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普通高等学校全国招生统一考试（北京卷）英语本试卷共16页，共150分。
考试时长120分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力理解(共三节，30分)第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话你将听一遍。
例：What is the man going to read?A．A newspaper. B．A magazine. C．A book.答案是A。
1．When will the film start?A．At 5:00. B．At 6:00. C．At 7:00.2．Which club will the man join?A．The film club. B．The travel club. C．The sports club.3．What was the weather like in the mountains yesterday?A．Sunny. B．Windy. C．Snowy.4．What does the man want to cut out of paper?A．A fish. B．A bird. C．A monkey.5．Where does the conversation most probably take place?A．In a library. B．At a bookstore. C．In a museum.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，15分）听下面4段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。
听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
2020西城一模Fashion and IdentityFor hundreds of years people have put some message in the type of clothing they wore. Long ago people started wanting to stand out from the “crowd” and be different from other people by means of changing their clothing. Some examples of these “standing out” became very popular and were followed by more people. 46 Nowadays, fashion has become a necessary part of one’s self-realization and clothing is basically a covering designed to be worn on a person’s body. This covering is a “necessity”, which brings a lot of variety into the lives of people and makes their image more complete.The type of clothing completely depends on the person wearing it and becomes a reflection of personal identity. Lately, a lot is being heard about its meaning in the life of every single person on the planet. The choice of clothing is as important as identification through the color of hair, skin and gender. As every piece of clothing carries a strong message about its owner, every owner “nests” a certain value in it depending on his mindset or today’s mood. Therefore, the clothing of a person is a means of communication with the outside world. 47Clothes have a significant impact on the understanding of the people nearby as well as the person wearing them. For instance, a suit can make a person feel more confident and organized, which would eventually change even the gestures of the person. 48 Sometimes, fashion may play a vital role in a person’s life, especially when the person is applying for the job he wants. Fashion also creates a message that is required by a situation the person finds himself in. This can be simply proved by analyzing one’s reaction on people wearing different types of clothing. 49___ Thus, even the smallest companies make wearing a suit one of the requirements for their employees.50 Fashion, with all its symbolism and features, form an outstanding base for personal and cultural identification. It is a part of the self-realization that is required for finding a place in life and has become a tool for achieving harmony with the inner world. The more diverse the society around us, the more fashion-trend will appear and surprise us.A.Fashion helps us realize our dreams.B.This was the moment when fashion appeared.C.Fashion and identity are inseparable companions.D.Clothing was designed to serve people in their daily life.E.The preference is always given to people dressed in “business style”.F.It is the way of telling people about the “state” and the “status” of its owner.G.Wearing jeans after a suit may change the conduct of a person to a very casual one2020海淀一模Is there a link between social media and depression? Do social media have a negative impact on your mental health? Ifs complicated.1In a recent study, the investigators compared social media use and depression between teens.46 Specifically, for every hour per day that one teen spent on social media more than her peers, she likely had a 0.64-point higher depression score.A different study published in 2018 identified five distinct types of social media users. The finding was that "problematic social media use" was one of the main themes f o r people whose mental health was affected by social media. You can have alcohol in your life without it being a problem, or your alcohol use may become problematic. 47There's one important thing to remember about survey research because two things happen together, it's not necessarily true that one causes the other. 48 For all we know, it could be that people who are already more depressed choose to spend more time on social media.49 If you think that we shouldn't paint social media with one broad brush, you're on the right track. On the one hand, participants often described social media as a valuable way to cope with stress. On the other hand, cyberbullying via social media was also a common experience for participants. Some also said that constantly checking their own social media profile was stressful.Ifs certainly possible that experiences like cyberbullying, comparing yourself to idealized images, and constantly monitoring your profile, are bad f o r your mood. It's also true for many that social media offer community support and positive messages. Given the inconclusive research, it's safe to say that at least we shouldn't write off social media altogether. 50 Anyway, you cannot use it as a crutch f o r coping with other stressors and mental health problems.A.It's the same with social media.B.Social media can be a double-edged sword.C.People get more opinionated about the potential problems of social media.D.They found that those who used social media more had higher depression scores.E.They reviewed all existing research and found that there were both benefits and drawbacks.F.The key to benefiting from social media may lie in using it in moderation and staying sociallyconnected.G.For example, just because higher social media use co-occurs with higher levels of depression doesn'tmean social media use causes depression.2020朝阳一模What Your Nose KnowsY our sense of smell enriches your experience of the world around you. Different scents can change your mood or transport you back to a distant memory. Y our ability to smell also plays a key role in your health. 46The things we smell are actually the tiny molecules(分子) released by substances all around us. When we breathe in these molecules, they stimulate specialized sensory cells high inside the nose.47 But a given molecule can stimulate a combination of these receptors, creating a unique representation in the brain. W e perceive that representation as a smell.248 A stuffy(不通气的) nose or a harmless growth in the nose can block air and thus scents from reaching the sensory cells. Certain medications, like some blood pressure pills, can change smell, but these effects are usually temporary. Y our smell should come back once you’ve recovered or stopped the medication. But some things can cause a long-lasting loss of smell. A head injury or virus, for example, can sometimes damage the nerves related to smell. 49 According to Dr. Davangere Devanand, an expert on neurodegenerative(神经变性的) diseases and smell loss, the main reason appears to be that the functioning of the brain regions involved in smell and memory becomes damaged as we grow older.But problems with your ability to smell may be more than normal aging. They can sometimes be an early sign of serious health conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease. Devanand’s group is studying the relationships between smell dysfunction and certain disease.Researchers are also looking for ways to avoid smell loss. Some studies suggest that smell training may help you improve your ability to distinguish and identify scents. 50 But the question remains as to whether and how this might work.A. Many things can cause smell loss.B. People may have lost their ability to smell before they notice it.C. Each of these sensory cells has only one type of scent receptor.D. It may improve your brain’s ability to interpret low levels of scents.E. As people get older, many of them couldn’t identify certain kind of smell.F. If your ability to smell declines, it can affect your physical well-being and everyday safety.G. And with age, there is a decline in the ability to smell to some extent in the nose, but much more in the brain itself.2020丰台一模For serious birders who regularly observe birds in the wild, ignoring climate change isn’t possible. We have been seeing and documenting the effects of a warming climate since at least the 1950s.46 Glossy black great-tailed grackles (美洲黑羽椋鸟), for example, previously found primarily in the tropics (热带), first reached southeastern California in 1964. They are now found throughout most of the state.New research from the National Audubon Society highlights the dangers of the trend. For its new report, “Survival by Degrees,” Audubon scientists analyzed the current geographic ranges of 604 North American bird species, and modeled how those ranges would change at different levels of warming. At a global temperature rise of three degrees Celsius, they found that 389 of those species—or nearly two-thirds of those studied—would become endangered, losing much of their current habitat. 473Why does this matter to anyone who’s not a bird watcher? For one thing, birds play a crucial role in the ecology, keeping down insect populations and serving as food themselves for larger predators (食肉动物). 48 Their shifting ranges warn of increasing droughts, floods, fires, rising seas and unlivable cities.49 Audubon scientists modeled what would happen at lesser levels of warming, and the results are striking. Limiting warming to 1.5 degrees would reduce the danger for three-quarters of those threatened birds. Audubon’s report “Survival by Degrees” is not a depressing forecast but rather a call to action. It stresses the need for action at every level, by individuals and governments alike, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.As a lifelong birder, I’m proud of the role my tribe has played in documenting the effects of climate change. When local conditions change, particular types of frogs or wildflowers may decrease and disappear, few will notice. 50 I hope people can pay close attention to the urgent message in this new report and work together for solutions. Birds tell us we don’t have time to wait.A. We still have time to do something about it, however.B. But they also serve as a visible symbol of broader environmental shifts.C. This would greatly benefit humans, reducing the potential suffering for people.D. But when a bird species disappears, we dedicated birders document the change.E. In recent decades, that has meant a consistent northward shift in where species are found.F. The changes will make birding exciting, with birders finding new species in unexpected places.G. Even if some could shift their range northward, they would soon start to run out of room on the map.2020延庆一模Where do you think the world’s happiest people live? Somewhere hot with sandy beaches? A country with a tradition of the fine food and culture? Not according to a recent study by the university of Leicester. Who are the happiest people on Earth? 46 Surprised? Well you’ll be more surprised when you hear that the Danes pay some of the highest taxes in the world. So what is the secret of their success?Let’s start with all that tax they pay. The Danish government provides its people with one of the finest education and health systems in the world. It spends more on children and elderly people per capital(人均) than other country. .47 Because a shop assistant’s final salary is not that much less than someone who works in a bank, for example, Danes don’t choose their careers based on money or status as people in other countries do. They choose the job they want to do. There’s a philosophy in Denmark known as4“Jante-lov”, which translates as “you’re no better than anybody else.” 48 But workers in other countries are not used to looking at life in this way.Money doesn’t seem as important in Denmark. It has been called a “post consumerist” society.49 What is more important is the sense of society and it’s no surprise that Danes are very used to socializing. 92% of Danes belong to some kind of social club and these clubs are even paid for by the government.50 They also show an amazing amount of trust in each other and their government. You can see sighs of this all over the country. You’ll find vegetable stalls with no assistant. You take what you want and leave the money in a basket. perhaps the bike is a good symbol for Denmark. The Danes can afford cars but they choose bikes—simple, economical, non-polluting machines that show no status and help keep people fit.A. In a list ranking countries by the happiness of their citizens, it put tropical Fiji 50 places below freezing Iceland.B. The street sweeper can hold his head up high as he proudly does his job.C. Danish people aren’t as suspicious as many other nations.D. Most Danes are used to seeing between 50-70% of their salary going to the government!E. Those 5.5 million people who call Denmark their home.F. People have nice things in their houses, but they’re not mad about shopping and spending.G. And there’s another advantage to those high taxes.2020门头沟一模How to Automate New Habits So That You’ll Keep to ThemAnyone who’s tried to add something new to their routine knows one thing: Building new habits isn’t easy. 46The good news: There’s a solution, and it’s called automation. 47 For example: If you want to save more but it seems difficult to achieve, try transferring five dollars to your savings account each time you buy lunch during the week. If you want to do more sports but aren’t motivated to go to the gym every day, try doing 5 pushups after each time you use the restroom.That sounds easy. 48 “Automation works well in developing new behavior patterns because it involves the use of positive reinforcement(强化), which is one of the most powerful tools for behavior change,” Kahina Louis, a psychologist, tells Shine.