻璃SUV Sports Utility VehicleTAG Test Aptitude GraphiqueTCO Total Cost of Own ership 总持有成本TCRA Total Cost Reduction ActivityTGR Thi ngs Gone RightTGW Th ings Go ne WorstTM Techi nical Man ualTPM Total Preve ntive Mai nte nanceTTO-Tool Try Out 工装验证UOM Unit Of MeasureVES Vehicle Evaluati on SystemVO- Vehicle Operatio n 主机厂VPP- Vehicle Program Pla n 整车项目计划VQA Vehicle Quality Assura neeVTTO- Ven dor Tool Try-Out 供应商工装验证WERS- World Wide Engineering Release SystemWVTA Whole Vehicle Type ApprovalOTS OFF TOOL SAMPLE 用批量生产的工模器具制造出的样件PVS Produktio ns Versuchs Serie 批量试生产TMA Trial Manu facturi ng Agreeme nt2TP两日试生产，主要是验证供应商的批量供货能力OS零批量，是批量生产前的总演习，批产的全面验证SOP Standard Operation 即批量生产Start-Of-ProductionSta ndard Operat ing Procedure 标准操作程序QSV Qualitaes-Sicher un gs-Vere inbarung 质量保证协议BMG Bau-Muster-Ge nehmigu ng 产品工程样件性能检验认可Nullserie零批量QSR质量体系要求Bias偏差DB Durability Build 样车阶段lead time n.订货至交货的时间sink mark 缩痕LRR launch read in ess reviewYC (Pote ntial Critical Characteristic) 潜在关键特性YS (Potential Significant Characteristic) 潜在重要特性Restriction of Hazardous Substances 简称RoHS SGS, BV, TUV, In tertek, ETC BV-Bureau Veritas 法国国际检验局Front bumper 前保险杠Rear bumper 后保险杠Radiator grille 格栅Headlamp 前大灯Tail lamp-liftgate 尾灯-行李箱盖上Tail lamp-quarter 尾灯-后侧围上Front door trim panel 前门内饰板Rear door trim panel 后门内饰板In terior release han dle bezel 内幵手把手框Power con trols bezel 电动车窗幵关框Window in terior capp ing 窗框饰条Exterior mirror 夕卜后视镜Body side mouldi ng 防擦条Cowl grille通风格栅Roof moldi ng 车顶装饰条Lift gate moldi ng 牌照板支架Lift gate han dle 行李箱盖拉手Weather strip_door openings 门框胶条Weather strip_liftgate行李箱胶条A Pillar Trim A 柱B Pillar Trim upper B 柱上B Pillar Trim lower B 柱下Fro nt scuff Plate 前门槛条Rear scuff plate 后门槛条Back panel trim lower 行李箱门槛条Gar nish trim-Quarter wi ndowCowl trim panel A 柱下Liftgate upper trim 尾门内饰板上Liftgate side trim 尾门内饰板中Liftgate lower trim 尾门内饰板下IPDefroster panel 除霜盖板Con sole中控台Steering column cover 方向机柱上下盖板Cluster 组合仪表Carpet前地毯Trunk carpet 后地毯Front seat 前座椅2nd row seat 第二排座椅burr（金属）flash（塑件）毛边gap间隙defective products 不良品fini shed products 成品disposed products 处理品。

dfa 面向装配的产品设计定义面向装配的产品设计（Design for Assembly，简称DFA）是指在产品设计阶段充分考虑装配性要求，以便在生产制造阶段实现高效、快速、经济的装配过程。

