2020年暨南大学考研复试海外华语真题(2018-2019年)

2018年暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ.Vocabulary&Grammar(30%)Directions:There are30sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1.People and things that are_____are able to recover easily and quickly from unpleasant or damaging events.A.resilientB.silientC.silentD.resilent【答案】A【解析】句意：人也好，事物也好，承受能力强的都能很快从不愉快或者损坏自身的事件中恢复。

resilient能复原的；弹性的。

silent沉默的，无声的。

没有silient这一词汇。

没有resilent这一词汇。

因此，本题的正确答案为A。

2.We all got a pay rise this month,but there is_____—we are expected to work longer.A.the sting in the tailB.a sting in the tailC.the sting at the topD.a sting at the top【答案】B【解析】句意：我们这月涨工资了，但是事情总有不尽如人意的地方，我们需要工作更长时间。

a sting in the tail为固定表达，意为“不尽如人意之处”。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

3.In education,girls,who were once considered_____a decent education,now outstrip their male counterparts at almost every stage.A.more worthy ofB.less worthy ofC.more worthD.less worth【答案】B【解析】句意：在教育领域，一度被认为不值得接受教育的女孩们，已经在各个领域全面赶超男性。

2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A卷）********************************************************************************************招生专业与代码：外国语言文学0502 (涵盖英语语言文学050201、外国语言学及应用语言学050211)考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Multiple choices. There are 20 questions in this part. Choose the best answer to each question. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both linguistics candidates and literature candidates must do this part. (20%)1. A king or a queen is the head of the United Kingdom as the state is a constitutionalmonarchy. In practice, _________________.A. Parliament rules the countryB. the Prime Minister rules and reignsC. the Sovereign reigns but does not ruleD. the Sovereign rules but does not reign2. Since 1945, two parties, _________________, have held political power in the UK.A. the Conservative Party and the Labor PartyB. the Democratic Party and the Republican PartyC. the Labor Party and the Social Democratic PartyD. the Labor Party and the Democratic Party3. The finest exponents of Elizabethan drama in the English Renaissance are representedby __________________.A. Ben Johnson, Christopher Marlowe and Charles DickensB. Edmund Spenser, Charles Dickens and William ShakespeareC. William Shakespeare, Ben Johnson and Charles DickensD. William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Johnson4. The mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social economicorganization in Great Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries is referred to as _________________.A. Economic BoomB. Industrial RevolutionC. Glorious RevolutionD. Urbanization5. In the UK, children from the age of 5 to 16 _________________.A. receive completely free educationB. receive partly free educationC. do not receive free education at allD. do not receive free education if their parents are rich6. Discovery of law of the universal gravitation by _________________ is the mostimportant of all his achievements in physics.A. KeplerB. Isaac NewtonC. GalileoD. Copernicus7. The earliest settlers in America first found and took over the parts of_________________.。

2019年暨南大学445汉语国际教育基础[专业硕士]考研真题及详解一、中外文化及跨文化交际基础知识（50分）（一）填空题（13小题，每题1分，共13分）1．《孟子》《庄子》《韩非子》《战国策》都善于用______的形式说明道理。

【答案】寓言故事【解析】中国古代的寓言故事在战国时期经历了一个繁荣的时期，这一时期的寓言故事数量很多，比如现在常见的庖丁解牛、井底之蛙等都出自于这一时期。

战国时期各家著作中寓言故事屡见不鲜且各具特色，《孟子》中的寓言简约隽永，《庄子》中的寓言绮丽诡谲，《韩非子》中的寓言生动峭刻，《战国策》中的寓言辨丽恣肆。

2．谢灵运的诗歌，扭转了当时的玄言诗风，开创了文学史上的______派。

【答案】山水诗【解析】魏晋南北朝时期，随着玄学在思想领域的流行，玄言诗也盛行于文坛。

身处这一时期的谢灵运一改玄言诗风，在放浪山水、揽胜猎奇的过程中探索以富艳精工的语言记叙游赏经历，描摹自然景物，从而开创了我国文学史上的山水诗派。

3．“清水出芙蓉，天然去雕饰”是______对韦良宰文章的评价，后人常以此形容其诗歌语言艺术。

【答案】李白【解析】“清水出芙蓉，天然去雕饰”出自李白的《经乱离后天恩流夜郎忆旧游书怀赠江夏韦太守良宰》一诗。

“清水出芙蓉，天然去雕饰”一句赞美了韦太守的文章自然清新的格调，后人常用此句喻指诗歌语言纯美自然、不事雕琢的特点。

4．“原来姹紫嫣红开遍，似这般都付与断井颓垣，良辰美景奈何天，赏心乐事谁家院……”，这脍炙人口的曲子，出自汤显祖______。

【答案】《牡丹亭》【解析】“原来姹紫嫣红开遍，似这般都付与断井颓垣，良辰美景奈何天，赏心乐事谁家院……”出自明末戏曲作家汤显祖的《牡丹亭》。

这一句道出了久处深闺的杜丽娘到花园遣闷时的伤春情绪。

5．《三国演义》塑造了一批具有______的艺术典型，如曹操、刘备、诸葛亮。

【答案】特征化性格【解析】《三国演义》在人物塑造上的显著特点，就是塑造了一批具有特征化性格的艺术典型。

2020年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题B卷********************************************************************************************学科、专业名称：全日制汉语国际教育硕士专业学位研究生研究方向：汉语国际教育考试科目名称：汉语基础（354）考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

一.汉语语言学基础知识（70分）（一）填空题（共5大题，共15分。

语音题2分、语法题4分、汉字题3分、古汉语题3分、修辞题3分）1、语音题（共2分）按要求回答：（1）（）是音位和音位组合起来构成的最小的语音结构单位。

（2）现代汉语是指现代汉民族使用的共同语，是以（）为标准音语音。

2、语法题（共4分）按要求回答：找出“我们都去一下广州火车站。

”这句话中的四种结构：（1）主谓结构（）（2）状中结构（）（3）动补结构（）（4）定中结构（）3、汉字题（每空1分，共3分）按要求回答：“三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。

