2007年5月SAT真题语法解析

2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (上海卷)英语试卷本试卷分为第I 卷和第II卷两部分。

满分150分。

考试时间120分钟。

第I卷考生注意：1.答第I卷前，考生务必在答题卡和答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、交验码，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号和交验码。

2. 第I卷（1-16小题和25-84小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。

考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。

答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。

答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷一律不给分。

第I卷中的第17-24小题和第II卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上一律不给分。

I. listening comprehensionPart A: Short ConversationDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Coke. B. Coffee. C. Tea. D. Water.2. A. At a restaurant. B. At a studio. C. At a concert. D. At a theatre.3. A. Relieved. B. Worried. C. Confused. D. Depressed.4. A. The Browns. B. The Browns’ son. C. The postman. D. The neighbour.5. A. 7:00. B. 7:10. C. 9:00. D. 9:10.6. A. The ring is not hers. B. She doesn’t have gold rings.C. She prefers gold to silver.D. She lost her silver ring.7. A. The screen doesn’t have to be cleaned.B. The keyboard also needs cleaning.C. The man shouldn’t do the cleaning.D. There’s not enough time to clean both.8. A. The driver will stop the bus immediately.B. The guy by the door will help the woman.C. The woman should check the map.D. He will tell the woman when to get off.9. A. She dislikes fireworks. B. She has plans for the evening.C. She doesn’t feel like going out.D. She has to get theatre tickets.10. A. They can’t see the stars clearly.B. They’re not in the city tonight.C. They’re looking at the stars from the city.D. They’re talking about movie stars.Part B PassagesDirections: In part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It can make her famous. B. It is easy and rewarding.C. It is dangerous but exciting.D. It has its moving moment.12. A. Somebody was killed. B. Nobody was injured.C. Karen was physically hurt.D. Many buildings exploded.13. A. A fierce war. B. A serious injury.C. A terrible explosion.D. A brave journalist.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report.14. A. Internet use is increasing quickly in rural and urban areas.B. More and more rural residents have Internet access.C. People have a limited choice on Internet providers.D. City residents use the Internet frequently.15. A. Over 2 million. B. Around 6 million. C. 23 million. D. 17 million.16. A. More girls have their own websites than boys.B. 1 in 4 kids have Internet access from home.C. Most kids think they get too little time online at school.D. Internet connection at home is quicker than that at school.Part C Longer ConversationsDirections: In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in me numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.B1anks l 7 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Ⅱ. Grammar and V ocabularyDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly ________ size and shape.A. onB. fromC. byD. in26. The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5000 to ______ who can capture the tiger alive or dead.A. bothB. othersC. anyoneD. another27. Alan is a careful driver, but he drives ______ of my friends.A. more carefullyB. the most carefullyC. less carefullyD. the least carefully28. --- Did you tidy your room?--- No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors.A. hadB. haveC. have hadD. will have29. --- Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.--- Great! You ______ read widely and put a lot of work into it.A. mustB. shouldC. must haveD. should have30. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years.A. discoveredB. have discoveredC. had been discoveredD. have been discovered31. --- How was the televised debate last night?--- Super! Rarely ______ so much media attention.A. a debate attractedB. did a debate attractC. a debate did attractD. attracted a debate32. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. ______ it was!A. What a dangerous sceneB. What dangerous a sceneC. How a dangerous sceneD. How dangerous the scene33. Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language.A. asB. thatC. whichD. where34. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him.A. callingB. calledC. being calledD. to call35. There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.A. being persuaded persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade36. The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.A. to be completedB. having been completedC. completedD. being completed37. His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it38. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ______ they are not managed carefully.A. thoughB. beforeC. untilD. if39. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhetherD. Where40. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.A. whenB. whyC. whetherD. that41. At minus 130℃, a living cell can be ______ for a thousand years.A. sparedB. protectedC. preservedD. developed42. Since Tom ______ downloaded a virus into his computer, he can not open the file now.A. readilyB. horriblyC. accidentallyD. irregularly43. My morning ______ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.A. drillB. actionC. regulationD. routine44. John was dismissed last week because of his ______ attitude towards his job.A. informalB. casualC. determinedD. earnestIII. ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Being alone in outer space can be frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo (单独的) space flights were given plenty of work to keep them 45 . They were also constant communication with people on the earth. 46 , being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine (潜水艇) voyages. It will also happen on 47 space flights in the future. Will there be special problem of adjustment under such conditions?Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of 48 is. When men are 49 together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very 50 .Apparently, although no one wants to be 51 all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together, they are in what is called a stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of 52 or stress.People who are well-adjusted are able to 53 stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in 54 our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress.45. A. tired B. asleep C. conscious D. busy46. A. So far B. After all C. However D. Therefore47. A. long B. fast C. dangerous D. direct48. A. fuel B. entertainment C. adjustment D. health49. A. shut up B. held up C. brought up D. picked up50. A. pleasing B. annoying C. common D. valuable51. A. noisy B. alone C. personal D. sociable52. A. emphasis B. conflict C. power D. pressure53. A. handle B. create C. affect D. investigate54. A. becoming B. choosing C. ordering D. promoting(B)One topic is rarely mentioned in all the talk of improving standards in our schools: the almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching. As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total. 55 the faults already found out in the education system as a whole —such as child-centred learning, the “discovery”method, and the low expectations by teachers of pupils —there have been several serious 56 which have a direct effect on language teaching.The first is the removal from the curriculum (课程) of the thorough teaching of English 57 . Pupils now do not know a verb from a noun, the subject of a sentence from its object, or the difference between the past, present, or future.Another important error is mixed-ability teaching, or teaching in ability groups so 58 that the most able groups are 59 and are bored while the least able are lost and 60 bored. Strangely enough, few head teachers seem to be in favour of mixed-ability school football teams.Progress depends on memory, and pupils start to forget immediately they stop having 61 lessons. This is why many people who attended French lessons at school, even those who got good grades, have forgotten it a few years later. 62 they never need it, they do not practice it.Most American schools have accepted what is inevitable and 63 modern languages, even Spanish, from the curriculum. Perhaps it is time for Britain to do the same, and stop 64 resources on a subject which few pupils want or need.55. A. Due to B. In addition to C. Instead of D. In spite of56. A. errors B. situations C. systems D. methods57. A. vocabulary B. culture C. grammar D. literature58. A. wide B. similar C. separate D. unique59. A. kept out B. turned down C. held back D. left behind60. A. surprisingly B. individually C. equally D. hardly61. A. extra B. traditional C. basic D. regular62. A. Although B. Because C. Until D. Unless63. A. restored B. absorbed C. prohibited D. withdrawn64. A. wasting B. focusing C. exploiting D. sharingIV. Reading ComprehensionDirections：Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them mere are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one mat fits best according to me information given in me passage you have just read.