它是将装配性设计纳入产品设计的重要环节，旨在提高产品的装配性能，降低生产成本，提高生产效率和质量。

在进行面向装配的产品设计时，首先需要考虑产品的结构设计。

产品结构设计应简单明了，尽量减少零部件数量，并且零部件之间的连接应尽量采用简单可靠的方式，以便在装配过程中能够轻松完成。

此外，还应尽量避免使用过多的特殊工具和设备，以减少装配过程中的复杂性和难度。

面向装配的产品设计还需要考虑零部件的标准化和模块化。

通过将零部件进行标准化和模块化设计，可以实现零部件的通用性和互换性，简化装配过程，减少零部件库存，提高生产效率。

此外，标准化和模块化设计还能够降低生产成本，提高产品的可维护性和可升级性。

面向装配的产品设计还需要考虑零部件的尺寸和形状。

尺寸和形状的设计应合理，以便在装配过程中能够减少零部件之间的配合间隙，提高装配的精度和速度。

此外，还应尽量避免零部件之间的复杂装配关系，以减少装配过程中的错误和重复操作。

面向装配的产品设计还需要考虑装配工艺的合理性。

装配工艺应简单明了，以减少装配过程中的操作步骤和工时。

同时，应尽量避免使用过多的专用工具和设备，以降低装配成本。

面向装配的产品设计还需要进行装配性能评估和优化。

通过对产品装配性能的评估，可以发现并解决装配过程中存在的问题和瓶颈，提高装配效率和质量。

同时，还可以通过优化产品设计，进一步提高产品的装配性能，降低生产成本。

面向装配的产品设计是一种重要的设计方法，它将装配性设计纳入产品设计的各个环节，以实现高效、快速、经济的装配过程。

通过合理考虑产品结构设计、零部件标准化和模块化、尺寸和形状设计、装配工艺合理性以及装配性能评估和优化，可以有效提高产品的装配性能，降低生产成本，提高生产效率和质量。

CVS Technical Seminar – 3rd December 2008
Design For Assembly
DFA Evaluation Procedure (Lucas Method)
The Lucas method is based on 3 separate and sequential analyses;
4) Select a major functional component for the starting point of the analysis.
5) Categorise all mating components in a logical progression using the Functional Criteria Chart.
Design For Assembly
Functional Analysis
1) Determine the functional requirements of the product.
2) Decide whether the product can be considered as a whole or a series of functional sub-sections.
Design For Assembly
When to use DFA?
DFA is one tool within Concurrent Engineering (CE) – a design philosophy that enhances productivity for time to market, cost and quality.
Hence, the most beneficial time to use the technique is at the concept development stage.