“As you’re engaging in gradual steps toward your goals, you may quickly start to experience feelings of accomplishment and pride that you’re making the changes you wanted to make,” she says. “Those positive feelings are forms of reinforcement, and you are more likely to continue doing things that reinforce you.”Along with its positive reinforcement, automation emphasizes the impact of small changes in5making a big difference. Though we all love the major successes, the small changes along the way are what get us there in the first step. 49 “As you show yourself each small change you’ve made, you’re giving yourself the message that you are capable of accomplishment,” Louis says. “That feeling and self-belief are extremely helpful to have as you continue toward creating new behavior change.”50 Take a look at what things you keep doing throughout the day or course of the week to decide when to add new automation. Louis says, “For example: If you know that you’re always extremely tired after work, then you might consider picking an auto habit that occurs in your morning routine rather than in the evening.”Louis also explains that although you should pick a behavior that occurs frequently enough to maximize the opportunities to build towards your goal, try not to choose an already existing behavior that occurs too often—like checking your phone or drinking of water. “You might not even realize you’re doing it, and may then miss a lot of chances to perform the new habit,” she says.A. Find your auto habits.B. It takes time and insistence.C. But it turns out to be efficient while trying.D. Consider auto habits that occur at times or places.E. It’s the small steps that fuel your motivation and self-belief.F. It is when you add what you’d like to be your new habit onto an existing habit.G. Building a new habit requires strong mind to help the process go along smoothly.2020密云一模Mystery of EvolutionFollowing the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP), also named COVID-19 by WHO, there is a general fear of the unknown virus as its full effects remain to be seen. Fever, coughing, sore throat, difficulty breathing-the NCP's symptoms are similar to the common cold or the flu. but it's potentially more dangerous.Viruses could be deadly, like HIV and Ebola (埃博拉) . But what are viruses? How can they cause so much trouble? Viruses are non-living organisms (有机体) approximately one-millionth of an inch long. Unlike human cells or bacteria, they can't reproduce on their own. 46Viruses can infect every living thing-from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria. For this reason, they always have the potential to be dangerous to human life. Sometimes a virus can cause a disease so serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections cause no noticeable reaction. Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They can eater our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin. 47 For example, HIV, which causes AIDS. attacks the T-cells of the immune system.But the basic question is, where did viruses first come from? 48 "Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult. " Ed Rybicki, a virologist at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told6Scientific American, "because viruses don't leave fossils (化石) and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells they've invaded."49 First, viruses started as independent organisms, then became parasites (寄生者) . Second. viruses evolved from pieces of DNA or RNA that "escaped" from larger organisms. Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells.For the time being, these are only theories. The technology and evidence we have today cannot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation. 50 Or future studies may reveal that the answer is even murkier (含糊不清的) than it now appears.A. Once inside, they try to find a host cell to infect.B. Until now, no clear explanation for their origin exists.C. Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers.D. There's pretty strong evidence that this is a bat origin coronavirus.E. However, there are three main hypotheses (假说) to explain the origin of viruses.F. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spread and take over.G. Bat is a flying mammal with a long lifespan, whose temperature is high, similar to a fever.2020平谷一模The World Water Day has been celebrated annually on 22 March since1992. Each year has a different theme, looking at things like the role of clean water in the world of work, ways to stop wasting water, finding ways to supply water to underprivileged groups and so on.46 But it is also vital for sanitation(卫生). It is estimated that more than 700 children under the age of seven die every day from illnesses linked to unsafe water and poor sanitation. The right to water and sanitation was recognized as a human right. 47 These include rural communities, people who have been displaced due to war and local conflicts and areas where climate change is making water more and more scarcer.Apart from the obvious health issues, a lack of accessible clean water means that people —often women and children — spend hours every day walking to and from distant water supplies.This means they don’ t have time to dedicate to work, studies and other domestic duties.48 And people who are not able to walk to get their own water are particularly vulnerable.There are many charities working on creating sustainable supplies of clean water for different communities around the world. 49 But the fundamental problem of increasing demand for a limited resource can only be addressed by more efficient use of water, especially in industry and agriculture. Waste-water recycling, capturing rainwater, more efficient irrigation techniques and reforestation are all examples of how water can be used more efficiently.50 We should support charities, raise awareness, take part in the World Water Day events that are happening all around the world and, of course, be careful with how we use water in our own lives. Visit the UN World Water Day website to find out about an event near us. Follow world water day on social media and help spread the word about this incredibly important issue.A. Clean drinking water is fundamental.B. As individuals, what can we do to help the issue?C. The search for water becomes their main occupation.D. This important work needs to continue and to expand.E. Every living cell in the body needs water to keep functioning.F. In normal conditions, the human body can only survive three or four days without water.G. However, there are still at least 2. 1 billion people around the world living without safe water.2020石景山一模How Smartphone Adds to Your WeightUsing a smartphone at mealtimes can lead to an expanding waistline. Researchers have found that men and women consumed 15% more calories when looking at their phones while eating. 467The groundbreaking study suggests that staring at a phone screen may distract (分心) dinners from how much food and what they are actually eating.“It may prevent the correct understanding of the brain over the amount of food ingested,” said researchers who filmed 62 volunteers eating alone.The volunteers, aged 18 to 28, were divided in to three groups and invited to help themselves to a choice of food—ranging from healthy options to soft drinks and chocolate—until they were satisfied.47 On average, the volunteers ate 535 calories without the distraction of a smartphone but 591 when using a mobile. Those in the sample who were classed as overweight ate 616 calories while using their phones. When in possession of their mobiles, the volunteers also consumed 10 percent more fatty foods. 48“Smartphone use during a meal increased calorie and fat intake,” said Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimoa, a lead author of the study—carried out at the Federal University of Lavras in Brazil and University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands. He added: “Tablets and smartphones have become the main ‘distracters’ during meals, even early in childhood. 49A distracter prevents the brain correctly understanding the amount of food a ccepted.”50 A more detailed analysis can be found in the journal.A. They also eat more fatty food.B. They also ate more when reading a magazine.C. Distracted or hurried eating can add to weight gain.D. The study is published in Physiology And Behavior.E. It is important to pay attention to how this may impact food intakes.F. Hunger isn’t the only thing that influences how much we eat during the day.G. They were recorded eating with no distractions, using a smartphone or reading a magazine.2020高三适应性考试An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from them. 46 There are three basic sub-types of interview: structured interviews, unstructured interviews and semi-structured interviews. 47 Incidentally, “respondent” and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of “interviewee”.A great deal is provided by this personal contact: you are another human being, and interviewees will respond to you, in bodily presence, in an entirely different way from the way that they would have reacted to questionnaires that came through their letterboxes or to emails. 48 Most people want to help and give their opinions, and they will usually be energized to help by your physical presence.If you take the trouble to schedule a visit, you can be more or less guaranteed of a response. Most importantly, though, you will be able to relate to interviewees while you are talking to them.49 Y ou will be able to watch their behaviour which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topic. Because of the primacy of the personal contact, your appearance and tone are important—how do you want to be seen? As “one of us”? As a person in authority? As an observer? …Or what?50 However you decide to present yourself, it is good practice of course to try to put the interviewee at ease before the interview begins—to talk about the weather, about your journey, about anything that will break the ice.8A.This is a ready-made support for you.B.Its nature varies with the nature of the interviews.C.You will be able to hear and understand what they are saying.D.Your decision should influence the way that you look, sound and behave.E.The information may be facts or opinions or attitudes or any combination of these.F.Each involves the interviewer in fact-to-face contact or telephone contact with another person.G.You will be using these clues to make informed guesses about what the interviewees might reallymean.9西城一模: 46.B 47．F 48．G 49．E 50．C海淀一模：46. D 47. A 48. G 49. B 50. F朝阳一模46．F47．C48．A49．G50．D丰台一模46. E47.G48. B49. A50. D延庆一模：46. E 47. G 48.B 49. F 50. C门头沟一模：46．B 47．F 48．C 49．E 50．A密云一模：46-50 FABEC平谷一模：46. A；47. G；48. C；49. D；50. B；石景山一模：46．A；47．G；48．B；49．E；50．D；高三英语适应性考试：46．E 47．F 48．A 49．C 50．D10。
2020年高考英语七选五模拟练习及答案(名师精选必考试题+详细解析，建议下载练习)1、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
In the digital age,copying someone else's words is easy,but getting caught copying is even easier. When Melania Trump recently spoke at the Republican convention, she used some of the same words that Michelle Obama had used at the Democratic convention in 2008. Within hours, news spread around the world with the claim that Melania Trump had plagiarized Michelle Obama's speech. Students and teachers at universities in the U. S.and elsewhere were shocked.①What is plagiarism?② That person could also be called a "literary thief' or a" plagiarist'.Why is plagiarism a serious problem?It's our own worst fear, to have that thing that we created stolen from us, and it's the same as our words. That thing that we created is essential to who we are.③ Academics are especially aware of the nature of plagiarism because their work is essentially the creation of ideas and putting them into words.④One of the possible punishments for' plagiarism at U. S.universities is dismissal from the school. Students may fail a course or be given a letter of censure(谴责)that stays on their school record, Professors or researchers who plagiarize may damage or end their careers.Plagiarism is easy to find[来源学科网]Before the digital age we live in, plagiarizing was harder. You had to write out the wordsyou copied. But now anything can be copied and pasted. In the past, teachers would have to work hard to prove that work was copied. ⑤ The plagiarism checking software programs used by many students and universities include Turnitin, Grammarly, Duplichecker, and Ithenticate. Nobody is going to get away with it.A. How to avoid plagiarismB. Consequences of plagiarismC. Stealing our words is as serious as if stealing our child.D. Nowadays,some software programs will help you avoid plagiarismE. Plagiarism is to copy someone else's written work without giving them credit.F. But nowadays, all you have to do is run a paper through a plagiarism detection software.G. They learn from their early years in school that copying another writers words is wrong.2、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
1 / 202019-2020学年度最新全国高考英语七选五专题练习及答案Word 版（附参考答案）一The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. __1__ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. 1．Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious. __2__ Ask kids, “ What ingredients (配料) can we add add to to to make make make these these these pancakes pancakes pancakes even even even better better better next next next time time ”and and then then then try try try them them them out. out. out. Did Did Did those those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time? 2．Creativity True True creativity creativity creativity is is the the ability ability ability to to to take take take something something something existing existing existing and and and create create create something something something new new new from from from it. it. __3__ There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity. 3．Interpersonal Skills Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what's going on inside our our own own own head, head, head, but but but what what what about about about others? others? others? Being Being Being able able able to to to read read read people people people helps helps helps kids kids kids from from from misreading misreading misreading a a situation and jumping to false conclusions. __4__ “Why do you think she's crying ？”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face ”“If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel ？”4．Self Expression __5__ There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas —music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another. A ．Encourage kids to cook with you. B ．And we can't forget science education. C ．We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. D ．So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don't yet exist? E ．Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill. F ．We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories. 文章大意：本文为一篇说明文。
三、七选五七选五根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Culture ShockCulture shock refers to the anxiety and feelings (of surprise, uncertainty, confusion, etc.) felt when people have to operate within a different and unknown cultural or social environment, such as a foreign country.Generally speaking, we could say that there are four stages of culture shock. The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place. 48．The next stage is “the hostility(敌意)stage”. In this stage, you begin to notice not everything is as good as you originally thought it was. 49．Moreover, people don’t treat you like a guest anymore.Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”. In this stage, you start to feel more positive. 50．The whole situation starts to become more favorable and you begin to learn to adapt yourself to it.The last stage of culture shock is called “adjustment”. In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good. 51．The things that originally made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. Now you have adjusted to the new culture and you feel comfortable.Not all individuals visiting another country will experience all these four stages.52．It also occurs within cultures as individuals move from place to place or from one setting to another (e.g., from high school to college).A. You feel that friends should help each other to deal with culture shock.B. And you try to develop comprehension of everything you don’t understand.C. In addition, culture shock is not limited to the overseas visitor.D. You become tired of many things about the new culture.E. You have learned enough to understand the new culture.F. You begin to understand you need to travel a lot.G. And everything seems to be marvelous and everybody seems to be so nice to you.【答案】试卷第1页，总26页48．G49．D50．B51．E52．C【解析】本文讲的是文化冲突。