(A)What do you want to be when you grow up? A teacher? A doctor? How about an ice-cream taster?Yes, there really is a job where you can get paid to taste ice-cream. Just ask John Harrison, an “Official Taste Tester” for the past 21 years. Testing helps manufacturers to be sure of a product’s quality. During his career Harrison has been responsible for approving large quantities of the sweet ice cream —as well as for developing over 75 flavors (味道).Some people think that it would be easy to do this job, after all, you just have to like ice cream, right? No —there’s more to the job than that, says Harrison, who has a degree in chemistry. He points out that a dairy or food-science degree would be very useful to someonewanting a career in this “cool” field.In a typical morning on the job, Harrison tastes and assesses 60 ice-cream samples. He lets the ice cream warm up to about 12℉. Harrison explains, “You get more flavor from warmer ice cream, which is why some kids like to stir it, creating ice-cream soup.”While the ice cream warms up, Harrison looks over the samples and grades each one on its appearance. “Tasting begins with the eyes,”he explains. He checks to see if the ice cream is attractive and asks himself, “Does the product have the color expected from that flavor?” Next it’s time to taste!Continuing to think up new ideas, try out new flavors, and test samples from so many kinds of ice cream each day keeps Harrison busy but happy —working at one cool job.65. What is John Harrison’s job?A. An official.B. An ice-cream taster.C. A chemist.D. An ice-cream manufacturer.66. According to John Harrison, to be qualified in the “cool field”, it is helpful to ______.A. keep a diary of workB. have a degree in related subjectsC. have new ideas every dayD. find out new flavors each day67. What does Harrison do first when testing ice cream?A. He stirs the ice cream.B. He examines the color of the ice cream.C. He tastes the flavor of the ice cream.D. He lets the ice cream warm up.68. Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage?A. Tasting with EyesB. Flavors of Ice CreamC. John Harrison’s LifeD. One Cool Job(B)69. The Fresh Water series at 9 PM ________.A. explores the lakes, rivers and the creatures in themB. is devoted to the freshwater creatures in the worldC. explains the relationship among inhabitants on the earthD. focuses on the deepest river on the planet70. The phrase “stow away” most probably means “_________”.A. hide secretlyB. talk excitedlyC. operate easilyD. guide successfully71. A mystery story adapted from Agatha Christie’s novel will be shown on ______.A. BBC1B. BBC2C. ITV1D. Channel 4(C)Mail carriers will be delivering some good news and some bad news this week.The bad news: Stamp prices are expected to rise 2 cents in May to 41 cents, the Postal Regulatory Commission announced yesterday. The good news: With the introduction of a “forever stamp,” it may be the last time Americans have to use annoying 2-or-3-cent stamps to make up postage differences.Beginning in May, people would be able to purchase the stamps in booklets of 20 at the regular rate of a first-class stamp. As the name implies, “forever stamps” will keep their first-class mailing value forever, even when the postage rate goes up.The new “forever stamp”is the United States Postal Service’s (USPS) answer to the complaints about frequent rate increases. The May increases will be the fifth in a decade. Postal rates have risen because of inflation (通货膨胀), competition from online bill paying, and therising costs of employee benefits, including healthcare, says Mark Saunders, a spokesman for USPS.The USPS expects some financial gain from sales of the “forever stamp”and the savings from not printing as many 2-or-3-cent stamps. “It’s not your grandfather’s stamp,”says Mr. Saunders. “It could be your great-grandchildren’s stamp.”Other countries, including Canada, England, and Finland use similar stamps.Don Schilling, who has collected stamps for 50 years, says he’s interested in the public’s reaction. “This is an entirely new class of stamps.” Mr. Schilling says. He adds that he’ll buy the stamps because he will be able to use them for a long period of time, not because they could make him rich —the volume printed will be too large for collectors. “We won’t be able to send our kids to college on these,” he says, laughing.The USPS board of governors has yet to accept the Postal Regulatory Commission’s decision, but tends to follow its recommendations. No plans have been announced yet for the design of the stamps.72. The main purpose of introducing a “forever stamp” is ______.A. to reduce the cost of printing 2-or-3-cent stampsB. to help save the consumers’ cost on first-class mailingC. to respond to the complaints about rising postal ratesD. to compete with online bill paying73. By saying “It could be your great-grandchildren’s stamp”, Mr. Saunders means that foreverstamps ________.A. could be collected by one’s great-grandchildrenB. might be very precious in great-grandchildren’s handsC. might have been inherited from one’s great-grandfathersD. could be used by one’s great-grandchildren even decades later74. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The investment in forever stamps will bring adequate reward.B. America will be the first country to issue forever stamps.C. The design of the “forever stamp” remains to be revealed.D. 2-or-3-cent stamps will no longer be printed in the future.75. What can be concluded from the passage?A. With forever stamps, there will be no need to worry about rate changes.B. Postal workers will benefit most from the sales of forever stamps.C. The inflation has become a threat to the sales of first-class stamps.D. New interest will be aroused in collecting forever stamps.(D)The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the same again.In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers,a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made ofcardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10,000 abandoned tents at the end of events each year. For his final year project at the University of the West of England, James Dunlop came up with a material that can be recycled. And to cope with the British summer, the cardboard has been made waterproof.Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect, who has used cardboard to make big buildings including churches, Mr. Dunlop used cardboard material for his tents, which he called Myhabs.The design won an award at the annual New Designers Exhibition after Mr. Dunlop graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business.To raise money for the idea, he toured the City’s private companies which fund new business and found a supporter in the finance group Mint. He introduced his idea to four of Mint’s directors and won their support. Mint has committed around £500,000 to MyHab and taken a share of 30 per cent in Mr. Dunlop’s business. The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer, before being marketed fully next year.Mr. Dunlop said that the design, which accommodates two people, could have other uses, such as for disaster relief and housing for the London Olympics.For music events, the cardboard houses will be ordered online and put up at the sites by the Myhab team before the festival-goers arrive and removed by the company afterwards.They can be personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior (外部的) advertising space.The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants, with Glastonbury having some 150,000 each year. Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals where people camp in the UK. The events are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious.76. “Eco-friendly tents” in paragraph 1 refer to tents _______.A. economically desirableB. favorable to the environmentC. for holding music performancesD. designed for disaster relief77. Mr. Dunlop established his business ______.A. independently with an interest-free loan from MintB. with the approval of the City’s administrationC. in partnership with a finance groupD. with the help of a Japanese architect78. It is implied in the passage that _______.A. the weather in the UK is changeable in summerB. most performances at British festivals are given in the open airC. the cardboard tents produced by Mr. Dunlop can be user-tailoredD. cardboard tents can be easily put up and removed by users.79. The passage is mainly concerned with ______.A. an attempt at developing recyclable tentsB. some efforts at making full use of cardboardsC. an unusual success of a graduation projectD. the effects of using cardboard tents on music festivals(E)Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A—F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.80.There were the older jazz musicians who hung around our house when I was young. I saw how much they practiced, how serious they were about their art. I knew then I had to work just as hardif I wanted to succeed. Of course, my father inspired me a lot, and many teachers took the time to 81.Yes. We ’ve done such a poor job with music education because, as a society, we haven ’t maintained the kind of education that a true artist and musician needs. Young people haven ’t been able to equate romance and talent with music. For instance, most of the people who make it in the music industry today have to look good. How they sound is secondary. Sarah Vaughan, Bessie Smith, Ella Fitzgerald — those big, romantic queens of jazz music wouldn ’t make it in today ’s 82. cadence of their language. I’d call it folk music. When I’m away from home, I make a point of ’s on the radio.83 The same music is on the radio all over the world, and the American sound is overwhelming. Even the pop music that ’s produced and created in foreign countries has that American beat, that underscore of funk. As a musician, I’m not interested in hearing recycled versions of the same genre over and over. Any music that doesn ’t have a development section just isn ’t interesting to 84. The music press has so much to introduce these days, and jazz is just a small fraction of it. Because some people are intimidated by jazz, they don ’t cover it unless it ’s a big name. new jazz musicians don ’t get much of break. A lot of editors don ’t say anything about jazz these days unless it ’s Marsalis. That ’s a shame. What VH1 is doing with their Save the Music campaign is phenomenal. They ’re getting all these instruments out to needy kids. It ’s the kind of thing all networks should be doing.第II 卷（共45分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、 他们的新房子离学校很远。

