英汉翻译

TranslationThis alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. (2005-48)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder – kitchen rage. (2002-65)According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge.They don‟t have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema, or the opera, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing.When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind‟s instinct for moral reasoning in a ction, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.Do animals have right? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. (71) Actually, it isn‟t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.1.Understanding Words1.1 a good conductor good teeth and bones good times and bad times a good scolding a goodpaper a good brake a good liar a good mile to have a good cry to have a good talk to take a good look to speak good English a good physicist for good1.2This book is heavy reading. I‟ve had a very heavy day. The soil is heavy –it makes heavywalking. The teacher is very heavy on his pupils. This car is heavy on oil. It‟s a h eavyscene, let‟s leave. heavy rain/snow heavy fighting heavy traffic a heavy heart heavynews heavy movement heavy smoker/drinker1.3With over 1.2 billion people, a united, prosperous China will dwarf her Asian neighbors.1.4The pole-vaulter bettered the world record by six inches.1.5“Will anyone second the motion?” “I second it, Mr. Chairman.”1.6The union has very little say in the new pay agreement.1.7The coup was engineered by the military backed right-wing faction.1.8Mr. Carter has engineered a radical change in the management of his chain stores, which survived abankrupt.1.9Mary always gets what she wants by playing office politics.1.10With a little reflection, it may be seen that light always travels in straight lines.1.11Through reflection, it may be proved that light always travels in straight lines.1.12He is somebody in his hometown but nobody here.1.13The tight control of surface microdefects, contamination and foreign materials is the major problem tobe solved in microfabrication.1.14The disaster of Challenger fueled the debate on space exploration.1.15Strong feelings and a large brain were its parents.1.16Can you sell your boss your new ideas?1.17For example, in the early industrialized countries of Europe, the process of industrialization with allthe far-reaching changes in the social patterns that followed was spread over nearly a century, whereasnowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.2Conversion2.1Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.2.2The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.2.3Those small factories are also lavish consumer and waster of raw materials.2.4Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible.(aware, conscious, certain, sure, mindful, ignorant, alert;glad, pleased, cautious, careful, angry, happy, excited, confident, thankful, grateful, concerned, afraid,doubtful, sorry;desirous, hopeful, anxious, keen, eager, enthusiastic;)2.5After careful investigation they found the design behind.2.6Their original work impressed every attendant of the conference deeply.2.7The silicon (111) surface is mainly characterized by 7*7 reconstruction. / This kind of behaviorcharacterizes the criminal mind. / To them, he personified the absolute power.2.8Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth‟s atmosphere after completing theirmissions.2.9The old believe everything; the middle-aged suspect everything; the young know everything. (thebetter educated the well informed )2.10Both compounds are acids, the former is strong and the latter is weak.2.11Stephen Hawkins is handicapped physically, but very strong mentally.2.12It was until early 40‟s that chemists began to use the technique analytically.2.13Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.2.14It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset; it invites you to think that animals should be treatedeither with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.3Amplification3.1Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected?3.2Heightened environmental consciousness, changing trade pattern and emerging high technology are allhaving a major impact on the nature of basic metal industries.3.3China boasted a record trade surplus with the United States in 1994.3.4The rushing of these school boys was pardonable, but costly.3.5“Shining Path” has survived powerful setbacks in the past.3.6Uganda is forced to swallow bitter IMF medicine.3.7Aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly.3.8They wanted to ease the tension in the Middle East.(to innovate –innovation; to evolve –evolution; to solve –solution; to derive –derivation; topersuade – persuasion; to prepare – preparation; backward – backwardness; tense – tension; arrogant –arrogance; mad – madness; antagonistic – antagonism; redundant – redundancy )3.9When it comes to recycling, Germans are the world champions.3.10The modern apartment blocks in Beijing look light years away from the dark, dirty, and stinking slumsof the past.3.11The media exposure of the economical scandals fueled further infighting of the Democratic Party.3.12According to De Broglie, light possesses wave-particle duality like any material particles.3.13They don‟t have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, only to discover,perhaps, that the show is disappointing.3.14Air is a mixture of gases.3.15Man, was, is and always will be trying to improve his living conditions.3.16Surprisingly enough, none of them showed any sign of fear in face of death.3.17I leave Peking tonight, Mr. Premier, heartened with the agreements we have reached, cheered by thefrankness and fullness of our discussions, grateful of the hospitality you have accorded our party.4Numerical terms4.1Ten to one she has forgotten it.4.2Her name ranks last but one on the list.4.3They do nothing by halves.