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A篇(2018·全国卷Ⅱ，A)Summer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents/carers，and select two activities they would like to do.Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school.Before choices are finalised，parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child's choices.Activity Description Member ofstaffCostOutdoor Adventure (OUT)Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week，discover new personal qualities，and learn newskills.You will be able to take part in a number of activitiesfrom canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor.Learn rockclimbing and work as a team，and enjoy the greatoutdoor environment.Mr.Clemens￡140WWⅠBattlefields and Paris(WBP)On Monday we travel to London.After staying overnight inLondon，we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visitthe World War Ⅰ battlefields.On Day 3 we cross intoBelgium.Thursday sees us make the short journey toParis where we will visit Disneyland Paris park，stayinguntil late to see the parade and the fireworks.Our finalday，Friday，sees us visit central Paris and tour themain sights.Mrs.Wilson￡425Crafty Foxes (CRF)Four days of product design centred aroundtextiles.Making lovely objects using recycled and madematerials.Bags，cushions and decorations...Learn skillsand leave with modern and unusual textiles.Mrs.Goode￡30Potty about Potter(POT)Visit Warner Bros Studio，shop stop to buy picnic，stayovernight in an approved Youth Hostel inStreatley-on-Thames，guided tour of Oxford to see thefilm locations，picnic lunch outside Oxford'sChristchurch，boating on the River Cherwell through theUniversity Parks，before heading back to Exeter.Miss Drake￡150【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文，是一则有关暑期活动的广告，该广告主要向学生们推荐了四个不同风格的活动。
专题一阅读理解阅读策略读文方式(一)问题→文章→问题先看问题，然后带着问题去读文章，再答题。
这种方式能够节省答题时间，针对性强，适用于解答细节性和事实性的题目。
(二)文章→问题→文章粗读文章，然后看题目，再精读来答题。
这种方式有利于把握文章主旨及作者的观点意图，对文章理解度较深，但速度较慢。
上面两种读文方式无优劣之别，一旦选择了适合考生自身的方式，就要持之以恒。
化解生词在此，我们首先强调考生必须要注意词汇的积累，因为它是提高阅读水平最基础也是最重要的一步。
但一般来说，在文章中总会碰到一些生词，这也符合《考试大纲》(允许出现3%的超纲词)的要求。
对于生词我们一般可通过以下三种方式来破解：1．跳过无关紧要的词高考的阅读理解中出现的生词有相当大的一部分是没必要精准知道词义的，它的具体含义对文章或基本句意的理解不会有什么影响。
如，同时出现的几个首字母大写的单词，很可能是专有名词，只需知道它是某个名称即可；再如，斜体的单词很可能是某书、电影等的名称或某个专业术语，只需知道它代表何物即可。
对于类似这样的词汇，考生不必过多纠缠，跳过便是。
我们建议考生在平时练习时，要加强对生词的容忍度并进行跳过技巧的训练，这样临场时才能保证做题的速度和准确率。
2．猜测有影响的词阅读中有些生词对文章理解至关重要，必须要知道它的准确含义，这类词通常是“词义猜测”类试题的设题重点。
对于它的破解我们会在下文“第4讲词义猜测类”中具体阐述。
3．拆分长难句阅读中出现的长难句经常是考生对文章理解的障碍，这是因为它一方面结构复杂，经常多种从句套用，另一方面是因为它分隔现象比较普遍，常将从句隔离开，有时还出现省略、倒装、虚拟等特殊句式用法，这些无疑都增加了理解的难度。
长难句的破解关键在于要能找出句子的主干成分，分清从属成分。
即将“枝叶”——介词短语、插入语、定语(从句)、状语(从句)、同位语(从句)、非谓语等去掉，留下的便是“主干”。
[典例] Rachel Liang (梁文音), a Taiwanese singer, who once competed in a series of Taiwanese singing contests, such as the Blackie Show (《我爱黑涩会》), and One Million Stars (《超级星光大道》), rose to fame while playing Kojima Tomoko (友子) in the Taiwanese block Cape No.7 (《海角七号》)．去枝叶：同位语(a Taiwanese singer)，定语从句(who once competed in a series of Taiwanese singing contests, such as the Blackie Show, and One Million Stars)，状语从句的省略(while playing Kojima Tomoko in the Taiwanese block Cape No.7)；留主干：Rachel Liang rose to fame. (S＋V)梁文音成名了。
专题一阅读理解[全国卷3年考情分析]题型与题量卷别细微环节理解题推理推断题主旨大意题词义揣测题考情分析从统计表可以看出，高考英语阅读理解的题型设置以细微环节理解题和推理推断题为主，兼顾主旨大意题和词义揣测题。
细微环节理解题相对简洁，而其他三种题型相对较难。
在近两年的考查趋向上，细微环节理解题的答案更加隐藏，叙述含蓄，干脆信息题会越来越少，取而代之的将是事实细微环节题加入很多推理、推断、归纳等元素；推理推断题的难度会适当加大。
本专题将对这四种题型进行递进式的指导。
2024 卷Ⅰ7 5 2 1 卷Ⅱ9 3 2 1 卷Ⅲ9 3 2 12024 卷Ⅰ7 6 1 1 卷Ⅱ 5 6 2 2 卷Ⅲ 6 6 2 12024 卷Ⅰ10 3 1 1卷Ⅱ7 5 1 2卷Ⅲ8 4 1 2第一讲细微环节理解题——定位信息巧比对细微环节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简洁，只须要依据题干中的关键词，回到原文定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出正确答案。
因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。
但有些细微环节理解题由于命题人有意设置障碍，把有用信息分散在文章不同位置，有时又有转折、否定等，因此有些题目须要细致地思索、对比、计算、对上下文关键信息把握和分析。
尽管细微环节理解题相对简洁，但不行掉以轻心。
细微环节理解题常见的考查题型有：干脆信息题、间接信息题、概括细微环节理解题和正误推断题。
一、题型特点要知晓(一)细微环节理解题常见设问方式1．特别疑问句形式。
以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词引出的问题。
2．推断是非形式。
含有TRUE/FALSE, NOT true或EXCEPT等的推断是非的问题。
此时要留意题干中是否含有否定词，如not, never等。
3．以“According to ...”开头的提问形式。