2007年硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C，and D on ANSWER SHEET 1 （10 points）By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime政权and Iberian Colonialism，many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideas of representative government，careers 4 to talent，freedom of commerce and trade，the 5 to private property，and a belief in the individual as the basis of society，6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states，large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church，9 ，there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown王冠，12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states，some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 集体15 for the conservative 保守派forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian平等主义，valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain's 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute贡物and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue 税收such policies 19 Egalitarian sentiments 感情were often tempered 调和by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule自治and democracy.民主1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants居民[C] peoples [D] individuals2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly [D] hopefully3. [A] shared[B] forgot [C] attained 取得，完成，达到[D] rejected拒绝4. [A] related[B] close [C] open [D] devoted5. [A] access[B] succession[C] right[D] return6. [A] Presumably 大概[B] Incidentally [C] Obviously[D] Generally7. [A] unique[B] common [C] particular[D] typical8. [A] freedom [B] origin[C] impact[D] reform9. [A] therefore[B] however [C] indeed[D] moreover10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted [D] funded12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While13. [A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion [D] influence15. [A] support[B] cry [C] plea[D] wish16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original18. [A] slower [B] faster [C] easier [D] tougher19. [A] created[B] produced[C] contributed [D] preferred20. [A] puzzled by [B] hostile to [C] pessimistic about [D] unprepared for Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates证书of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk怪癖elite soccer later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks，you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon？Here are a few guesses：a）certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills. b）winter-born bathes tend to have higher oxygen capacity which increases soccer stamina. c）soccer mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime at the annual peak of soccer mania. d）none of the above.Anders Ericsson，a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University，says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden，and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment nearly years ago，involved memory：training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject. after about 20 hours of training his digit span had risen from 7 to 20，” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving，and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success coupled with later research showing that memory itself as not genetically determined，led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words，whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode informationmeaningfully，Ericsson determined，was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather，it involves setting specific goals，obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits，including soccer. They gather all the data they can，not just predominance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own lavatory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion：the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or，put another way，expert performers whether in memory or surgery，ballet or computer programming are nearly always made，not born.[410 words]21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what males expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” （Line 4，Paragraph 2）most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey？[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father，like son”Text 2For the past several years，the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column 专栏called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query询问Marilyn vos Savant，who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old；that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal 口头的and visual 可视化的analogies类比，比喻，to envision 想象paper after it has been folded and cut，and to deduce 推想，演绎numerical sequences，数字顺序among other similar tasks. So it is a bitconfusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe （whose IQ is 100）as，What's the difference between love and fondness喜欢？Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence？It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize构想objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded逃避some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly，intelligence encompasses 包含more than a score on a test. Just what does it means to be smart？How much of intelligence can be specified，and how much can we learn about it from neurology神经学，genetics，computer science and other fields？The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score，even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms：the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales （both come in adult and children's version版本）。

2007年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章结构分析本文主要论述了西班牙和葡萄牙的前殖民地在独立以后面临的各种问题。

第一段指出独立运动领导人对于新国家理念的共同之处。

第二段指出领导人存在分歧的方面。

第三段是总结，指出平等主义在新国家的实现比较缓慢。

二、试题具体解析1.[A]natives本地人[B]inhabitants居民[C]peoples民族[D]individuals个人【答案】B【考点】词汇辨析【难度系数】0.422【解析】空的前句指出西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地成为了独立的国家。

空所在的语境为：大约200万这些国家的看到未来。

显然这里填的词应该表示这些国家的居民。

四个选项中B项最能准确表达此项含义，故答案为B。

2.[A]confusedly困惑地[B]cheerfully快乐地[C]worriedly焦虑地[D]hopefully有希望地【答案】D【考点】逻辑搭配【难度系数】0.569【解析】显然这里填的一个词是形容民众是如何看待未来的状况的。

文章首句已经说明这些前殖民地相继独立，对于刚脱离殖民统治的民众来说，这是应该一个令人欣喜的事件，因此，后文的论述也应与此一致。

D项最能反映这一情形，故答案为D。

3.[A]shared分享[B]forgot忘记[C]attained获得[D]rejected拒绝【答案】A【考点】词汇搭配【难度系数】0.418【解析】空所在的语意为：许多独立国家的领导者典型的政府理念，……，以及把个体的信仰作为社会的基础。

显然典型政府、职业、和自由贸易等都是对这一理念的具体说明，应该是这些领导人共同持有的。

能表现一个群体拥有共同想法的动词只有A，故答案为A。

4.[A]related与……有联系[B]close接近[C]open开放的[D]devoted专心致志于做……【答案】C【考点】词汇辨析【难度系数】0.273【解析】我们已经判断出文章对这些领导人行为描述都是正面的，那么职业对有才能的人开放应该符合这种态度，故答案为C。

sat试题及答案解析SAT试题及答案解析1. 阅读下列句子，选择最恰当的词汇填入空白处。

句子：The artist's new painting was a _______ of colors that left the audience in awe.选项：A. explosionB. collectionC. mixtureD. gathering答案：A解析：在这个句子中，"explosion"（爆炸）一词用来形容色彩的强烈和丰富，给人以强烈的视觉冲击，因此是最合适的词汇。

2. 阅读以下段落，回答以下问题。

段落：In the early morning, the sun rose slowly over the horizon, casting a golden glow on the sleepy town. The streets were still quiet, with only a few people walking by.问题：What time of day is described in the passage?答案：Early morning解析：文中提到“the sun rose slowly over the horizon”和“streets were still quiet”，这些描述都暗示了时间是清晨。

3. 完成以下数学题。

题目：If a car travels 120 miles in 3 hours, what is its speed in miles per hour?答案：40 mph解析：速度的计算公式是距离除以时间。

因此，120英里除以3小时等于40英里每小时。

4. 阅读下列句子，判断下列陈述是否正确。

句子：The scientist's hypothesis was proven incorrectafter the experiment.陈述：The experiment confirmed the scientist's hypothesis.答案：错误解析：句子中提到“hypothesis was proven incorrect”，意味着实验结果与科学家的假设相反，因此陈述是错误的。

独立主格结构详解由于独立主格结构特殊的构成及复杂的文法意义，使其成为各个学习阶段的重点与难点。

独立主格结构独立于主句之外，由一个名词或代词充当逻辑主语，后加一个非限定动词或非动词形式作逻辑谓语而构成，意义上相当于一个从句，通常在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、方式及伴随等多种修饰关系，却与主句之间不使用任何连词。

为了便于读者对该结构进行全面的掌握，本文试从其构成、用法、意义及特殊结构等方面进行讲解。

一、独立主格结构的构成1．名词(代词)+现在分词She stood back and looked at him, her face smiling radiantly.她站在后面，望着他，脸上露出灿烂的笑容。

Night falling, we hurried home.夜幕降临时分，我们就赶快回家了。

2．名词(代词)+过去分词He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.他仰卧着，双手叉在一起放在脑袋下面。

His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker had to interrupt his lecture.噪音盖过了演讲者的声音，他不得不中断自己的演讲。