”这个句子中的：（1）指事字是（）。

（2）会意字是（）。

（3）形声字是（）。

4、古汉语题（每空1分，共3分）按要求回答：“杯觞引满从衣湿，墙壁书多任手顽。

”这个句子中的：（1）跟“任”意思相近的是（）（2）可以根据“任”来判断（）的意义。

（3）根据上文来判断下文的意义，这是汉语中的（）5、修辞题（共3分）按要求回答：比喻由四个要素构成，除“本体”外还有三个，它们是：。

目　录2011年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2012年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2013年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2014年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2015年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2016年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2017年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2018年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解2011年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解SECTION AⅠ. Fill the blanks with proper answers (10%)1. The English sonnet, also known as _____ sonnet, usually has a regular rhyme scheme a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g.【答案】Shakespearean【解析】莎士比亚的诗作，改变了彼得拉克的格式，由三段四行和一副对句组成，即按四、四、四、二编排，其押韵格式为“ABAB，CDCD，EFEF，GG”。

每行诗句有十个抑扬格音节。

2. It was in 1798, with the publication of William Wordsworth’s _____, in collaboration with S.T. Coleridge, that romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature.【答案】Lyrical Ballads1798年，华兹华斯与柯勒律治将各自的诗歌合为一册，定【解析】名为《抒情歌谣集》。

3. The typical feature of Robert Browning’s poetry is the _____.【答案】dramatic monologue【解析】勃朗宁对英国诗歌的最大贡献，是发展和完善了戏剧独白诗这样一种独特的诗歌形式，并且用它鲜明而生动地塑造了各种不同类型的人物性格，深刻而复杂地展示了人的内在心理。

2019年广东暨南大学汉语基础A卷考研真题 一、简答题 1、语音简答题填上下面表格，简述汉语普通话的“声韵拼合规律”。

2、词汇简答题 分析诠释“光”与“无边无际”词义的方法和适用范围。

（1）光：通常指照耀在物体上使人能看见物体的那种物质。

（2）无边无际：无：没有。

边：界限；边缘。

际：靠边的或分界的地方。

无边无际指范围极为广阔，看不见边际。

3、语法简答题 简述汉语的“配价理论”并分析以下句子。

a．小王休息了。

b．小王吃饺子。

c．小王借小李一本书。

4、修辞简答题 从修辞的角度，分析以下两个句子的异同。

a．我们又涨工资了。

b．公司又来了几个新手。

5、语言学概论简答题 （1）形象地说，语音是语言的物质外壳；词汇是语言的建筑材料；语法是语言的建筑结构。

文字是记录语言的符号系统。

（2）就具体语言表达而言 （a）语义有决定性； （b）句法有强制性； （c）语用有选择性； （d）认知有解释性。

从这两个方面分析以下语句： a．五百里滇池奔来眼底，披襟岸帻，喜茫茫空阔无边。

b．数千年往事注到心头，把酒凌虚，叹滚滚英雄谁在? 二、请为下面的诗句标注国际音标。

（共10分） 野旷天低树，江清月近人。

三、请将下列以“女”为偏旁部首的字进行意义归类。

妻、姑、姐；奴、婢、媒；姜、姬、赢；嫁、娶、娩；姣、妩、媚；奸、嫉、妒 四、请归纳出下面各句中“就”的词性及其意义。

1、他们在楼上就了座。

2、马上就到了。

3、就你一个人啊? 4、你就送来，我也不要！ 5、就这个问题，大家谈谈自己的看法。

五、请将下列文言文翻译成现代汉语。

告子曰：“性猶湍水也，決諸東方則東流，決諸西方則西流。

人性之無分於善不善也，猶水之無分於東西也。

”孟子曰：“水信無分於東西，無分於上下乎?人性之善也，猶水之就下也。

人無有不善，水無有不下。

今夫水，搏而躍之，可使過顙；激而行之，可使在山。

是豈水之性哉?其勢則然也。

（《孟子·告子上》） 六、语音分析题 1、试分析下面这些句子有没有差别?如果有，差别在哪儿?你认为该怎么读这些句子?并通过这些例子概括语调的功能。

考研真题：暨南大学2020年[语言文学基础与理论A卷]考试真题一、名词解释1、《洛神赋》2、《文学革命论》3、现代汉语4、典型5、“意象派”诗歌二、简答题1、试论明代前后七子文学复古的得失与影响。

2、简述1930年代茅盾的小说创作概况和主要特点。

3、举例说明“声调、调值、调型、调号、调类”的定义。

4、什么是文学的风格和流派?5、简述欧洲古典主义文学产生的历史背景及其基本特征。

三、论述题1、以具体实例分析李商隐诗歌的艺术成就。

2、结合时代文化背景，比较“伤痕文学”与“反思文学”在创作上的同与异，并作简要的评判。

3、什么是中心词分析法?其特点有哪些?什么是层次分析法?其原则有哪些?请举例说明并比较二者差异。

4、曹丕指出：“文以气为主，气之清浊有体，不可力强而致。

譬诸音乐，曲度虽均，节奏同检;至于引气不齐，巧拙有素，虽在父兄，不能以移子弟。

”(曹丕：《典论·论文》)请分析这段材料。

5、试论古希腊神话的主要内容及其意义。

6、简述你熟悉的一种少数民族语言的基本特点;或简述一位当代少数民族作家的创作。

考研真题：暨南大学2020年[语言文学基础与理论B卷]考试真题一、名词解释1、永明体2、《棋王》3、构词法（并举例）4、艺术构思5、“湖畔派”诗人二、简答1、简述唐诗发展轨迹2、简述1980年的“知青文学”3、文学消费的二重性是什么？4、当代文学消费有什么特点？5、简述浪漫主义文学的历史背景和基本特征三、论述1、论述市民文化形态的变化和明清小说繁荣的关系2、论述“十七年文学”的优点和缺点3、论述《儿子与情人》中的“俄底浦斯情结”4、结合具体作品论述象征型文学的特点。

