专业英语自考题合(黑大-2013上)

章编码(2位)节编码(1位)顺序号(2位)能力层次预计难度题型编码1011111313222223233142546617171738194101112 101223101312 110434110531111644 112744 120843 1229411231013 1231124 123124112313311231413 1311531 1311641 1311733 1311823 1311941 1312012 1312112 1402222 1412344 1422424 1422533 142263314227341432844144291214430231443131 1523234 1523312 1523441 152352315236121523713152382215239121534024 154412215442341544313 16344221634541题干The difference between a brain and a computer can be expressed in a single word: complexity.Once the overall program strategy has been clearly established,then the syntactic details of the language can be considered. Such an approach is often referred to as “top-down” programming.　If a computer can be made complex enough, it can be as creative as we. Television is the transmission and reception of moving objects image by radio waves.Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.告诉计算机如何工作的过程称为程序设计1.电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图像1.选择适当的程序设计语言是设计中要考虑的一个重要问题.1.电脑与人脑的差异可以概括成一个词—复杂性写程序来处理其他的程序现在开始变为现实第二代计算机仍然依赖于穿孔卡片来进行输入于输出一台超级计算机可以处理巨大数量的科学计算一个小型计算机可以被用来控制一条工厂的组装线在十进制数的系统中，有10位数字是用来构成十进制数字一些超级计算机包含128位宽的总线外设的传输输率通常比中央处理器的传输速率要慢一个硬盘是由一个或多个磁盘和它们的读写磁头组成的一个数据结构是一个特殊的格式，用来组织和存储数据随即算法的结果不仅仅是依存于输入数据，也基于随即数字发生器产生的数值。

以今天的标准来衡量，早期计算是无法容忍的自然语言是人工智能研究领域的一部分C＋＋是面向对象的版本的c，它与c兼容操作系统与应用软件，设备驱动，硬件相结合来管理计算机资源模拟软件是一种计算机软件，它被用来研究模拟物理或抽象的系统，在训练和娱乐领域搜索引擎曾被认为是在因特网投资风暴领域中最明亮的星星，在上个世纪90年代晚期大多数安全都基于秘密之上。