3．名词(代词)+形容词She came into the room, ( her ) ears red with cold.她进屋来，耳朵冻得通红。

The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside.地板又湿又滑，我们不得不呆在外面。

注意：在独立结构中，作主语的名词词组有时可以省去限定词。

4．名词(代词)+副词A damaged motorbike lay on the road, the petrol out.一辆损坏了的摩托车躺在路面上，汽油流出来。

The meeting over, we all went home.会议结束后，我们都回家了。

05年3月强逻辑转折平行Although the poet Claude McKay spent most of his life in the United States, he was a native of Jamaica and wrote some of his poems in the Jamaican dialect.非谓语修饰强逻辑因果Many ancient Eastern rulers favored drinking vessels made of celadon porcelain because it was supposed to reveal the presence of poison.强逻辑因果John believes that plants respond to human attention; he therefore talks to his African violets every night.平行All the demands on soprano Kathleen Battle for operatic performances, solo concerts, and special guest appearances tempt her to sing too often and strain.固定搭配比较One reason that an insect can walk on walls while a human cannot is that the mass of its tiny body is far lower than that of a human‟s body.非谓语逻辑In the 1980‟s, the median price of a house more than doubled, generally outdistancing the rate of inflation.非谓语修饰主谓一致In the nineteenth century, reproductions of cathedrals or castles made entirely of ice often were popular features in North American winter carnivals.强逻辑因果The African tsetse fly does not need a brain, for everything it has to do in life is programmed into its nervous system.强逻辑转折She was concerned about how Hank would react to the incident, but a search of his face showed that he seemed not at all embarrassed or troubled.平行Explaining modern art is impossible, partly because of its complexity but largely because of the rapidity with which it changes强逻辑因果People were unprepared for the sinking of the Titanic simply because they believed that the ship was unsinkable.强逻辑时间When the weather forecaster predicts a severe storm, people usually rush to the supermarket to groceries.强逻辑时间When, after bleak and lonely years in an English public school, he returned to India, he suddenly felt a strong desire to write about the people and land he loved.平行Curiosity about other people, about the ways they think and act, has caused Jeff to meet some fascinating characters as well as some very boring people.固定搭配During seasons when ticks carrying Lyme disease are most prevalent, signs could beposted to deter hikers from venturing into tick-infested areas.强逻辑时间After Morris had spent ten minutes giving an answer, Claudette found he had given her only one item of information beyond what she already knew.强逻辑转折Although the kings and queens of England are considered Canada‟s monarchs, true political power lies with the prime minister, who is elected by the Canadian citizenry.非谓语逻辑Led by vocalist Marlena McGhee Smalls, the Hallelujah Singers of South Carolina help to preserve Gullah tradition through songs and stories.平行隶属Astronomy is the study of celestial bodies in outer space, especially their positions, dimensions, movements and composition.主谓一致All the talk about controlling noise, keeping rivers clean, and planting trees has not impressed people enough to bring about major changes in laws and lifestyles.平行The furnace exploded, blowing off the door, spraying greasy soot all over the basement floor, and rattling furniture and windowpanes throughout the building.强逻辑因果The adaptation of a novel for the screen often requires major adjustments in plot because the two art forms reveal character in different ways.非谓语修饰主谓一致平行The opposing opinions expressed were that the school should be torn down and that it should be kept as a historical landmark.非谓语逻辑Feeling, perhaps, that their votes do not matter, young people are going to the polls in increasingly smaller numbers.05年10月Since的时态Since last September Patricia has been working at the convenience store down the road.非谓语逻辑To help freshmen and sophomores in selecting their courses, juniors and seniors have compiled candid reviews of courses and instructors.平行The landscape artist who designed New York City‟s Central Park believed that providing scenic settings accessible to all would not only benefit the public‟s physical and mental health but also foster a sense of democracy.定语从句In areas where deer roam freely, residents must dress to protect themselves against deer ticks that might transmit diseases.非谓语逻辑定语从句Given the cost of a hardcover book, which typically hovers around $ 25, many consumers ask their book dealers, “When will the paperback be out?”强逻辑因果The article featured the Sea Islands because many of the people there were known to live much as their ancestors of a century ago had lived.定语从句A poetic form congenial to Robert Browning was the dramatic monologue, which let him explore a character‟s mind without the simplifications demanded by stage productions.平行Many eighteenth–and nineteenth–century Romantic poets believed in rebellion against social conventions, the express strong emotions, and the power of imagination.其他At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the proposal to replace the existing Article of Confederation with a federal constitution met with fierce opposition.虚拟When for the first time the United States imported more oil than it exported, Americans should have realized that an energy crisis might be imminent.其他Intimacy, love, and marriage are three different, if interrelated, subjects.固定搭配平行In everything from finding comets to spotting supernovae, amateur astronomers have become so accomplished that professional astronomers sometimes seek their help.强逻辑因果Since scientific advances are central to progress, basic research deserves continuing support.独立主格比较With Americans consuming sugar in record amounts, nutritionists are urging the public to reduce its consumption of sodas, which have largely replaced other, more healthful, beverages.其他Experts disagree about how to define and measure intelligence.定语从句The charges against the organization are being investigated by a committee that includes平行同位语Travel writing often describes a journey of exploration and endurance, a trip that is risky either because of natural hazards or because of political unrest.强逻辑转折Though they had earlier indicated otherwise, the legislators eventually decided to pass the bill.非谓语逻辑Spread by rat fleas, bubonic plague killed millions of people in medieval Europe.主谓一致非谓语修饰Traditional Jamaican music, enriched with rock, jazz, and other modern rhythms from America, was the basis for reggae.省略平行James Barrie, the author of Peter Pan and other plays, is noted for portraying adulthood as unpleasant and childhood as glorious.定语从句主谓一致Medical insurance coverage that requires high monthly premiums is beyond the financial means of many people.介词短语逻辑Among the most flavorful cuisines in the United States, the cuisine of New Orleans is also.比较Meals prepared by the Algonquin Indians, who were farmers as well as hunters, included more maize and pumpkin than did those prepared by other Indian tribesSince的事态Born of Ibuza parents in Nigeria, novelist Buchi Emecheta moved to England in 1962, and has lived since then in North London.06年1月比较The library is older than the courthouse but just as beautiful.同位语Winslow Homer, one of America‟s foremost artists, spent his last 27 years painting on the scenic Maine coast.定语从句Researchers are experimenting with various techniques for preventing the accumulation in water of high levels of nitrogen, which can kill plants and animals.强逻辑时间When的使用固定搭配When the news spread about new goldfields that had been discovered in Nome, Alaska, thousands abandoned Dawson, the site of the previous gold rush. （扩展：news that+句子；news on sth；news of/about sth）强逻辑时间When的使用同位语When the Berlin Wall, long a symbol of the Cold War, began to be torn down in 1989, five million people went to Berlin to celebrate.平行非谓语逻辑To complete the music program, a student must present one vocal performance, one instrumental performance, and one original composition.代词Zookeepers have expanded their definition of care to include concern for the animal‟s mental state as well as for its physical well-being.固定搭配The time and the place for such a large event are subje ct to the approval of the mayor‟s office.（be subject to approval）同位语New Zealand‟s Kaikoura Peninsula, a ruggedly beautiful spit of land, borders an undersea canyon that is home to the sperm whale and the giant squid.比较Like some other great works, the enduring horror tale Frankenstein was first published anonymously; its author, Mary Shelley, wrote the novel when she was not quite nineteen years old.平行The book is useful because it offers not just philosophy and theory but also advice for everyday living比较The Amazon River carries more water than any other river in the world.固定搭配The owners of stadiums that bear the names of now bankrupt companies have a problem deciding what to do about those names.（problem of street crime; problem with my car; have (no) problem (in) doing）During the Fourth of July weekend in 1947, about six million people crowded onto the beach and into the amusements at Coney Island, “America's Playground,” in Brooklyn, New York.强逻辑因果Because fiscal problems will force some cities to lay off firefighters, the state legislature must decide whether to provide those cities with financial aid.主谓一致平行A recently published history of comic books reveals that Batman began as an experiment but became an institution.when的使用A discovery in New Jersey actually contributed to the early economic development of America when, in 1714, a worker uncoveredwhen当；在…之后,一…就…；by when？since when？非谓语逻辑Selected as an astronaut by NASA in 1990, Dr. Ellen Ochoa had spent over 719 hours in space on three flights by 2001.一致The old maxim …Let the buyer beware” suggests that buyers are responsible for inspecting merchandise for flaws before paying for it.Suggest that+句子；suggest doing sth；suggest how/where/what…The same analysts who once favored public-opinion polls now see them as hampering representative government.Santa Fe is one of the oldest cities in the United; its adobe architecture, spectacular setting, and clear, radiant light have long made it a magnet for artists.强逻辑因果非谓语修饰Dime novels, known in nineteenth-century England as “penny dreadfuls,” flourished because increased mechanization of printing and increasing literacy rates made production of large numbers of these books profitable.非谓语修饰Frequently on tour, a band called the Chieftains is revered internationally for itsspirited performancesbe revered as something 作为…; for something~~因为…介词短语+doing 逻辑Psychologists advise that before making any major changes in their lives, people should focus on their goals.which和that都不给力的时候Some beaches are frequently contaminated by untreated sewage that flows into the ocean; the contamination can last for several days.06年5月固定搭配定语从句Worlds leaders agreed that there should be a major organized effort to address poverty, illiteracy, and disease; they then set goals by which progress could be measured.强逻辑因果At lunchtime, Kevin paid for Anita’s hamburger because he owned her money.非谓语当主语Reading poetry aloud usually helps me understand it better.同位语被动One of the most beautiful trees in North America, the chestnut tree was brought nearly to extinction by a fungus during the chestnut blight of 1909.平行A hot-air balloon rises when the air inside it becomes warm, drops when that air cools, and moves sideways when blown by the wind.其他The supply clerk’s carelessness in taking inventory led to a shortage of some items and an excess of others.分号In 1903, physicist Marie Curie became the first woman to win the Noble Prize; in 1911, she became the first person to win it a second time.非谓语逻辑Sometimes called “the founder of art in Texas.” Elisabet Ney completed a sculpture of William Jennings Bryan in her Austin studio in 1899定语从句Professor Brand, who enjoys welcoming international students to her home on Thanksgiving, dressed in Pilgrim clothing to serve the traditional turkey.原句是modifier位置错误平行Chop suey originated in the United states, not, as many people assuming, in China.平行The discrepancy between the richness of Shakespeare’s works and the lack of biographical information about Shakespeare has not diminished over centuries.非谓语逻辑Known by millions for both his recordings and his roles in Hollywood movies, FrankSinatra was dubbed one of the most famous “crooners” in show business.非谓语修饰Our modern solar calendar, established in 1582, is based on the Julian calendar, introduced by Julius Caesar.强逻辑时间As he was describing his first attempt to learn surfing, Jamal was pleased by the interest his classmates were showing.同位语Josephine Baker (1906-1975), one of the most versatile performers of the twentieth century, acquired fame as a dancer, singer, Broadway actress, and movie star.非谓语修饰平行主谓一致In a nearby resort community fewer accidents have been reported and the number of speeding tickets issued has decreased since speed bumps were installed.强逻辑因果Because millions of gallons of freshwater are underground, Florida environmentalists work to educate the public on the dangers of ground pollution.同位语强逻辑因果Because the meteorite Ahnighito, the centerpiece of the Hall of Meteorites, weighs 34 tons, its supports go through the floor and foundation down to the bedrock beneath the museum.强逻辑平行Watermelons have been cultivated for more than 4,000 years, and thumping them to test for ripeness has an equally long history.其他In the eighteenth century, an emphasis on the study of Greek and Latin allowed the English to produce some fine poetry written in classical verse forms. 原文In the eighteenth century, the English emphasis on the study of Greek and Latin allowed it to produce some fine poetry written in classical verse forms.非谓语逻辑Growing up on a farm, my sister and I visited many county fairs, where my parents would exhibit their prize livestock.其他Bertha Lamme received her engineering degree in 1893 and, as a professional, specialized in the design of motors and generators.其他Even minor usage and spelling errors make the reading task harder and can cause readers to suspect that the content of the document is also flawed.定语从句The name “transfe rware” comes from a nineteenth-century technique whereby a pattern is engraved onto a copper roll, printed on tissue paper, and transferred onto earthenware dishes.非谓语逻辑Prizing the brilliance and durability of high quality diamonds, people will spend thousands of dollars for them.。

