酒店行业的发展：当设计学遇见历史(上) - 译言翻译

中国酒店业发展的历史
中国酒店业的发展历史可以追溯到古代，以下是一些重要的历史阶段：
1. 古代客栈时期：中国古代客栈最早出现在商朝，当时被称为“逆旅”，主要为远行的商人和旅客提供住宿和餐饮服务。

2. 近代旅店时期：随着西方文化的传入，中国近代旅店开始兴起。

19 世纪末20 世纪初，中国出现了一些现代化的旅店，如上海的汇中饭店、北京的六国饭店等。

3. 现代酒店时期：20 世纪50 年代至70 年代，中国的酒店业开始发展起来。

随着中国经济的快速发展和旅游业的兴起，中国的酒店业也得到了快速发展。

4. 改革开放后：改革开放后，中国的酒店业进入了快速发展的阶段。

随着中国经济的快速发展和旅游业的兴起，中国的酒店业也得到了快速发展。

5. 21 世纪：21 世纪以来，中国的酒店业继续保持快速发展的态势。

随着中国经济的快速发展和旅游业的兴起，中国的酒店业也得到了快速发展。

总的来说，中国酒店业的发展历史悠久，经历了多个历史阶段的发展和变革，目前已经成为全球酒店业的重要组成部分。

酒店行业发展历程
酒店行业发展历程：
1. 早期酒店：酒店行业起源于较早的旅馆和客栈，在古代文明中早已有存在。

早期的酒店多为提供基本住宿需求的简陋结构，服务水平较低。

2. 工业革命时期：随着工业革命的兴起，交通和通讯的改善为酒店行业带来了新的机遇。

酒店开始向工业中心和交通枢纽区域发展，逐渐提供更多样化的服务。

3. 旅游业的崛起：20世纪初，旅游业全球化进程加速，并且
越来越多的人开始热衷于旅游。

这促使酒店行业发展出更豪华、更舒适的住宿设施，以满足旅客的需求。

4. 全球连锁酒店的兴起：20世纪后期，全球连锁酒店品牌开
始崛起，通过标准化、专业化的运营模式，提供一致的服务和品质保证，进一步推动了酒店行业的发展。

5. 酒店技术与创新：随着科技的进步，酒店业开始采用新的技术和创新手段，例如在线预订系统、智能化客房设施等，提升服务效率和客户体验。

6. 精品酒店的兴起：近年来，精品酒店概念崛起，注重独特的设计、本地文化和个性化的服务，吸引了一部分独立旅行者的青睐，并为酒店行业带来了新的发展机遇。

7. 酒店与可持续发展：现代酒店行业越来越关注环境保护和可持续发展，增加了绿色、环保的措施，例如节能减排、环保建筑材料等，以降低对环境的影响。

8. 疫情对酒店业的影响：新冠疫情对全球酒店业造成了巨大冲击，许多酒店不得不关闭或减少营业。

这促使酒店业加强卫生和安全标准，并探索数字化转型，以应对未来可能的挑战。

请注意，以上发展历程不包含具体日期和事件，仅涵盖酒店行业发展的一般趋势。

Hotel Design酒店设计原著：By Henry Petrosky（亨利·培佐斯基）译：msq200801设计无处不在，有意制作的每件事都离不开设计。

有时有些设计是显而易见的，比如当一位画家根据一般的审美标准创作一幅作品时，又如一位诗人依据严格的形式构思一首律诗时，都必须设计。

有些设计并不显眼或较少考虑到设计问题，比如当一个人调节水温达到合适的温度或者沿着一条熟悉的街道去一个地方时，设计并不明显露出来。

设计这是一个有很多内涵和外延意义的词，正是它的多义以至于在使用中产生一部分混乱或模糊不清。

即使在一个相对比较狭窄且专业性强的设计领域，它的含义也因环境不同具有不同的意思。

02建筑师和工程师是明确从事设计工作的职业，他们为不同目标进行特定的设计。

建筑师倾向于形式，而工程师从倾向于功能。

对于建筑师，设计首先考虑的是建筑物与附近建筑物的相互适宜。

他们从结果来考虑设计，但他们也将充分地考虑建筑的用途，人们如何穿过它，它看起来有何感觉，尽管他们并不把这些问题作为重要的项目以予思考。

确实，如果从外表上来对建筑进行评论，那么建筑似乎主要与其外观质地有关系，与它的外在的公共空间，还有它内部配备的家具有关系。

建筑师看来对细节较为关注，甚至小到灯具的安装和门窗五金的装配，但对具体如何操作，如何实现他们的设计他们总是不予考虑。

然而，这些思考共同组成了建筑和室内设计。

03对于工程师，他们的典型的设计更多地关注建筑所用的材料和性能，很少考虑艺术性和外观的表现，倾向于表面后面的结构。

他们思考的是建筑物如何建造，如何树立，是否坚固，是否抗震，是否破裂渗漏。

他们考虑酒店舞厅地板架构的在大群人员拥挤和有节律跳舞时的承重和刚度。

他们也将考虑建筑如何受热和散热，空气在建筑物内如何循环，如何节省能耗。

在理想的状态下，建筑师和工程师的设计工作相辅相成，结果建筑物既耐看又实用。

但时常在实践中，事与愿违，建筑物的使用者往往为此付出代价。

英语作文-揭示旅游饭店行业的未来发展路径The Future Development Path of the Hotel Industry in Tourism。

