关系代词引导的定语从句
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语法(定语从句)
一、概念
定语:China is a developing country.
I have nothing to eat.
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.
定语从句,顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。
定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。
另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。
先行词:定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。
请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher.
I love the school I have studied in for three years.
We dislike people ______ talk much but never do anything.
Success will belong to those ___ never say impossible .
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。
先行词主格宾格所有格
人who whom whose=of whom
物which which whose=of which
人或物that that —
(一)关系代词who, whom和whose的用法
who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:
(1)An architect is a person who designs buildings.
(2)I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school.
(3)Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first.
whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略。
例如:
(1)Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday?
(2)This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago.
(3)The girl who I saw is called Mary. (在非正式英语中,主格who代替了宾格whom,亦可省略)
whose一般代替人,有时亦可代替物,是所有格,在定语从句作定语。
例如:
(1)The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad.
(2)Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here?
(关系代词whose指代先行词hotel,正式用法应该用of which。
whose window=the window of which,意思是:the window of the hotel。
)
【即学即练】
(1)Success will belong to those ________ never say “impossible”.
A.whom B.what C.who D.which
(2)—Do you know Mo Yan?
—Of course. He is the famous writer ________ won the Nobel Prize in 2012.
A.who B.whom C.which
(3)The young lady ______ is interviewing Lin Zhixuan about the program I am a singer is from 21st Century Talent Net.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. whose
(4)—Which is your new neighbour, Liu Hua?
—The man _______ T-shirt is red.
A. that
B. who
C. which
D. whose
(二)关系代词which的用法
which代替物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。
例如:
(1)I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. (which可以换成that)
(2)Tom works for a factory which makes watches. (which可以换成that)
(三)关系代词that的用法
that既可指人又可指物,在当代英语中大多指物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。
例如:
(1)Is she the girl that sells newspapers? (that可以换成who)
(2)Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge? (that可以换成which)
(3)Is this the book that you want to buy? (that可以换成which,在定语从句作宾语,还可以省略)
【即学即练】
(1)Please pass me the cartoon book ________ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.
A.whom 王B.whose C.who D.which
(2)—What are you looking for?
—I’m looking for the watch ____ I bo ught yesterday.
A. which
B. who
C. whose
(3)—Why is Tom so sad?
—He has lost his new bike _______cost him 1800 yuan.
A. who
B. which
C. whose
(4)Being blind is something _________ most people can’t imagine.
A. who
B. what
C. that
D. whom
(5)3- junior high school life will be over,I will remember those things and teachers _____ are unforgotten
A.who B.which C.that D.whom。