2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷II）英语试卷第I卷（选择题）第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：haveA.gave B．save C.hat D.made C试卷试题右图中pH＝7时：c(Na+)＞c(CH3COO-) ＞c(OH-)＝c(H+)D试卷试题答案是C。

1.stopA.loseB.womanC.shockD.rose2.breatheA.thickB.southernC.mathematicsD.method3.groundA.houseB.countryC.groupD.cough4.centerA.oceanB.decideC.causeD.socialist5.animalA.acheB.anythingC.advanceD.anxious第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：We _______ last night ,but we went to the concert instead.A.must have studiedB.might studyC.sohuld have studiedD.would study答案是C。

6. — We have booked a room for today and tomorrow.—_______, sir.A. I'm sureB. My pleasureC.It's all rightD. I'll check7. _______ felt funny watching myself on TV.A. OneB. ThisC.ItD. That8. _______ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.A. IfB. SinceC.ThoughD. When9. After two years' research, we now have a _______ better understanding of the disease.A. veryB. farC.fairlyD. quite10. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _______ one.A. better-knownB. well-knownC.best-knownD. most-known11. If Joe' s wife won' t go to the party, _______.A. he will eitherB. neither will heC.he neither willD. either he will12. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _______could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedC.being opened and closedD. to open and close13.1 have _______ all my papers but I still can't find my notes.A. looked throughB. looked forC.looked afterD. looked out14. —I'm sony to have kept you waiting.— _______, Bill.A. You' re welcomeB. Go aheadC.Don't mention itD. No problem15. — Is there anything wrong. Bob? You look sad.—Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ______ of my friends back home.A. have just thoughtB. was just thinkingC.would just thinkD. will just be thinking16. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _______ money these days.A. forB. exceptC.besidesD. with17. _______ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. WhatB. WhyC.WhereD. Which18. Why don't you just _______ your own business and leave me alone?A. makeB. openC.considerD. mind19. — Could you tell me the way to _______ Johnsons, please?—Sorry, we don' t have _______ Johnson here in the village.A. the; theB. the; a C不填; the D. the; 不填20. —Tom, you didn't come to the party last night?—I _______, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.A. had toB. didn'tC.was going -toD. wouldn' t第三节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选项涂黑。

