同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-95(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Oral Communic(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Dialogue One(总题数：1，分数：3.00)A. Maybe today is my lucky day.B. It will be so cool to win it.C. We can be the lucky winner.A: Hey, did you hear that? The lottery is up to 1 million Yuan this time. 1 .B: Come on. Don"t be silly. You are really daydreaming.A: I know the chances of winning the lottery are remote. But 2 .B: But you know many people buy the tickets every week and still haven"t won a cent. Don"t waste your money.A: I still would like to try my fortune and buy a lottery ticket. 3 .（分数：3.00）四、Dialogue Two(总题数：1，分数：3.00)A. You should hang on to the sharesB. They took a hit last week.C. It"s nothing too serious.A: Have you made money from your stock recently?B: My stocks are losing a little bit, but 1 . How about you?A: It really sucks! I was bullish on the financial stocks. So I put all money on them, but 2 . B: Take it easy. The index will surely rebound above 5,000 points. 3 until their prices are higher. A: Yeah. I really wish the market can jump immediately thus to earn all back.（分数：3.00）五、Section B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)A. I shouldn"t depend on only one way of investment.B. I will consider what you have told me carefully.C. It is a package of different investments.D. You can go to a financial adviser.A: Bob, I don"t want to have my money just sitting in the bank. If not real estate right now, what do you suggest?B: I think you"d better get some professional advice. I mean 1 . They"d be able to put together a sensible portfolio for you.A: Portfolio? What exactly is that?B: 2 , such as stocks, bonds, gold, foreign currencies.A: I see. So what"s the advantage?B: Well, as I said earlier, it helps put your money into different investments, which will lower the risks involved.A: So you mean 3 ?B: Yeah, definitely.A: Thanks. Money management is not easy. 4 .（分数：4.00）六、Part Ⅱ Vocabulary(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite ______ qualified sources of information and examples.（分数：1.00）A.unbiasedB.manipulatedC.distortedD.conveyed2.It is apparent that winning the scholarship is ______ of one"s intelligence in the field of physics.（分数：1.00）A.parallelismB.alliterationC.testimonyD.rhythm3.In court he repeated his ______ that he was not guilty in front of the jury.（分数：1.00）A.impressionsB.alliterationsC.clausesD.assertions4.Shopping malls have some advantages in suffering from shorter periods of ______ business.（分数：1.00）A.staleB.slackC.ferrousD.abundant5.According to the Geneva ______ no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.（分数：1.00）A.CustomsB.CongressesC.ConventionsD.Routines6.Before the general election many senior citizens signed the ______ against the spreading of nuclear arms.（分数：1.00）A.contractB.petitionC.supplicationD.potential7.Scientists believe that there is not enough oxygen in the Moon"s atmosphere to ______ plant life.（分数：1.00）A.adaptB.personalizeC.sustainD.describe8.I can"t remember exactly what triggered the explosion but it was pretty ______.（分数：1.00）A.estimatingB.devastatingC.reprocessingD.preferring9.The industry has pumped ______ amounts of money into political campaigns, making it less and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly.（分数：1.00）A.potentialB.substantialC.massiveD.traditional10.I was entrusted to ______ to a newspaper article making predictions for the New Year.（分数：1.00）A.contributeB.detractC.convertD.entail七、Part Ⅲ Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)九、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：3.00)If income is transferred from rich persons to poor persons, the proportion in which different sorts of goods and services are provided will be changed. Expensive luxuries will give place to more necessary articles, rare wines to meat and bread, new machines and factories to clothes and improved small dwellings; and there will be other changes of a like sort. In view of this fact, it is inexact to speak of a change in the distribution of the dividend in favor of, or adverse to, the poor. There is not a single definitely constituted heap of things coming into being each year and distributed now in one way, now in another. In fact, there is no such thing as the dividend from the point of view of both of two years, and therefore, there can be no such thing as a change in its distribution.This, however, is a point of words rather than of substance. What I mean when I say that the distribution of the dividend has changed in favor of the poor is that, the general productive power of the community being given, poor people are getting more of the things they want at the expense of rich people getting less of the things they want. It might be thought at first sight that the only way in which this could happen would be through a transference of purchasing power from the rich to the poor. That, however, is not so. It is possible for the poor to be advantaged and the rich damaged, even though the quantity of purchasing power, i. e. of command over productive resources, held by both groups remains unaltered. This might happen if the technical methods of producing something predominatingly consumed by the poor were improved and at the same time those of producing something predominatingly consumed