几乎你在自己的系统中的任何改变都会有安全性的影响。

对于不同的人，网络管理的含义也是不同的。

许多用户使用一个单一的口令访问所有的应用程序。

域名可以是绝对的或是相对的。

无线电操作员使用这些波段长距离地谈话。

微波塔越高，微波塔离得就可以越远。

光纤电缆除了没有编结外，与同轴电缆相似。

纯粹的光纤中继器目前也投入了使用。

电视和数据可以混合在一条电缆上传输。

宽带能用于多个方面。

双绞线的最普通的应用是电话系统。

如果现在我们看一下花费，我们能够得到类似的结论。

最古老的且仍然是最常用的传输介质是双绞线。

简单的计算会使这点很清楚。

路由器工作在网络层。

一种相关的会晤服务是令牌管理。

网络不全是专用的。

我们只是刚开始发掘计算机网络的潜力。

计算机不以连续波的形式存储数据。

在分时系统中，用户通过终端访问计算机。

分析员的目标是确定用户需求什么。

用户应该反复阅读和修改这份书面报告。

存取程序和存取数据之间有着一些差异。

最简单的数据结构是列表。

检索数据的关键是记住数据存放在什么地方。

文件由所有的记录组成。

一组相关的字段就是一个记录。

文件中的数据按记录逐个地被处理文件存放在辅助存储器上，如磁盘。

每个成员的姓名和地址都记录在索引卡上。

磁盘驱动器每次只读或写一个记录。

对某件事，不同的应用经常需要同样的数据元素。

人类不必像计算机一样地思维。

程序一旦编成，程序员就必须调试它。

大多数计算机用户不能编程序。

当计算机刚被加电时，主存是空的。

访问磁盘是从查找时间开始的。

最新的辅助存储介质之一是激光视盘。

计算机是把数据处理成信息的机器。

光标的位置确定屏幕上的一个点。

大多数微机的打印机一次只能打印一个字符。

数据流入机器称为输入。

主存中的内容容易改变。

软件是程序的常用术语。

构成现代计算机的基本器件是芯片。

光纤能够以三种不同的方式联接。

电话使得距离遥远的人们能通话。

每一个物理存储单元都被分配一个唯一的地址。

数据在处理器和主存之间一次只能传送一个字节或一个字。

一个计算机文件就是一组任意的信息。

计算机文件里的信息是由更小的信息包组成的。

在现代的计算机系统中，文件很典型化地使用名字（文件名）来存取。

一个需要关注的问题是敏感数据的存储空间因此，数据库的存储控制与数据共享是同等重要的。

应用软件与数据库管理系统的差别消除了这种重复编程。

他们只需要描述所需要的信息。

20年前，很少有人接触过网络。

一个广域网是一个地理上分散的局域网的集合。

这个模型描述了在开放系统互联环境中计算机系统互连的若干原则。

一层应该建立在需要有一个不同抽象层的地方。

每一层应该完成一个明确的功能。

每一层的功能的选择应该借鉴国际标准化协议。

层的边界的选择应该使经过接口的信息流最少。

有两种拓扑结构总线型拓扑结构是一个相当老的话题总线型网络是易于使用、易于理解且费用低廉的简单网络。

一台计算机不能独占该网络。

在过载之后，它仍可以继续运行，但是速度会变慢。

一台计算机的故障可能影响到整个网络。

添加或者删除计算机将会使该网络陷于混乱。

电信号的传输需要传输媒体。

使用屏蔽层来保护导线的想法也被用于双绞线。

计算机网络也使用易于弯曲的玻璃纤维来传输数据。

光纤另一端的接收器则使用光敏元件来检测光脉冲。

尽管光纤有这些优点，但它仍存在一些缺点。

光纤的安装需要专门设备以保证光纤的端面平整光滑以便光能透过。

RF网络所用的天线在物理上可大可小，这取决于所需的通信范围。

通信卫星可以根据其运行轨道的高度进行分类。

从通信提供商的观点看，地面上看起来非静止的卫星带来很多问题。

只有当卫星处于两个地面站之间的期间才能被使用。

HTTP 是标准应用协议。

通常，一个浏览器最多可以建立5个并发连接。

注意：不同版本HTTP可以一起使用。

它由浏览器所支持的压缩软件/硬件决定。

假定所有连接到接入网络的客户端机器中的浏览器都已配置好。

序列开始于浏览器使用GET请求消息向代理服务器请求HTML网页。

代理服务器有该网页的缓存副本和与之相关的该网页的日期。

一旦接收到这个响应，代理服务器返回缓存网页的副本给浏览器。

在文件传输完毕后，数据连接由发送数据的一方关闭。

这是早期因特网中使用的地址分配方案。

近年来，随着因特网覆盖范围的扩展，引入了一组国家域。

域名的分配由负责域名所在区域的权威机构管理。

计算机病毒是20世纪80年代计算机过度发展的结果。

人类病毒闯入一个活体细胞，并且把它变成一个用来生产病毒的工厂。

答案页码电脑与人脑的差异可以概括成一个词：复杂性。

94一旦清楚地制定了全面的编程策略，然后便考虑该语言的句法细节。

这种方法 经常称作“自顶向下”的程序设计法。

如果能把电脑造得足够复杂的话，那么电脑就能像人一样富于创造力。

电视通过无线电波发射和接收活动物体的图像。

名词transmission和reception 转译为动词“选择”。

制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。

单件生产就是生产少量的零件；大量生产就是生产大量的零件The procedure by which a computer is told to work is called programming.Television is the transmission and reception of moving objects image by radio waves.Proper selection of programming language is an important design consideration.The difference between a brain and a computer can be expressed in a single word: complexity.1.It now becomes possible to write programs to process other program.Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printout for output.A supercomputer can handle gigantic amounts of scientific computation.A minicomputer may be used to control an assembly line in a factory.In the decimal number system there are ten digits which are used to form decimal numbers.Some supercomputers contain buses that are 128 bits wide.the data transfer rate of peripherals is usually slower than the transfer rate of the CPU.a hard disk is one or more platters and their associated read write heads.A data structure is a specialized format for organizing and storing data.The behavior of a randomized algorithm is dependent not only on the input data, but also on the values produced by a random numb By today’s standards, early computers were intolerant.Natural language is part of the field of study known as artificial intelligence.C++ is an object-oriented version of C. it is compatible with C.The operation system interacts with application software, device drivers, and hardware to manage a computer’s resources. Simulation software is computer software for simulation of physical or abstract system for research, training or entertainment purp 20. Search engines were also known as some of the brightest stars in the internet investing frenzy that occurred in the late 1990s. Most security is based on secrets.Almost any change you make in your system may have security effects.Network management means different things to different people.Many users employ a single password for access to all applications.Domain names can be either absolute or relative.The radio operators use these bands to talk long distance.The higher the towers are, the further apart they can be.Fiber optic cables are similar to coax, except without the braid.Purely optical repeaters are now being used, too.Television and data can be mixed on one cable.Broadband can be used in various ways.The most common application of the twisted pair is the telephone.If we now look at cost, we get a similar conclusion.The oldest and still most common transmission medium is twisted pair.A simple calculation will make this point clear.Routers work at the network layer.A related session service is token management.Not all networks are private.We have just begun to tap the potential of computer networks.Computers don’t store data as continuous waves.On a time-shared system, users access a computer through terminals.The analyst’s objective is determining what the user needs.The user should review and correct this written