2007 年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Vocabulary ( 10 points )Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1．His wife has been _______a lot of pressure on him to change his job．A．taking B．exerting C．giving D．pushing2．It is estimated that，currently, about 50，000 species become _____every year．A．extinct B．instinct C．distinct D．intense3．John says that his present job does not provide him with enough ______for his organizing ability．scope B．space C．capacity D．range4．Many _______will be opened up in the future for those with a university education．A.probabilitiesB.realities C．necessities D．opportunities5．After his uncle died，the young man _____the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble．A．inhabited B．inherited C．inhibited D．inhaled6．The manager is calling on a______ customer trying to talk him into signing the contract．A.prosperousB.preliminary C．pessimistic D．prospective7．In 1991，while t11e economies of industrialized countries met an economic_____，the economies of developing countries were growing very fast．A．revival B．repression C．recession D．recovery8．The destruction of the twin towers _________shock and anger throughout the world．A．summoned B．tempted C provoked D．stumbled9．About 20 of the passengers who were injured in a plane crash are said to be in _____condition．A．decisive B．urgent C．vital D．critical10．The interactions between China and the US will surely have a significant _______on peace and stability in the Asia—Pacific region and the world as a whole．A．importance B．impression C．impact D．implication11．The poor countries are extremely _______to international economic fluctuations-A．inclined B．vulnerable C．attracted D．reduced12．Applicants should note that all positions are——to Australian citizenship requirements．A．subject B．subjective C．objected D．objective13．We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal ______to employment opportunities．A．entrance B．entry C．access D．admission14．Successful learning is not a(n)________activity but consists of four distinct stages in a specific orderA．only B．sole C．mere D．single15．The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so Can ________the performance of many children．A．withhold B．prevent C．enhance D．justify16．All her hard work __________in the end，and she finally passed the exam．A．showed off B．paid off C．1eft off D．kept off17．In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be，we have to do more than just ________with events．A．put sup B．set up C．turn up D．make up18．The team played hard because the championship of the state was______.A．at hand B．at stake C．at large D．at best19．I don’t think you'll change his mind；once he’s decided on so something he tends to _____it.A．stick to B．abide by C．comply with D．keep on20．Tom placed the bank notes，_________the change and receipts，back in the drawer．A. more thanB. but for C．thanks to D. along withSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory，right ? Dana Denis is just 40 years old，but 21 she’s worried about what she calls’my rolling mental blackouts.””I try to remember something and I just blank out，”she saysYou may 22 about these lapses，calling them ”senior moments ”or blaming "early Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症)．”Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get，the 23 you remember? Well, sort of．But as time goes by, we tend to blame age 24 problems that are not necessarily age—related．“When a teenager can’t find her keys，she thinks it's because she’s distracted or disorganized，”says Paul Gold．“A 70-year-old blames her 25 ．”In fact，the 70-year-old may have been 26 things for decades．In healthy people，memory doesn’t worsen as 27 as many of us think．“As we 28 ，the memory mechanism isn’t 29 ，”says psychologist Fergus Craik．”It’s just inefficient．”/The brain’s processing 30 slows down over the years，though no one knows exactly 31. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and 32 there’s less activity in the brain．But，cautions Barry Gordon，”It's not clear that less activity is 33 ．A beginning athlete is winded（气喘吁吁）more easily than a 34 athlete．In the same way, 35 the brain gets more skilled at a task，it expends less energy on it.”There are 36 you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears，though it 3 7 effort．Margaret Sewell says：”We’re a quick-fix culture, but you have to 38 to keep your brain. 3 9 shape．It’s like having a good body．You Can’t go to the gym once a year 40 expect to stay in top form.”21．A. almost B. seldom C. already D. never22．A. joke B. laugh C. blame D. criticize23．A. much B. little C. more D. less24．A. since B. for C. by D. because25．A. memory B. mind C. trouble D. health26．A. disorganizing B. misplacing C. putting D. finding27．A. swiftly B. frequently C. timely D. quickly28．A．mature B. advance C. age D. grow29．A. broken B. poor C. perfect D. working30．A. pattern B. time C. space D. information31．A . why B. how C. what D. when32．A. since B. hence C. that D. although33．A. irregular B. better C. normal D. worse34．A. famous B. senior C. popular D. trained35．A. as B. till C. though D. yet36．A. stages B. steps C. advantages D. purposes37．A. makes B. takes C. does D. spends38．A. rest B. come C. work D. study39．A. to B. for C. on D. in40．A. so B. or C. and D. ifSection III Reading comprehension (40 points)Directions:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Passage OnePrior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance and preservation.It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it :population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world’s last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world’s peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life.Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that?Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）. Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres---at home, among friends, in community settings---and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, manysmall languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing（同化的）forces of globalization.Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer—aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages.For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient（有活力的）,however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous（原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.41.Minority languages can be best preserved in __________.A．an increasingly interconnected worldB．maintaining small numbers of speakersC．relatively isolated language communitiesD．following the tradition of the 20th century42.According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is _______.A．uncertain B．unrealistic C．foreseeable D．definite43.According to the author, bilingualism can help_________.A．small languages become acceptable in work placesB．homogenize the world’s languages and culturesC．global languages reach home and community settingsD．speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identityputer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it_________.A．makes learning a global language unnecessaryB．facilitates the learning and using of those languagesC．raises public awareness of saving those languagesD．makes it easier for linguists to study those languages45.In the author’s view, many endangered languages are________.A．remarkably well-kept in this modern worldB．exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC．quite possible to be revived instead of dying outD．a unique way of bringing different groups togetherPassage TwoEveryone，it seems，has a health problem。