by the rich were worsened, and if the net result was to leave the size of the national dividend as defined in Chapter V. unchanged. It might also happen if, by a system of rationing or some other device, the rich were forced to transfer their demand away from things which are important to the poor and which are produced under such conditions that diminished demand leads to lowered prices. Per contra—and this point will be seen in Part Ⅳ. To be very important practically—the share, both proportionate and absolute of command over the country"s productive resources held by the poor may be increased, and yet, if the process by which they acquire this greater share involves an increase in the cost of things that play a large part in their own consumption, they may not really gain. Thus a change in distribution favorable to the poor may be brought about otherwise than by a transference of purchasing power, or command over productive resources, to them, and it does not mean a transference of these things to them. None the less, this sort of transference is the most important, and may be regarded as the typical, means by which changes in distribution favorable to the poor come about.（分数：3.00）(1).The method in which the writer believes is most effective for the poor benefiting from the rich is ______.（分数：1.00）A.amassing all products from the last two years and reallocating themB.ensuring the majority of products available are more useful to the poorC.offering low priced stock that the poor could affordD.by limiting the buying of the rich(2).Why does the author use the term "the dividend" even though he has acknowledged that in fact it does not exist?（分数：1.00）A.He is attempting to describe a transmittal circumstance.B.He is articulating a metaphysical theory.C.He is clarifying a situation.D.He is devising an econometric formula.(3).Does the author believe that transference of purchasing power is effective in benefiting the poor?（分数：1.00）A.No, he believes evenly distributing all resources is best.B.No, he believes rationing of the rich is eminent.C.Yes, he believes it is possible to limit the rich and make products for the poor more accessible.D.Yes, distribution is influenced by transference and as a result the poor prosper.十、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Reforming the Social Security retirement program is an issue of enormous practical importance. Yet it remains the missing piece in American policy analysis. At a time when the Congress and the Administration are considering ways to reform welfare, Medicare, Medicaid, and the income tax, elected officials are still unwilling to confront the serious problems of our Social Security system. Eventually, however, its deteriorating financial condition will force major reforms. Whether those reforms are good or bad, whether they deal with the basic economic problems of the system or merely protect the solvency of existing institutional arrangements will depend in part on whether we, as economists, provide the appropriate intellectual framework for analyzing reform alternatives.Major policy changes that affect the public at large can only happen in our democracy, when there is widespread public support for the new direction of policy. In the field of economics, the views of the media, of other private-sector opinion leaders, and of politicians and their advisers, depend very much on their perception of what economists believe feasible and correct. Fundamental policy reforms in a complex area like social security also require the development of technical expertise, both in and out of government, about the options for change and their likely consequences. Fortunately, an expanding group of economists is now thinking and writing about social security reform. My remarks today greatly benefit from what they have written and from my conversations with many of them.I began to do my research on the effects of Social Security reform nearly 25 years ago (Feldstein, 1974, 1975). A central concept in my analysis of Social Security has been the notion of "Social Security wealth" which I defined as the present actuarial value of the Social Security benefits to which the current adult population will be entitled at age 65 (or are already entitled to if they are older than 65) minus the present actuarial value of the Social Security taxes that they will pay before reaching that age. Social Security wealth has now grown to about $11 trillion or more than 1.5 times GDP. Since this is equivalent to more than $50,000 for every adult in the country, the value of Social Security wealth substantially exceeds all other assets for the vast majority of American households. In the aggregate, Social Security wealth exceeds three-fourth of all private financial wealth, as conventionally measured.Social Security wealth is of course not real wealth but only a claim on current and future taxpayers. Instead of labeling this key magnitude "Social Security wealth", I could have called it the nation"s "Social Security liability". Like ordinary government debt, Social Security wealth has the power to crowd out private capital accumulation, and Social Security wealth will continue to grow as long as our current system remains unchanged, displacing an ever larger stock of capital. The $11 trillion Social Security liability is three times as large as the