2019年暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I.Vocabulary&Grammar(30%)Directions:There are30sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.cation and work can be restructured to teach and______the skills of concentration and focus.A.proposeB.propagateC.propelD.proceed【答案】B【解析】句意：教育和工作可以重组，以教授和培养专注和专注的技能。

propagate传播；宣传。

propose建议；求婚。

propel推进；激励。

proceed开始；继续进行。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

2.It’s difficult to_____the demands of my job and the desire to be a good father.A.reconcilebineC.relateD.integrate【答案】A【解析】句意：很难兼顾我的工作要求和做一个好父亲的愿望。

reconcile使一致；使调解。

combine联合；结合。

relate联系；讲述。

integrate成为一体；使加入。

因此，本题的正确答案为A。

3.Break out of this guilt and let yourself_____in your sense of accomplishment for what you have gotten done instead of what there is still to do.A.absorbB.indulgeC.involveD.relish【答案】D【解析】句意：打破这种内疚，让自己对你已经完成的事情而不是还要做的事情津津乐道。

暨南大学2018考研真题之445汉语国际教育基础一、中外文化及跨文化交际基础知识（80分）（一）填空题（26小题，30个空，每空1分，共30分）文字和部分青铜器上的铭文，是现在所知最古的文字。

自称“我善养吾浩然之气”,以仁义蔑视君王的富贵。

《诗经》传至汉代，有齐、鲁、韩、毛四家，现今传世的是《诗》。

《史记》全书由十二本纪、十表、、三十世家、七十组成。

鲁迅称《》是一部“名士的教科书”。

《》是最早的文人词总集。

7. 是金代最重要的诗人，也是杰出的诗论家，有《论诗绝句三十首》。

8. [endif]明代中后期思想活跃，兴起，突出了人在道德实践中的主观能动性。

9. 是清代影响最大的散文派别。

10. 是“文界革命”口号的提出者，也是新文体的成功创造者。

11. 《》通过描述英雄人物的事迹，反映了藏族人民的古代社会生活和习俗。

12.享千年“书圣”之荣的是晋代的。

13. 2004年中国开始在海外设立教授汉语和传播中国文化的非营利性教育机构“”。

14. 《》是二十世纪魔幻现实主义的代表作家马尔克斯的第一部长篇小说。

15. 在跨文化交际研究中，我们可以采取这样的顺序来进行分析：主流文化、_______、地区文化、小群体文化。

16. 关于文化的特性，一般认为文化是人类所独有的，是区别人类和动物的主要标志。

文化是社会遗产，而不是____________。

17. 文化是人们行动的_____________。

18. 在从事跨文化交际中，不仅要注意词的概念意义，更重要的是需要随时随地注意词的_____________________。

19. 在人际交往中不论关系远近，中国人喜欢借用________的称呼作为招呼语。

20. 价值观与交际是_____________的关系。

21. 非言语交际对言语交际的辅助作用包括重复、否定、______、______、强调、调节。

22. 霍夫斯蒂德（Hofstede）提出的文化价值观维度中，不确定因素回避（Uncertainty Avoidance）程度____的文化通过________、安全措施以及对于绝对真理的信仰尽力回避各种不确定因素。

2018年暨南大学汉语国际教育硕士试卷答案354汉语基础请将答案注明题号写在谷题纸上,试题纸上做无效汉语语言学基础知识(一)填空题1.语音填空题(1)落(2)木(3)不2.语法填空题(1)进口彩电(2)我看不下去了(3)他原来是老师(4)开刀的是他父亲(5)妇女在理发店3.汉字填空题(1)天(2)寒古汉语填空题(1)抑制(2)容身(3)腐烂,磨灭5.修辞填空题(1)暗喻(2)借代(二)判断题1.语法判断题(1)√(2)错【解析】是同位结构。

2.词汇判断题(1)√(2)错3.修辞判断题(1)错(2)√(3)×4.语言学概论判断题(1)×(2)√(3)对(三)选择题1.语音选择题(1)(a[a](2)(c)d](3)(d)E]2.词汇选择题(1)a(2)b3.语法选择题(1)(2)b(3)c4.汉字选择题(1)来(2)人5.古汉语选择题1)(1)a(2)d(3)eC 表示意愿:愿、想、要、肯、敢B 表示必要:应,该,应该,应当,得A 表示可能:能,可,会,能够,可能,可以语,可以构成“不V 不”的格式1)助动词也叫能愿动词,表示可能、必要或意愿,语法特点是只能带动词性宾3.语法简答题第二,词性不同。