长安福特常用缩写词(CP)Confirmation Prototype确认样车Final Status最终状态(J1)Job 1整车投产(PT)P/T Design Complete动力传动系统设计结束PT（P/T）Power Train动力传动系统(ST)Surface Transfer表面参数传递Change Cut-Off更改完成Launch Readiness投产准备就绪Launch Sign-Off投产验收Program Approval项目批准Proportions & Hardpoints比例与固定点Product Readiness产品准备就绪Pre Milestone 1SI前里程碑1Pre Milestone 2SI前里程碑2Strategic Confirmation策略确认Strategic Intent策略意向Strategic Planning策略计划(SP)Structural Prototype样车结构(TTO)Tool Try-Out工装设备试运行Global 8D Eight disciplinary ActionsG8D(福特公司解决问题的标准方法)14DMore Detailed than Global 8D (used to containand resolve stop-shipment/recall problems)更详细的细节(包括并解决停止运货/召回问题)1MIS One Month in Service投入使用1个月1PP First Production Proveout第一次试生产2PP Second Production Proveout第二次试生产3MIS Three Months in Service投入使用3个月4P Production Process Proveout Program生产程序验证项目AAA American Automobile Association美国汽车工业联合会ABS Affordable Business Structure可承受商业结构ABS Anti skid brake system防抱死制动系统AIAG Automotive Industry Action Group 机动车工业行动小组AIC Accelerated Implementation Centre快速实施中心AIM Automated Issues Matrix问题结构图AIMS Automated Issues Matrix System问题结构图系统AME Advanced Manufacturing Engineering先进制造工艺AMPPE Advanced Manufacturing Pre-Program Engineering 先进项目前制造工艺ANOVA Analysis of Variance多样性分析AP Attribute Prototype设计样车APEAL Automotive Performance Execution and Layout机动车性能实施与规划APQP Advanced Product Quality Planning先进产品质量计划ASQ American Society for Quality美国质量协会AV Appraiser Variation评估者的多样性AVT Advance Vehicle Technology先进车辆技术AWS Analytical Warranty System分析性的保修系统AXOD Automatic Transaxle Overdrive Transmission自动变速驱动桥超速档传动系B&ABody & Assembly Operations (New Term: VehicleOperations)车身与组装操作(新术语:车辆操作)BCG Business Consumer Group消费者工作组BIC Best in Class等级中的最佳BIS Body Shop Information System车身工作间信息系统BLI Business Leadership Initiative领导层初始意向BOM Bill OfMaterials零件清单BTB Bumper-to-Bumper保险杠到保险杠BTS Build-To-Schedule按日程建造BUR Business Unit Review业务小组讨论CAS Capacity Analysis Sheet能力分析表C/E Cause & Effect成因及影响CA Customer Attribute消费者特性CAD Computer Aided Design计算机辅助设计CAE Computer Aided Engineering计算机辅助工程CAP Corrective Action Plan纠正行动计划CBG Consumer Business Group消费者业务小组CB Continuous Build连续性生产CC Critical Characteristic评价特性CC Courtesy Copy抄送CC Carbon Copy副本CCC Customer Concern Classification客户问题分类CCC China compulsory certification中国强制认证CDS Component Design Specification零件设计参数CET Campaignable Events Team召回情况小组CETs Common External Tariff普通关税CETP Corporate Engineering Test Procedures公司工程测试程序CFR Constant Failure Rate连续故障率CHFCIM Computer Integrated Manufacturing计算机综合制造CIWG Continuous Improvement Work Group持续改进工作组CL Centerline中心线CMM Coordinate Measuring Machine协调测量设备CMMS Common Material Management System通用材料管理系统CMMS3Common Manufacturing Management System-3通用制造管理系统-3Code X Pre-build focusing on exterior components制造前关注的外部零件Code Y Pre-build focusing on interior components制造前关注的内部零件CP Cost plan(马自达用语)由ECN引起的价格变动估计CP Common Position通用位置CP Confirmation prototype确认样车（FORD 时间节点）C p Relates the allowable spread of thespecification limits to the measure of theactual variation of the process.将参数限制允许限度下的展开与程序实际多样性联系起来CPE Chief Program Engineer首席项目工程师C pk Measures the process variation with respect tothe allowable specification, and takes intoaccount the location of the process average测量程序的多样性并将其考虑到程序平均性的位置中CPU Cost Per Unit单位成本CQDC Corporate Quality Development Center公司质量开发中心CQIS Common Quality Indicator System一般质量指标系统CR Concern Responses问题回复CRT Component Review Team零件讨论组CSA Corporate Security Administrator公司安全管理员CSI Customer Service Index客户服务指数DCO Duty Cycle Output责任循环结果DCP Dynamic Control Planning动态控制计划DDL Direct Data Link直接数据连接Df Degrees of Freedom自由度DFA Design for Assembly总成设计DFM Design for Manufacturability制造能力设计DFMEA Design Failure Mode Effects Analysis故障模式影响分析设计DFR Decreasing Failure Rate故障下降率DMA Database Maintenance Administrator数据库维护管理人员DOE Design of Experiment试验设计DOM Dealer