official national debt. Although I certainly welcome the current political efforts to shrink future budget deficits, itis worth noting that, even if the traditional deficit is eliminated in the year 2002, so that the national debt is then no longer increasing, the national debt in the form of the Social Security liability is likely to increase that year by about $300 billion.Looking further into the future, the aggregate Social Security liability will grow as the population expands, as it becomes relatively older, and as income rises. Government actuaries predict that, under existing law, the tax rate required to pay each year"s Social Security benefit will rise over the next 50 years from the present level of slightly less than 12 percent to more than 18 percent, and perhaps to as much as 23 percent.（分数：5.00）(1).The deterioration financial condition referred to was caused by ______.（分数：1.00）A.a poor economic approach to the Social Security retirement programB.the reform of welfare in the Social Security retirement programC.major policy changes in the Social Security retirement programernment debt in the Social Security retirement program(2).In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word "alternatives" refers to ______.（分数：1.00）A.coursesB.thoughtsC.peopleD.occasions(3).According to the author, major policy changes can only happen in ______.（分数：1.00）A.social security wealth in the United StatesB.democratic countriesC.a country where and when opinion upholds changeD.all of the above(4).In paragraph three, the name and the dates between parentheses ______.（分数：1.00）A.are a question of personal styleB.represent vital new informationC.identify the authorD.refer to a different author(5).The definition of Social Security wealth ______.（分数：1.00）A.applies to the benefits payable before age 65B.does not apply to benefits after age 65C.includes the present actuarial value paid before age 65D.was formulated two and a half decade ago十一、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Sofia Coppola"s "Lost in Translation" is a funny, bittersweet movie that uses cultural dislocation as a metaphor for people who have gotten lost in their own lives. The movie contains priceless slapstick from Bill Murray, finely tuned performances by Murray and the beautiful Scarlett Johansson and a visual and aural design that cultivates a romantic though melancholy mood. In only her second feature, Coppola has made a poised, intelligent film that nicely balances laughs with a poignancy rarely seen in American movies. If Focus Features markets "Lost in Translation" carefully, this most original comedy could win audiences well beyond art houses.Bob Harris (Murray) is a grumpy movie star in town to shoot a whiskey commercial. He is not only plagued by jet lag and gloom over a deteriorating marriage of many years, he is also in the midst of a midlife crisis that dampens his spirits but not his wit.Charlotte (Johansson), the neglected wife of a photographer, experiences a similarair-conditioned nightmare. Married two years, she already feels lost in the relationship, unable to participate in her husband"s career or pinpoint what she wants out of life. When she ventures into the city, she is confronted by a distorted version of western modernity.These two people discover each other late at night at the bar. Neither one can sleep. A friendship evolves in their mutual isolation.Coppola sees in Tokyo"s crowded, neon-lit urban landscape a society estranged from its own culture. The night is filled with pleasure-seekers obsessed by games, toys and American pop culture. Only when Charlotte takes a train to Kyoto is she able to experience the old Japan of ancient temples and gardens, tea houses and kimono-clad figures. This role fits Murray like his own skin. A middle-aged burnout who sees no challenges on his horizon gradually changes into a man revitalized by another alienated soul. His comic touch enriches the character with a self-deprecating wit and in a few sequences, a rubbery physicality that earns sustained laughs. Johansson makes Charlotte"s loneliness and disillusionment palpable as the woman is cut off from life in ways she never imagined.Using high-speed film stock, cinematographer Lance Acord gives the glaring neon and numbingly sleek interiors a kind of romantic sheen. The score produced by Brian Reitzell created out of Japanese musical themes and "Tokyo dream-pop" adds to the sense of an Eastern city that has succumbed in large measure to Western culture.（分数：6.00）(1)."Lost in translation" is a movie about ______.（分数：1.00）A.a couple who sought happiness in a foreign countryB.some westerners keen on learning the oriental cultureC.the funny experiences of some film-making crew in JapanD.people whose lives got disrupted in an alien culture(2).The boldfaced word "poignancy" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.（分数：1.00）A.happinessB.clarityC.clevernessD.sadness(3).Which of the following is NOT true about Bob Harris?（分数：1.00）A.He is a bad-tempered movie star.B.He is sad because of his unhappy marriage.C.He is a bit slow as he is in a midlife crisis.D.He is one of Charlotte"s friends.(4).Charlotte sees no hope in life because ______.（分数：1.00）A.she feels alienated from her busy husbandB.she feels unable to stand the hardships in JapanC.she has been abandoned by her husbandD.she has had a recurring nightmare about her death(5).The two characters in the film can be described as ______.