第一,搭配对象。

(3)功能分析法:第二,范围大小第一,语义轻重。

(2)意义分析法:词和一般词。

第二,语体色彩,主要是口语和书面语,方言和普通话,音译词和意译词,专用第一,感情色彩,主要是褒贬色彩,分为褒义、贬义和中性三种。

(1)色彩分析法:辨析同义词一般可以运用三种方法从6个方面来进行:同义,而其余的义项并不同义。

同义词的辨析是以义项为单位的,许多同义词是多义词,他们可能只有某个义项2.词汇简答题的摩擦成分,在语音学上称为半元音。

ian,也是零声母音节。

严格地说,这些元音起头的音节在发音时仍然带有轻微隔开音节作用的字母。

如“羊”yang,“问”wen 这三个音节实际上是iang,uen,语拼音中y、w 两个字母只出现在零声母音节的开头,但它们不是声母,而是起的。

2020年广东暨南大学英语水平考试考研真题学科、专业名称：外国语言文学研究方向：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学考试科目名称：外语（英）水平考试考试科目代码：706考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. He made ______ alterations to his house and then sold it at a huge profit.A. offensiveB. horribleC. radicalD. patient2. After the accident, the nerves to her arm were damaged and so the muscles ____ through disuse.A. atrophiedB. contractedC. elongatedD. invigorated3. Experts have _____ with some effective measures to prevent the disease from spreading.A. caught upB. put upC. come upD. kept up4.Many animals display______ instincts only while their offspring are yo ung and helpless.A. cerebralB. imperiousC. ruefulD. maternal5. He seemed to be a very important person __________.A. the way through which he walkedB. in the way how he walkedC. in the way he would walkD. the way he walked6. Only a selected number of landladies in the neighborhood have been allowed by theuniversity to take in _____.A. residentsB. inhabitantsC. lodgersD. settlers7. _____ the popular belief that classical music is too complex, it achieves a simplicitythat only a genius can create.A. Subject toB. Contrary toC. Familiar toD. Similar to8. The drink was packaged in champagne bottles and was being _____ as the real stuff.A. passed outB. passed byC. passed overD. passed off9. It is said that the math teacher seems _____ towards bright students.A. liableB. partialC. beneficialD. preferable10. Cathedrals usually take decades, even centuries, to complete; thus no oneexpected the National Cathedral to be built with________.A. dispatchB. presumptionC. durabilityD. deliberation11. Doctors sometimes _____ old cures when modern medicine doesn’t work.A. fall onB. fall down onC. fall back onD. fall in upon12. Many people at that time believed that spices help preserve food; however, Hallfound that many marketed spices were ____ bacteria, molds and yeasts.A. devoid ofB. teeming withC. improved byD. destroyed by13. A painter’s ability to render a likeness is both_______ and acquired; the artistblends natural abilities with worldly experience in the creation of his or her art.A. anticipatedB. overtC. aestheticD. innate14. Because the pandas had already been weakened by disease and drought, a harshwinter would have had___________ consequences for them.A. preventiveB. regressiveC. catastrophicD. unforeseen15. The football match was _____ because of the heavy rain.A. called overB. called upC. called outD. called off16. Rodolfo Gonzales was once described as ________ in body and mind because of theflexibility and grace apparent in both his boxing and his writing of poetry and plays.A. unyieldingB. tremulousC. emphaticD. lithe17. A _______ is a grill on which meat, fish and other foods are cooked over hotcharcoal, usually outdoors.A. duetB. fagC. tonicD. barbecue18.The______ warned the sleeping troops that the enemy was creeping near .A. pickpocketB. picketC. pikeD. pickup19. Last Sunday she came to visit us out of the blue. The italicized phrase means______.A. unexpectedlyB. unhappilyC. untidilyD. unofficially20. We had a good time there, and the food was plentiful and _____.A. conduciveB. wholesomeC. helpfulD. appreciative21. On the conference, representatives from different countries _____ different viewpointson this international issue.A. put outB. put offC. put forthD. put down22. If you spill hot liquid on your skin it will______ you.A. scaleB. scaldC. shunD. shunt23. ____ the wall, we decided that we should need three tins of paint.A. Making upB. Doing upC. Putting upD. Sizing up24. In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly _____ if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.A. admiredB. regardedC. expectedD. worshipped25. If we believe something is good and true we should _____ to it.A. hold upB. keep onC. hold onD. keep up26. Suppose your father _______ you, what ___________?A. sees…should he sayB. should see…will he have saidC. had seen…will he sayD. saw…would he say27. Ecology, like economics, concerns itself with the movement of valuable ________through a complex network of producers and consumers.A. commoditiesB. dividendsC. nutrientsD. artifacts28. ____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinnerparty.A. Had they arrivedB. Could they arriveC. Were they arrivingD. Were they to arrive29. Their daughter often turns a deaf ear to their inquiries, so they sometimes have to ______answers from her.A. distillB. exchangeC. squeezeD. exit30. ____ by nature, Jones spoke very little even to his own family members.A. GarrulousB. EquivocalC. TaciturnD. ArrogantPart II. Cloze (20 points)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.The 1 of the division of labour, in the general business of society, willbe more easily understood by considering in what manner it operates in some particular manufactures. It is commonly supposed to be carried furthest in some very 2 ones; not perhaps that it really is carried further in them than in othersof more 3 : but in those manufactures which are destined to supply the small 4 of but a small number of people, the whole number of workmen must necessarilybe 5 ; and those employed in every different branch of the work can often be collected into the 6 workhouse, and placed at once under the view of the 7 . In those great manufactures, 8 , which are destined to satisfy the great body of the people, every different branch of the work employs 9 a number of workmen that we can seldom see more, 10 , than those employed inone 11 branch. 12 in such manufactures, therefore, the work may really be divided into a much greater number of parts, the division is not near so 13 , and has accordingly been much less observed.To take an example, therefore, from a manufacture in which the division of labourhas been very often taken 14 of, the trade of the pin-maker; a workman not educated to this business (which the division of labour has 15 a distinct trade), nor acquainted with the use of the machinery employed in it (to the 16 of which the same division of labour has probably given occasion), could 17 ,perhaps, with his utmost 18 , make one pin in a day, and certainly could not make twenty. But in the way in which this business is now carried on, not only the whole work is a 19 trade, but it is divided into a number of branches. I have seen a small manufactory of this kind where ten men only were employed, and where they could, when they 20 themselves, make among them about twelve pounds of pins in a day.1. A. causes B. background C. effects D. principles2. A. important B. great C. trifling D. worthless3. A. influence B. importance C. production D. labour4. A. business B. products C. wants D. necessities5. A. large B. enough C. excess D. small6. A. same B. small C. separate D. different7. A. audience B. spectator C. workman D. employer8. A. by and large B. in addition C. on the contrary D. so to speak9. A. so great B. so small C. such great D. such small10.A. at the time B. at any time C. at one time D. at times11.A. single B. different C. particular D. important12.A. If B. While C. Though D. As13.A. complete B. fair C. obvious D. obscure14.A. care B. notice C. control D. attention15.A. rendered B. displayed C. yielded D. caused16.A. usage B. application C. invention D. inception17.A. likely B. easily C. scarce D. often18.A. intelligence B. craft C. ability D. industry19.A. peculiar B. trivial C. great D. important20.A. applied B. pushed C. tried D. exertedPart III. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions:In this section, there are three passages followed by questions orunfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and write the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1Slavery was legal for over 200 years in some parts of North America, particularly the southern states of the United States, where the plantation system of agriculture depended on the labor of slaves, most of whom came from Africa. Slaves had no rights or freedoms because they were thought of as property. From the time of its origin, slavery had opponents. The abolitionist movement began in the 1600s when the Quakers in Pennsylvania objected to slavery on moral grounds and wanted to abolish the institution.In 1793, Canada passed a law abolishing slavery and declared that any escaped slaves who came to Canada would be free citizens. Slavery was already illegal in most northern states; however, slaves captured there by slave hunters could be returned to slavery in the South. Canada refused to return runaway slaves or to allow American slave hunters into the country. It is estimated that more than 30, 000 runaway salves immigrated into Canada and settled in the Great Lakes region between 1830 and 1865.The American antislavery movement was at the height of its activity during the 1800s, when abolitionists developed the Underground Railroad, a loosely organized system whereby runaway slaves were passed from safe house to safe house as they fled northwards to free states or Canada. The term was first used in the 1830s and came from an Ohio clergyman who said, “They who took passage on it disappeared from public view as if they had really gone to ground.” Because the Underground Railroad was so secret, few records exist that would reveal the true number of people who traveled on it to freedom. The most active routes on the railroad were in Ohio, Indiana, and western Pennsylvania.Runaway slaves usually travel alone or in small groups. Most were young menbetween the ages of 16 and 35. The fugitives hid in wagons under loads of hay or potatoes, or in furniture and boxes in steamers and on rafts. They traveled on foot through swamps and woods, moving only a few miles each night, using the North Star as a compass. Sometimes they moved in broad daylight. Boys disguised themselves as girls, and girls dressed as boys. In one well-known incident, twenty-eight slaves escaped by walking in a funeral procession from Kentucky to Ohio.The “railroad” developed its own language. The “trains” were the large farm wagons that could conceal and carry a number of people. The ‘tracks” were the backcountry roads that were used to elude the slave hunters. The “stations” were the homes and hiding places where the slaves were fed and cared for as they moved north. The “agents” were the people who planned the escape routes. The “conductors”were the fearless men and women who led the slaves toward freedom. The “passengers”were the slaves who dared to run away and break for liberty. Passengers paid no fare and conductors received no pay.The most daring conductor was Harriet Tubman, a former slave who dedicated her life to helping other runaways. Tubman made 19 trips into the South to guide 300 relatives, friends, and strangers to freedom. She was wanted dead or alive in the South, but she was never captured and never lost a passenger. A determined worker, she carried a gun for protection and a supply of drugs to quiet the crying babies in her rescue parties.A number of white people joined the effort, including Indiana banker Levi Coffin and his wife Catherine, who hid runaways in their home, a “station” conveniently located on three main escape routes to Canada. People could be hidden there for several weeks, recovering their strength and waiting until it was safe to continue on their journey. Levi Coffin was called the “president of the Underground Railroad”because he helped as many as 3 000 slaves to escape.The people who worked on the railroad were breaking the law. Although the escape network was never as successful or as well organized as Southerners thought, the few thousand slaves who made their way to freedom in this way each year had a symbolic significance out of proportion to their actual numbers. The Underground Railroadcontinued operating until slavery in the United States was finally abolished in 1865.1. Why did thousands of runaway slaves immigrate to Canada?A. They preferred the climate of the Great Lakes region.B. Working conditions for slaves were better in Canada.C. Canada had no laws restricting immigration.D. Former slaves could live as free citizens in Canada.2. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the underlinedsentence in paragraph 3?A. The Underground Railroad kept secret records in which all of the passengers and tripswere documented.B. Few people understood why the Underground Railroad would not reveal how many peoplechose to travel in this way.C. The Underground Railroad’s records were not accurate, so the true number of travelers isdifficult to estimate.D. We do not know exactly how many slaves escaped on the Underground Railroad becauseit was a secret organization.3. The author discusses the language of the Underground Railroad in paragraph 5 in order toA. trace the history of American English words.B. illustrate the secret nature of the escape network.C. point out that some words have more than one meaning.D. compare the Underground Railroad to other railways.4. Which of the following statements is true about the passengers on the Underground Railroad?A. Their destination was in the northern states or Canada.B. They were not allowed to make stops during the journey.C. Their babies were disguised to look like baggage.D. They paid the conductors at the end of the journey.5. It can be inferred from paragraph 8 that the author most likely believes which of the followingabout the Underground Railroad?A. The people who worked on the railroad should have been arrested.B. The railroad was unsuccessful because it could not help every slave.C. Southerners did not know about the railroad until after it closed.D. The railroad represented a symbolic victory for abolitionists.Passage 2At the present time, 98 percent of the world energy consumption comes from stored sources, such as fossil fuels or nuclear fuel. Only hydroelectric and wood energy represent completely renewable sources on ordinary time scales. Discovery of large additional fossil fuel reserves, solution of the nuclear safety and waste disposal problems, or the development of controlled thermonuclear fusion will provide only a short-term solution to the world’s energy crisis. Within about 100 years, the thermal pollution resulting from our increased energy consumption will make solar energy a necessity at any cost.Man’s energy consumption is currently about one part in ten thousand that of the energy we receive from the sun. However, it is growing at a 5 percent rate, of which about 2 percent represents a population growth and 3 percent a per capita energy increase. If this growth continues, within 100 years our energy consumption will be about 1 percent of the absorbed solar energy, enough to increase the average temperature of the earth by about one degree centigrade if stored energy continues to be our predominant source. This will be the point at which there will be significant effects on our climate, including the melting of the polar ice caps, a phenomenon which will raise the level of the oceans and flood parts of our major cities. There is positive feedback associated with this process, since the polarice cap contributes to the partial reflectivity of the energy arriving from the sun: As the ice caps begin to melt, the reflectivity will decrease, thus heating the earth still further.It is often stated that the growth rate will decline or that energy conservation measures will preclude any long-range problem. Instead, this only postpones the problem by a few years. Conservation by a factor or two together with a maintenance of the 5 percent growth rate delays the problem by only 14 years. Reduction of the growth rate to 4 percent postpones the problem by only 25 years; in addition, the inequities in standards of living throughout the world will provide pressure toward an increase in growth rate, particularly if cheap energy is available. The problem of a changing climate will not be evident until perhaps ten years before it becomes critical due to the nature of an exponential growth rate together with the normal annual weather variations. This may be too short a period to circumvent the problem by converting to other energy sources, so advance planning is a necessity.The only practical means of avoiding the problem of thermal pollution appears to be the use of solar energy. Using the solar energy before it is dissipated to heat does not increase the earth’s energy balance. The cost of solar energy is extremely favorable now, particularly when compared to the cost of relocating many of our major cities.6. All of the following are factors which will tend to increase thermal pollution EXCEPTA. the earth’s increasing population.B. increase in per capita energy consumption.C. expected anomalies in weather patterns.D. melting of the polar ice caps.7. The positive feedback mentioned in paragraph 2 means that the melting of the polar ice capswillA. reduce per capital energy consumption.B. accelerate the transition to solar energy.C. intensify the effects of thermal pollution.D. necessitates a shift to alternative energy sources.8. The possibility of energy conservation is mentioned in order toA. refute a possible objection to the author’s position.B. support directly the central idea of the text.C. prove that such measures are ineffective.D. supply the reader with additional background information.9. Which of the following would be the most logical topic for the author to address in a succeedingparagraph?A. The problems of nuclear energy and waste disposal.B. The availability and cost of solar energy technology.C. The practical effects of flooding of coastal cities.D. A history of the development of solar energy.10. The tone of the text is best described as one ofA. optimism.B. indignation.C. suspicion.D. pessimism.Passage 3Democritus was fascinated by the question of what principle underlay the material universe and developed a solution that revealed the brilliance of his thought. Every material thing, he believed, is made up of a finite number of discrete particles, or atoms, as he called them, whose joining together and subsequent separation account for the coming to be of things and for their passing away. The atoms themselves, he said, are infinite in number and eternal. They move, according to a necessary motion, in the void, which we would call space.Most of the main tenets of the atomism of Democritus were astonishingly modern.First, the atoms were invisibly small. They were all of the same stuff, or nature, but they came in a multitude of different shapes and sizes. Though impermeable (Democritus did not know that atoms could be split), they acted upon one another, aggregating and clinging to one another so as to produce the great variety of bodies that we see. The space outside the atoms was empty, a concept that most of Democritus’s contemporaries could not accept.Second, the atoms are in perpetual motion, in every direction, throughout empty space. There is no above or below, before or behind, in empty space, said Democritus. In modern terms, empty space did not vary according to direction. This was an extremely sophisticated notion.Third, the continual motion of the atoms was inherent. They possessed what we would call inertial mass. The notion that the atoms kept on moving without being pushed, besides being another remarkable intellectual concept, was not acceptable to Aristotle and others. Only the celestial bodies, Aristotle thought, kept on moving of and by themselves, because they were divine. The general refusal by Aristotle and his influential followers to accept the law of inertia stood as an obstacle to development of physics for two thousand years.Fourth, weight or gravity was not a property of atoms or indeed of aggregates thereof. Here Democritus was as wrong as wrong could be.Whether Democritus was right or wrong about a fifth point is not definitely decided to this day. He held that the soul is breath and because breath is material, and therefore made up of atoms, so must the soul be. He maintained that, because the soul is a physical thing, it must be determined by physical laws; it cannot be free. Even the hardy thinkers who claim to accept this theory do not act as if they do. They may deny the innate freedom of others, but they act as if they believe in their own.The tension built up by this antinomy has proved to be fruitful over the centuries. However, the notion that the soul was material proved so unacceptable to both the Aristotelians and the Christians that for nearly two millennia the atomic hypothesis languished.11. According to Democritus, empty space ________.A. is directionless with regard to the movement of atomsB. is an erroneous notion concerning atomsC. possesses inertial massD. is an illusion when viewed at the atomic level12. The author discusses the beliefs of Aristotle and his followers in order to________.A. show the history that led up to the development of the theory of atomism.B. note that influential individuals delayed the acceptance of scientific truthC. highlight the accuracy of certain parts of Democritus’s theoryD. add an element of philosophy into an otherwise scientific discussion13. It can be inferred from Democritus’s inclusion of the soul in his theories of the materialuniverse that ________.A. philosophy, religion, and science were not always thought of as separate fieldsB. scientists were often unsuccessful in making philosophical theoriesC. he was attempting to align his thinking with that of AristotleD. while his initial theories were accurate, his later theories were proven wrong14. Democritus would most likely believe that which of the following would explain the lifecycle of a flower?A. The constant motion of atoms produces the illusion of a flower.B. The splitting of atoms leads to the creation of new cells which form the flower.C. The same material that composes the soul also breathes life into plants.D. Atoms come together as the flower grows and disperse as it dies.15. Which is most analogous to a “hardy thinker’s” view of the soul?A. A politician’s practice of using public transportation because that is how everyone in hiscity travels.B. A doctor’s recommendation that his patient quit smoking to improve the patient’s healthwhile the doctor smokes a pack a day.C. A mother taking her daughter to ballet practice every day because the mother never hadthat opportunity as a child.D. A teacher showing all his students the proper way to do a math problem and then doingnothing while the students solve a set of problems.Part IV. Translation (40 points)Section A. Chinese to English (20 points): Translate the following into English.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.白先勇（Pai Hsien-yung）毕业于爱荷华大学著名的“作家工作坊”，想必也曾吸取了詹姆斯、乔伊斯、福克纳和菲茨杰拉德等大家的写作经验。