2020届北京市第五中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Internet has revolutionized our lives to such an extent (程度) that for most people, the global network has become more than just a tool but rather an important aid in everyday life. More and more people go online as wireless networks have brought the Internet closer and closer: it’s on our mobile phones, in our cars and TV sets, in hospital surgery rooms and in fishing boats that battle the waves of the Atlantic.And this revolution has brought along with it a new way of shopping. Both big and small, e-business websites have flooded the Internet by the hundreds of thousands. Anything you can buy from a brick and mortar store (实体店) you can also buy online: from food and clothes to toys, no matter what you’re looking for, you’re bound to find the right online store with just a few clicks of the mouse. You can use the Internet to find new suppliers, post buying requests or search for products and services.This revolution has affected brick and mortar business owners greatly. And what was their reaction? They’ve opened online stores to go hand in hand with their conventional business.But do the big players have reasons to be afraid? Are we going to start seeing ghostly, deserted Walmarts (沃尔玛) across the country? Probably not in the near future but the day will come when most people will just stop shopping offline anymore. A trip to Walmart wastes time, burns gas.The recent advancements in mobile technology and the introduction of mobile phones with enhanced (提高的) web capabilities have even made some people order their groceries when they get out from work and have them delivered at their doorstep by the time they get home. And as “Time is money”, this practice is lifesaving for people whowork two jobs.Technology will continue to advance and e-business will follow closely in its footsteps. Everything will become easier and less time consuming, leaving us more time to enjoy the things that really matter in life: the ones we love, our friends and hobbies.1. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A. The popularity of mobile phones.B. The great influence of the Internet.C. The importance of the Internet.D. The function of the global network.2. In response to the threat of online business, the brick-and-mortar store owners________.A. have stopped their traditional businessB. have started their dislike of the InternetC. have established their own websiteD. have opened their online stores3. What would be the best title for the passage?A. A New Way of Shopping.B. The Internet Revolution.C. What is the Reaction to Online Shopping?D. Is Online Shopping the Future of E-business?BWhen I was a kid, my mom set aside some breakfast food for supper every nowand then. I remember one night after a long, hard day at work, my mom placed a plate of eggs, sausage, and a plate of extremely burnt biscuits on the table. I waited to see if my dad would get annoyed.All my dad did was to reach for the biscuits, smile at my mom and ask me how my day at school had been. I don't remember what I told him that night but I do remember watching him add butter and jelly on that ugly burnt biscuit and ate every bite of that thing. He never made a face nor uttered a word about it!When I rose from the table that evening, I remember hearing my mom apologize to my dad for overcooking the biscuits and I will never forget what he said, “Honey, I love burnt biscuits every now and then."Later that night, I went to say good night to my daddy, and I wondered if he really liked his biscuits burnt. He wrapped me up in his arms and said gently, "Your mom put in a hard day at work today and she is really tired. Besides, a little burnt biscuit never hurt anyone!As I have grown older, I've thought about that many times. Life is full of imperfect things and imperfect people. Learning to accept each other's faults and choosing to celebrate each other's differences contribute to a healthy, growing, and lasting relationship. We could extend this philosophy to any relationship, such as a husband-wife, parent-child, or friendship. Don't put the key to your happiness in someone else's pocket. Keep it in your own. So, please pass me a biscuit, and yes, the burnt one will do just fine.4. How did the author's dad react to the burnt biscuit?A. He set it aside for breakfast.B. He ate butter and jelly instead.C. He uttered his complaints loudly.D. He ate it up as if nothing happened.5. Which of the following words can best describe the author's dad?A. Caring.B. Determined.C. ProudD. Hardworking.6. What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph?A. Show understanding to imperfect things.B. Ask the children to respect their parents.C. Enjoy the over-cooked biscuits willingly.D. Make important decisions on your own.7. In which section of a magazine may this passage appear?A. History and culture.B. Family and relationship.C. Cuisine and health.D. Entertainment and sports.CIf you ever find yourself trapped in the wilderness without food, you'llhave to figure out how to feed yourself. Many plants in the wild areedible, but many are also poisonous. So it is necessary to learn how to determine whether the plants you find can be eaten safely.Avoid using this method without careful planning. Some plants can be deadly, and even if you follow these guidelines perfectly, there is always a chance that a plant will make you seriously ill. Prepare yourself for wilderness outings by learning about the local plants, and carry a guidebook to help you identify plants. Even if you are unprepared and cannot find food you know to be safe, remember that, depending on your activity level, the human body can go for days without food, and you’re better off being hungry than being poisoned.Testing the plant in your mouth is dangerous, so go forward very slowly and carefully. First, hold a small portion of the prepared plant part against your lip for 3 minutes. Do not put the plant in your mouth. If you notice any burning, tingling (刺痛), or other reactions, discontinue testing. Second, place another small portion of the plant part on your tongue. Hold the plant on your tongue without chewing for 15 minutes. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Third, chew the plant and holdit in your mouth for 15 minutes. Chew the plant well, and do not swallow. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Fourth, swallow the small portion of the plant. Wait 8 hours. Do not eat or drink anything during this period except purified water. If you feel sick, immediately throw up what you eat and drink plenty of water. If activated charcoal (活性炭) is available, take that with the water.8. What’s the meaning of the underlined world “edible” in paragraph 1?A. Suitable for using as food.B. Widely spread.C. Existing in large quantities.D. Not widely known.9. What can we know from paragraph 2?A. Planning is unnecessary when using the method.B. Not all plants in the wild can serve as food generally.C. Suffering hunger can be more dangerous than testing plants.D. Following the method perfectly can ensure safety.10. Which is the correct order of testing plants in the mouth?① wait and see ② chew it in the mouth③ put it on the tongue④ put it against lips ⑤ swallow itA. ③④②①⑤B. ④③②①⑤C. ③④②⑤①D.④③②⑤①11. Where might the passage come from?A. A student’s diary.B. A science report.C. A guide book for camping.D. A doctor’ s notebook.DAvi Loeb, a scientist, believes that we are not alone in the universe. The belief fits withLoeb's alien spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.Astronomers inHawaiifound the first known interstellar object in late 2017. It was a bit of light moving so fast past the sun that it could only have come from another star. Almost every astronomer on the planet was trying to figure out how the object, called “Oumuamua” got to our far-away part of the Milky way galaxy. “One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris from an advanced technological equipment,” Loeb said. “Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door. ”“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship,” Paul Sutter, another scientist wrote. He suggested Loeb was seeking publicity. Most scientists think “Oumuamua” is some sort of rock. They think it could be an icy wandering comet.Loeb says that “Oumuamua's” behavior means it can't be a block of rock shaped like a long photo. He thinks it's more likely an object that's very long and thin, perhaps like a long pancake or a ship's sail. Loeb says that ifsomeone shows him evidence thatcontradictshis beliefs, he will immediately give in.Loeb believes himself a truth-teller and risk-taker in an age of very safe, too-quiet scientists. “The worst thing that can happen to me is that I would be relieved of my management duties, and that would give me even more time to focus on science,” Loeb says. He said he wouldn't mind giving up all the titles he had and returning to the Israeli farming village where he grew up.12. What does Loeb say about “Oumuamua”?A. It is an icy comet.B. It looks like a long photo.C. It is actually some sort of rock.D. It may come from another alien civilization.13. What does the underlined word “contradicts” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Goes against.B. Relies on.C. Turns to.D. Searches for.14. What do you think of Loeb?A. He is foolish.B. He is unsatisfied with his titles.C. He is a firm believer in scientific truth.D. He is uncertain about his career future.15. What's the best title for the text?A. Have Aliens Paid a Visit in Spaceships?B. Do We Really Know about Space Theory?C. Scientists Are Working on High TechnologyD. Astronomers Are Encouraging Space Travel第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
做题五大原则：话题一致，代词指代，名词复现，总分结构，前后逻辑。
2020西城一模Fashion and IdentityFor hundreds of years people have put some message in the type of clothing they wore. Long ago people started wanting to stand out from the “crowd” and be different from other people by means of changing their clothing. Some examples of these “standing out” became very popular and were followed by more people. 46 Nowadays, fashion has become a necessary part of one’s self-realization and clothing is basically a covering designed to be worn on a person’s body. This covering is a “necessity”, which brings a lot of variety into the lives of people and makes their image more complete.By means of 以。
方式covering 覆盖物The type of clothing completely depends on the person wearing it and becomes a reflection of personal identity. Lately, a lot is being heard about its meaning in the life of every single person on the planet. The choice of clothing is as important as identification through the color of hair, skin and gender. As every piece of clothing carries a strong message about its owner, every owner “nests” a certain value in it depending on his mindset or today’s mood. Therefore, the clothing of a person is a means of communication with the outside world. 47Nest 嵌套，拥有For exampleClothes have a significant impact on the understanding of the people nearby as well as the person wearing them. For instance, a suit can make a person feel more confident and organized, which would eventually change even the gestures of the person. 48 Sometimes, fashion may play a vital role in a person’s life, especially when the person is applying for the job he wants. Fashion also creates a message that is required by a situation the person finds himself in. This can be simply proved by analyzing one’s reaction on people wearing different types of clothing. 49 Thus, even the smallest companies make wearing a suit one of the requirements for their employees.50 Fashion, with all its symbolism and features, form an outstanding base for personal and cultural identification. It is a part of the self-realization that is required for finding a place in life and has become a tool for achieving harmony with the inner world. The more diverse the society around us, the more fashion-trend will appear and surprise us.Separate A from B inseparableA.Fashion helps us realize our dreams. 时尚助我们实现梦想B.This was the moment when fashion appeared. 这是时尚出现的时候C.Fashion and identity are inseparable companions. 时尚和身份是不可以分割的伴侣D.Clothing was designed to serve people in their daily life.衣服是用来服务人的E.The preference is always given to people dressed in “business style”.人们喜欢穿商务风格的衣服F.It is the way of telling people about the “state” and the “status” of its owner.通过过穿着得知主人的状态和身份G.Wearing jeans after a suit may change the conduct of a person to a very casual one.穿牛仔改变了人的行为到一种自由形式西城一模: 46.B 47．F 48．G 49．E 50．C2020海淀一模Is there a link between social media and depression? Do social media have a negative impact on your mental health? Ifs complicated.In a recent study, the investigators compared social media use and depression between teens.46 Specifically, for every hour per day that one teen spent on social media more than her peers, she likely had a0.64-point higher depression score.A different study published in 2018 identified five distinct types of social media users. The finding was that "problematic social media use" was one of the main themes f o r people whose mental health was affected by social media. You can have alcohol in your life without it being a problem, or your alcohol use may become problematic. 47There's one important thing to remember about survey research because two things happen together, it's not necessarily true that one causes the other. 48 For all we know, it could be that people who are already more depressed choose to spend more time on social media.49 If you think that we shouldn't paint social media with one broad brush, you're on the right track. On the one hand, participants often described social media as a valuable way to cope with stress. On the other hand, cyberbullying via social media was also a common experience for participants. Some also said that constantly checking their own social media profile was stressful.Ifs certainly possible that experiences like cyberbullying, comparing yourself to idealized images, and constantly monitoring your profile, are bad f o r your mood. It's also true for many that social media offer community support and positive messages. Given the inconclusive research, it's safe to say that at least we shouldn't write off social media altogether. 50 Anyway, you cannot use it as a crutch f o r coping with other stressors and mental health problems.A.It's the same with social media.B.Social media can be a double-edged sword.C.People get more opinionated about the potential problems of social media.D.They found that those who used social media more had higher depression scores.E.They reviewed all existing research and found that there were both benefits and drawbacks.F.The key to benefiting from social media may lie in using it in moderation and staying socially connected.G.For example, just because higher social media use co-occurs with higher levels of depression doesn't mean social media use causes depression.