被动语态

英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋p.p一般过去时：was／were ＋p.p一般将来时：will／shall+ be＋p.p现在进行时：am／is／are being＋p.p过去进行时：have／has being＋p.p现在完成时：have／has +been＋p.p 过去完成时：had +been＋p.p 过去将来时：would／should+ be＋p.p二、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。

(不知谁偷的) (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：The window was broken by Mike. This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

三、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

(4)含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to 的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

例如：All the people laughed at him.--→ He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory. --→ The bikes are made by them in the factory.You ought to take it away. --→ It ought to be taken away.四、特殊句子的被动语态1.双宾语句子如何变成被动语态英语有些句子含有两个宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语。

例如：The crowd gave the guest a warm welcome里，就有双宾语。

一个是直接宾语a warm welcome ；另一个是间接宾语the guest。

在变成被动语态时，其中一个宾语要成为主语。

在一般情况下，我们多以间接宾语为主语，直接宾语留在原位，如：The guest was given a warm welome by the crowd.但是，如果重点在直接宾语，直接宾语便要变成被动语态的主语，如：We will offer any capable applicant a competitive salary.要变成：A competitive salary will be offered to any capable applicant.2.名词性从句如何变成被动语态“People generally feel that social workers are offering valuable services for the public.”这句子可以“it ”作为主语，然后，把名词分句移到句子后头去：“It is generally felt that social workers are offering valuable services for the public.”另一种变法是把名词性从句的主语转为被动句的主语，接着把名词分句的动词变成不定式动词：“Social workers are generally felt to be offering valuable services for the public.”3.若感官动词宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。

如: feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watchThe teacher made me go out of the classroom. --> I was made to go out of the classroom.We saw him play football on the playground. --> He was seen to play football on the4. let 的用法1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。

They let the strange go.---> The strange was let go.2）若let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。

The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.5. 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。

This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.Such a thing has never been heard of before..五、学习被动语态时要注意的几个问题1、有些原来不及物的动词，如作使役动词用，则有被动语态，常见的有fly, run, stand, walk 等。

例如：Many cars have been flown to Europe.许多汽车已被空运到欧洲去了。

This bottle must not be stood close to the fire.这只瓶不得放在近火处。

Horses should be walked for some time after a race.赛马后，得溜一会儿马。

2.主动形式表示被动意义1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…等主动形式表示被动意义，如：The book sells well.这本书销路好。

This knife cuts easily.这刀子很好用。

2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build主动形式表示被动意义I was to blame for the accident. Much work remains.3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式表示被动意义。

The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。

This book is worth reading.4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事),be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married被动形式表示主动意义He is graduated from a famous university.他毕业于一所有名的大学。

注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。

He married a rich girl.He got married to a rich girl.注意：当need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。

Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。

The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。

The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。

5).get+p.p 表被动，此机构较口语化：She got married last week. He got killed.6).表示―开始‖、―结束‖、―运动‖的词,如：begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end,shut,run,move. 如：Work began at 7 o’clock this morning.He shop closes at 6 p.m. every day.7)表示主语的某些属性的词，如read, write, act, sell,wash,clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, cat, drink.这类动词一般不单独使用，常加一个修饰语。

This coat dries easily. The pen writes smoothly.3.中文含有被动意义的句子，不一定要用“被”字，但在译成英文时，却要变成被动语态。

例如：①灯关掉了：The light was turned off.（不是：The light turned off）②会议延期举行：The meeting will be put off.（不是：The meeting will put off）③这件事必须保密：This matter should be kept secret.（不是：This matter should be secret）④发展计划提早完成：The development project was completed before schedule.⑤我们学校去年建造了新的电脑室：Last year, a new computer room was built in our school.⑥在旧社会，妇女是受轻视的：In the old society, women were looked down upon.4. 区别被动语态与“连系动词be+过去分词”的结构“be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。