With the rapid development of the tourism industry, the hotel industry plays a crucial role in providing accommodation and services for travelers. As the expectations and preferences of tourists continue to evolve, it is important for the hotel industry to adapt and innovate to meet the changing demands. In this article, we will explore the future development path of the hotel industry in tourism.Firstly, embracing technology is essential for the future development of the hotel industry. In the digital age, technology has become an integral part of our lives, and hotels need to leverage it to enhance the guest experience. One significant trend is the use of mobile apps for various hotel services, such as online check-in, room service orders, and concierge assistance. By providing these services through mobile apps, hotels can streamline operations, improve efficiency, and offer convenience to guests.Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation can revolutionize the hotel industry. AI-powered chatbots can handle customer inquiries and provide personalized recommendations, while robotic assistants can perform tasks such as room cleaning and luggage handling. These technologies not only reduce labor costs but also enhance the overall efficiency and guest satisfaction.Secondly, sustainability will be a key focus for the future development of the hotel industry. As travelers become more environmentally conscious, they prefer to choose eco-friendly accommodation options. Hotels can implement various sustainable practices, such as energy-efficient lighting, water conservation measures, waste management, and the use of renewable energy sources. By adopting sustainable initiatives, hotels can attract environmentally conscious guests and contribute to a greener future.Furthermore, the concept of experiential travel will shape the future of the hotel industry. Modern travelers seek unique and immersive experiences during their trips. Hotels can differentiate themselves by offering authentic local experiences, such ascultural workshops, culinary tours, and outdoor activities. Collaborations with local communities and businesses can create a sense of place and provide guests with memorable experiences beyond traditional accommodation.In addition, customization and personalization will be crucial for the future success of hotels. Travelers have diverse preferences and expectations, and hotels need to cater to individual needs. By utilizing guest data and leveraging technology, hotels can offer personalized recommendations, room preferences, and tailored services. This level of customization can create a sense of exclusivity and enhance guest loyalty.Lastly, collaboration and partnerships will play a significant role in the future development of the hotel industry. Hotels can collaborate with local tour operators, transportation providers, and attractions to offer integrated travel packages. By creating seamless travel experiences, hotels can attract more guests and provide added value. Additionally, partnerships with technology companies and startups can drive innovation and keep hotels at the forefront of the industry.In conclusion, the future development of the hotel industry in tourism lies in embracing technology, focusing on sustainability, offering experiential travel, providing customization and personalization, and fostering collaborations and partnerships. By adopting these strategies, hotels can stay competitive and meet the evolving needs of travelers. The hotel industry has the potential to shape the future of tourism and create memorable experiences for guests worldwide.。