答案：46. D 47. A 48. G 49. B 50. F2020朝阳一模What Your Nose KnowsY our sense of smell enriches your experience of the world around you. Different scents can change your mood or transport you back to a distant memory. Y our ability to smell also plays a key role in your health. 46The things we smell are actually the tiny molecules(分子) released by substances all around us. When we breathe in these molecules, they stimulate specialized sensory cells high inside the nose. 47 But a given molecule can stimulate a combination of these receptors, creating a unique representation in the brain. W e perceive that representation as a smell.48 A stuffy(不通气的) nose or a harmless growth in the nose can block air and thus scents from reaching the sensory cells. Certain medications, like some blood pressure pills, can change smell, but these effects are usually temporary. Y our smell should come back once you’ve recovered or stopped the medication. But some things can causea long-lasting loss of smell. A head injury or virus, for example, can sometimes damage the nerves related to smell.49 According to Dr. Davangere Devanand, an expert on neurodegenerative(神经变性的) diseases and smell loss, the main reason appears to be that the functioning of the brain regions involved in smell and memory becomes damaged as we grow older.But problems with your ability to smell may be more than normal aging. They can sometimes be an early sign of serious health conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease. Devanand’s group is studying the relationships between smell dysfunction and certain disease.Researchers are also looking for ways to avoid smell loss. Some studies suggest that smell training may help you improve your ability to distinguish and identify scents. 50 But the question remains as to whether and how this might work.A. Many things can cause smell loss.B. People may have lost their ability to smell before they notice it.C. Each of these sensory cells has only one type of scent receptor.D. It may improve your brain’s ability to interpret low levels of scents.E. As people get older, many of them couldn’t identify certain kind of smell.F. If your ability to smell declines, it can affect your physical well-being and everyday safety.G. And with age, there is a decline in the ability to smell to some extent in the nose, but much more in the brain itself.46．F47．C48．A49．G50．D2020丰台一模For serious birders who regularly observe birds in the wild, ignoring climate change isn’t possible. We have been seeing and documenting the effects of a warming climate since at least the 1950s.46 Glossy black great-tailed grackles (美洲黑羽椋鸟), for example, previously found primarily in the tropics (热带), first reached southeastern California in 1964. They are now found throughout most of the state.New research from the National Audubon Society highlights the dangers of the trend. For its new report, “Survival by Degrees,” Audubon scientists analyzed the current geographic ranges of 604 North American bird species, and modeled how those ranges would change at different levels of warming. At a global temperature rise of three degrees Celsius, they found that 389 of those species—or nearlytwo-thirds of those studied—would become endangered, losing much of their current habitat. 47 Why does this matter to anyone who’s not a bird watcher? For one thing, birds play a crucial role in the ecology, keeping down insect populations and serving as food themselves for larger predators (食肉动物). 48 Their shifting ranges warn of increasing droughts, floods, fires, rising seas and unlivable cities.49 Audubon scientists modeled what would happen at lesser levels of warming, and the results are striking. Limiting warming to 1.5 degrees would reduce the danger for three-quarters of those threatened birds. Audubon’s report “Survival by Degrees” is not a depressing forecast but rather a call to action. It stresses the need for action at every level, by individuals and governments alike, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.As a lifelong birder, I’m proud of the role my tribe has played in documenting the effects of climate change. When local conditions change, particular types of frogs or wildflowers may decrease and disappear, few will notice. 50 I hope people can pay close attention to the urgent message in this new report and work together for solutions. Birds tell us we don’t have time to wait.A. We still have time to do something about it, however.B. But they also serve as a visible symbol of broader environmental shifts.C. This would greatly benefit humans, reducing the potential suffering for people.D. But when a bird species disappears, we dedicated birders document the change.E. In recent decades, that has meant a consistent northward shift in where species are found.F. The changes will make birding exciting, with birders finding new species in unexpected places.G. Even if some could shift their range northward, they would soon start to run out of room on the map.46. E47.G48. B49. A50. D2020延庆一模Where do you think the world’s happiest people live? Somewhere hot with sandy beaches? A country with a tradition of the fine food and culture? Not according to a recent study by the university of Leicester. Who are the happiest people on Earth? 46 Surprised? Well you’ll be more surprised when you hear that the Danes pay some of the highest taxes in the world. So what is the secret of their success?Let’s start with all that tax they pay. The Danish government provides its people with one of the finest education and health systems in the world. It spends more on children and elderly people per capital(人均) than other country. .47 Because a shop assistant’s final salary is not that much less than someone who works in a bank, for example, Danes don’t choose their careers based on money or status as people in other countries do. They choose the job they want to do. There’s a philosophy in Denmark known as “Jante-lov”, which translates as “you’re no better than anybody else.” 48 But workers in other countries are not used to looking at life in this way.Money doesn’t seem as important in Denmark. It has been called a “post consumerist” society.49 What is more important is the sense of society and it’s no surprise that Danes are very used to socializing. 92% of Danes belong to some kind of social club and these clubs are even paid for by the government.50 They also show an amazing amount of trust in each other and their government. You can see sighs of this all over the country. You’ll find vegetable stalls with no assistant. You take what you want and leave the money in a basket. perhaps the bike is a good symbol for Denmark. The Danes can afford cars but they choose bikes—simple, economical, non-polluting machines that show no status and help keep people fit.A. In a list ranking countries by the happiness of their citizens, it put tropical Fiji 50 places below freezing Iceland.B. The street sweeper can hold his head up high as he proudly does his job.C. Danish people aren’t as suspicious as many other nations.D. Most Danes are used to seeing between 50-70% of their salary going to the government.E. Those 5.5 million people who call Denmark their home.F. People have nice things in their houses, but they’re not mad about shopping and spending.G. And there’s another advantage to those high taxes.延庆一模：46. E 47. G 48.B 49. F 50. C2020门头沟一模How to Automate New Habits So That You’ll Keep to Them5Anyone who’s tried to add something new to their routine knows one thing: Building new habits isn’t easy. 46The good news: There’s a solution, and it’s called automation. 47 For example: If you want to save more but it seems difficult to achieve, try transferring five dollars to your savings account each time you buy lunch during the week. If you want to do more sports but aren’t motivated to go to the gym every day, try doing 5 pushups after each time you use the restroom.That sounds easy. 48 “Automation works well in developing new behavior patterns because it involves the use of positive reinforcement(强化), which is one of the most powerful tools for behavior change,” Kahina Louis, a psychologist, tells Shine.“As you’re engaging in gradual steps toward your goals, you may quickly start to experience feelings of accomplishment and pride that you’re making the changes you wanted to make,” she says. “Those positive feelings are forms of reinforcement, and you are more likely to continue doing things that reinforce you.”Along with its positive reinforcement, automation emphasizes the impact of small changes in making a big difference. Though we all love the major successes, the small changes along the way are what get us there in the first step. 49 “As you show yourself each small change you’ve made, you’re giving yourself the message that you are capable of accomplishment,” Louis says. “That feeling and self-belief are extremely helpful to have as you continue toward creating new behavior change.”50 Take a look at what things you keep doing throughout the day or course of the week to decide when to add new automation. Louis says, “For example: If you know that you’re always extremely tired after work, then you might consider picking an auto habit that occurs in your morning routine rather than in the evening.”Louis also explains that although you should pick a behavior that occurs frequently enough to maximize the opportunities to build towards your goal, try not to choose an already existing behavior that occurs too often—like checking your phone or drinking of water. “You might not even realize you’re doing it, and may then miss a lot of chances to perform the new habit,” she says.A. Find your auto habits.B. It takes time and insistence.C. But it turns out to be efficient while trying.D. Consider auto habits that occur at times or places.E. It’s the small steps that fuel your motivation and self-belief.F. It is when you add what you’d like to be your new habit onto an existing habit.G. Building a new habit requires strong mind to help the process go along smoothly.门头沟一模：46．B 47．F 48．C 49．E 50．A2020密云一模6Mystery of EvolutionFollowing the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP), also named COVID-19 by WHO, there is a general fear of the unknown virus as its full effects remain to be seen. Fever, coughing, sore throat, difficulty breathing-the NCP's symptoms are similar to the common cold or the flu. but it's potentially more dangerous.Viruses could be deadly, like HIV and Ebola (埃博拉) . But what are viruses? How can they cause so much trouble? Viruses are non-living organisms (有机体) approximately one-millionth of an inch long. Unlike human cells or bacteria, they can't reproduce on their own. 46 Viruses can infect every living thing-from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria. For this reason, they always have the potential to be dangerous to human life. Sometimes a virus can cause a disease so serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections cause no noticeable reaction. Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They can enter our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin. 47 For example, HIV, which causes AIDS. attacks the T-cells of the immune system.But the basic question is, where did viruses first come from? 48 "Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult. " Ed Rybicki, a virologist at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, "because viruses don't leave fossils (化石) and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells they've invaded."49 First, viruses started as independent organisms, then became parasites (寄生者) . Second. viruses evolved from pieces of DNA or RNA that "escaped" from larger organisms. Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells.For the time being, these are only theories. The technology and evidence we have today cannot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation. 50 Or future studies may reveal that the answer is even murkier (含糊不清的) than it now appears.A. Once inside, they try to find a host cell to infect.B. Until now, no clear explanation for their origin exists.C. Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers.D. There's pretty strong evidence that this is a bat origin coronavirus.E. However, there are three main hypotheses (假说) to explain the origin of viruses.F. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spread and take over.G. Bat is a flying mammal with a long lifespan, whose temperature is high, similar to a fever.密云一模：46-50 FABEC2020平谷一模The World Water Day has been celebrated annually on 22 March since1992. Each year has a different theme, looking at things like the role of clean water in the world of work, ways to stop wasting water, finding ways to supply water to underprivileged groups and so on.46 But it is also vital for sanitation(卫生). It is estimated that more than 700 children under the age of seven die every day from illnesses linked to unsafe water and poor sanitation. The right to water and sanitation was recognized as a human right. 47 These include rural communities, people who have been displaced due to war and local conflicts and areas where climate change is making water more and more scarcer.Apart from the obvious health issues, a lack of accessible clean water means that people —often women and children — spend hours every day walking to and from distant water supplies.This means they don’ t have time to dedicate to work, studies and other domestic duties.48 And people who are not able to walk to get their own water are particularly vulnerable.There are many charities working on creating sustainable supplies of clean water for different communities around the world. 49 But the fundamental problem of increasing demand for a limited resource can only be addressed by more efficient use of water, especially in industry and agriculture. Waste-water recycling, capturing rainwater, more efficient irrigation techniques and reforestation are all examples of how water can be used more efficiently.50 We should support charities, raise awareness, take part in the World Water Day7events that are happening all around the world and, of course, be careful with how we use water in our own lives. Visit the UN World Water Day website to find out about an event near us. Follow world water day on social media and help spread the word about this incredibly important issue.A. Clean drinking water is fundamental.B. As individuals, what can we do to help the issue?C. The search for water becomes their main occupation.D. This important work needs to continue and to expand.E. Every living cell in the body needs water to keep functioning.F. In normal conditions, the human body can only survive three or four days without water.G. However, there are still at least 2. 1 billion people around the world living without safe water.平谷一模：46. A；47. G；48. C；49. D；50. B；2020石景山一模How Smartphone Adds to Your WeightUsing a smartphone at mealtimes can lead to an expanding waistline. Researchers have found that men and women consumed 15% more calories when looking at their phones while eating. 46 The groundbreaking study suggests that staring at a phone screen may distract (分心) dinners from how much food and what they are actually eating.