(by hundreds/ thousands/ millions by halves tens/ decades of hundreds/ thousands/billions of thousands upon thousands/ millions upon millions scores of dozens oftens of thousands/ hundreds of millions a thousand and one a hundred and one ten toone/ nine cases out of ten/ nine tenths fifty-fifty by one hundred percent a longhundred a few tenths of by twos and threes/ by ones or twos in two twos atsixes and sevens one or two second to none twenty and twenty last but onea decade of a score of a dozen of)4.4He bought the coffeepot at 6 dollars off the list price.4.5The production of various picture tubes has been increased four times as against 1993.4.6The new process used 35% less fuel.5Passive voice5.1The latest developments in nano science and technology are discussed in this book.5.2The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligenceis to be made.5.3It is believed that…It is generally accepted that…It is well known that…It could be argued that…It was pointed out that…It is reported that…It is estimated that…It is agreed that…It is alleged that…It is asserted that…It is claimed that…It cannot be denied that…It has bee n found that…It is noticed that…It is predicted that…It is stated that…It is stressed that…It must be admitted that…It must be realized that…It is said that…It should be noted that…It is suggested that…It is understood that…5.4 A few years ago it was thought unusual that programs could ever be called up by viewers to bedisplayed on their TV screens at home.5.5It is believed to be natural that more and more engineers have come to prefer synthetic material tonatural material.5.6It goes without saying that in order to speak good English, we must first of all learn goodpronunciation.5.7It is common knowledge now that Chinese people are very intelligent.5.8It never occurred to me that he was illiterate.5.9New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in anysituation that will restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past.5.10How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.5.11Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalitieswill be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, anddigital age will have arrived.6Adverbial clause6.1Bill Gates, Microsoft Chairman, happily sang low-tech lullabies to Barbara Walters on ABCs 20/20tonight (January 30, 1998).6.2I lent him ten dollars when I disliked him.6.3Why are you here when you should be in school?6.4Gone are the days when I am young and gay.7Appositive clause7.1I will share with President Carter my conclusion that our two countries are destined to grow togetherfor our mutual benefit and for the benefit of all mankind.7.2Finally, though by no means least, our analysis led us to the conclusion that the anti-imperialiststruggle, though clearly a progressive phenomenon, having regard to its main strategic objective, wasonly a first step.8Attributive clause8.1Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving successin the area.8.2Edison, who did not received much formal education, became one of the world‟s greatest inventors. /He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for.8.3Quite a few good people, who lacked social intelligence and dislike office politics failed to get thepromotion that they deserved in the past.8.4In an office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of thebusiness what is happening in the shops or factories.8.5Churchill gave a lengthy resume of the general situation, reviewing the long series of Allied successesin the Mediterranean, which, in recent weeks, had turned into a succession of disappointment on theItalian Front of Naples.8.6They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.8.7As is so often pointed out, knowledge is two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good orevil.8.8Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technologyor vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.9Negative expressions9.1Everybody does not believe the rumor.9.2He is no professor.9.3The machine is working none the worse for its long service. / She did not work any the less for herillness.9.4That‟s nothing less than a miracle.9.5No task is so difficult but we can accomplish it.9.6The boy has become very insolent and it is more than his parents can bear.9.7The wood bridge is anything but safe.9.8I have yet to learn that new skill.9.9The error in calculation escaped the accountant.9.10We cannot finish the work in the absence of these conditions.9.11The newspaper accounts are far from being true.9.12Her beauty is beyond compare.9.13You can‟t be too careful in doing experiments.9.14No energy can be created, and none destroyed.9.15The woman did not come here to ask us for