酒店行业发展历程酒店行业作为旅游业的重要组成部分，自20世纪以来得到了快速的发展和变革。

从最初的简单住宿设施，到如今的高档酒店和度假村，酒店行业经历了许多改变和发展。

20世纪初，酒店行业以小型旅馆和客栈为主。

这些住宿设施通常简陋，设施简单，主要目的是为旅客提供基本的住宿和休息场所。

然而，在第二次世界大战后，随着经济的迅速发展和旅游业的兴起，酒店行业迅速壮大起来。

20世纪50年代，随着旅游的普及化，酒店行业开始转向更加现代化和奢华化的方向发展。

高档酒店开始崭露头角，如希尔顿酒店和玛丽莲·门罗卡斯蒂尔酒店。

这些酒店提供了更加舒适和豪华的住宿体验，吸引了越来越多的游客。

在20世纪70年代和80年代，随着航空和交通运输的普及，国际旅游业迎来了黄金时代。

这段时期，酒店行业取得了非常大的发展，出现了许多国际连锁酒店品牌，如喜来登、洲际酒店和雅高酒店。

这些连锁酒店标准化、规模化经营，为旅客提供了一致的服务和优质的住宿体验。

21世纪以来，随着信息技术的发展和互联网的普及，酒店行业进入了一个全新的发展阶段。

在线旅游和酒店预订平台的出现，改变了消费者的消费习惯和预定方式。

如今，只需要几个简单的点击，就可以在全球范围内预订酒店。

这为酒店行业带来了更多的机会和挑战。

随着全球旅游业的迅速增长，酒店行业也面临着日益激烈的竞争。

为了吸引更多的客户，酒店不仅提供更舒适和奢华的住宿条件，还不断推出创新的服务和设施。

如今，许多酒店拥有珠宝店、美容院、健身中心和游泳池等设施，为客人提供全方位的服务体验。

同时，可持续发展也成为了酒店行业发展的重要议题。

越来越多的酒店开始关注环境保护和社会责任，推行绿色旅游和节能减排政策。

一些酒店也开始采用可再生能源和环保材料，以减少对环境的影响。

总的来说，酒店行业在过去的几十年里经历了巨大的变革和发展。

从简陋的住宿设施到奢华的高档酒店，从传统的预订方式到互联网的普及，酒店行业一直在不断进步和创新。

近年来，我国酒店行业发展迅猛，不仅在酒店数量、档次还是酒店的集团化等方面都取得了重大进展。

我认为，在今后几年，我国的酒店行业还会随着旅游业的发展而继续发展。

而且在随着我国经济水平程度不断提高，我国酒店行业未来的发展呈现出新的发展趋势。

30年后的事情真的很难预测。

但是作为一个酒店管理专业的学生，是时候考虑考虑这个行业的前景了。

In recent years, China's hotel industry developing rapidly, not only in quantity, grade, or hotel have made great progress in such aspects as the collectivization. I think, in the next few years, China's hotel industry will continue to develop with the development of tourism. And along with our country economy level degree unceasing enhancement, our country hotel industry presents the new development trend of future development. After 30 years of things really hard to predict. But as a hotel management specialized student, it's time to think about the prospect of the industry.首先，我认为，总的来说，未来我国的酒店数量会减少，但是酒店的质量会越来越高。