Operations Manager经销商业务经理DP Design Parameters参数设计DQR Durability Quality and Reliability耐久性质量与可靠性DTD Dock to Dock码头至码头DTD Design to Delivery设计到交付DCV Design Confirmation Vehicle设计确认车DV Design Verification设计验证DVM Design Verification Method设计验证方式DVP Design Verification Plan设计验证计划Design Verification Process and Production设计验证程序和产品验证DVP&PVValidationDVP&R Design Verification Plan & Report设计验证计划和结果DVPR Design Verification & Product Reliability设计验证和产品可靠性DVPV Design Verification and Process Verification设计验证和程序验证EAO European Automotive Operations欧洲机动车协会EASI Engineering And Supply Information工程和供应信息ECAR Electronic Connector Acceptability Rating电子连接接受比率EDI Electronic Data Interchange电子数据交换EESE Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering电力及电子系统工程EMM Expanded Memory Manager扩展内存管理器EMS Environmental Management System环境管理系统EOL End of Line线的端点EQI Extraordinary Quality Initiative特别初始质量ES Engineering Specifications工程参数ESI Early Supplier Involvement早期供应商参与ESP Extended Service Plan延期服务计划ESTA Early Sourcing Target Agreement早期选点目标协议ESWP Early Sourcing Work Plan早期选点工作计划EV Equipment Variation设备变更F&T Facility & Tooling工装设备FACT Facilitation and Certification Training简易化及认证培训FASS Field Action/Stop Shipment区域行动/停止运货区域行动/停止运货(优先使用缩FA/SS Field Action/Stop Shipment (Preferred Acronym)写)FAO Ford Automotive Operations福特机动车协会FAP Ford Automotive Procedure福特机动车程序FAQ Frequently Asked Questions常见问答FCPA Ford Consumer Product Audit福特客户产品审核FCSD Ford Customer Service Division福特客户售后服务分枝机构FDVS Ford Design Verification System福特设计验证系统FER Fresh Eyes Review其它行业人员论证FER Final Engineering Review最终工程论证FEU Field Evaluation Unit区域评估组FIFO First in First Out先进先出FMEA Failure Mode Effects Analysis故障模式影响分析FMVSS Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards美国联邦机动车安全标准FPDS Ford Product Development System福特产品开发系统FPS Ford Production System福特生产系统FPSI Ford Production System Institute福特产品系统学院FPS IT Ford Production System Information Technology福特产品系统信息技术FOB Ford of Britain福特英国FQRs Frequent Quality Rejects经常性质量不合格品FR Functional Requirements功能要求FAO (福特机动车运作) 可靠性指FRG FAO Reliability Guide导FS Final Sign-off最终验收FSIC Ford System Integration Council福特系统综合委员会FSN Ford Supplier Network福特供应商网络FSS Full Service Suppliers全方位服务供应商FTDC Fairlane Training and Development Center培训和发展中心FTEP Ford Technical Educational Program福特技术培训项目FTT First Time Through首次通过FUNC-APPRV Functional Approvals功能批准FVEP Finished Vehicle Evaluation Program下线车辆评估项目GAP Global Architecture Process全球建筑设计程序GC Global Craftsmanship全球技术工艺GCARS Global Craftsmanship Attribute Rating System全球技术特性评分系统GCEQ Global Core Engineering Quality全球核心工程质量GEM Generic Electronic Module通用电子模块GIS1Global Information Standards全球信息标准Global Prototype Inventory Requisition andGPIRS全球样车库存及控制安排SchedulingGPP Global Parts Pricing全球零件定价GQRS Global Quality Research System全球质量调查系统GRC UN-ECE Group des Raporteurs de Ceintures欧盟 ECE 安全带规划小组GRC Government Regulations Coordinator政府法规协调员GR&R Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility量具重复性和再现性GRVW Gross Vehicle Weight车辆质量GSDB Global Supplier Database全球供应商数据库GSSM Global Sourcing Stakeholders Meeting全球选点股东大会GYR Green-Yellow-Red绿-黄-红HB Homologation Build法规车制造HI High-Impact重大影响HIC High-Impact Characteristics重大影响特性HR Human Resources人力资源HTFB Hard Tooled Functional Build成形机功能建造HVAC Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning加热通风和空调ICA Interim Containment Action过渡性补救措施ICCD Intensified Customer Concern Database强化的客户问题数据库ICCD CRSIntensified Customer Concern Database ConcernResolution Specialist 强化的客户问题数据库解决问题专员IE Industrial Engineer产业工程师IFR Increasing Failure Rate 故障率增长ILVS In-Line Vehicle Sequencing车辆顺序IM Industrial Materials工业材料IP Instrument Panel仪表板IPD In Plant Date进厂日IQ Incoming Quality进货质量IQS2Initial Quality Study初始质量研究IR Internal Reject内部不合格品ISO International Organization for Standardization国际标准化组织ISPC