help.9.16She did not come because she wanted to see me.9.17I don‟t suppose they will object to my suggestion. / It is not my opinion that he is the best man for thejob.10Paralleled and comparative structure10.1New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in thepast, giving rise to new standard of elegance.10.2In this global information age, where both economic growth and individual opportunity are based onideas, a commitment to providing all human beings the opportunity to develop their full potential isvital to the strength and success of the new China, as well.10.3You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to him.10.4What he did is more than showy.10.5According to an old saying, “Necessity is the mother of invention.” But it takes more than necessityfor an invention to be created.10.6His elevation to the presidency of the company was more a concession than a consensus on his ability.10.7He is no more fit to be a minister than a schoolboy would be.10.8 A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.10.9Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as becauseof more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.10.10He didn‟t so much as say thank you after all we‟d done for him.10.11The mind of man glorifies in nothing more than in struggling successfully with difficulty, and nothingmore excites our interest and admiration than the view of the strength and triumph.10.12It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price.10.13The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into acrisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.10.14I could not agree to, much/still less participate in such proceedings.10.15In old China, here was hardly any machine-building industry, to say nothing of an electronic industry.10.16At that time they could not afford the ordinary comforts of life, not to speak of luxuries.10.17All they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films. Operas and shows of every kind,not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.10.18I can‟t add two and two, let alone do fractions.10.19Your success was due to nothing else than your own diligence.10.20Plants which refine crude ores are often located in countries other than those in which the crude oresare mined.10.21She would be the last person to go along with the scheme.11Inversed structure11.1On no account should this radio-active element be exposed to the open air.11.2Scarcely had they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.11.3Should the engine go out of order on the way, we would have to stay in the car overnight.11.4That way, should she change her mind about her chosen career, she will have a good grounding inother subjects such as literature and mathematics and religious studies.11.5All magnets behave the same, be they large or small.11.6Limitless as the heat of the sun is, we have not found an effective way to make use of it in industry.11.7Of the intrinsic differences that separate American from English the chief have their roots in theobvious disparity between the environment and traditions of the American people since theseventeenth century and those of the English.12Long sentence12.1Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavorsin the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for thestudy of natural phenomena.12.2The increase in the number of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth centuryhad less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these womenthan it did with their economic necessities and with high marriage rates that shrank the available poolof single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.Words on EconomicsMacroeconomics1The TIME group predicts that the CPI (Consumer Price Index) will climb at an annual rate of 7.2% in the fourth quarter and slow to 3.8% by late next year.2The potential for still lower inflation is real – and the gruesome possibility of deflation can‟t be ruled out.3While some economists have described the current slump as a near depression, that phrase overstates the case if it is taken as a comparison with the period 1929-33, when the U.S. economy contracted by nearly a third.4New technology and deregulation are blurring the lines between telephones and cable TV, provoking a battle for America‟s homes.5The former British colony at the tip of the Malay Peninsula only achieved full independence in 1965, yet it boasts Asia‟s highest living standard after Japan, an average per capita income of $15,000 (about the same as the U.S.) and by far the world‟s highest per capita cache of foreign reserves.6While more people are working with their heads rather than their hands, and a third of the nation‟s $5.5 trillion GNP is generated by ideas rather than manufactured goods, white-collar productivity is no higher now than it was 30 years ago.7Throughout Cuba, Russia, and much of Eastern Europe, people from shopkeepers to schoolteachers stash greenbacks as a shield against hyperinflation and the sudden devaluation of their own currencies.8The index of leading economic indicators fell 0.3% in May. In the same month new-home sales plunged to a 12-month low, despite the best mortgage rates in two decades.9At the same time came the liberalization of economic policies in Latin America from Chile to Mexico and