同时，酒店的规模也会越来越大。

Theme Hotel Design: When the hotel event themeHoward StutzTheme Hotels emerging as a new form of hotel development, in foreign countries, nearly 50 years, and in our short history, distribution range is also confined to more developed in the hotel industry in Guangdong, Shanghai, Shenzhen to have to return to nature, science, technology, or nostalgic-themed hotel, all reflect the unique operating characteristics. Although the theme hotel in China there are new things, but in the international hotel industry is a kind of new trend. Only a few themes from the domestic hotel business situation, business conditions were better than other hotels.Looking into the future so bright theme hotel, theme hotels it is necessary to carry out planning and design analysis, developing the theme of the hotel to provide some pertinent "cannon fodder." This paper introduces the theme, theme, theme, and a rational distribution of functions of parts to elaborate.1. The introduction of the themeTheme Hotel also known as "Featured Hotel", is based on a particular topic, to embody the hotel's architectural style and decorative arts, and culture-specific, so that customers receive personalized culture of feeling, at the same time services into the subject, personalized service to replace the generalized service for customers with joy, knowledge and stimulation. History, culture, urban, nature, myth, fairy tales can become the theme of the hotel to play.2. Positioning themeIn doing scenic spot, the first to determine her direction and orientation to the many competitors, bigger and stronger. Similarly, the theme of the hotel is also true, but when it is located within the scenic area, the more the subject is attached to scenic location, with echoes of its services. When she is not only dependent on the city or scenic areas exist, the theme of the exact location of the hotel is particularly important to consider the problems to be more. Hangzhou "Dream Castle" is allowed to fail due to subject positioning a typical case.3. Hangzhou "Dream Castle"The end of 2003 and plans to spend 1.5 billion yuan, known as "China's first super-star hotel" and "Dream Castle" from Hangzhou Xiaoshan District, the start of the news came,, the person said: "As the program changes, 'Fantasy Castle' can not be built." "Dream Castle" is the original plan of Hangzhou World Leisure Expo 2006, the landmark building, covers an area of 130,000 square meters, more than 100 meters high, the investor is well-known private enterprise Song City Group. Its designers, but also designed the world's largest hotel (MGM Grand) and American designer Mr. Johnson.This ultra-luxurious design, is supposed to be a successful model, but ended in failure. The root causes of failure, not to say that she did not locate, but in their positioning committed two fatal.One theme too far out of market positioning: Hangzhou as a leisure capital, but also to be at the center of the Yangtze River Delta area, located in the Yangtze River Delta is why leisure tourist and the business meeting customer is reasonable. The "dream castle" theme chosen not to support this position, the super star of the building will be far beyond the casual market's spending power. Second, the theme from the city location too heterogeneous:Hangzhou is a beautiful and peaceful south of Yangtze River, is a modern leisure city; the "Dream Castle" to "dream" as the theme, luxurious and magnificent, and rooted in the comfortable life of leisure atmosphere the contrary, the pursuit of a far away from reality experience. She'swrong is not taken into account where the city's image positioning and urban planning, then failure is a matter of course.4.Show topics in depthAfter positioning the hotel to seize the theme, we must consider how to let visitors experience the charm of the hotel's theme, which requires self-display of themed hotels. A successful theme hotel theme through its theme of environment and atmosphere to demonstrate the concept, in other words, the theme is the theme of environment and atmosphere of the concept of reification. Either by theme architecture, landscape theme extrinsic kind of characterization to look into the hotel's theme, theme decorations, etc through the physical appearanceto display within the theme of the hotel. But need to be selective, strictly, to be perfect, harmony, a vivid contrast to the theme of environment and atmosphere.4.1 Architectural, landscape and environment in the subjectSubject building is a tangible demonstration of the theme hotel in the customer plays a key role when the first purchase. In addition to the pursuit of a unique architectural theme, but also should grasp the good and the surrounding geographical coordination, coordination with the surrounding environment itself is part of the customer experience. Here's the background of natural scenery, two themed hotels, theme of landscape architecture and its theme were consistent with the theme of environment, proved to be successful.Located in the southeast of Austria's Blue hair Rogne Spa's motto is "subtle difference", it gives the tenant is visually shocking "big difference." Austrian Artist Hundertwasser building, Mr. (Hundertwasser) style here on its head: a set of Wald Juan hofhaeuser apartment group, saying that the premises and embedded itself in the ground, like a groundhog in the crypt Block; villas, the top of the plant with soft and thick green lawn and shrubs, and even the window of the tree will be unearthed Yi Keke, knowledge of the construction was misplaced. Tourists from the hotel swimming pool spa swim spa pool the way, to experience the design of Mr. Hundertwasser Comparative Study and Integration irregular sea, and down changes in front of the scenery while the Persian palace, while he is a zebra cabin make you forget all the rules of the game on earth.Of course, in addition to natural beauty the hotel, there are hotels celebrity culture, history and culture hotels, city hotels and artistic characteristics of the hotel features and so on. Various topics in different types of hotel, they want to show the theme of landscape architecture and the theme isdifferent. But the theme of landscape and architectural theme of harmony can be played on the theme of playing up the role, to achieve even better results.4.2 Theme decorationsTo some extent, theme hotels theme park and hotel is the perfect combination of Disney themed hotel is a good example, is a theme hotel development model is relying on the success of the theme park business, Shenzhen Venice Hotel is so. As the physical representation within the staff work clothes are an important manifestation of the theme atmosphere, because the employee is subject movement symbols. In addition to staff working clothes, theme decorations and lighting and a reasonable color match, can give customers a better experience theme atmosphere.4.3 Rational distribution of functionsThrough the mastery of subject positioning on the theme of the concept of landscape construction and understanding of the theme, around the theme of this thread to him to break it down, through the rational allocation of functions to improve the planning and design theme of the hotel.Hotel service area divided by the general sub-room area, dining area, public activity areas, conference and exhibition area, fitness and entertainment district, administrative and logistical areas. It is necessary to divide these areas clear, but also organically.From the business point of view hotel, the hotel part and the non-revenue from the income part of composition, when the total building area is established, area of structure should carefully arrange the following sections: some rooms including single rooms, twin rooms, double rooms, all suites and so on. Catering sector, including the main restaurant, the Deputy restaurant, main bar, club, cocktail room, cafe, etc. should be included with the banquet the other large, medium and small banquet hall; other business sectors, including meeting rooms, fitness facilities, sauna, beauty, swimming pool, Laundry, Commerce Centre. Non-income section includes the lobby, the main desk, office, luggage room, switchboard room, computer room, storage, changing rooms, medical clinic, canteen, boiler room, parking, car wash, etc.A good hotel, in addition to the unique style, beautiful appearance, and the local environment together with profound cultural connotations, the layout of the internal functions of the hotel very reasonable, the location of each share of a feature just right, not only to facilitate the guests to use also facilitate the management of the operator, not a waste of space, but also reflect the hotel's services, rich atmosphere, the guests are satisfied, having lived, the operator saves a lot of manpower. In general, it is necessary to grasp the functions of distribution within the hotel very reasonable, fully equipped to facilitate the requirements of guests and manageable. Layout and its features to note the following:(a) s taff and guests each his own, do not cross each other, including luggage and guests have separate entrance. When guests enter the lobby, immediately greeted by the service center, when the total occupancy Taiwan after finishing the procedures, the give a lift into the elevator hall, takethe elevator to the living floor. The employees do, from the employee entrance into the hotel, first punch, the second step change clothes, the third step from the elevator staff access by employees into their jobs, their employees and guests will be walking, not collision behavior.Arrangements to facilitate access not only to separate the staff and guests, employees must also pay attention to people and objects separated channels. The hotel is generally in the underground warehouse, employees take things out, delivery to be divided into Upper and Lower Road, not personalities mixed, otherwise it will affect the work, but also susceptible to accidents.(b) v arious functions, all in their place, not a waste of space, but also very appropriate arrangements. A hotel lobby, should be the most versatile. In addition to the main desk, concierge, luggage counter, there is the lobby bar or cafe, coffee, and at the business center, flower shop, book store, gift shop near the lobby to be arranged.The restaurant, closed bar, restaurant style arrangement with sauna, swimming pool at different floors, not separated by too close, not arranged in the same floor. Some hotel arrangements for the different functions that the same floor, the interaction of different flavors, seriously affected the image of the hotel, guests are very satisfied.(c) the continuity of the demand from the customers distribution function. Several hotels mentioned above have such characteristics, such as the gymnasium and swimming pool close arrangement where restaurant and closed bars, cafes close local arrangements, zero arrangement on the first floor restaurant, Chinese restaurant, style Office near, multi-function hall and meeting room on the same floor, this arrangement needs fully into account the continuity of the guests. Some hotels do not have the functional layout take care of each other, but according to the size distribution, resulting in a fragmentation of the same functionality, inconvenience guests.Hotels in China is an emerging theme of things, but in the face of the homogenization of products and services, competition in the hotel in general has come to the fore, and just take the long way to go in the future. Only by upholding the accurate positioning theme, the theme in depth and continuous display of the rational allocation of hotel features, can the hotel innovation to move.生词表：emerg ing 新兴；tre nd 趋势；pert inent 相关的；elaborate 精心制作的；stimulatio n朿y激；orientation 取向；facilitate 促进；occupancy入住率；connotations 内涵；deputy 畐寸的；主题酒店设计：当酒店遇上主题霍华德?斯图兹主题酒店作为一种正在兴起的酒店发展新形态，在国外已有近50 年的历史，而在我国的发展历史不长，分布范围目前也仅仅局限在酒店业比较发达的广东、上海、深圳等地，有以回归大自然、科技或怀旧为主题的酒店，都体现出与众不同的经营特色。