细节理解题(一)A(2016·辽宁五校联考)Washington D．C.is No.1It is best known as a city of monument.In the middle of traffic circles or on street corners，you’ll find statues，plaques (匾牌)，and simple blocks of marble there.They honor the people who helped shape the US.And on Oct.20，Lonely Planet，one of the world’s largest travel guides，named Washington D．C.the No.1 city in its list of “Best in Travel 2015”．“The year 2015 is a fantastic year to visit Washington D．C.，” Tom Hall，editorial director of Lonely Planet，told The Guardian. “The 150th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination(暗杀) makes this year big for Washington D．C.The famous top hat of American’s 16th president and the gun that fired the deadly shot will be on display.Add that to its incredible eats，performing arts and museums.The nation’s capital is looking better than ever.”There are a lot of free museums in the city.When British scientist James Smithson died in 1829，he left a will giving his money to the United States to open a museum at Washington，under the name of the Smithsonian Institution.It has turned out to be a wonderful gift，and the institution now covers 19 museums.And of course，no Washington tour is complete without seeing the White House，the Capitol，and the Supreme Court，which are home to the three pillars (核心) of the US government.But there is more to explore in the center of US power.It is a city you can walk across，with wideopen avenues，old neighborhoods，and river views.And as USA_Today notes，diversity is another reason to “fall in love with the city”．“There is a lot of diversity in Washington D．C.，seen in its people，its neighborhoods and its landmarks.From Chinatown to Little Ethiopia，visiting the nation’s capital is like seeing the world in one trip，”said the newspaper.【解题导语】本文列举种种理由力证华盛顿是2015年最值得旅游的地方。
1．One of the reasons why Washington D．C.is worth a visit in 2015 is that ________．A．food and performing arts there are much better than anywhere else in the worldB．the top hat of 15th president of America will be on show in the year 2015 C．seeing the museums will make your tour in Washington D．pleteD．the diversity of the city offers you an opportunity to see more in one trip 解析：选D。
细节理解题。
根据文章第五段中的“diversity is another reason to ‘fall in love with the city’”和“From Chinatown to...in one trip”可知，多元化的华盛顿可以让你在一次旅行中看到更多，故选D项。
2．Which of the following details is right according to the article?A．The 150th anniversary of Lincoln’s assassination makes the tour more worthwhile.B．The first reason why Washington D．C.is worth a visit is that it is the capital of the country.C．Lonely Planet decides to make Washington D．C.a mostvisited place in 2015.D．All the museums in Washington D．C.were named after the Smithsonian Institution.解析：选A。
正误判断题。
根据第三段中的“The 150th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination(暗杀) makes this year big for Washington D．C.”可知，林肯被刺杀150周年纪念将成为华盛顿旅游的一大亮点，A项正确；B项文章中并未提到华盛顿值得一游的第一个原因是它是美国的首都；C项歪曲原文，《孤独星球》的编辑主任介绍了2015年华盛顿的情况，但并不是他们决定让华盛顿成为2015年最值得旅游的城市；D 项说所有的博物馆太过绝对。
3．What is USA Today，according to the last paragraph?A．A wellknown company.B．A newspaper.C．An advanced institution.D．A website.解析：选B。
细节理解题。
根据最后一段“And as USA_Today notes...said the newspaper”可知，USA Today是一份报纸。
B(2015·沈阳市教学质量检测)Standing desks have become common across Silicon Valley，offering health benefits to those willing to work on their feet.However，due to their high price，they have failed to catch on until now.Recently，Ikea has brought out Bekant convertible standing desk that can become a normal desk at the touch of button.The$500 adjustable desk can transform from a standard desk to a standing one，and Ikea hopes it could make the standing desk mainstream.Experts say that changing from a seated to a standing desk can improve productivity.Similar desks have become a common sight at tech firms such as Google，where some employees have even installed treadmill(跑步机)and bicycle desks.The desk is not the first“convertible” on the market.As early as 2013，Stir Kinect brought out an adjustable desk.The$3，890 Stir Kinect desk has a motor to raise and lower itself，converting it into a standing desk or a traditional desk.The desk can even be programmed to move up and down slightly，making it appear to take a gentle breath to remind the users to change their positions.To move between sitting and standing positions，owners simply double tap on the screen.The desk can learn the user’s preferences and suggest the best seating position.The Stir Kinect desk was created by a team of exApple and Disney engineers.It has a builtin touch screen to control and track movement，and can tell users exactly how many calories they burn by standing during their working days.It also has devices containing power points and USB ports for charging phones，to keep cables hidden.“Ikea’s heightadjustable desk is great for opening up the lower end of the market，”said JP Labrosse，founder and CEO of Stir Kinect.【解题导语】站立式办公桌对人们的健康有益，但是它的价格高昂。