the rapid growth of the newly industrialized countries of Asia‟s Pacific Rim.10With inflation still hovering near a mild 3%, the Federal Reserve Board would seem to have little reason to tighten the money supply and push interest rates up.11For corporate America, health care has become a crippling expense, General Motors laid out $3.2 billion last year, more than it spent on steel, to provide medical coverage for 1.9 million employees, dependents and retirees. Unchecked, the U.S. medical bill will more than double in the next 10 years to $1.6 trillion, crowding out spending for other urgent needs.12Such barometers as car sales and housing starts have remained dismayingly weak, mostly because Americans have been worrying about their incomes and jobs. “What is happening here is the reverse of what the government really wants,”says Walter Williams, president of American Business Econometrics, aconsulting firm.13Last week‟s elections demonstrated that all too many voters still believe the old fantasy of Reagonomics that taxes can be cut while government programs grow.14Olga Ivanova supplements her meager monthly pension of 205 rubles ($2.28 at the current tourist rate) by selling eggs on a Yaroslavl street corner. She vaguely recalls buying smoked ham in a state-run shop six or seven years ago, but the only meat available now sells for 40 rubles (44 cents) for 2 lbs., or 20% of her income, at the free market.15Bringing down America‟s twin deficits will demand a wealth of ideas and compromises. No single fix will do the job.Banking and Investment1 A 10-minute call from Rome to New York City costs $32.30; New York to Rome is only $8.91. Using apatented call-back-conferencing mechanism he describes as “telephone arbitrage,” Howard Jonas can make the price spread between foreign utility monopolies and deregulated American phone companies work to your advantage.2We‟re having to put money in that business that we had invested in certificates of deposit for ou r children‟s education, and we have cashed in all our life insurance policies.3DEA agents say the Urdinola Brothers work somewhat independently from the rest of the Cali consortium, with their own trafficking and money-laundering organizations across the US.4With 30-year fixed mortgage rates now at about 7%, single-family housing starts have returned to the brisk pace of the mid-1980s.5For the millions of Americans who have poured a record torrent of their hard-earned cash into mutual funds, this should be the best of times.6Micro Computer invented a digital computer that controlled machine tools, then fell apart in 1971 after a dispute between Hyatt and his venture-capital partners over sharing his rights to that invention.Securities1Never far from bearish minds is the 1987 crash, which saw the Dow Jones Industrial Average plunge 508 points on Black Monday.2Like their American counterparts, Japanese executives cheerfully overpaid for their late-…80s acquisitions.But the Japanese made another fundamental miscalculation, says Gray Saxonhouse, an economics professor at the University of Michigan: “ They had a faith in American landmarks, a faith in American blue-chip names.”3Share price in the relentlessly upbeat stock market now stand at skyhigh levels by historical standards, and dividend yields have fallen to near record lows – classic signals that the bull market that began 2 1/2 years ago has got dangerously long in the tooth.4The average aggressive-growth fund has risen 29% in the past 12 months. Corporate-bond funds gained 13% overall.5Poorer parents, meanwhile, may be tempted to borrow more than they ever expect to repay; the default rate on government-backed loans in roughly 22% and bound to rise.6But sales rose even faster, and Ford Motor raised its dividend 12.5%, the first increase since 1989.7Argentina‟s stock market rose 53% in 1993, for example, while Brazil‟s more than doubled in value. (By contrast, the Dow Jones Industrial Average gained just 14%).8Another source of fear is institutional investors.9Thanks to record sales of everything from derivatives to new stock and bond issues to merger financing, the pretax profits of US brokers and investment banks zoomed to an unprecedented $8.9 billion last year.10When junk-bond king Michael Milken copped a plea last April, he disappointed everyone who had been hoping to see the white-collar trial of the decade.11That kind of talk worries officials at the New York Stock Exchange; trading technology is advancing so rapidly that the Big Board could be bypassed by such new high-tech systems as the Arizona Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ and now Globex.12When the volatile Nikkei stock index plunged 3.9% last Monday, many shell-shocked Tokyo investors feared that the entire economy was heading toward the abyss.13Falcon Cable TV, a Los Angeles-based company with 1.1 million cable subscribers, last week halted plans for a $125 million public offering in the wake of the FCC order.14The S&P 500 gained even more than the Dow during 1991, rising 26%, and NASDAQ, the most popular measure for small stocks, surged a record 57%.International Organizations1Leaders of 18 nations of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, including President Clinton, met in Indonesia and agreed to create a gigantic free-trade zone by 2020.2Lee Kuan Yew, the former Prime Minister of Singapore, explains that ASEAN thinks sanctions will not work.