酒店建筑设计福特盖瑞酒店，麦克唐纳酒店，QU'APPELLE酒店首相威尔弗雷德·劳里埃意图打造一个横贯大陆和海洋的统治，这需要东西方贸易和大规模移民的刺激，以保证在美国人声称主权之前安置好大草原的一切。

要做到这一点，劳里埃就需要一条可以和加拿大太平洋铁路互补和竞争的横贯大陆的铁路。

1903年，GTR的总经理海斯与联邦政府达成了一项协议，建立这样一个从温尼伯到不列颠哥伦比亚省鲁珀特王子港的铁路。

施工开始于1906年，包括铁路站场，机车店，车站，酒店等通常的基础设施。

大约在1910年，随着早就开始筹备的洛丽耶城堡酒店的建立，罗斯·麦克法兰开始在西部省会城市埃德蒙顿为太平洋铁路设计一座城堡式酒店。

从1900年开始，接近百万移民的大量涌入，持续扩张的铁路和干旱土地耕作的成功研制，使得大草原上一片繁荣。

西部的第一城市，温尼伯（1873年成立），从增长中获利极大，而其他的小地方如卡尔加里，埃德蒙顿，里贾纳和萨斯卡通将东部城市原本需要一个世纪或更长时间才能达到的增长压缩到了短短的几年时间。

温尼伯在1913年经济衰退之前成为了加拿大的第三大城市，在此期间，“西部的门户”完全统治了高利润的批发和谷物贸易，并成为了草原上最强大的金融、商业和制造业的中心。

当城市的建筑商贸业蓬勃发展时，包括新建筑的兴起，特别是爱德华和麦斯威尔的皇家亚历山大酒店，使其成为温尼伯的盎格鲁 - 撒克逊的统治阶级们唯一的堡垒，直至七年后福特盖瑞酒店开业。

