English Writing

应用型研究论文系指以实际应用为目的的论文，主要探讨已有的知识、理论、原 理、方法、结论等如何在实践中加以应用,其中包括对应用可能性和应用新途径的探索。 英语专业是一个实践性很强的专业，以掌握语言技能、语言知识和语言基础理论为主 要学习内容，因此，英语专业的学生应以撰写应用型毕业论文为主。其重点是运用所 学知识和理论提出和解决实践中的实际问题，做出有应用价值的结论。例如，可以研 究听、说、读、写、译等各种语言技巧，也可以研究词汇、语法、修辞、文体和教学 法等方面的课题，还可以研究第二语言习得、跨文化交际等方面的实际问题，从而为 英语语言的教与学提供一定的参考或借鉴。
例如,若能写一篇运用自己收集的实例来证明“语用学＝语义－语义学” 这一国外研究成果的论文，就有可能成为一篇较好的论证型论文。再如，若 能写一篇完全依据自己对某文学文本的理解来阐释某文学作品（如《哈利·波 特）的主题的论文，就有可能成为一篇有一定新意和价值的论证型论对尽管 这一主题别人也曾有过论述；再如可以对外语教学领域的新理论（自主学习、 游戏学习）进行实例验证也是一种非常好的论证思路。
测试报告是根据预设目标，采取一定的方法，按照一定的步骤，对测试对 象(subjects)进行测试并对测试结果进行归纳、总结和分析的一种报告性论文 形式。例如，可以用“高考”英语测试题作测试工具(instrument) 对测试对象 作综合英语水平的测试并做出报告，也可以用自行研制的测试题对特定学生 进行单项语事技能、听、说、读、写、译)或交际能力的测试并做出报告。
研究报告型论文的正文结构
• 前言(introduction) • 文献综述(literature review) • 调研（测试）方法(instruments) • 数据分析(figures and their analysis) • 结论（结语）(conclusion)

Bribe.(v)
Mean (adj.)低劣的；刻薄的； 卑鄙的；吝啬的；
n.大灾难； 惨败 [kə'tæstrəfɪ]
catastrophe
Example: 不管从哪方面说，战争都将是场灾难。
From all points of view, war would be a catastrophe .
vt.减轻，缓和 [ə'li:vɪeɪt]
alleviate
Example: 这种药能暂时缓减病人的疼痛，但不能从根 本上医治这种疾病。
The drug can temporarily alleviate patients' pains but it can not cure this disease radically.
Example: 只有社会实践才能是检验真理的唯一标准 。
Only social practice can be the criterion of truth.
standard, criterion, measure, gauge
standard： 指公认为决定事物质量或人的品质的准则或原则。 criterion： 较正式用词，指判断、批评事物的标准，但不一定
Personally, I believe that both sides have something right, so we should not go to extremes. On the one hand, we have to admit that a well designed name can help a person to some extent. On the other hand, we should not exaggerate the effect of a name on a person’s fate. Anyway, a person’s success mainly depends on his hard work and desirable personalities.

➢ It answers how and why
➢ Things can be explained by: ➢ 1. Illustration--- the use of examples ➢ 2. Classification and division ➢ classification---to group things which share
➢context, selection of details, organization, point of view, purpose
➢ 1. Content: when, where, and to whom the action happened ( at the beginning)
➢ 2. Selection of details: relevant details help bring about the main idea
➢Description
➢ No difference in structure ➢ The difference is in the language used. ➢ When writing a descriptive essay in
English: ➢ 1. avoid using too many adjectives ➢ 2. using as few set phrases as possible ➢ 3. using language (words) correctly ➢ 4. telling the truth
➢ It explains or explores sth, such as the process of making a machine, the causes of a natural or social phenomenon, the planning of a project, or the solution to a problem

English Writing：The One I Admire MostPeriod 6, Unit 9, Book A Grade 8铜陵七中英语组朱永厚说明：该教学内容所依据的是人教版新目标8年级上学期第9单元第4课时听力材料Section B 2a话题Step IA short revision over the first lesson of this unit, Page53.Get students to be ready for the following requires:1. Words and expressionsinternational, be born, be famous for, admire, etc.2. Revise something about the very famous personsthey have got to know, such as Deng Yaping,Michael Jordan, Martina Hinges, David Beckhamand so on.Step II1. Sentence MakingGet as many students as possible to make propersentences with the words and expressions justrevised.Possible examples:How many international movie stars do you know?China is famous for its china.She was born on January 24, 1999.Who do you admire most and why?These are just possible sentences to be made bystudents, hoping to enjoy better sentences by students.Remember to correct their work in time and givepossible advice.2. A free conversation with the students.From the sentences you have just made, it is easy forme to know that you do admire some one or someones. But, it’s a pity that I am not among them(Joking). Never admire me?Step III. Task PresentationActually, our short revision today is not only to make such a few sentences or to have a free, easyand warm conversation between you and me, but tohelp us do something more difficult and moreimportant, that is, writing. What if I ask you to writesomething about a person or persons you admire?You can write about anyone you like, including me.(Kidding you)Step IV. Who to write about ? What to write about? And how to write?1. Have you ever thought about joining the wordsand expressions together and put them in onepassage?2. As for our task today, we can write about a lot ofpeople. Why can’t we write about our father ormother? Why can’t we write about our teachers?Why can’t we …? In fact, we can do it! So, let’swrite today!3. Get some students to speak out their mind. Seehow they start, how they tell us the story and howthey end. Encourage students to say what they arethinking about.4. A short summary on students’ speeches in class. Step V. Homework for this period: WritingThe One I Admire MostPossible tips for students1. Starting sentences:Everyone has someone to admire. I admire Deng Yaping most.●There are a lot of people that I admire.Among them, my father is the one I admiremost.●Do you admire someone? If so, tell me abouthim or her, OK? But first, I’d like to tell yousomething about the one I most admire.2. Write some easy details about the person orpersons you admire, like birth date, birth place, being famous for what, and so on.3. How to end what you write?Now, you may know why I admire my father most. That’s the reason why I admire Michael Jordan most.……4. We are students, we learn to admire others. But,why not learn from those who you admire so much? Keep working day by day, every one of you could be someone others admire in the coming future. So, better remember to write something about yourselves, about your dreams。