“It may prevent the correct understanding of the brain over the amount of food ingested,” said researchers who filmed 62 volunteers eating alone.The volunteers, aged 18 to 28, were divided in to three groups and invited to help themselves to a choice of food—ranging from healthy options to soft drinks and chocolate—until they were satisfied.47 On average, the volunteers ate 535 calories without the distraction of a smartphone but 591 when using a mobile.Those in the sample who were classed as overweight ate 616 calories while using their phones. When in possession of their mobiles, the volunteers also consumed 10 percent more fatty foods. 48“Smartphone use during a meal increased calorie and fat intake,” said Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimoa, a lead author of the study—carried out at the Federal University of Lavras in Brazil and University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands.He added: “Tablets and smartphones have become the main ‘distracters’ during meals, even early in childho od. 49A distracter prevents the brain correctly understanding the amount of food a ccepted.”50 A more detailed analysis can be found in the journal.A. They also eat more fatty food.B. They also ate more when reading a magazine.C. Distracted or hurried eating can add to weight gain.D. The study is published in Physiology And Behavior.E. It is important to pay attention to how this may impact food intakes.F. Hunger isn’t the only thing that influences how much we eat during the day.G. They were recorded eating with no distractions, using a smartphone or reading a magazine.石景山一模：46．A；47．G；48．B；49．E；50．D；2020高三英语适应性考试An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from them. 46 There are three basic sub-types of interview: structured interviews, unstructured interviews and semi-structured interviews. 47 Incidentally, “respondent” and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of “interviewee”.8A great deal is provided by this personal contact: you are another human being, and interviewees will respond to you, in bodily presence, in an entirely different way from the way that they would have reacted to questionnaires that came through their letterboxes or to emails. 48 Most people want to help and give their opinions, and they will usually be energized to help by your physical presence.If you take the trouble to schedule a visit, you can be more or less guaranteed of a response. Most importantly, though, you will be able to relate to interviewees while you are talking to them.49 Y ou will be able to watch their behaviour which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topic. Because of the primacy of the personal contact, your appearance and tone are important—how do you want to be seen? As “one of us”? As a person in authority? As an observer? …Or what?50 However you decide to present yourself, it is good practice of course to try to put the interviewee at ease before the interview begins—to talk about the weather, about your journey, about anything that will break the ice.A.This is a ready-made support for you.B.Its nature varies with the nature of the interviews.C.You will be able to hear and understand what they are saying.D.Your decision should influence the way that you look, sound and behave.E.The information may be facts or opinions or attitudes or any combination of these.F.Each involves the interviewer in fact-to-face contact or telephone contact with another person.G.You will be using these clues to make informed guesses about what the interviewees mightreally mean.高三英语适应性考试：46．E 47．F 48．A 49．C 50．D910西城一模: 46.B 47．F 48．G 49．E 50．C延庆一模：46. E 47. G 48.B 49. F 50. C门头沟一模：46．B 47．F 48．C 49．E 50．A密云一模：46-50 FABEC平谷一模：46. A；47. G；48. C；49. D；50. B；石景山一模：46．A；47．G；48．B；49．E；50．D；高三英语适应性考试：46．E 47．F 48．A 49．C 50．D1146．B 47．F 48．G 49．E 50．C2020延庆一模Where do you think the world’s happiest people live? Somewhere hot with sandy beaches? A country with a tradition of the fine food and culture? Not according to a recent study by the university of Leicester. Who are the happiest people on Earth? 46 Surprised? Well you’ll be more surprised when you hear that the Danes pay some of the highest taxes in the world. So what is the secret of their success?Let’s start with all that tax they pay. The Danish government provides its people with one of the finest education and health systems in the world. It spends more on children and elderly people per capital(人均) than other country. .47 Because a shop assistant’s final salary is not that much less than someone who works in a bank, for example, Danes don’t choose their careers based on money or status as people in other countries do. They choose the job they want to do. There’s a philosophy in Denmark known as “Jante-lov”, which translates as “you’re no better than anybody else.” 48 But workers in other countries are not used to looking at life in this way.Money doesn’t seem as important in Denmark. It has been called a “post consumerist” society.49 What is more important is the sense of society and it’s no surprise that Danes are very used to socializing. 92% of Danes belong to some kind of social club and these clubs are even paid for by the government.50 They also show an amazing amount of trust in each other and their government. You can see sighs of this all over the country. You’ll find vegetable stalls with no assistant. You take what you want and leave the money in a basket. perhaps the bike is a good symbol for Denmark. The Danes can afford cars but they choose bikes—simple, economical, non-polluting machines that show no status and help keep people fit.A. In a list ranking countries by the happiness of their citizens, it put tropical Fiji 50 places below freezing Iceland.B. The street sweeper can hold his head up high as he proudly does his job.C. Danish people aren’t as suspicious as many other nations.D. Most Danes are used to seeing between 50-70% of their salary going to the government!E. Those 5.5 million people who call Denmark their home.F. People have nice things in their houses, but they’re not mad about shopping and spending.G. And there’s another advantage to those high taxes.46. E 47. G 48.B 49. F 50. C2020门头沟一模How to Automate New Habits So That You’ll Keep to ThemAnyone who’s tried to add something new to their routine knows one thing: Building new habits12isn’t easy. 46The good news: There’s a solution, and it’s called automation. 47 For example: If you want to save more but it seems difficult to achieve, try transferring five dollars to your savings account each time you buy lunch during the week. If you want to do more sports but aren’t motivated to go to the gym every day, try doing 5 pushups after each time you use the restroom.That sounds easy. 48 “Automation works well in developing new behavior patterns because it involves the use of positive reinforcement(强化), which is one of the most powerful tools for behavior change,” Kahina Louis, a psychologist, tells Shine.“As you’re engaging in gradual steps toward your goals, you may quickly start to experience feelings of accomplishment and pride that you’re making the changes you wanted to make,” she says. “Those positive feelings are forms of reinforcement, and you are more likely to continue doing things that reinforce you.”Along with its positive reinforcement, automation emphasizes the impact of small changes in making a big difference. Though we all love the major successes, the small changes along the way are what get us there in the first step. 49 “As you show yourself each small change you’ve made, you’re giving yourself the message that you are capable of accomplishment,” Louis says. “That feeling and self-belief are extremely helpful to have as you continue toward creating new behavior change.”50 Take a look at what things you keep doing throughout the day or course of the week to decide when to add new automation. Louis says, “For example: If you know that you’re always extremely tired after work, then you might consider picking an auto habit that occurs in your morning routine rather than in the evening.”Louis also explains that although you should pick a behavior that occurs frequently enough to maximize the opportunities to build towards your goal, try not to choose an already existing behavior that occurs too often—like checking your phone or drinking of water. “You might not even realize you’re doing it, and may then miss a lot of chances to perform the new habit,” she says.A. Find your auto habits.B. It takes time and insistence.C. But it turns out to be efficient while trying.D. Consider auto habits that occur at times or places.E. It’s the small steps that fuel your motivation and self-belief.F. It is when you add what you’d like to be your new habit onto an existing habit.G. Building a new habit requires strong mind to help the process go along smoothly.46．B 47．F 48．C 49．E 50．A2020高三适应性考试13。
做题五大原则：话题一致，代词指代，名词复现，总分结构，前后逻辑。
2020西城一模Fashion and IdentityFor hundreds of years people have put some message in the type of clothing they wore. Long ago people started wanting to stand out from the “crowd” and be different from other people by means of changing their clothing. Some examples of these “standing out” became very popular and were followed by more people. 46 Nowadays, fashion has become a necessary part of one’s self-realization and clothing is basically a covering designed to be worn on a person’s body. This covering is a “necessity”, which brings a lot of variety into the lives of people and makes their image more complete.By means of 以。
方式covering 覆盖物The type of clothing completely depends on the person wearing it and becomes a reflection of personal identity. Lately, a lot is being heard about its meaning in the life of every single person on the planet. The choice of clothing is as important as identification through the color of hair, skin and gender. As every piece of clothing carries a strong message about its owner, every owner “nests” a certain value in it depending on his mindset or today’s mood. Therefore, the clothing of a person is a means of communication with the outside world. 47Nest 嵌套，拥有For exampleClothes have a significant impact on the understanding of the people nearby as well as the person wearing them. For instance, a suit can make a person feel more confident and organized, which would eventually change even the gestures of the person. 48 Sometimes, fashion may play a vital role in a person’s life, especially when the person is applying for the job he wants. Fashion also creates a message that is required by a situation the person finds himself in. This can be simply proved by analyzing one’s reaction on people wearing different types of clothing. 49 Thus, even the smallest companies make wearing a suit one of the requirements for their employees.50 Fashion, with all its symbolism and features, form an outstanding base for personal and cultural identification. It is a part of the self-realization that is required for finding a place in life and has become a tool for achieving harmony with the inner world. The more diverse the society around us, the more fashion-trend will appear and surprise us.Separate A from B inseparableA.Fashion helps us realize our dreams. 时尚助我们实现梦想B.This was the moment when fashion appeared. 这是时尚出现的时候C.Fashion and identity are inseparable companions. 时尚和身份是不可以分割的伴侣D.Clothing was designed to serve people in their daily life.衣服是用来服务人的E.The preference is always given to people dressed in “business style”.人们喜欢穿商务风格的衣服F.It is the way of telling people about the “state” and the “status” of its owner.通过过穿着得知主人的状态和身份G.Wearing jeans after a suit may change the conduct of a person to a very casual one.穿牛仔改变了人的行为到一种自由形式西城一模: 46.B 47．F 48．G 49．E 50．C2020延庆一模Where do you think the world’s happiest people live? Somewhere hot with sandy beaches? A country with a tradition of the fine food and culture? Not according to a recent study by the university of Leicester. Who are the happiest people on Earth? 46 Surprised? Well you’ll be more surprised when you hear that the Danes pay some of the highest taxes in the world. So what is the secret of their success?Let’s start with all that tax they pay. The Danish government provides its people with one of the finest education and health systems in the world. It spends more on children and elderly people per capital(人均) than other country. .47 Because a shop assistant’s final salary is not that much less than someone who works in a bank, for example, Danes don’t choose their careers based on money or status as people in other countries do. They choose the job they want to do. There’s a philosophy in Denmark known as “Jante-lov”, which translates as “you’re no better than anybody else.” 48 But workers in other countries are not used to looking at life in this way.Money doesn’t seem as important in Denmark. It has been called a “post consumerist” society.49 What is more important is the sense of society and it’s no surprise that Danes are very used to socializing. 92% of Danes belong to some kind of social club and these clubs are even paid for by the government.50 They also show an amazing amount of trust in each other and their government. You can see sighs of this all over the country. You’ll find vegetable stalls with no assistant. You take what you want and leave the money in a basket. perhaps the bike is a good symbol for Denmark. The Danes can afford cars but they choose bikes—simple, economical, non-polluting machines that show no status and help keep people fit.A. In a list ranking countries by the happiness of their citizens, it put tropical Fiji 50 places below freezing Iceland.B. The street sweeper can hold his head up high as he proudly does his job.C. Danish people aren’t as suspicious as many other nations.D. Most Danes are used to seeing between 50-70% of their salary going to the government!E. Those 5.5 million people who call Denmark their home.F. People have nice things in their houses, but they’re not mad about shopping and spending.G. And there’s another advantage to those high taxes.延庆一模：46. E 47. G 48.B 49. F 50. C2020门头沟一模How to Automate New Habits So That You’ll Keep to ThemAnyone who’s tried to add something new to their routine knows one thing: Building new habits isn’t easy. 46The good news: There’s a solution, and it’s called automation. 47 For example: If you want to save more but it seems difficult to achieve, try transferring five dollars to your savings account each time you buy lunch during the week. If you want to do more sports but aren’t motivated to go to the gym every day, try doing 5 pushups after each time you use the restroom.That sounds easy. 48 “Automation works well in developing new behavior patterns because it involves the use of positive reinforcement(强化), which is one of the most powerful tools for behavior change,” Kahina Louis, a psychologist, tells Shine.