1911年4月政府公布即将建立太平洋铁路塞克尔克酒店（福特盖瑞酒店的初始名字）。

同年7月，罗斯和麦克法兰完成了这10层楼的酒店施工图（由罗斯审核），酒店于1911年9月23日开始建设，并决定扩大至14层。

第二组立面图和平面图于1911年10月至1912年1月间拟定，福特盖瑞酒店于1913年12月10日正式开业。

福特盖瑞酒店建在百老汇大街南侧的一个近乎方形的场地上（260 X250英尺），在福特和盖瑞街之间，向南不远是阿西尼伯河大道和阿西尼伯河。

外文文献Hotel industryPeople have been making a living by providing rooms for travelers ever since the first lodging houses were built to accommodate travelers in ancient times. Today, hotels offer far more than just a room for travel increased. Motels, resort hotels, and convention hotels have been developed to cater to the varied needs of today’s traveling public. At the same time, hotel chains have established themselves as the dominant force in the industry.Motels in the United States evolved from the roadside tourist cabins and tourist courts that were first introduced in the early 1990s in response to the increase in travel. As the automobile began to replace the train as the primary means of travel in the United States, there was an increased demand for roadside accommodations. The first motels began to appear in the 1920s and were usually one-storey buildings, with an average of twenty-five units or rooms.Motels really came of age during the 1950s. Two main factors contributed to the boom in motel construction. One was the development of the interstate highway system, beginning in 1956. The other was the first time, added a number of services. Restaurant swimming pools, and in-room television became standard features.The next step in the development of the motel industry was the move away from highway locations into the downtown sections of large cities. With the increase in air travel, motor hotels also began to move out to the airports.A resort hotel is one that people visit for relaxation, recreation, and entertainment. The idea of the resort hotel was born in the 18th and 19th century Europe. Splendid hotels were built along the French Riviera in the Swiss Alps, and at various mineral springs throughout the continent. The resort hotel in the United States developed with the expansion of the railroads in the second half of the nineteenth century. All catered exclusively to the rich and to the upper middle class. Families stayed for two or three months and returned to the same hotels year after year.With the rise in mass tourism, resort hotels have been established in greet numbers at destinations throughout the world. Some of these luxury resort hotelshave survived, but today they are heavily outnumbered by resort hotels that cater to ordinary people who stay from days to weeks. With increased leisure time and higher wages, many people now take at least one vacation away from home each year. The jet airport has opened up areas of the world that were previously inaccessible to the vacationer. Resort hotel construction boomed in tropical area such as the Caribbean and Hawaii.A convention hotel is one that caters to large group gatherings. The rise of convention hotels has been one of the developments in the hotel industry, and conventioneers now account for almost 20 percent of all hotel guests. Many downtown hotels saw occupancy levels drop during the 1950s and early 1960s as motels captured a larger segment of the market. In response, some hotels began to add facilities for conventions or other group gatherings as a means of survival. At first, conventions were scheduled for off-peak periods, but as the volume of convention business increased, they began to be scheduled year-round.The business of large hotels that cater exclusively to convention groups began going up in the major cities in the later 1960s. They all feature a wide variety of restaurants, banquet rooms, meeting rooms, and convention and exhibition halls. Resort hotels, motels and airport hotels have also begun to offer convention facilities.The arrival of the jet age led to the second major hotel building period of the twentieth century, lasting from 1958 to 1974. In the early part of this period, the hotel chains’ major goals in planning new properties were economy, efficiency, and standardization of design. A Sheraton hotel in Miami, for example, might be almost identical to one nearly 3,000 miles away in Los Angeles. By the late 1960s, however, there was a reaction against this uniformity of design and new hotel architecture was born. The opening of the Hyatt marked a return to the grandeur of the old luxury hotels. Scenic elevators, fountains, waterfalls, trees, huge sculptures, and bars and cafes are included in the lobby so that it was no longer just a place for registration and checkout; it also became the main eating, drinking, and meeting area. The success of the Atlanta Hyatt Regency led to the building of similar atrium hotels in cities and combine commercial, office, and hotel facilities with sports and recreational facilities.The small country inn is a type of lodging place that has survived by offeringincreased service and facilities. In fact, many turn away from such modern conveniences as in-room television, radios, and telephones. Instead, they offer the attraction of old world charm and coziness in a scenic or historic setting. Guests might expect to find working fireplaces in their rooms, handmade quilts on their beds, and antique furniture throughout the inn. Many of the inns are direct descendants of the old inns and taverns that flourished along stagecoach routes 200 years ago. The smaller country inns, sometimes with as few as three or four rooms, are usually run by friendly couples who pride themselves on the comfort and cleanliness of their accommodations and the quality of the food that they serve.Some of the larger chain hotels (e.g. Holiday Inns) use the name inn. Motor inns, however, should not be confused with country inns. The chains use the name to suggest a feeling of warmth and friendliness, though their properties quite different from the more intimate country inns.For centuries, the hotel business could well business could well be described as a cottage industry, because each hotel was a privately-owned, independent enterprise. Occasionally, a well-know hotel would successfully produce a few namesakes under the same management, but such examples were few. The first notable exception was the Caesar Ritz group. E. M. Statler was the first to point out the economic and financial advantages of operating several large hotels under a single management. Despite Statler’s success, the chain concept was slow to catch on in the period between the two world wars. Later on, Conrad Hilton, in particular, became the originator contributing to the growth of the hotel management company. Kemmons Welson and Wallace Johnson, founders of Holiday Inn, fully enriched the chain concept by franchising the Holiday Inn name and establishing a national reservation network.The chains have expanded in a number of ways. One is through direct investment. It means that the headquarters corporation itself puts up the necessary fund to build and operate a new hotel or to buy and renovate an old one. Another is by establishing management contracts with the actual owner of the hotel, whereby the chain actually takes over an empty building and operates it according to its own operating procedures for a fee or for a percentage of the profits. This method is frequently used when the chain expends into a foreign country. A somewhat similar method is the joint venture, a partnership in which both the chain and localinvestors put up part of the capital that is necessary for new construction or the purchase of an existing building. Yet another way widely used is franchising. It is a leasing arrangement that requires the hotel operator to pay a fee for the use of the plans, manuals of procedure and advertising materials. In return, the hotel operator is granted a license to operate a business under the name of the parent corporation. The franchise operator puts up the capital, but he gets a standardized product with a predictable sales potential. He can of course also get a lot of help from the licensing corporation in establishing his operation and then in solving problems that arise after it has opened. Some franchise operations are also joint ventures, with both the corporation and the individual owner supplying part of the initial capital.There are many important competitive advantages that the hotel chains have over the individually operated hotels. The first is the resources and money on advertising and public-relations professionals at chains’ headquarters, who prepare publicity campaigns for the chain as a whole.A second advantage comes from the standardization of equipment and operating procedures. The chains publish detailed manuals that specify standardized procedures to be followed even in such tasks as making beds and setting tables. Even when the different hotels in the chain are not tightly controlled by a central office, it is customary to have an inspection system in order to guarantee the overall standards.The most important and most obvious advantage is the increased efficiency in making and controlling reservations. A guest at one hotel, for instance, can receive confirmation of a room at another within a few minutes. When a chain is owned by an airline, the traveler can make his reservations for flights and for hotel rooms at the same time and place. Hotel chains also make it easy to reserve a room by telephone in key market cities. Many of the chains are, in fact, referral systems rather than corporate owned groups. In a referral system, the operators of individual hotels or motels pay a fee to a group that has joined together in a reservation system. In most cases, the establishment is inspected by the headquarters staff of the chain to ensure that it meets the chain’s standards, it can use the name and advertising symbol, the logo for the group. In that case, the individual operation has become a chain member.Still another advantage for the chains is in increased sales potential for convention.As it is now a commonly accepted idea that conventions should combine business and pleasure, the practice of changing locations every year is very attractive to many sponsoring groups. In this way, the sponsoring group can hold its meeting in one location one year and another the next, while at the time with the assurance of very similar service and costs.Another strong point of the chain system comes from the superior planning and design of hotels. The benefits begin here even before the location is selected, because the chains have access to expensive market research data on site selection and size of the hotel. The large chains hire architects and interior decorators who specialize in hotel work. Many chains often hire consultants to advise them. The chains can either use their expert knowledge directly to build their own hotels or pass it along to others when they participate in a joint venture, a management leasing arrangement, or a franchising operation.Chains management also increases the efficiency of the total organization in other ways. For example, it permits very large bulk purchases for many kinds of equipment and supplies. The accounting and auditing systems of the chains can be centralized. A centralized personnel office for managerial and technical positions throughout the chain also provides an advantage in securing competent people. In the different hotels, management trainees can obtain experience in all the wide variety of skills that go into the operation of a hotel. Later, when they have gained the necessary expertise in several areas, these same people may return to the headquarters to direct and train others.Today, there comes very intensified competition in the hotel industry. After decades of mixed fortunes they would now face a decade when there is slow expansion, or even no growth, but with growing competition. The increased competition could rise from up-market self catering, time sharing, home entertainment and other areas, as well as from producers of a whole variety of consumer products and services. Hoteliers must ensure that they obtain their share of market. In order to do so, they should listen to the market more intense competition.As market keep on changing, it is wise to redefine markets accordingly.Unless customers’ points of view are constantly considered and their demands are best satisfied, there is a danger that present guests and customers may-drift away to competitor and new customers will not be attracted. Furthermore, it is essential to decide the advantages and weakness of one’s products, and at the same time bear in mind the different sources of business and the strength and weakness of one’s competitors. The last point on competitors is that time and money should be spent in selecting the source of business that they are best suited for and where they have the least competition.How to choose the best suitable market and sources of business? First, one should try to get as much information as possible on the hotel. Then, a series of objectively prepared league tables that grade the hotels advantages and limitations should be made. The information required may include the following: broad background information, facilities of the hotel, details of competitive hotels, guests information, activity levels, employees and their selling abilities, specific information on local communities, industry, event, communications and catchment area, and advantage and limitation list of both one’s hotel and competitors.After gathering the information, another series of league tables is required to show the hotel’s position relative to its competitors. The aim of league tables is to put the competition into visible and to show for some sources of business where is more competition and for others less. By linking these finding to the respective advantages and disadvantages of both sides, answers are provided on where to focus one’s sales and market effort.Specifically, the relevant information and league tables may include:1.Make a list of one’s hotel about its competitive advantages. The list willvary depending on the source of business.2.Calculate one’s market share of total competitive capacity and its maincompetitors’ share.3.Consider various tariffs and charges that may occur in the hotel.rmation about the facilities, sales and market capabilities, receivingcapability, location, etc. of the hotel and the competitors.5.Score the grades dependent on the demands of different sources ofbusiness, i.e., businessmen, individual tourists, conference delegates.6.Consider the various potential markets from a number of points of view.If one takes the above-mentioned information and examine one’s own business experience and judgment should help to define more clearly the main sources of business on which one’s hotel should exercise efforts. Never neglect established markets and the business parts of the week, month of year. However, many hotels have natural busy periods, such as Monday and Thursday nights in a week, or the summer season, or the festivals. So it is important to define markets, which will ensure a better profit in one’s off-season periods.Besides the above suggestions or market defining, some special market demands require attention.One is the menu fatigue. Many business executives who eat out often or stay in hotels regularly could suffer from a severe “menu fatigue”. That is when they eat in hotel restaurant or out, they can always tell you every item on the menu without even a glimpse at it. So if a hotelier can regularly try to original and fresh menus, dishes and ideas and promote them in every possible place, this mass market of people will be sure to “beat a path to his/her door”.The second is the active leisure. People are becoming much more health conscious, and many hotels begin to recognize this trend. As the result, facilities such as gym rooms with exercise machines are provided as part of their essential future marketing. Some hotels put a series of maps in the bedroom with directions to nearby parks. They also have a supply of track suits and shoes in case guests have forgotten to bring their own. Even if a hotel is not adjacent to a golf course or a tennis court, they can still do a lot to provide exercise opportunities for the guests and it does not have to be expensive.The third is the female guests. In the past few years, the biggest market growth is perhaps women staying in hotels, or eating in hotel restaurants. Many of the research on women travelers have found that the average woman executive is six years younger than her male counterpart. She tends to be in sales, marketing, public and press relations, or personnel work. Nearly 40% of the trips are to conventions. She is more likely to be single than the typical male travelers. Many women concern much about personal safety and hotel security. They would prefer to eat in the hotel rather than eating out and use room service a great deal when there is available. They want a room which is very clean, attractive and specious with good lighting. They prefer good lights for make-up and the closets highenough to keep her floor length dresses and a good supply of hangers.Hoteliers should be well alert to notice the changes and demands of the markets; otherwise they will be overtaken by the competitors.外文文献译文酒店业自从古时候人们首次建造住宿房屋来招待旅客以来，有些人就以为旅客提供客房为生。