2019年暨南大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】2019年暨南大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Ⅰ. 词语翻译（30%）Section A. 英译汉（15%）1. USTR【答案】美国贸易代表署2. ASEAN【答案】东盟3. TCM【答案】中医药4. sole agency【答案】独家代理5. blue-chip stocks【答案】蓝筹股6. right of appeal【答案】上诉权7. chief referee【答案】首席裁判8. The Grapes of Wrath 【答案】愤怒的葡萄9. gene mutation【答案】基因突变10. punitive duties【答案】惩罚性关税11. dialectical materialism 【答案】辩证唯物主义12. tittytainment【答案】奶头乐理论13. wealth gap【答案】财富差距14. patriarchal society【答案】宗法社会15. cultural turn【答案】文化转向Section B. 汉译英（15%）1. 人工智能【答案】artificial intelligence2. 精准扶贫【答案】targeted poverty alleviation 3. 供给侧改革【答案】supply-side reform4. 拦路虎【答案】road blocker5. 抖音【答案】Tik Tok6. 实名认证【答案】real name authentication 7. 不可抗力【答案】force majeure8. 反倾销【答案】anti-dumping9. 扫脸支付【答案】face scan payment10. 零和思维【答案】zero-sum mentality11. 进博会【答案】China International Import Expo12. 文化自信【答案】cultural confidence13. 去库存【答案】stockpile removal14. 衣食住行【答案】food, cloth, housing, and transportation15. 《反分裂国家法》【答案】Anti-Secession LawⅡ. 英汉互译（120%）Section A. 英译汉（60%）It is extremely rare for Britain to take a foreign-policy stance at odds with that of its closest and most important ally, America. It is perhaps unprecedented for it to do so by siding, in a contentious issue of global financial governance, with the superpower’s emerging rival, China. Yet that, in effect, is how America seems to interpret Britain’s plans, announced on March 12th, to join China’s new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) as a founding shareholder. China, naturally, is chuffed. Most other observers are confused.The AIIB is one of a number of new institutions launched by China, apparently in frustration at the failure of the existing international financial order to adapt quickly enough to accommodate its astonishing rise. Efforts to reform the International Monetary Fund are stalled in the United States Congress. America retains its tradition grip in the management of the World Bank. The AsianDevelopment Bank remains based in Manila, but it is mostlyrun by Japanese bureaucrats.So, it is perhaps understandable that China, flush with the world’s biggest foreign-exchange reserves and anxious to convert them into “soft power”, is building an alternative system. Its plans do not just include the AIIB, but also a New De velopment Bank launched with its “BRICS” partners—Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa—and a Silk Road development fund to boost “connectivity” with its neigh bors. And, in the security sphere, there is the Shanghai Co-operation Organization that links it with Russia and Central Asia.America, however, has reacted negatively to the AIIB. Its officials argue that they have not “lobbied against” it. Instead they merely stressed how important it is that such an institution abide by international standards—of transparency, creditworthiness, environmental sustainability, and so on. But officials in Singapore, for example, a close partner to both America and China, say they had some difficult discussions with America when they decided to support China’s initiativ e.【参考译文】英国在外交政策上采取与其最亲近、最重要的盟友美国不同的立场，这是十分罕见的。