（分数：1.00）A.exhausted but happyB.energetic but indifferentC.enthusiastic and romanticD.emotionally tired and lonely(6).It can be learned that "Tokyo dream-pop" ______.（分数：1.00）A.was adapted to the music of the filmB.was composed by Brian ReitzellC.must be a theme song sung in the movieD.must be about Tokyo"s Westernization十二、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：6.00)"Refrigerator production in China jumped from 1.4 million units in 1985 to 10.6 million in 1998," according to David Fridley, a researcher in the Department of Energy"s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA.The Global Environmental Facility, through the United Nations Development Program, has decided to fund 9.3 million of the $40 million program to help the government of China transform its market for refrigerators. The refrigerator project began in 1989 when the EPA signed an agreement with the government of China to assist in the elimination of CFCs from refrigerators. Berkeley Lab has been involved in the project since 1995 through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, developing the market transformation program based on the success of the first phase of the project, which involved designing and testing CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) free, energy-efficient refrigerators. Fridley says that beyond his technical supervisory role, the Laboratory will be involved in training and working with the State Bureau of Technical Supervision as the new efficiency standards are developed."Market transformation," Fridley explains, "is the process of shifting consumer demand for a product, in this case to a more energy-efficient, environmentally favorable product through voluntary, market based means such as technical assistance and training for manufacturers, consumer education, and financial incentives to manufacture and sell the more efficient produce." "Collectively, we developed a technical training program for Chinese refrigerator manufactures interested in developing CFC-free, efficient refrigerators; a financial incentive program to motivate manufacturers to build the most efficient refrigerator possible; and a mass purchasing program for Chinese government agencies that acquire refrigerators in bulk," Fridley says.In 1998, the refrigerator project was awarded an International Climate Protection Award by the EPA. "It is not widely known in the United States, but China has had an energy efficiency policy in place since the early 1980s," says Mark Levine, Environmental Energy Technologies Division director and an advisor to the Chinese government on energy efficiency. "The government of China is committed to using energy more efficiently, and this has allowed the economy to grow at nearly twice the rate of energy consumption.""The Energy-Efficient Refrigerator Project will have a significant, direct effect on reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. We at Berkeley Lab are grateful to have the chance to work with the people and government of China on this project, as well as on our other refrigerator production projects in energy data analysis, appliance efficiency standards, and technical advice on cogeneration plants," adds Levine.（分数：6.00）(1).The main idea of this passage is ______.（分数：1.00）A.about refrigerator production in ChinaB.about the energy-efficient refrigerator project in China aided by the UNC.about the American aid to the Chinese government in environmental protectionD.about the tremendous increase of China"s refrigerator production(2).From what the two American researchers said we can conclude that ______.（分数：1.00）A.the American experts working in the refrigerator project are disappointed with China"s refrigerator productionB.the American researchers are particularly worried about China"s over-emission of CFC into the airC.the American researchers in refrigerator technology enjoy their opportunity to work in ChinaD.the American experts sees China as the best place to increase their export of refrigera tor technology(3).According to Fridley, "market transformation" means ______.（分数：1.00）A.giving a practical guide to the consumers" needs as which products are betterB.strengthening the training of designers and manufacturers and educate the consumers to distinguish right products from the fake onesC.producing high-quality products that can reach the international standards for environmental protectionD.trying to meet the demand of the consumers by improving the quality of products comprehensively(4).The following statements about Berkeley Lab are true EXCEPT ______.（分数：1.00）A.it began a project with the government of China in 1989 to assist in the development of CFC-free, efficient refrigeratorsB.it provided technical assistance and training for Chinese refrigerator manufacturersC.it helped to develop a mass purchasing program for Chinese government agenciesD.it cooperated with the government of China on several refrigerator projects(5).The pronoun "it" in the sentence "It is not widely known in the United States" (Para. 5) may refer to ______.（分数：1.00）A.an International Climate Protection AwardB.the EPA, that is, the U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyC.the refrigerator project mentioned in the passageD.the mass purchasing program for Chinese government agencies(6).The reason why the Energy-Efficient Refrigerator Project is important to China"s further development is that ______.