statement.There are differences between accessing programs and accessing data.The simplest data structure is a list.The key to retrieving data is remembering where they are stored.The file consists of all the records.A group of related fields is a record.The data in a file are processed record by record.The file is stored on a secondary medium such as disk.Each member’s name and address is recorded on an index card.A disk drive reads or writes one record at a time.For one thing, different application often needs the same data element.Human beings shouldn’t have to think like computers.Once the program is coded, the programmer must debug it.Most computer users can’t program.When the computer is first turned on, main memory is empty.Accessing disk begins with seek time.One of the newest secondary storage media is video disk.A computer is a machine that processes data into information.The cursor’s position defines a point on the screen.Most microcomputer printers print one character at a time.Data flow into the machine as input.Main memory’s contents are easy to change.Software is a general term for programs.The basic building block of a modern computer is a chip.Fiber can be connected in three different ways.Telephone enables people who are long distance away to speak to each other.Each physical storage unit is assigned a unique address.Data move between the processor and main memory a byte or a word at a time.A computer file is a block of arbitrary information.88 Information in a computer file can consist of smaller packets of information88In modern computer systems, files are typically accessed using names (filenames).88 One concern is the control of access to sensitive data.102 Thus the ability to control access to the information in the database is often as importantas the ability to share it.102 The separation between application software and a DBMS removes the need for such reprogramming.104 They need merely to describe the information desired.104 Two decades age, few people had access to a network.110 A wide area network (WAN) is a geographically-dispersed collection of LANs.116 This model describes the principles for interconnection of computer systems in an OpenSystem Interconnection environment.116 A layer should be created where a different level of abstraction is needed.116 Each layer should perform a well-defined function.116 The function of each layer should be chosen with an eye towards defininginternationally standardized protocols.116 The layer boundaries should be chosen to minimize the information flow across the interfaces.116 There are two types of topology.124 Bus topology is fairly old news125 Bus is easy to use and understand and inexpensive simple network125 One computer can not monopolize the network.125 It continues to function after capacity is exceeded but the speed will be slow.125 Failure of one computer can affect the whole network.125 Adding and removing computers disrupts the network.125 The transmission of an electrical signal requires a transmission medium.136 The idea of using a shield to protect wires has a1so been applied to twisted pair.137 Computer networks also use flexible glass fibers to transmit data.138 A receiver at the other end uses a light sensitive transistor to detect the pulses.138 Despite their advantages, optical fibers do have some disadvantages.138 Installing a fiber requires special equipment that polishes the ends to allow light to pass through.138 Physically,the antennas used with RF networks may be1arge or small,depending onthe range desired.138 Communication satellites can be grouped into categories according to the height atwhich they orbit.139 From a communication provider’s point of view,having a satellite that does not appearto remain stationary causes problems.140 The satellite can only be used during the time that its orbit passes between two ground stations.140 HTTP is the standard application protocol.149 Typically, a browser may establish up to five concurrent connections.150 Note that the different versions of HTTP can interwork with each other.151 It is determined by the compression software/hardware the browser supports.152 It is assumed that the browsers in all the client machines attached to the access networkhave been configured153 The sequence starts with a browser requesting an HTML page from the proxy serverusing a GET request message153The proxy server has a cached copy of the page and,associated with it,the date whenthe page was cached.153 On receipt of this, the proxy server returns a copy of the cached page to the browser.154 After the transfer has taken place,the data connection is closed by the side that sendsthe data.156 This was the first scheme that was used to assign addresses in the early Internet.157 Later,as the Internet expanded its area of coverage,so a set of country domains were introduced.160 The allocation of names is managed by the authority responsible for the domain wherethe name is to appear.160 The computer virus is an outcome of the computer overgrowth in the 1980s.168 Human viruses invade a living cell and turn it into a factory for manufacturing viruses.168动词“选择”。