2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题学科、专业名称：外国语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学研究方向：各研究方向考试科目名称：808外国语言文学综合考试SECTION A. Fill the blanks with proper answers 10%1. The English sonnet, also known as ________________________ sonnet, usually has a regularrhyme scheme a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g.2. It was in 1798, with the publication of William Wordsworth’s ___________, in collaborationwith S.T. Coleridge, that romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature.3. The typical feature of Robert Browning's poetry is the ____________________.4. The Graveyard Poets were a number of pre-Romantic English poets of the 18th centurycharacterized by their gloomy meditations on mortality in the context of the graveyard. Acontemplative and mellow mood is achieved in the celebrated opening verse of Gray's_____________________.5. As one of the great innovators of the modern novel, Virginia Woolf developed the technique of__________________________ in her writing, which focuses on the complex lives ofcharacters’ inner minds instead of outward actions.6. It was ___________________ , as the primary author who wrote “the Declaration ofIndependence”, together with other four men including Benjamin Franklin.7. ____________________’s “The Raven” is a dark reflection on lost love, death, and loss of hope.8. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Scarlet Letter is a story about a woman named _________________living in seventeenth - century Boston, then a puritan settlement.9. Early in the 1920s the most prominent of the new American playwrights, ______________,established an international reputation with such plays as The Emperor Jones and The HairyApe . 10. Hemingway’s stature as a writer was confirmed with the publication of his novel _________ in 1929, which portrayed a farewell both to war and to love. . Define the terms listed below according to your knowledge of English and American literature and criticism. 1.Gothic novel 2. Byronic hero 3. Critical Realism 4. Transcendentalism 20%. Identify the following quotations by giving 1 the title of the work; (2) the name of its author, and (3) explain briefly the implications of the underlined parts. 20%1. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a without them, and above them, won by observation . 2. If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear; / If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee; / A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share / The impulse of thy strength, only less free / Than thou, O Uncontrollable! 3. Oh sir, she smiled, no doubt, / Whene’er I passed her; but who passed without / Much the same smile? This grew I gave commands /Then all smiles stopped altogether.4. He smiled understandingly —much more than understandingly. ……Precisely atthat point it vanished — and I was looking at an elegant young roughneck, a year or two over thirty, whose elaborate formality of speech just missed being absurd.Some time before he introduced himself I’d got a strong impression that he waspicking his words with care. 5. To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. I am not solitary whilst I read and write, though nobody is with me. But if a man would be alone, let him look at the stars. The rays that come from those heavenly worlds, will separate between him and vulgar things. . Writing: Choose one of the following pair and write a comparative essay of no less than 200 words (25%):1. Charles Dickens and Thomas Hardy2. The Lost Generation & The Beat GenerationSECTION B I. There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10%) 1. Which of the following sounds does not belong to the allomorphs of the English simple past morpheme? A. [d] B. [t] C. [I t] D. [I d] 2. When -ion in 'television' is removed to get a verb 'televise', we call this way of creating words ________.A. suffixation C. blending B. back-formation D. acronymy 3. In the following conversation: - Beirut is in Peru, isn't it? - And Rome is in Romania, I suppose. The second person violates the ______________ of the Cooperative Principle. A. Quantity Maxim B. Quality Maxim C. Relation Maxim D. Manner Maxim 4. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___________.A. prescriptive B. sociolinguistic C. descriptive D. psycholinguistic 5. The discovery of the Indo-European language family began with the work of ________.A. Jacob Grimm C. Leonard Bloomfield B. Bronislaw Malinowski D. Sir William Jones 6. One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ________.A. duality B. productivity C. displacement D. arbitrariness 7. The consonant [ð] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.A. voiceless, alveolar, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, lateralC. voiced, dental, fricativeD. voiceless, labiodental, affricate 8. "I bought some roses " __________ "I bought some flowers ".A. entails C. is inconsistent with B. presupposes D. is synonymous with 9. The process where a word or phrase refers forward to another word or phrase which occurs later in a text or conversation is called __________.A. antecedent B. cataphora C. anaphora D. reference 10. Which pair of words in the following is a minimal pair? A. dick, dug B. bike, pike C. cat, pet D. page, lake II. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases starting with the first letter given below. (10%) 1. S __________ is the smallest component of meaning. 2. An e______________________ construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable center of head. 3. A c_____________ is a collection of linguistic data, either compiled as written texts or as a transcription of recorded speech. 4. A s________________ is a specification of what takes place in the classroom, which usually contains the aims and contents of teaching and sometimes contains suggestions of methodology. 5. J. R. F_________ was the first professor of general linguistics in Great Britain and he turned linguistics proper into a recognized distinct academic subject in Britain. 6. IC analysis is the short form for i__________. 7. The i________________ function is to convey new information, to communicate a content that is unknown to the hearer or reader. 8. B_________________ in linguistics holds that children learn language through a chain ofstimulus-response reinforcement.9. The P____________ School is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between phonetics and phonology. It most prominent scholar is Trubetzcoy.10. Philosophers use c_________________ to mean the properties of the entity a word denotes. III. Define the following terms. (25%)1. arbitrariness2. antonymy3. conversational implicature4. broad transcription5. propositionIV. Give each of the following a brief account. (30%)1. Linguistic determinism 10%2. Metaphor 10%3. In what way is Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole different from C homsky’s distinction between competence and performance? 10%。