“As you’re engaging in gradual steps toward your goals, you may quickly start to experience feelings of accomplishment and pride that you’re making the changes you wanted to make,” she says. “Those positive feelings are forms of reinforcement, and you are more likely to continue doing things that reinforce you.”Along with its positive reinforcement, automation emphasizes the impact of small changes in making a big difference. Though we all love the major successes, the small changes along the way are what get us there in the first step. 49 “As you show yourself each small change you’ve made, you’re giving yourself the message that you are capable of accomplishment,” Louis says. “That feeling and self-belief are extremely helpful to have as you continue toward creating new behavior change.”50 Take a look at what things you keep doing throughout the day or course of the week to decide when to add new automation. Louis says, “For example: If you know that you’re always extremely tired after work, then you might consider picking an auto habit that occurs in your morning routine rather than in the evening.”Louis also explains that although you should pick a behavior that occurs frequently enough to maximize the opportunities to build towards your goal, try not to choose an already existing behavior that occurs too often—like checking your phone or drinking of water. “You might not even realize you’re doing it, and may then miss a lot of chances to perform the new habit,” she says.A. Find your auto habits.B. It takes time and insistence.C. But it turns out to be efficient while trying.D. Consider auto habits that occur at times or places.E. It’s the small steps that fuel your motivation and self-belief.F. It is when you add what you’d like to be your new habit onto an existing habit.G. Building a new habit requires strong mind to help the process go along smoothly.门头沟一模：46．B 47．F 48．C 49．E 50．A2020密云一模Mystery of EvolutionFollowing the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP), also named COVID-19 by WHO, there is a general fear of the unknown virus as its full effects remain to be seen. Fever, coughing, sore throat, difficulty breathing-the NCP's symptoms are similar to the common cold or the flu. but it's potentially more dangerous.Viruses could be deadly, like HIV and Ebola (埃博拉) . But what are viruses? How can they cause so much trouble? Viruses are non-living organisms (有机体) approximately one-millionth of an inch long. Unlike human cells or bacteria, they can't reproduce on their own. 46 Viruses can infect every living thing-from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria. For this reason, they always have the potential to be dangerous to human life. Sometimes a virus can cause a disease so serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections cause no noticeable reaction. Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They can eater our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin. 47 For example, HIV, which causes AIDS. attacks the T-cells of the immune system.But the basic question is, where did viruses first come from? 48 "Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult. " Ed Rybicki, a virologist at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, "because viruses don't leave fossils (化石) and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells they've invaded."49 First, viruses started as independent organisms, then became parasites (寄生者) . Second. viruses evolved from pieces of DNA or RNA that "escaped" from larger organisms. Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells.For the time being, these are only theories. The technology and evidence we have today cannot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation. 50 Or future studies may reveal that the answer is even murkier (含糊不清的) than it now appears.A. Once inside, they try to find a host cell to infect.B. Until now, no clear explanation for their origin exists.C. Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers.D. There's pretty strong evidence that this is a bat origin coronavirus.E. However, there are three main hypotheses (假说) to explain the origin of viruses.F. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spread and take over.G. Bat is a flying mammal with a long lifespan, whose temperature is high, similar to a fever.密云一模：46-50 FABEC2020平谷一模The World Water Day has been celebrated annually on 22 March since1992. Each year has a different theme, looking at things like the role of clean water in the world of work, ways to stop wasting water, finding ways to supply water to underprivileged groups and so on.46 But it is also vital for sanitation(卫生). It is estimated that more than 700 children under the age of seven die every day from illnesses linked to unsafe water and poor sanitation. The right to water and sanitation was recognized as a human right. 47 These include rural communities, people who have been displaced due to war and local conflicts and areas where climatechange is making water more and more scarcer.Apart from the obvious health issues, a lack of accessible clean water means that people —often women and children — spend hours every day walking to and from distant water supplies.This means they don’ t have time to dedicate to work, studies and other domestic duties.48 And people who are not able to walk to get their own water are particularly vulnerable.There are many charities working on creating sustainable supplies of clean water for different communities around the world. 49 But the fundamental problem of increasing demand for a limited resource can only be addressed by more efficient use of water, especially in industry and agriculture. Waste-water recycling, capturing rainwater, more efficient irrigation techniques and reforestation are all examples of how water can be used more efficiently.50 We should support charities, raise awareness, take part in the World Water Day events that are happening all around the world and, of course, be careful with how we use water in our own lives. Visit the UN World Water Day website to find out about an event near us. Follow world water day on social media and help spread the word about this incredibly important issue.A. Clean drinking water is fundamental.B. As individuals, what can we do to help the issue?C. The search for water becomes their main occupation.D. This important work needs to continue and to expand.E. Every living cell in the body needs water to keep functioning.F. In normal conditions, the human body can only survive three or four days without water.G. However, there are still at least 2. 1 billion people around the world living without safe water.平谷一模：46. A；47. G；48. C；49. D；50. B；2020石景山一模How Smartphone Adds to Your WeightUsing a smartphone at mealtimes can lead to an expanding waistline. Researchers have found that men and women consumed 15% more calories when looking at their phones while eating. 46 The groundbreaking study suggests that staring at a phone screen may distract (分心) dinners from how much food and what they are actually eating.“It may prevent the correct understanding of the brain over the amount of food ingested,” said researchers who filmed 62 volunteers eating alone.The volunteers, aged 18 to 28, were divided in to three groups and invited to help themselves to a choice of food—ranging from healthy options to soft drinks and chocolate—until they were satisfied.47 On average, the volunteers ate 535 calories without the distraction of a smartphone but 591 when using a mobile.Those in the sample who were classed as overweight ate 616 calories while using their phones. When in possession of their mobiles, the volunteers also consumed 10 percent more fatty foods. 48“Smartphone use during a meal increased calorie and fat intake,” said Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimoa, a lead author of the study—carried out at the Federal University of Lavras in Brazil and University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands.He added: “Tablets and smartphones have become the main ‘distracters’ during meals, even early in childhood. 49A distracter prevents the brain correctly understanding the amount of food a ccepted.”50 A more detailed analysis can be found in the journal.A. They also eat more fatty food.B. They also ate more when reading a magazine.C. Distracted or hurried eating can add to weight gain.D. The study is published in Physiology And Behavior.E. It is important to pay attention to how this may impact food intakes.F. Hunger isn’t the only thing that influences how much we eat during the day.G. They were recorded eating with no distractions, using a smartphone or reading a magazine.石景山一模：46．A；47．G；48．B；49．E；50．D；2020高三英语适应性考试An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from them. 46 There are three basic sub-types of interview: structured interviews, unstructured interviews and semi-structured interviews. 47 Incidentally, “respondent” and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of “interviewee”.A great deal is provided by this personal contact: you are another human being, and interviewees will respond to you, in bodily presence, in an entirely different way from the way that they would have reacted to questionnaires that came through their letterboxes or to emails. 48 Most people want to help and give their opinions, and they will usually be energized to help by your physical presence.If you take the trouble to schedule a visit, you can be more or less guaranteed of a response. Most importantly, though, you will be able to relate to interviewees while you are talking to them.49 Y ou will be able to watch their behaviour which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topic. Because of the primacy of the personal contact, your appearance and tone are important—how do you want to be seen? As “one of us”? As a person in authority? As an observer? …Or what?50 However you decide to present yourself, it is good practice of course to try to put the interviewee at ease before the interview begins—to talk about the weather, about your journey, about anything that will break the ice.A.This is a ready-made support for you.B.Its nature varies with the nature of the interviews.C.You will be able to hear and understand what they are saying.D.Your decision should influence the way that you look, sound and behave.E.The information may be facts or opinions or attitudes or any combination of these.F.Each involves the interviewer in fact-to-face contact or telephone contact with another person.G.You will be using these clues to make informed guesses about what the interviewees mightreally mean.高三英语适应性考试：46．E 47．F 48．A 49．C 50．D7西城一模: 46.B 47．F 48．G 49．E 50．C延庆一模：46. E 47. G 48.B 49. F 50. C门头沟一模：46．B 47．F 48．C 49．E 50．A密云一模：46-50 FABEC平谷一模：46. A；47. G；48. C；49. D；50. B；石景山一模：46．A；47．G；48．B；49．E；50．D；高三英语适应性考试：46．E 47．F 48．A 49．C 50．D846．B 47．F 48．G 49．E 50．C2020延庆一模Where do you think the world’s happiest people live? Somewhere hot with sandy beaches? A country with a tradition of the fine food and culture? Not according to a recent study by the university of Leicester. Who are the happiest people on Earth? 46 Surprised? Well you’ll be more surprised when you hear that the Danes pay some of the highest taxes in the world. So what is the secret of their success?Let’s start with all that tax they pay. The Danish government provides its people with one of the finest education and health systems in the world. It spends more on children and elderly people per capital(人均) than other country. .47 Because a shop assistant’s final salary is not that much less than someone who works in a bank, for example, Danes don’t choose their careers based on money or status as people in other countries do. They choose the job they want to do. There’s a philosophy in Denmark known as “Jante-lov”, which translates as “you’re no better than anybody else.” 48 But workers in other countries are not used to looking at life in this way.Money doesn’t seem as important in Denmark. It has been called a “post consumerist” society.49 What is more important is the sense of society and it’s no surprise that Danes are very used to socializing. 92% of Danes belong to some kind of social club and these clubs are even paid for by the government.50 They also show an amazing amount of trust in each other and their government. You can see sighs of this all over the country. You’ll find vegetable stalls with no assistant. You take what you want and leave the money in a basket. perhaps the bike is a good symbol for Denmark. The Danes can afford cars but they choose bikes—simple, economical, non-polluting machines that show no status and help keep people fit.A. In a list ranking countries by the happiness of their citizens, it put tropical Fiji 50 places below freezing Iceland.B. The street sweeper can hold his head up high as he proudly does his job.C. Danish people aren’t as suspicious as many other nations.D. Most Danes are used to seeing between 50-70% of their salary going to the government!E. Those 5.5 million people who call Denmark their home.F. People have nice things in their houses, but they’re not mad about shopping and spending.G. And there’s another advantage to those high taxes.46. E 47. G 48.B 49. F 50. C2020门头沟一模How to Automate New Habits So That You’ll Keep to ThemAnyone who’s tried to add something new to their routine knows one thing: Building new habits9isn’t easy. 46The good news: There’s a solution, and it’s called automation. 47 For example: If you want to save more but it seems difficult to achieve, try transferring five dollars to your savings account each time you buy lunch during the week. If you want to do more sports but aren’t motivated to go to the gym every day, try doing 5 pushups after each time you use the restroom.That sounds easy. 48 “Automation works well in developing new behavior patterns because it involves the use of positive reinforcement(强化), which is one of the most powerful tools for behavior change,” Kahina Louis, a psychologist, tells Shine.“As you’re engaging in gradual steps toward your goals, you may quickly start to experience feelings of accomplishment and pride that you’re making the changes you wanted to make,” she says. “Those positive feelings are forms of reinforcement, and you are more likely to continue doing things that reinforce you.”Along with its positive reinforcement, automation emphasizes the impact of small changes in making a big difference. Though we all love the major successes, the small changes along the way are what get us there in the first step. 49 “As you show yourself each small change you’ve made, you’re giving yourself the message that you are capable of accomplishment,” Louis says. “That feeling and self-belief are extremely helpful to have as you continue toward creating new behavior change.”50 Take a look at what things you keep doing throughout the day or course of the week to decide when to add new automation. Louis says, “For example: If you know that you’re always extremely tired after work, then you might consider picking an auto habit that occurs in your morning routine rather than in the evening.”Louis also explains that although you should pick a behavior that occurs frequently enough to maximize the opportunities to build towards your goal, try not to choose an already existing behavior that occurs too often—like checking your phone or drinking of water. “You might not even realize you’re doing it, and may then miss a lot of chances to perform the new habit,” she says.A. Find your auto habits.B. It takes time and insistence.C. But it turns out to be efficient while trying.D. Consider auto habits that occur at times or places.E. It’s the small steps that fuel your motivation and self-belief.F. It is when you add what you’d like to be your new habit onto an existing habit.G. Building a new habit requires strong mind to help the process go along smoothly.46．B 47．F 48．C 49．E 50．A2020高三适应性考试10An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from them.46 There are three basic sub-types of interview: structured interviews, unstructured interviews and semi-structured interviews. 47 Incidentally, “respondent” and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of “interviewee”.A great deal is provided by this personal contact: you are another human being, and interviewees will respond to you, in bodily presence, in an entirely different way from the way that they would have reacted to questionnaires that came through their letterboxes or to emails. 48 Most people want to help and give their opinions, and they will usually be energized to help by your physical presence.If you take the trouble to schedule a visit, you can be more or less guaranteed of a response. Most importantly, though, you will be able to relate to interviewees while you are talking to them.49 Y ou will be able to watch their behaviour which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topic. Because of the primacy of the personal contact, your appearance and tone are important—how do you want to be seen? As “one of us”? As a person in authority? As an observer? …Or what?50 However you decide to present yourself, it is good practice of course to try to put the interviewee at ease before the interview begins—to talk about the weather, about your journey, about anything that will break the ice.H.This is a ready-made support for you.I.Its nature varies with the nature of the interviews.J.You will be able to hear and understand what they are saying.K.Your decision should influence the way that you look, sound and behave.L.The information may be facts or opinions or attitudes or any combination of these. M.Each involves the interviewer in fact-to-face contact or telephone contact with another person.N.You will be using these clues to make informed guesses about what the interviewees might really mean.1146．E 47．F 48．A 49．C 50．D12。