In-Station Process Controls过程质量控制JIT Just in Time及时JPH Jobs Per Hour每小时工作量JSA Job Safety Analysis工作安全分析PSW (零件质量合格验收) 未做好KKK PSW not ready for inspection检测准备KLT Key Life Test关键使用寿命测试KO Kickoff起动LCL Lower Control Limit低控制限值LDEM Lean Design Evaluation Matrix设计评估表LOA Letter of Agreement协议书LP&T Launch Planning & Training投产计划和培训LR Launch Readiness投产准备就绪LRR Launch Readiness Review投产准备就绪论证LS Launch Sign-Off投产验收LSL Lower Specification Limit低参数限制LTDB Light Truck Data Base轻型卡车数据库MBJ1Months Before Job One Job1（投产）前1个月MBO Manufacturing Business Office制造办公室ME Manufacturing Engineering制造工程MIS Months in Service使用中的月份MMSA Material Management System Assessment物料管理系统评定MP Mass Production批量生产MP&L Materials, Planning and Logistics材料、计划与物流MPPS Manufacturing Process Planning System制造程序计划系统MOD Module模块MRB Material Review Board物料论证板MRD Material Required Date物料要求到厂日MS Material Specifications物料参数MS3(MSIII)Material Supply Version III物料供应（第三版）MTC Manage the Change管理变更MY Model Year年度车型NAAO North American Automotive Operations北美汽车工业协会NFM Noise Factor Management噪声管理NIST National Institute of Standards and Testing全国标准和测试协会NMPDC New Model Program Development Center新车型项目开发中心Nova C New Overall Vehicle Audit新车总评审NPPR New Program Product Review供应商技术支持NTEI New Tooled End Items新工具加工成品NVH Noise, Vibration, Harshness噪声、振动、操纵平顺性OCM Operating Committee Meeting工作委员会会议OEE Overall Equipment Efficiency总体设备效率OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer设备最初制造厂ONP Owner Notification Program车主告知程序OS Operator Safety操作者安全OTG Open to Go可进行P Diagrams Parameter Diagrams参数图表PA Program Approval项目批准PAG Premier Automotive Group首要机动车项目组PAL Project Attribute Leadership项目特性领导层PAT Program Activity Team, Program Attribute Team, 项目促进小组、项目特性小组和or Program Action Team项目行动小组PCA Permanent Corrective Action持续改进行动PCF Parts Coordination Fixture零件夹具验证PCI Product Change Information产品变更信息PD Product Development产品开发PDL Program Design Language项目设计语言PD Q1Product Development Q1产品开发Q1PDN2Phased Data NotificationPDSA Plan, Do, Study, Act计划、实践、研讨、实施PFMEA Process Failure Mode Effects Analysis程序故障模式影响分析PI Process Improvement程序改进PIPC Percentage of P pk Indices Process Capable P pk指数程序能力百分比Percentage of Inspection Point That SatisfyPIST满足公差要求的检查点百分比TolerancePM Program Manger项目经理PMA Project Management Analyst项目管理分析PMT Program Management Team or Program Module T eam 项目管理组或项目模式组PO Purchase Order采购订单POC Point of Contact联系点POT Process Ownership Team程序所有者小组P p Process Potential程序潜力PP Pilot ProductPP&T Product Planning & Technology产品计划和技术PPAP Production Part Approval Process生产零件批准程序P pk Process Capability程序能力PPC Product Planning Committee产品计划委员会PPL Program Parts List项目零件清单PPMParts per Million (applied to defectiveSupplier parts)零件的百万分比率（适用于供应商不合格零件）PPPM Program and Pre-Production Management程序和投产前管理PR Public Relations公共关系PR Product Requirement产品要求PR Product Readiness Milestone产品就绪时间节点PSO Production Standard Order制造标准订单PSS Private Switching Service私人转接服务PST Program Steering Team项目指导小组PSW Part Submission Warrant零件质量合格验收PTO Powertrain Operations传动系统操纵件PTR Platinum Resistance Thermometer铂金电阻温度计PV Production Validation产品验证PV Process Variables程序变更PV Part Variation零件变更PVBR Prototype Vehicle Build Requirements样车制造要求PVM Production Validation Method产品验证方法PVP Powertrain Validation Program 传动系统验证程序PVT Product Vehicle Team or Plant Vehicle Team产品车辆组或工厂车辆组QA Quality Assurance质量保证QC Quality Control质量控制QCT Quality Cost Timing质量成本时机选择QFD Quality Function Deployment质量功能配备QFTF Quality Focused Test Fleet质量节点测试行动组QLS Quality Leadership System质量领导体系QMS Quality Management System质量管理体系QOS Quality Operating System质量运作体系QOE Quality of Event质量事件QPM Quality Program Manager质量项目经理QPS Quality Process System质量程序系统QR Quality Reject质量不合格QS-9000Quality Systems – 9000质量体系-9000Quality System Assessment for ProductQSA-PD产品开发质量体系评估DevelopmentQTM Quality Team