2007 年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Vocabulary ( 10 points )Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1．His wife has been _______a lot of pressure on him to change his job．A．taking B．exerting C．giving D．pushing 2．It is estimated that，currently, about 50，000 species become _____every year．A．extinct B．instinct C．distinct D．intense 3．John says that his present job does not provide him with enough ______for his organizingability．scope B．space C．capacity D．range 4．Many _______will be opened up in the future for those with a university education．A.probabilitiesB.realities C．necessities D．opportunities5．After his uncle died，the young man _____the beautiful estate with which he changed froma poor man to a wealthy noble．A．inhabited B．inherited C．inhibited D．inhaled 6．The manager is calling on a______ customer trying to talk him into signing the contract．A.prosperousB.preliminary C．pessimistic D．prospective7．In 1991，while t11e economies of industrialized countries met an economic_____，the economies of developing countries were growing very fast．A．revival B．repression C．recession D．recovery 8．The destruction of the twin towers _________shock and anger throughout the world．A．summoned B．tempted C provoked D．stumbled9．About 20 of the passengers who were injured in a plane crash are said to be in_____condition．A．decisive B．urgent C．vital D．critical 10．The interactions between China and the US will surely have a significant _______on peace and stability in the Asia—Pacific region and the world as a whole．A．importance B．impression C．impact D．implication11．The poor countries are extremely _______to international economic fluctuations- A．inclined B．vulnerable C．attracted D．reduced 12．Applicants should note that all positions are——to Australian citizenship requirements．A．subject B．subjective C．objected D．objective13．We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal______to employment opportunities．A．entrance B．entry C．access D．admission 14．Successful learning is not a(n)________activity but consists of four distinct stages ina specific orderA．only B．sole C．mere D．single15．The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so Can________the performance of many children．A．withhold B．prevent C．enhance D．justify 16．All her hard work __________in the end，and she finally passed the exam．A．showed off B．paid off C．1eft off D．kept off 17．In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be，we have to domore than just ________with events．A．put sup B．set up C．turn up D．make up18．The team played hard because the championship of the state was______.A．at hand B．at stake C．at large D．at best 19．I don’t think you'll change his mind；once he’s decided on so something he tends to_____it.A．stick to B．abide by C．comply with D．keep on 20．Tom placed the bank notes，_________the change and receipts，back in the drawer．A. more thanB. but for C．thanks to D. along withSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory，right ? Dana Denis is just 40 years old，but 21 she’s worried about what she calls’my rolling mental blackouts.””I try to remember something and I just blank out，”she saysYou may 22 about these lapses，calling them ”senior moments ”or blaming "early Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症)．”Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get，the 23 you remember? Well, sort of．But as time goes by, we tend to blame age 24 problems that are notnecessarily age—related．“When a teenager can’t find her keys，she thinks it's because she’s distracted or disorganized，”says Paul Gold．“A 70-year-old blames her 25 ．”In fact，the 70-year-old mayhave been 26 things for decades．In healthy people，memory doesn’t worsen as 27 as many of us think．“As we 28 ，the memory mechanism isn’t 29 ，”says psychologist Fergus Craik．”It’s just inefficient．”The brain’s processing 30 slows down over the years，though no one knows exactly 31. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and 32 there’s less activity in the brain．But，cautions Barry Gordon，”It's not clear that less activity is 33 ．A beginning athlete is winded（气喘吁吁）more easily than a 34 athlete．In the same way, 35 the brain gets moreskilled at a task，it expends less energy on it.”There are 36 you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears，though it 3 7 effort．Margaret Sewell says：”We’re a quick-fix culture, but you have to 38 to keep your brain. 3 9 shape．It’s like having a good body．You Can’t go to the gym once ayear 40 expect to stay in top form.”21．A. almost B. seldom C. already D. never22．A. joke B. laugh C. blame D. criticize23．A. much B. little C. more D. less24．A. since B. for C. by D. because25．A. memory B. mind C. trouble D. health26．A. disorganizing B. misplacing C. putting D. finding27．A. swiftly B. frequently C. timely D. quickly28．A．mature B. advance C. age D. grow29．A. broken B. poor C. perfect D. working30．A. pattern B. time C. space D. information31．A . why B. how C. what D. when32．A. since B. hence C. that D. although33．A. irregular B. better C. normal D. worse34．A. famous B. senior C. popular D. trained35．A. as B. till C. though D. yet36．A. stages B. steps C. advantages D. purposes37．A. makes B. takes C. does D. spends38．A. rest B. come C. work D. study39．A. to B. for C. on D. in40．A. so B. or C. and D. ifSection III Reading comprehension (40 points)Directions:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Passage OnePrior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance andpreservation.It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it :population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world’s last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world’s peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better wayof life.Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are mostof the rest doomed in the century after that?Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）. Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres---at home, among friends, in community settings---and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing（同化的）forces of globalization.Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues.Linguists are currently using computer—aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatenedlanguages.For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient（有活力的）,however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous（原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.41.Minority languages can be best preserved in __________.A．an increasingly interconnected worldB．maintaining small numbers of speakersC．relatively isolated language communitiesD．following the tradition of the 20th century42.According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the futureis _______.A．uncertain B．unrealistic C．foreseeable D．definite43.According to the author, bilingualism can help_________.A．small languages become acceptable in work placesB．homogenize the world’s languages and culturesC．global languages reach home and community settingsD．speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identityputer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it_________.A．makes learning a global language unnecessaryB．facilitates the learning and using of those languagesC．raises public awareness of saving those languagesD．makes it easier for linguists to study those languages45.In the author’s view, many endangered languages are________.A．remarkably well-kept in this modern worldB．exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC．quite possible to be revived instead of dying outD．a unique way of bringing different groups togetherPassage TwoEveryone，it seems，has a health problem。

2007年5月语法解析by 史炎naclshiyan85@Section 51. B审题：NR是一个illustrator和一个painter，能够靠它养活自己。

显然这里it空指代，没有只带对象。

排错：A、C排除D：them依然是空指代，没有指代对象排除E：无谓倒装，句式冗长2. B审题：这里call in sick是一个习惯用法，打电话请病假的意思。

这道题的焦点其实就在A、B 两个选项，有同学认为这个因果逻辑关系很明显，所以应该选A，但是其实After作为一个介词，也可以表示因果关系，并且是强调原因和结果有先后顺序，所以用在这里是最恰当的。

这道题的考察点有些偏，希望大家关注一下。

Because of后面一般加名词词组多一些，加动名词我们认为是比较拖沓的。

3. A审题：本题考查逻辑关系和分句连接。

原句转折关系，连接也没有问题，“; however,”这种连接是正确的。

排错：C、D Williams… fighting无谓语E in fact没有转折逻辑关系B though比较少做插入语，这里语序不太好，另外，如果把tough放在正常的位置上，就成了“…score; though…”分号不能和连词连用4. B审题：原句are an example系动词和表语的数不一致，或者理解为主语和表语数不一致。

选优：B 小修不大改排错：C where指代不明D exemplifies主谓一致E they垃圾，指代不明5. D审题：这里大家一定要注意，she set这里的set是一般过去时，为什么呢？因为要和未划线部分的introduced时态照应。

原句also是副词，这里是逗号加副词连接两个独立分句，这是不允许的。

排错：B 时态错误，sets一般现在时C 逗号直接连接独立分句E 这里没有方式状语的逻辑关系，不用by doing6. C审题：很明显就是描述两个并列或者说平行的动作，用and连接就好了，plus这个词的出现往往是错的，并且往往提示我们应当使用and。

2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语第一卷（选择题共115分）第一部分：听力理解（共两节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话後有一道小题，从每题所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话後，你将有10秒中的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话你将听一遍。

例：What is the man going to read?A.A newspaperB.A magazineC A book答案是AA.B.C.1、Where is the man from?A. AtlantaB. New YorkC. Washington,D.C2.How much is the man’s telephone bill?A. $50B. $24C. $303.What does the woman want to watch?A. NewsB. “Animal World”C. Movie4.Which apartment is the woman interested in?A. The one-bedroom apartmentB. The two-bedroom apartmentC. The three-bedroom apartment5.What is the woman doingA. Giving adviceB. Asking the wayC.Making a request第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）听下面6段对话或独白，每段对话或独白後有几道小题，从每题所给的A. B. C.三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。

听完後，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白你将听两边。

听第6段材料，回答第7至7题。

6.Why is the woman late?A. She missed the busB. She couldn’t start her carC. She coulden’t find the key7.Where are the two speakers?A. At a garageB. At a bus stopC. At a restaurant听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

2007年考研英语阅读解翻译与解析2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题解析文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句；有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。

因此，在选择具体题目答案前，把握文章中心对于理解文章语句，把握逻辑关系，确定语意衔接提供了足够的信息依据。

文章首段主题句叙述到By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. 到1830，前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放，宣告成为独立国家。

本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。

本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。

本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。

题目解析：By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked2 to the future.1．［A］natives ［B］inhabitants ［C］peoples ［D］individuals2．［A］confusedly［B］cheerfully ［C］worriedly ［D］hopefully1. 语意辨析题本题目选择名词，在句子中充当主语。

句子叙述到The roughly 20 millionof these nations looked to the future. “这些国家大概有2000万…对未来…。