2020海淀二模Once considered an optional lifestyle choice, recycling has become a commonplace activity in most areas. One type of recycling, called downcycling, involves re-purposing a material into a new product of lesser quality. 46Downcycling is also known as downstream recycling. It is most common in terms of industrial materials. These products lose their value as they are recycled, which limits their capacity for new use. 47 White writing paper, for example, is often downcycled into cardboard; once downcycled to this new form, it can no longer be used as white paper again. Another example of downcycling includes the use of plastic components.Giving products a new life is considered a good way to reuse materials and avoid waste. Once downcycled to their full capacity, however, these materials are eventually so degraded that they cannot be reused further. Since downcycled products are considered of lower quality than their original form, they cannot be used in remaking their original product.48 Plastic, glass, and aluminium products coded with the number one may be remade into something of equal or greater value. This type of recycling is known as upcycling, and represents the forward compatibility of recycled components. Materials available for downcycling, such as water, juice, and milk bottles, are coded with the number two. 49Items available for downcycling often require additional chemicals, energy, and other treatments in order to transform them into something usable. Durable plastic products in particular require much additional treatment. Trash bins, tables, and chairs are also considered materials with a high energy cost to recycle.When a product reaches a code seven, it is considered no longer recyclable. 50 Since these products can no longer be made into new ones, they will either have to be reused or discarded, typically in a landfill.A.These recycled materials may often be put into new use.B.It can include varying grades of plastic, paper products, and other materials.C.Their recycled form is typically both weaker and cheaper than their original one.D.They may not be used to contain food-grade items again upon being downcycled.E . Products are provided with codes to determine their grades and whether or not they may be recycled.F. A code will determine the type of the recycled materials and give an idea of how many times they canbe recycled.G.This usually occurs when a substance is blended with other substances, such as different types ofplastic with various recycling codes.46.B 47. C 48. E 49. D 50. G2020西城二模Why does rain seem to make you sleepy?This spring on the east coast of the US, it feels like we’ve lost touch with the sun. In Washington, DC, 14 of the first 17 days of May were rainy. (46). It means that for me, Mary has been one of the months I’ ve felt the sleepiest. The dull weather can hit almost all of our senses in a way that gives a sign to us it is time for a sleep.First, there’ s what we see-or rather, what we don’ t. (47) When it's raining and skies are cloudy, we miss out our body's internal alarm clock. As Naomi, a scientist from Central on Queensland University said, when you don't see the sunlight first thing in the morning, your body never gets the signal that it needs to shift into daytime mode.(48) Plants produce oils during dry periods, possibly to stop seeds from developing. When it rains, the water brings out the oils and they mix with a chemical to create a "musky” smell. (49). Additionally, after a thunderstorm there's a chance you may smell ozone(臭氧), which is generated when lightning interacts with the air. Some compare its smell to that of clean bed sheets.Rain sounds are also comforting. The rhythmic pattern of rain hitting a roof, umbrella, or the ground below is called "pink noise." Pink noise is a category of background noise that has all of the frequencies that human can hear and has lower volumes at higher frequencies. According to someresearch, it may improve our quality of sleep by decreasing our brain activity. (50) The difficulty in waking up, the fresh, earthy scents, and the peace of the rain tapping on windows are enough to make anyone want to go back to bed for the day. Sadly, none of this evidence is enough to justify doing so; but it can at least explain why you may feel a little sleepy on these cloudy days.A. Noises can make us feel sleepier during the daytime.B. The others have been cloudy and dull for at least part of the day.C. That earthy smell of rain can make you feel calm and comfortable.D. It makes it easier for us to wake up from our sleep the night before.E. Sunlight causes our bodies to stop producing what makes us sleepy at nightF. And you'll also smell that when you are in your garden turning over your soilG. You can listen to an hour of rain on a window here, if you intend to test it out46. B 47. E 48. C 49. F 50. G2020东城二模At one point or another, you’ve probably heard someone speak with confidence on a topic that they actually know almost nothing about. This phenomenon is known as the Dunning-Kruger effect, which refers to the finding that people who are relatively unskilled or unknowledgeable in a particular subject sometimes have the tendency to overestimate their knowledge and abilities.In a set of studies, researchers Justin Kruger and David Dunning asked participants to complete tests of their skills in a particular domain. Then, participants were asked to guess how well they hadscores on the test.David Dunning explains that “the knowledge and intelligence that are required to be good at a task are often the same qualities needed to recognize that one is not good at that task.” In other words, if someone knows very little about a particular topic, they may not even know enough about the topic to realize that their knowledge is limited. Importantly, someone may be highly skilled in one area, butIf people who know very little about a topi c think they’re experts, what do experts think of themselves? Interestingly, Dunning and Kruger found that although experts typically guessed their performance was above average, they didn’t realize quite how well they had done. They often make aWhat can people do to overcome the effect? Dunning and Kruger once had some of the participants take a logic test and then complete a short training session on logical reasoning. After theAfterward, the participants who scored in the bottom 25 percent lowered their estimate of how well they thought they had done on the initial test. In other words, one way to overcome the effect may be to learn more about a topic.The Dunning-Kruger effect suggests that we may not always know as much as we think we do.to learn more and by reading about opposing views, we can work to overcome the effect.A. Researchers found that the training made a difference.B. They assume that everyone else is knowledgeable, too.C. This happens when people don’t know much about a topic.D. All of them had a more accurate view of their performance.E. They found that participants tended to overestimate their abilities.F. This means that everyone can potentially be affected by the Dunning-Kruger effect.G. In some domains, we may not know enough about a topic to realize that we are unskilled. 46．E47．F48．B49．A50．G2020朝阳二模The Buy Nothing MovementSocial media, magazines and shop windows bombard(猛轰) people daily with things to buy, and British consumers are buying more clothes than ever before. The average person spends more than £1,000 on new clothes a year, which might not sound like much. 46 A lot of consumer spending is by means of credit cards. British people currently owe about £670 per adult to credit card companies. Also, people are spending money they haven’t earned to buy things they don’t need. Britain throws away 300,000 tons of clothing a year, most of which goes into landfill(垃圾填埋地) sites.47 But charity shops can’t sell all those unwanted clothes. A lot of clothes that charities can’t sell are sent abroad, causing even more economic and environmental problems.48 The idea originated in Canada in the early 1990s and then moved to the US. On Buy Nothing Day people organise various types of protests and cut up their credit cards. Throughout the year, Buy Nothing groups organise the exchange and repair of items they already own.The trend has now reached influencers on social media who now encourage their viewers not to buy anything at all for periods as long as a year. Two friends in Canada spent a year working towards buying only food. For the first three months they learned how to live without buying electrical goods, clothes or things for the house. For the next stage, they gave up services, for example, haircuts, eating out or buying petrol for their cars. 49The changes they made meant two fewer cars on the roads, a reduction in plastic and paper packaging and a positive impact on the environment from all the energy saved. 50 But even if you can’t manage a full year without going shopping, you can participate in the anti-consumerist movement by refusing to buy things you don’t need.A. In one year, they’d saved $55,000.B. If everyone followed a similar plan, the results would be impressive.C. Online shopping means it is easy for customers to buy without thinking.D. Second-hand clothes are often of too poor quality to recycle in charity shops.E. But that figure hides two far more worrying trends for society and for the environment.F. However, a different trend arises in opposition to consumerism—the ‘buy nothing’ trend.G. People might not realise the problems because they donate their unwanted clothes to charities.46．E47．G48．F49．A50．B2020丰台二模One major reason Americans don’t get enough exercise is that they feel they don’t have enough time. It can be difficult to squeeze in the 75 minutes of aerobic (有氧的) exercise per week that federal guidelines recommend. 46In a new analysis of 14 studies, researchers tracked deaths among more than 232,000 people from the U.S., Denmark, the U.K. and China over at least five years, and compared the findings with people’s self-reports about how much they ran. People who said they ran any amount were less likely to die than those who didn’t run at all. 47 This was true even for those who didn’t log a great deal of time. The analysis divided people into groups, with 50 minutes or less per week representing the group that ran the least—but still ran. “Regardless of how much you run, you can expect such benefits,” says Zeljko Pedisic, one of the authors of the new analysis published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.The analysis is the latest to illustrate the benefits of running on the human body. It’s what we evolved (进化) to do. 48 But as leisure-time exercise, running keeps us healthy. “One of the best ways to avoid having to see a doctor,” Zeljko says, “is to stay physically active.”49 Running is good at guarding against cancer partly because it uses up blood sugar, starving the cancer cells that rely on it for fuel. And it protects you in other ways not necessarily measured in the latest research: by decreasing inflammation (炎症), for example, which is at the root of many diseases, and stimulating the production of a protein that improves brain health.50 Neither were how often people ran and the pace they kept. As long as you’re running, more isn’t always better, especially given that the risk of injury increases with repetition.A.People may no longer hunt wild animals for their next meal.B.The physical demands of running affect our body in a beneficial way.C.Some people run to prevent disease, and others run because it makes them feel better.D.Runners were 27% less likely to die for any reason, compared with nonrunners.E.But researchers point out, to infer something like that, they need the whole population measured.F.But new research suggests people may be able to get life-lengthening benefits by running for farless time.G.The good news is that running more than 50 minutes per week wasn’t linked to additionalprotections against dying.46. F47.D48. A49. B50. G2020顺义二模Sustainable Fabrics （织物）of the FutureChoosing what to wear can be a difficult problem, especially if you5re a fashion victim. Trying to keep up with the latest styles involves regular visits to the shopping malls and sometimes paying for expensive designer clothes. But the fashion often changes. 46Many stores now offer cheap “fast fashion”一low-price items that copy the styles of more expensive designer brands. Environmentalists are angered by the amount of energy involved in making these clothes and that many of them are made from non- recyclable materials. 47Eleanor Lawrie, a BBC reporter, says that people in the UK are the worst in Europe for getting rid of unwanted clothes every year. And she says, " On top of often poor labour conditions for workers, the fashion industry is also responsible for 20% of the world's waste water, and 10% of carbon emissions （排放）.”This is something the fashion industry is becoming more aware of and has tried to find new crops of biomaterials to replace wasteful fabrics like cotton and leather. Examples include Pinatex, a leather-like material made from pineapple leaves. It's been used in collections by Hugo Boss and H&M.48 It is being used to create food, packaging and clothes.49 The current farming practice requires a massive amount of water and insect killer. Eleanor says, "About 15,000 litres of water are required to make one pair of jeans, while 95% of its material is cotton. " So, buying organic cotton is a better choice. And there is also Tencel, a natural product becoming increasingly popular. It's made by taking cellulose fiber （木质纤维素）from trees and its production is thought to use 95% less water than cotton processing.Professor Richard Blackbum from Leeds School of Design tells the BBC that creating sustainable fabrics is only part of the battle一buying reasonably, buying second hand and buying fewer clothes are obviously the more environmentally friendly choices for people. 