2019年广东暨南大学汉语国际教育基础考研真题一、文学及文化部分基础知识(50分)(一)填空题(13小题，每题1分，共13分)1.《孟子》《庄子》《韩非子》《战国策》都善于用的形式说明道理。

2.谢灵运的诗歌，扭转了当时的玄言诗风，开创了文学史上的派。

3.“清水出芙蓉，天然去雕饰”是对韦良宰文章的评价，后人常以此形容其诗歌语言艺术。

4.“原来姹紫嫣红开遍，似这般都付与断井颓垣，良辰美景奈何天，赏心乐事谁家院……”，这脍炙人口的曲子，出自汤显祖《》。

5.《三国演义》塑造了一批具有的艺术典型，如曹操、刘备、诸葛亮。

6.“伤痕小说”因卢新华的《伤痕》而得名，而最早的“伤痕小说”是的《班主任》。

7.“蒸不烂、煮不熟、捶不扁、炒不爆、响当当一粒铜豌豆”，形容的是田汉《》话剧中的主人公。

8.《等待戈多》是爱尔兰作家贝克特的代表作，它是派戏剧的经典作品，表现了“什么也没有发生，谁也没有来，谁也没有去”的悲剧。

9.苏格拉底在批判智者学派的相对主义时，提出了“即知识”的。

10.莫里哀在他的喜剧里塑造了达尔杜弗这个典型形象。

11.今文经是对汉代师生口耳相传，并最终用通行字体写定的儒家经典的总称。

12.《儒林外史》描写的“范进中举”，所说的考试是。

13.儒家提出的实践途径是“格物—致知—诚意—正心—修身—齐家—治国—平天下”，此出自《》。

(二)术语解释题(4小题，每题5分，共20分)1.建安文学2.新月派3.多余人形象4.低语境文化(三)简答题(2小题，共17分)1.苏轼词在词史上的贡献(9分)。

2.谈谈你对“君子和而不同，小人同而不和”的理解。

(8分)二、教育学、心理学基础知识(30分)(一)选择题(6小题，每小题1分，共6分)1.小明一边听老师讲一边做笔记，这反映了注意的哪种特征?()A.注意的广度B.注意的稳定性C.注意的分配D.注意的转移2.“微风过处，送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”，从心理学的角度看，这反映了感觉的什么规律?()A.适应B.对比C.融合D.联觉3.学生想参加汉语桥大赛，但又怕比赛占用学习时间影响成绩，请问这是什么冲突?()A.双趋冲突B.双避冲突C.趋避冲突D.多重冲突4.以下哪一项不是教育学的学科特征?()A.系统性B.理论性C.实践性D.艺术性5.为了了解留学生已有的汉语基础，对其进行摸底考试，这属于何种形式的教学评价?()A.总结性评价B.诊断性评价C.形成性评价D.差异性评价6.学校的中心工作是什么?()A.教育B.教学C.学生发展D.教师发展(二)填空题(4小题，每小题1分，共4分)1.分别用宋体、楷体或草体书写汉字“华”，都会被人们认作“华”字，这是知觉的。