（分数：1.00）A.the project will have a direct effect on reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissionsB.the Chinese government is eager to improve its people"s living conditionsC.the Chinese government is determined to protect the environment from being destroyed by industrial pollutionD.the Chinese government is eager to up-to-date the production of its electronic industry 十三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A. Build Your Kid"s Work SkillsB. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesC. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisD. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesE. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job"s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult"s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call "work-life unread ness".1You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.2Kids need a range of authentic role models-as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying "I have no idea." They can change their minds 200 times, but having onlya foggy view of the future is of little good.3Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should e responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting4Paying video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.5They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must fell that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.（分数：5.00）十四、Part Ⅳ Cloze(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Can exercise be a bad thing? Sudden death during or soon after strenuous exertion on the squash court or on the army training grounds, is not unheard of. 1 trained marathon runners are not immune to fatal heart attacks. But no one knows just 2 common these sudden deaths linked to exercise are. The registration and investigation of such cases is very patchy; only a national survey could determine the true 3 of sudden deaths in sports. But the climate of medical opinion is shifting in favor of exercise, for the person recovering from a heart attack as 4 as the average lazy individual. Training can help the victim of a heart attack by lowering the 5 of oxygen the heart needs at any given level of work so the patient can do more before reaching the point where chest pains indicate a heart starved of oxygen. The question is, should middle-aged people, 6 particular, be screened for signs of heart disease before taking up vigorous exercise?Most cases of sudden death in sport are caused by lethal arrhythmias in the beating of the heart, often in people 7 undiagnosed coronary heart disease. In North America anyone over 35 is advised to have a physical check-up and even an exercise electrocardiogram. The British, on the whole, think all this testing is unnecessary. Not many people die from exercise, 8 , and ECGs (心电图) are notoriously inaccurate. However, two medical cardiologists at the Victoria Infirmary in Glasgow, advocate screening by exercise ECG for people over 40, or younger people 9 at risk of developing coronary heart disease. Individuals showing a particular abnormality in their ECGs 10 , they say, a 10 to 20 times greater risk of subsequently developing signs of coronary heart disease, or of sudden death.（分数：10.00）A.ThenB.ThoughC.SinceD.EvenA.whyB.howC.ifD.whatA.initiation。
Section B的题型一：摘录形式The saying“Clothes Make the Man”dates back some400years and it refers to the fact that when people see a well-dressed person,they assume that person is professional,capable,and(especially in the old days)rich.Therefore,you had to dress like how you wanted to be perceived,what you wanted to eventually achieve. Fast forward400years,lots of folks still think the same way.But does it really make a difference?I happen to be one of those who do not put faith in the old saying.I suppose I might be in the minority but I am a member of an elite club with the likes of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates in my camp.Perception is not reality;perception is halfway to discovering reality.Perception is drawn from our own impressions,our own belief systems.Is it powerful and influential?Absolutely!Is it all that it seems?Less often than you think.How many times have you cast an initial judgment only to surprise yourself later and learn how you missed out on a great opportunity,person or idea?Comment1:In the present era,many associate the well-dressed with being the most successful.It took folks in the business world a long time to overlook the way Steve Jobs wore jeans on the public stage.I did not know Mr.Jobs,though I wish I had.I have heard it said that he invented the concept of“business casual.”In my mind that is as much a matter of self-confidence as it is a matter of taste in clothing.Comment2:You are wrong about Steve Jobs.He certainly did care about how he was perceived and his appearance was very much calculated to achieve his desired effect From his early formal business clothing down to the aggressive casualness of his eventual black turtle neck and jeans uniform,his clothes and the impact they made were clearly foremost in his mind.Comment3:It reminds me of the story about the philosopher who goes to a formal dinner party in jeans.When asked if he felt out of place because of his clothes,he looked around and said he hadn’t noticed.41.Which of the following might the writer of the passage agree with?A.Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dress formally.B.We should not judge a person by his clothing.C.It is clothes that make the man.D.The well-dressed are more likely to succeed.42.According to the writer of the passage,perceptionA.might prove wrongB.is powerful and reliableC.is half realityD.might be worthless to us43.The writer of Comment1seems to_______________.A.dislike the way Steve Jobs dressed for business occasionsB.suggest that business people have no taste in clothingC.believe that the well-dressed are the most successfulD.think that Steve Jobs’casualness reflected his self-confidence44.Speaking of Steve Jobs,the writer of Comment2_____________.A.points out that Steve Jobs was a very aggressive personB.suggests that he and Steve Jobs used to be in the same clubC.holds the same view as the writer of the passageD.thinks Steve Jobs’casualness was carefully thought out45.When he went to the dinner party in jeans(Comment3),the philosopherA.thought that people liked his clothesB.was not aware of how his clothes lookedC.felt quite embarrassedD.considered himself out of placePsychologists warn that plastic surgery can lead to an identity crisis,among other psychological issues.If you were a fan of the MTV reality series The Hills,you’ll remember the complete physical transformation of Heidi Montag.In mere months, she went from a petite(娇小的),natural beauty from Colorado to resembling some sort of blonde Barbie as a result of multiple facial and body reconstructive surgeries that she didn’t even attempt to hide from the public.What’s worse is that she was in her early20s at the time.We all figured that deep psychological issues were at the root of Montag’s shocking procedure list,and now,according to a number of U.S.psychologists,we can safely assume that she may also be suffering from an identity crisis.Psychologist Paul Lorene tells the Daily Mail that most patients undergo cosmetic surgery for the wrong reasons,wanting to look similar to a particular model or actor.“They have this glorified picture of this perfect identity,”he says,and this can lead to deep psychological problems when the patients discover the identity they were after isn’t actually perfect.Often people don’t realize the attachments they have to their facial features until they alter them with surgery.Perhaps you always hated your large nose,but whether you liked it or not,it was a part of you for your life thus far.If you have surgery to make it smaller,it is reasonable to believe that your identity could suffer if you end up feeling disconnected from your own face that is now unfamiliar.Do you think cosmetic surgeries can cause identity crisis?Comment1:The image that people see in the mirror and take for granted actually runs deeper. After appearance-altering surgery,some patients come to realize“that imperfection is actually part of their identity”.Comment2:The identity crisis exists long before the surgery takes place.If you don’t get plastic surgery you will still have an identity crisis.I have identity crisis every morning when I look in the mirror.When did I get older?And where the hell is my hair? Comment3:To quote American Judge Judy,“Beauty fades,dumb is forever.”Comment4:When you look in the mirror and don’t recognize yourself,then you have an identitycrisis.Really,these studies and articles of this sort are stating the obvious.1.The main idea of the quoted blog is that________________.A.some people undergo facial surgery for wrong reasonsB.the patients will eventually find facial surgeries unsatisfyingC.plastic surgery can cause a loss of self-identityD.People’s facial features are important for their self-identity2.According to the blog,Heidi Montag__________________.A.was ugly before she received reconstructive surgeriesB.is suffering from a serious identity crisis nowC.has changed drastically after the reconstructive surgeriesD.was reluctant to show her greatly-changed beauty in public3.Among all the comments,which seems in disagreement with the main idea ofthe blog?ment1ment2ment3 ment44.By saying“Beauty fades,dumb is forever”,Judge Judy means that_________.A.it is unwise trying to have beauty by taking plastic surgeriesB.plastic surgery or no plastic surgery,everyone will get oldC.to keep beauty,you have to take plastic surgeries again and againD.beauty cannot cover up foolishness5.According to the writer of Comment4,the studies on the relationship of plastic surgery and identity crisis______________.A.is meaningfulB.should be deepenedC.is quite ridiculousD.is a waste of timeSection B的题型一：小标题选择A.Build Your Kids’Work SkillsB.Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesC.Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisD.Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are1.____________You can start this process when they are11or12.Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings,like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating.Also,identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to,as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best. 2.____________Kids need a range of authentic role models-as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes.Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are.Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future.When asked what they want to do they should be discouraged from saying“I have no idea".They can change their minds200times,but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.3.____________Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to leam;parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work.Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met.Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job.Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills,such as managing time and setting priorities.4.____________Playing video games encourages immediate content.And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way.At the same time,listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors.All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.A.Drug overuse and its consequenceB.Misuse of medicine among the young generationC.Benefits of medicine and its wise useD.Improper use of medicine among senior citizens1.___________Nowadays,millions of people misuse and even overuse pain medications and other drugs.Research by the American National Institute on Drug Abuse(NIDA,1999) shows that around2%of the population over age12were using drugs non-medically.2.___________NIDA views medications as a powerful force or good in contemporary world.They reduce and remove pain for millions of people suffering from illness and disease. They make it possible for doctors to perform complicated surgery to save lives.Many people afflicted by serious medical conditions are able to control their symptoms and become active,contributing citizens.NIDA points out that most individuals who take these drags use them in a responsible way.3.____________Nevertheless,overuse of drugs such as opioids,central nervous system(CNS) depressants and stimulants does lead to harmful reliance in some people and is therefore becoming a serious public health concern.Although this abuse affects many people worldwide,particular trends of concern to the medical profession in the US appear among older adults,teenagers and women.4.____________Though it may be a surprise to many,the misuse of medications may be the most common form of drug abuse among the elderly.Dr.Kenneth Schrader of DukeUniversity,North Carolina states that although the elderly represent about 13%of the US population,those aged 65and over account for the consumption of one third of all drugs.People in this age group use medications roughly three times more than the general population and have poorer compliance with instruction for use.In another study of elderly patients admitted to treatment programs,70%were women who had overused medicines .短文填空Text OnePhrases:A.which makes you 56B.like 57any compensationC.to take any 58Picture this situation:you have bought a faulty item from a shop and you take it back to complain.You go directly to the shop assistant and tell them your problem.They say they cannot help you ,59,to the point perhaps where you start insulting the poor shop assistant.This will do you no favors,___60___,or even your money back .If you go directly to the first person you see ,you may be wasting your time as they may be powerless ___61____.So the important lesson to be learnt is to make sure firstly that you are speaking to the relevant person,the one who has the authority to make decisions.Text TwoPhrases :A.20%____62_____to feel happyB ._____63_____the physical distance between friendsC .but not ____64_____happinessD .lasted for _____65_____The new study found that friends of happy people had a greater chance of being happy themselves .And ____66____,the larger the effect they had on each other’s happiness.For example,a person was ___67____if a friend living within one and a half kilometers was also happy.Having a happy neighbor who lived next door increased an individual’s chance of being happy by 34%.The effects of friends’happinessA.angrierB.gettingC.actionA.the smallerB.as much asC.up to a yearD.more likely____68____.The researchers found that happiness really is contagious Sadness also spread among friends_____69______.Text Threeter regrettedB.spendingC.tend to Phrases:A.remember past impulse purchases that you___70___B.you may___71___purchase on impulseC.keep___72___under controlIn addition to the external pressure we face from marketing,our own feelings and habits can contribute to excessive spending.Here are some suggestions to help you___73___.First,resist your impulse buying.Do you enjoy the excitement of shopping and finding a bargain?If so,___74____.To resist,slow down and think realistically about the long-term consequences of buying,owning,and maintaining what you are planning to buy.Stop and___75___.Give yourself a“cool down”period before making your final decision.