酒店行业的发展的英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!The hotel industry has experienced tremendous growth in recent years. With the rise of international travel and tourism, hotels have become a crucial part of the hospitality sector. From luxury resorts to budget accommodations, there is a wide range of options available for travelers.Hotels are constantly evolving to meet the changing needs and demands of guests. They are no longer just places to sleep, but have transformed into multifunctional spaces. Many hotels now offer amenities such as fitness centers, spas, and conference facilities. This allows guests to not only relax and unwind but also conduct business meetings and events.One of the key trends in the hotel industry is the focus on technology. Hotels are increasingly embracing digital innovations to enhance the guest experience. From online booking platforms to mobile check-ins, technologyhas made the process of booking and staying at a hotel more convenient than ever before. Additionally, hotels are using data analytics to personalize the guest experience and provide tailored recommendations.Sustainability has also become a major concern in the hotel industry. Many hotels are implementing eco-friendly practices to reduce their environmental impact. This includes using energy-efficient lighting, recycling programs, and water conservation measures. Some hotels have even gone a step further by incorporating renewable energy sources such as solar panels.The rise of the sharing economy has also had an impact on the hotel industry. Services like Airbnb have disrupted the traditional hotel model by offering alternative accommodations. This has forced hotels to adapt and find ways to differentiate themselves from these new competitors. Some hotels have focused on providing unique experiencesand personalized service to attract guests.In conclusion, the hotel industry has experiencedsignificant growth and transformation in recent years. With advancements in technology, a focus on sustainability, and the rise of the sharing economy, hotels have had to adapt to meet the changing needs of travelers. Despite the challenges, the future of the hotel industry looks promising as it continues to innovate and provide exceptional experiences for guests.。