”选项A. natives 本地人；B. inhabitant居民;C. peoples 民族；D. individuals个体。

不难发现，选项A. natives 本地人，“这些国家大概有2000万本地人…”，符合句子含义；选项B. inhabitant居民，“这些国家大概有2000万居民…”，符合句子含义；选项C. peoples 民族，“这些国家大概有2000万个民族”，显然有悖于常理，不符合句子含义；选项D. individuals 个体，“这些国家大概有2000万个体…”，不符合句子含义，个体一般用于区分于集体时使用。

2007年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析真题：Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.（10 points）The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. （46）Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. （47）On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable comp onent of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.（48）But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. （49）In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. （50）While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.解析：1、Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institution as the special preserve of lawyers,rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.be viewed as 被视为institutions 大学，学院educated 受教育的legal learning 法律学习；学习法律the special preserve（of lawyers）律师的特权；律师的特有领域intellectual equipment 知识体系；知识储备【译文】长久以来，法律知识在这类大学里一直被视为律师们所专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

考情汇总1、难点还是集中在阅读上，小说和双篇文章登顶此次最难的两篇。

2、此次考试的语法部分没有特别难的问题，考生均反映难度适中。

3、写作部分选取的文章非常有利于考生展开分析！4、此次考试数学非常容易，就连北美的同学（美国人）都反映此次数学几乎无压力！5、加试部分为数学，难度依旧非常低。

阅读部分第一篇：小说小说选自美国经典现实主义小说 Sister Carrie，XXX为 Theodore Dreiser，最早出版于1900年。

小说描述了一个贫困的乡村姑娘来到大城市生活，内心向往富足的生活。

为了摆脱穷困，先后跟推销员和酒店经理同居，最后历经磨难，终成一个著名演员。

小说截取的部分在论述 Carrie 在看一出关于纽约奢华生活的舞台剧。

台上演员华衣美服，居所装修华丽，生活应有尽有。

Carrie 不免生出羡慕向往之心。

舞台剧还体现了这些生活在理想状态人还收到感情爱情嫉妒的折磨，这更让Carrie 羡慕，谁不愿意坐在金椅子里发愁，谁会不愿意在洒了香水的挂毯、有坐垫的家具和穿着制服的仆人那样的条件下受些折磨呢？回到她小小的 flat（套间），Carrie 暗暗下决心，假如我不能过上那样的生活，我就等于没有活过，或者说自己活过。

第二篇、自然科学科研型文章研究的主要目的在于探究人类大脑如何区分现实和虚拟（广告/小说人物/童话)信息。

研究者呈现给受试者不同的场景：一，广播听到或报纸阅读到关于布什(总统)和灰姑娘，二，跟总统或跟灰姑娘共进晚餐。

然后利用 MRL 研究他们大脑不同区域的活跃度。

现实和虚拟信息都会激起大脑某些区域比如管记忆的海马沟。

不同的是，现实信息还会激起独特的一个脑区域，这个脑区域跟短时记忆和注意力有关。

一直相对，虚拟的信息会激起一个跟语言相关的脑区域。

研究者后来又在另一拨受试者重复了实验，这次根据跟受试者现实相关的程度设置信息。

结果还是成立，研究者进一步拓展，现实和虚拟其实跟不在于人物本身的现实程度，更跟信息与受试者现实生活的相关度有关。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9, there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aidfrom Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully3. [A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected4. [A] related[B] close[C] open[D] devoted5. [A] access[B] succession[C] right[D] return6. [A] Presumably[B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally7. [A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical8. [A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform9. [A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While13. [A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence15. [A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original18. [A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher19. [A] created[B] produced[C] contributed[D] preferred20. [A] puzzled by[B] hostile to[C] pessimistic about[D] unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills;b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers –whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the texttries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as,What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may bedifferent.[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of humanintelligence.28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computationalprocedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fellsick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent –and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33. According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year –from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley – have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.” Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School.“Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems tofind out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the pointthat[A] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bossesfail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids’ Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG. Build Your Kids’ Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness.”大41家You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically reviewtheir emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.大42家Kids need a range of authentic role models – as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.大43家Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.大44家Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.大45家They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be carefulnot to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2007年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1. B2. D3. A4. C5. C6. D7. B8. A9. B 10. C11. A 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B16. D 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. DPart B (10 points)41. F 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. EPart C (10 points)46. 长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

英语试题解析Section I Vocabulary and Structure(10 points)1．答案为B。

本题考点为宾结构搭配。

根据上下文，只有B项exerting与后面的pressure 搭配恰当，意为“施加压力”；故选项B为正确答案。

译文：他的妻子一直在给他施压，要他跳槽。

2．答案为A。

本题考点为形容词语义辨析。

extinct意为“灭绝”，其他选项意思不对。

根据题意，A为正确答案。

译文：据估计，目前每年约有50 000个物种灭绝。

3．答案为A。

本题考点为名词的词义辨析。

A项scope意为“(活动)范围，机会，余地”，B项space意为“空间”，c项capacity意为“容量、能力”，D项range意为“范围，射程”。

故选项A符合译文：约翰说他目前的工作不能为他的组织能力提供充分的活动余地。

4．答案为D。

本题考点为名词的词义辨析。

A项意为“可能性”，B项意为“现实”，c项意为“必要性”，D项意为“机会”。

根据上下文，选项D符合题意。

译文：在将来，很多机会将展现在受过大学教育的人的面前。

5．答案为B。

本题考点为几个形近动词的词议辨析。

A项意为“居住”，B项意为“继承”，c项意为“禁止”，D项意为“吸入”。

根据题意，选项B为正确答案。

译文：年轻人在叔父死后继承了漂亮的庄园，从一个穷人变成了有钱的贵族。

6．答案为D。

本题要考的是形容词与名词的搭配。

A项意为“繁荣的”，B项意为“初步的”，c项意为“悲观的”，D项意为“预期的”。

根据题意，选项D为正确答案。

译文：经理正在拜访一个预期的客户，试图说服他签订这项协议。

7．答案为C。

本题考的是名词的词义辨析。

A项意为“复苏”，B项意为“镇压”，c 项意为．“衰退、不景气”，D项意为“恢复”。

根据题意，选项c为正确答案。

译文：1991年，当工业化国家遭遇经济萧条的时候，发展中国家的经济却快速增长。

8．答案为Ｃ。

本题考的是动宾结构的搭配。

A项意为“召集”，B项意为“引诱”，c 项意为“激怒”，D项意为“绊倒”。

SAT语法真题详解-官方题库实录OG110. Greek yogurt contains slightly more protein per serving, thereby helping people stay satiatedfor longer periods of time.A. NO CHANGEB. fulfilledC. complacentD. sufficient解析：一般来说近义词的学习同学们可以查询英英词典，感受词语之间的细微差别，并且知道词汇的具体用法。

satiated 充分满足的a feelingor condition of being full after eating foodfulfilled to do what is required by (something, such as a promise or a contract)/ to succeed in doing orachieving sth一般是说fulfill a promise/dream/task.实现、达成complacent：satisfied with how things are and notwanting to change them 满足的sufficient: having or providingas much as is needed 足够的（分量）句子意思是：因为含有的蛋白质多，所以能够使人们的饱腹感维持时间更长。

这里意思应该是A。

13. Typically, the ice sheet begins to show evidence of thawing in late summer. Thisfollowsseveral weeks of higher temperatures.A. summer, followingB. summer, and this thawing followsC. summer, and such thawing followsD. summer and this evidence follows解析：从意思上来判断感觉四个都对。