完型填空1The history of transportation is very long and full of changes and inventions.It starts_46_walking,which is not any invention;it just takes energy.People used to walk to get to other places.If you wanted to get somewhere quickly,the_47_way to do that was to run.Actually,the first invention for transportation_48_was the shoe. Centuries ago there were no shoes,and people walked barefoot.Then people invented_49_to transport themselves and materials from one place to another.In some cultures,people invented sledges(雪橇),_50_are a kind of board that you drag along the ground.You can tie things on the sledge to help carry them,but it’s a challenging invention_51_if you hit a rock with the sledge as you pull it,the contents can_52_.In other cultures,people invented the wheel,which they used to make it easier to move things-and people.That was the beginning of many innovations in transportation._53_people had wheels they could invent other ways to travel.They could put the wheel on a board and make it a wagon,and then they could_54_that wagon to an ox or a horse and ride as well as carry materials.That wheel led to_55_we have today:trucks,automobiles,and even boats and planes.For example,there were steamboats that used giant wheels that turned with blades,pushing the water and pushing the boat forward.46. A.on B.at C.for D.with47. A.possible B.only C.one D.just48. A.probably B.luckily C.really D.formerly49. A.methods B.channels C.ways D.measures50. A.what B.when C.where D.which51. A.unless B.but C.even D.since52. A.pull out B.slip off C.hold down D.put down53. A.Once B.Then C.However D.Yet54. A.stick B.make C.fasten D.change55. A.what B.that C.which D.how完型填空2When asked about the impact of disturbing news children,one mother said:“My 11-year-old daughter doesn’t like watching the news.She has_46_about what she has seen.One time,she watched a report about a person who killed a family member with a knife.That night she dreamed that she too was being killed.”Another interviewee said:“My six-year-old niece saw reports of tomadoes（龙卷风）from elsewhere in the country.For weeks_47_,she was terrified.She_48_call me on the phone,convinced that a tomado was coming her way and that she was going to die.”Do you think disturbing news report can frighten children?In one survey,nearly 40percent of parents said that their children had been_49_by something they saw in the news and that,_50_,the children had feared that a similar event would happen to them or their loved ones.Why?One factor is that children often news differently from adults.For example,small children may believe that a_52_that is broadcast repeatedly is really happening repeatedly.A second factor is that daily reports of disturbing events can distort a child’s _53_of the world.True,we live in“critical times hard to_54_.”But repeated exposure to disturbing news reports can cause children to develop lasting fears.“Children who watch a lot of TV news_55_to overestimate the occurrence of crime and may perceive the world to be a more dangerous place than it actually is.”observes the Kaiser Family Foundation.46. A.thoughts B.nightmares C.ideas D.pictures47. A.afterward B.ago C.before ter48. A.should B.might C.could D.would49. A.bored B.angered C.upset D.disappointed50. A.in no time B.by all means C.all the more D.as a result51. A.tell B.interpret C.narrate D.treat52. A.tragedy edy C.play D.drama53. A.imagination B.view C.sight D.look54. A.give up B.stick to C.deal with D.set forth55. A.prefer B.turn e D.tend完型填空——真题演练3For many people today,reading is no longer relaxation.To keep up their work they must read letters,reports,trade publications,interoffice communications,not to mention newspapers and magazines:a never-ending flood of words.In_1_a job or advancing in one,the ability to read and comprehend_2_can mean the difference between success and failure.Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are_3_readers. Most of us develop poor reading_4_at an early age,and never get over them.The main deficiency_5_in the actual stuff or language itself-words.Taken individually, words have_6_meaning until they are strung together into phrases,sentences and paragraphs_7_,however,the untrained reader does not read groups of words.He laboriously reads one word at a time,often regressing to_8_words or passages. Regression,the tendency to look back over_9_you have just read,is a common bad habit in reading.Another habit which_10_down the speed of reading is vocalization —sounding each word either orally or mentally as one reads.46. A.applying B.doing C.offering D.getting47. A.quickly B.easily C.roughly D.decidedly48. A.good B.curious C.poor D.urgent49. B.training B.habits C.situations D.custom50. A.lies bines C.touches D.involves51. A.some B.a lot C.little D.dull52. A.Fortunately B.In fact C.Logically D.Unfortunately53. A.refuse B.reread C.rewrite D.recite54. A.what B.which C.that D.if55. A.scales B.cuts C.slows D.measures。
同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试大纲(第六版)同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试大纲（第六版）一、指导思想为了客观地测试以同等学力申请硕士学位人员（以下简称同等学力人员）的英语水平，保证学位授予的质量，根据国务院学位委员会办公室关于修订《同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试大纲》的要求以及相关会议的精神，在总结近几年来同等学力人员英语水平统一考试经验的基础上，结合同等学力人员学习英语的特点，开展了第五次修订工作并形成新的考试大纲（第六版）。
本考试大纲要求通过教学使学生具有较好的用英语获取信息的能力和一定的用英语传递信息的能力。
这就要求考生具有较强的阅读理解能力，一定的口语交际能力和语篇信息处理能力，同时也必须具有一定的英译汉能力和写作能力。
本考试旨在测试考生是否达到大纲所规定的各项要求和具有大纲所规定的各项语言运用能力。
二、评价目标本考试重点考查考生的英语口语交际、阅读、语篇完形处理、英译汉和写作等技能（由于技术上的原因，本考试暂时取消听力测试，口语交际技能的测试采用书面形式进行。
考生听力能力的测试由各院校在考生学习期间进行）。
考生应在词汇知识、语法知识、口语交际能力、阅读理解能力、语篇完形处理能力、英译汉能力和写作能力等方面分别达到以下要求：（一）词汇掌握约6000个英语词汇和约700个常用词组（见附录一和附录二）。
对6000个词汇中的2800个左右的积极词汇（词汇表中用黑体标出的词）要求熟练掌握，即能在口语交际和写作中准确地运用；其余词汇则要求能在阅读、语篇完形处理和英译汉等过程中识别和理解。
（二）语法掌握英语的基本语法知识、常用句型和结构，能正确理解包含这些知识、句型和结构的句子和语篇。
（三）口语交际能用英语进行日常口语交流。
对于生活、学习和工作中的常见英语交流，能理解交流情景、说话人的意图和会话的含义，并能运用相应的知识和判断进行恰当的交流。
能正确理解英语口语中常见的习惯用法。