“The ASEAN view,” he says, “is that if we boycott or condemn the government, we‟ll lose influence with it.”3The G-7 summit has an important script – coordinating economic policies, stabilizing Russia and rescuing free-trade – but the actors seem far from up to their roles.4The country had been priding itself on its stability and relative prosperity, especially since President Salinas pushed through his six-year program of free-market economic reforms and Mexico joined the U.S. and Canada in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).5The Paris-based Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development predicted a sluggish rate of growth in 1994 for the G-7 leading industrialized countries.6First came the OPEC embargo in response to the Arab-Israeli war of 1973. Iran administered the second oil shock six years later.Finance and Taxes1That led to a state deficit of $14 billion, the largest any state government has ever incurred.2In Britain an impassioned parliamentary debate last week revealed the public‟s deep unease about the agreement in the wake of a devaluation of the pound that has shaken the government‟s economic policies.3European economic officials achieved some success in quelling the speculative chaos unloosed last week when Germany failed to support the French franc by reducing its discount rate as much as had been expected.4During the years of its most explosive growth in the late 1970s and mid-1980s, B.C.C.I. became a magnet for drug money, capital flight money, tax-evading money and money form corrupt government officials.5Recent Census Bureau and Internal Revenue Service suggest that only 1 in 4 people who employ household help bothers to pay Social Security taxes.6Nor has the Federal Reserve Board‟s actions to lower interest rates provided much of a lift outside the housing market, even though the prime rate has fallen from 10.5% two years ago to 8% today.7Several of Clinton‟s top aides want to move away from higher taxes on income and toward a progressive tax on consumption, like the value-added taxes widely used in other countries.8Automakers and other unionized corporations would benefit from a new health-care subsidy for their employees who retire before age 62.9It would be understandable if the Clintons treated their Whitewater investment largely as a much needed tax shelter.Business Management1Alexander Trotman, a British who had been head of worldwide auto operations, was named the new chairman and CEO of the Ford Motor Co., replacing Harold Poling, who is retiring.2To the north in Beijing, every block has its own office tower and luxury hotel under construction, and everybody is an entrepreneur.3Joseph Jannota, chairman of Jannota, Bray, a Chicago-based outplacement firm, estimates that fewer than 25% of U.S. companies have completed the task of downsizing their work forces.4They acted when nervous depositors withdrew $800 million from the holding company‟s three major banks, including the flagship Bank of New England, after the firm predicted a loss of up to $450 million for the fourth quarter of 1990.5The four Russians were interested in a joint venture with their guest of honor, a foreign businessman, but had little desire to meet anywhere they could be seen by KGB types.6Macy is in bankruptcy, and Federated hopes to convert the debt holdings into control of Macy by crafting a yet undisclosed reorganization plan.7Pepsi Co. now offers a special stock-option plan to all its 100,000 full-time employees, from senior managers to Frito_Lay truck drivers and Taco Bell chefs.8Within three hours of the decision, Time carried out its tender offer to pay $70 a share for 100 million of the more than 180 million Warner shares outstanding.Commerce1Each ScanFone unit, which can function as a regular telephone, features a magnetic-stripe credit card reader and a light pen to scan bar codes.2But without the limitless pots of cash that the now shrunken junk-bond market once provided, the investment bankers can no longer arrange the sort of blockbuster buyouts that produced breathtaking profits for Wall Street in the past decade.3 A recession is a standard contraction of the business cycle.4Bootlegged stones from Angola and Russia are cutting out the De Beers cartel and threatening to subvert the value of the most precious of gems.5The Mussouri-based railcar leasing company is his cash cow to fund outside investment activities.6Since the early 1960s, when assorted gurus proclaimed the imminent arrival of the Information Age, business and consumers have eagerly awaiting its coming –and with it, the …paperless‟ office and the …cashless society‟.7Wal-Mart, the discount chain store, created more jobs in the first 30 months of the recovery than any other company in the country, but they generally pay only about $5 to $9 an hour.8But Bernard Attali, chairman of the board of Air France, warned that the …suicidal‟ consequences of cut-throat competition will be massive layoffs and fewer flights to small cities.9Strong increases were registered by consumer spending, business investment, orders for durable goods, sales of existing houses and consumer confidence, while new claims for unemployment compensation have been showing a consistent decline.。