Member质量小组成员QVA Quality-Focused Value Analysis Workshop车间质量重点价值分析R Range范围RFQ Request For Quotation寻求报价R&M Reliability and Maintainability可靠性及可维护性RMS Resource Management System资源管理系统R&R Repeatability and Reproducibility重复性和再现性R&R Roles and Responsibilities职务与责任R&VT Research & Vehicle Technology研究与车辆技术R/1000Repairs per thousand修理千分率RAP Remote Anti-theft Personality module 防盗遥控器个性化模式Robust Engineering Design Process Enabler积极的工程设计程序计划REDPEPRProjectRIE Reliability Improvement Engineer可靠性改进工程师ROA Return on Assets资产回报率ROCOF Rate of Occurrence of Failure故障发生率RPN Risk Priority Number优先处理风险号码RRCL Reliability and Robustness Check List可靠性与强有力的核对表RRDM Reliability and Robustness Demonstration Matrix可靠性与强有力的演示图表RRR PSW rejected PSW (零件质量合格验收) 不合格RWUP RealWorld Usage Profile现实生活使用记录S Standard deviation标准偏差s2Variance多样性SC Significant Characteristics重要特性Significant Characteristics/CriticalSCs/CCs重要特性/评价特性CharacteristicsSCAC Supplier Craftsmanship Advisory Committee供应商技术顾问委员会SCTs Strategic Commodity Teams策略性商品组SDS System Design Specifications系统设计参数SDS Subsystem Design Specification子系统设计参数SEVA Systems Engineering Value Analysis系统工程价值分析Senko Drawing先行图SHARP Safety and Health Assessment Review Process安全和健康评估讨论程序SI System International des Unit国际单位制SIM Supplier Improvement Metrics供应商改进步骤SMART Synchronous Material and Replenishment Trigger同步物料与补给触发器SME Subject Matter Expert主题专家SMF Synchronous Material Flow同步物料流程SOW Statement of Work工作陈述SP Support PlanSP/AP Structural Prototype/Attribute Prototype结构原形/特性原形SP&PI Strategic Process & Product Improvement策略性程序和产品改进SPC Special Product Committee特殊产品委员会SPC Statistical Process Control统计程序控制SPROM Sample Promise Date承诺的样品到货日SREA Supplier Request for Engineering Approval供应商要求工程批准SRI Supplier Responsible Issues供应商责任SSI Sales Satisfaction Index销售满意度指标SSM Strategic Sourcing Meeting策略选点会议ST Surface Transfer表面转移STA Supplier Technical Assistance供应商技术支持STARS Supplier Tracking and Reporting System供应商跟踪及汇报系统SVC Small Vehicle Center小型车中心TA Target Agreement目标协议TB Training Build训练制造TAP Target Achievement Plan目标完成计划TCM Total Cost Management 总成本管理TED Things Engineers Do工程师任务TEG Tooling and Equipment Group工装及设备组TEM Total Equipment Management全部设备管理TGR Things Gone Right事态发展正确TGW Things Gone Wrong事态发展错误TIS Time in Service服务期限TOC Table of Contents目录TPM Total Productive Maintenance全部生产维护TPPS Torque Process Potential Study扭矩程序潜力研究TQC True Quality Characteristics真实质量特性TRIZ (Russian)Theory of Inventive Problem Solving创造性解决问题的理论(俄罗斯) TRMC Timing, Release and Material Control (also 时效性、发布和物料控制（同known as Tar-Mac)Tar-Mac）TS-16949Technical Specification – 16949技术规范-16949 TSP Technical Skills Program技术性技能项目TTO Tool Try Out工装试运行UCL Upper Control Limit上限控制USL Upper Specification Limit参数上限V/C Very or Completely Satisfied非常或完全满意VC Vehicle Center汽车中心VC BuyerVehicle Center Buyer (now Consumer BusinessGroup Buyer)车辆中心客户（现在为商务集团购买客户）VDI Vehicle Dependability Index车辆可靠性指标VDS Vehicle Design Specifications车辆设计参数VDS Vehicle Descriptor Section车辆描述组VER Vehicle Evaluation Ratings车辆评估等级VFG Vehicle Function Group车辆功能组VIN Vehicle Identification Number车辆识别代码VLD Vehicle Line Director车辆生产线总监VO Vehicle Office车辆办公室VO Vehicle Operations车辆运作VOGO Vehicle Operations General Office车辆运作综合办公室VP Vice President副总裁VPMC Vehicle Project Management Coordinator车辆项目管理协调员VPP Vehicle Program Plan车辆项目计划VQL Vehicle Quality Level车辆质量级别VQR Vehicle Quality Review车辆质量研讨VRT Vehicle Review Team车辆研讨小组VRT Variability Reduction Team减少差异小组VRT Vehicle Reduction Team车辆减产小组WAS Work Analysis Sheet工作分析表WCR Worldwide Customer Requirements全球客户需求WERS Worldwide Engineering Release System全球工程发布系统WIP Work In Progress进行中的工作WMI World Manufacturing Identifier世界制造商识别代码WPRC Warranty Parts Return Center维修部件回收中心Potential Significant and CriticalYS/YC潜在的重要和评价特性CharacteristicsRemark: Editor adds the content in shadow. 备注：阴影部分的内容为编者增加。