看酒店历史谈酒店设计趋势及要点酒店是一种历史很悠久的建筑类型，从古罗马时期就已经出现了，当时叫“客栈”，在我国最早出现在春秋战国时期叫逆旅.真正现代意义的酒店标志是1850年的巴黎Grand Hotel，因为这个酒店有现代的公共空间和现代的股份制的所有形式，还有现代的经营模式。

酒店经过这一个半世纪的发展，到了今天,酒店它有很丰富的内容和很多样的类型，它的等级也有严格的划分。

目前国际上多个国家都是采用五个星级的标准和要求，它服务于不同的层次的消费者.酒店大家知道，它是以盈利为目的的商业兴居住建筑,开发商通过最大限度地满足消费者的需求来获取最大的利润。

这一点就决定了消费者的消费心理、价值取向、行为准则、习惯偏好，决定了我们酒店这个开发概念，也是我们设计这个酒店的主要内容。

现在我们实际上处在一个大众化的消费市场大发展的时期，涌现出很多新的消费需求，也推动了我们酒店设计出现的一些新的概念和新的类型的酒店，我下面简单介绍一下这个酒店设计出现的几新的趋势。

第一个趋势，人性化的设计。

因为现在无论是对商家和消费者来说,“消费者至上”已经成为一种共识。

酒店的设计理念和所有的设计手段都是要应和顾客入住酒店的心理需求和物质需求，只有建立在满足顾客感官体验和身心享受之上的设计理念，才是有效和有价值的。

具体在设计上有一些表现,比如说客房的家居化,卫生间的革命,对于在座的各位来讲可能已经不是“革命”了.比如卫生间的座厕,包括洗浴化妆台的分室的布置，还有卫生间有一个电视，通过跟卧房开开窗扇可以看到电视,还有成重的设备和美发的设备，主要是现在个人讲究隐私,多配备这些设施可以减少服务员对客人的打扰.还有自主的设施，还有全套的房酒店，还有公寓式的酒店，我讲的是商住两用的公寓式的酒店，内部有一些活动的隔断，他的家居可以拆卸的，几秒钟之内可以把他的卧房变成一个工作间，他对长期的商务客人的。

还有商务楼层.我现在提到的有一种趋势是女性的商务人员会增多，商务的楼层更多考虑到她们的特点,比如说帮助她照顾孩子，还有女性对食物有一些特点的选择的服务会增加。