50 If one can do that, he is starting to be sustainable.A.Cotton is a very resource-demanding crop to grow.B.And there's Mycelium, the root structure of mushrooms.C.Every year, a million tonnes of unwanted fabrics just get thrown away.D.Many of your clothes will then be left in the back of cupboards gathering dust.E.Recycled cotton can come from secondhand clothing or from fabrics' leftovers.F.This means the cheap fashionable items will have to be burned or go into landfill.G.One shouldn't consider buying any item of clothing unless he commits to 30 wears.46-50 D F B A G2020房山二模A study revealed that, in most occasions, the outcome on a given task can be improved whentwo people have helped each other instead of working on their own. As early as 1624 John Donne has already popularized the phrase ‘No man is an island’. And this is especially true, be it in the workplace, in doing scientific research, or working in events. One of the benefits of cooperation is that people can pool together their skills and wisdom towards a common aim. Because of this, they have a higher chance of being more successful. 46Teamwork promotes diversity. The very nature of teamwork requires a group of people from various backgrounds to come together and share their thinking.47 This level of diversity generates cultural understanding, increased communication through collective knowledge of approaches and a larger resource of opinions.48 Working within a team helps us to create an environment which inspires collective knowledge, resources and skills. Consequently, this allows us to pick some ideas and to reflect on our own way of thinking. Teamwork also encourages self-improvement because it helps us to expand our horizons and make better use of our own intrinsic capabilities. And since self-improvement helps us in seeking better ways to perform our role within a team, it improves both the efficiency and productivity of the team as a whole.Completion of task becomes easy. Each member has unique skills to help with the project. 49 For example, you may ask one person to do research, another to take charge of social media marketing, and another to look after delivery. Teamwork can get the most of each person’s strengths.50 For instance, tackling about climate change by researchers who come from different disciplines (学科) could potentially lead to ground-breaking researches. In the traditional research world,one researcher pursued a theme over several decades. However, academia is fostering a fresh research culture, whereby academic works advance through the creation of interdisciplinary research.A. Teamwork encourages healthy competition.B. It promotes peer learning and self-improvement.C. So a task can be assigned based on a person’s skills and expertise.D. There are many benefits we can gain out of teamwork and cooperation.E. The seeds of creativity and innovation spring from the exchange of ideas.F. As a result, different opinions and problem-solving methods can be formed.G. Cooperation has several benefits including shared risk, resources and knowledge.46. D47.F48.B49.C50.E2020昌平二模All book writing has to start somewhere, and the best place to kick off your manuscript ( 原稿) is by coming up with a great idea. 46 It can be an article you read from your local newspaper, a conversation you overheard at Starbucks, a recent experience you had during a vacation, etc. Y ouroverall idea should be narrowed down to one-to-two paragraphs, similar to the back cover copy you find on most books. When writing books, the idea is king. Always remember that.47 This doesn’t just mean fictional characters—memoirs ( 回忆录) and nonfiction books still have characters, even if those characters are based on real people. When you write your own book, you must ask yourself what makes this character unique, what is the No. 1 thing this character wants and what difficulties must he or she overcome to reach it. Readers love imperfect, yet relatable characters.48Maybe the most crucial step in the steps to writing a book, setting a deadline and sticking to it is essential. 49 Too many writers say they are going to write a book and, after starting strong, find excuses as to why they stopped (or are on a super-long pause from writing books). There are definitely reasonable reasons that could prevent you from book writing—help needed in the family, a health issue, etc. But if you’re serious about writing a book, you have to make time for it. Deadlines will push you to do just that.Y ou can spend as much time as you want reading tips for writing a book, how to write books and how to edit your novel—and you should spend some time doing that. Y ou should invest in studying the craft and learning how to write a bestseller. 50 Do it during your lunch break. Do it while waiting for the kids at soccer practice. Do it after everyone goes to bed. There’s no official book writing model, there’s just you, a pen and a paper (or a computer, of course).A.Strive to make your characters as interesting as possible.B.But you’ll never write a book if you don’t spend time writing.C.Now discover our best tips for how to write a book effectively.D.It’s time to further your writing career by diving deeper into deadline.E.Book ideas come in all shapes and sizes and can be found anywhere.F.It’s the difference between serious writers and those who are merely dreamers.G.H ow to start writing a book begins with an idea, but your idea needs to be carried out withwell-developed characters.46. E 47. G 48. A. 49. F 50. B2020密云二模You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. 46 “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.47 They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. 48 They believe their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺) in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others—and even themselves—to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. 49In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. 50 He may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.A. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter.B. Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.C. One’s experiences determine his attitude toward life.D. Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently.E. Another with the same experience may choose to be a creator.F. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering.G. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives. 46-50 FDAGE。
51 You don't show your secret personality when you are awake because you can control your behavior, but when you are asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. 52 The important position is the one that you go to sleep in．If you go to sleep on your back, you're a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don't like to displease people. So you never express your real feelings. 53If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you're always easily upset. You always stick to your own opinions or judgment, but you aren't very ambitious.54 .This means that you enjoy having a good time.If you sleep curled up, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you're often delusive. You're shy and you don't normally like meeting people. You prefer to on your own, You're easily hurt．If you sleep on your side. yon have usually got a well—balanced personality. 55. You're usually careful. You believe in yourself. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don't often get sad. You always say what you think even if it makes people rather angry.A. You're quite shy and you aren't quite sure of yourself.B. You know your strengths and weakness．C. Normally people seldom change their sleeping positionD. Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.E. Maybe you don’t want to make friends with a per son who sleeps curled up.F. You usually live for today not tomorrow．G. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their positions．具体解题步骤：1、标记空前后句中的关键词本文主要讨论各种睡眠姿势反映出的各种性格。
2020北京高考英语七选五专项试题阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
1It is natural that young people are often uncomfortable when they are with their parents. They say that their parents don't understand them. They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways, that they are too serious and too strict with their children, and that they seldom give their children a free hand.It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children's trust and they tend to forget how they themselves felt when young.For example, young people like to act on the spot without much thinking. It is one of their ways to showthat they have grown up and they can face any difficult situation. Older people worry more easily. Most of them plan things ahead, at least in the back of their minds, and do not like their plans to be upset by something unexpected.When you want your parents to let you do something, you will have better success if you ask before you really start doing it.Young people often make their parents angry with their choices in clothes, in entertainment and in music. But they do not mean to cause any trouble; it is just that they feel cut off from the older people's world, into which they have not yet been accepted. That's why young people want to make a new culture of their own, and if their parents do not like their music or entertainment or clothes or their ways of speech, this will make the young people extremely happy.Sometimes you are so proud of yourself that you do not want your parents to say“yes” to what you do. All you want is to be left alone and do what you like. It is natural enough, after being a child for so many years, when you were completely under your parents' control.If you plan to control your life, you'd better win your parents over and try to get them to understand you. If your parents see that you have a high sense of responsibility, they will certainly give you the right to do what you want to do.________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________2.Spending time together is very important for a family. Parents can use this time to really get to know their children, and children love spending time together with their parents.Whether it is breakfast, lunch or dinner, families can always come together at the table. Meal time can feed more than just the baby alone. Family relations can be promoted as well. Eating breakfast together is a great way to start the day. Eatingdinner together every night allows families to share the happenings of the day and plan for tomorrow.Everyone loves a good movie. Break out a bowl of popcorn and gather on the couch together for a family movie night once a week. After a week or two, family members begin to really look forward to this relaxing and quiet family time.Pack up your tent and head for the hills. Going camping is a great way for family members to have some of that special time together, and a great way to have a holiday too!Games are fun for both kids and adults. There are so many games to choose from! This is a wonderful way to bring family members together as games make family time so fun!Gather your family together for a story. Kids just love bedtime stories. This allows parents to spend a bit of time with their kids, too. Children will fall asleep much easier after having a story read to them. This little bit of family time is beneficial in a lot of ways.Enjoy your family time and have fun with it. You'll remember the special time for the rest of your lives.________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________3.A well-developed class website can save teachers a lot of time in the long run, improving both student-teacher and parent-teacher communication while providing a place to store all classroom documents for future use. Although some extra time during the school year is required, once the site is up it needs just minor adjustments each new year. Have a question? Get an answer from online technology support now.Decide which type of software you will use to create a class website. Microsoft has many applications that can be used to create websites, such as Publisher and Expression Web. Some Web hosting sites also have simple editing tools you can use instead of a formal program.Find a place to host your class website. Your Internet provider often provides some small space for a personal website for free, and many other free website hosting companies are on the Internet.Consider using a template(模版)for your first attempt at website design. Most templates also come with a selection of colour and graphics already in place so you can concentrate on content instead of design. It will contain basic sections with your specific class information.Add content to your website. You need to have announcement sections for both parents and students, a syllabus or class rules area, homework assignments or a calendar, and maybe a links section for learning more about in-class topics and playing educational games.Decorate your website with graphics, clip art, background, cool fonts(字体)and other decorative items. It's best to find a theme you like and make your design elements all match your theme. Remember to keep it simple since too many colours and pictures make a site look busy and weaken its usability.________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____4.We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don't do a very good job. This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech.So, you have to give a speech and you're terrified. You get nervous, forget whatyou want to say, stumble (结巴)over words, talk too long and bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank goodness, it's over. I'm just not good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.”Cheer up! It doesn't have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of time doing your research. Then spend plenty of time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible and use pictures, charts and graphs if they will help you make your points more clearly. Never forget your audience. Don't talk over their heads and don't talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.Just remember: Be prepared. Know your subject, your audience and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.If you follow these simple steps, you'll see that you don't have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! If you're not convinced yet, give it a try and see what happens.________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____5.You're sitting on the train home and the person opposite you yawns (打哈欠). Suddenly, you're yawning with him, though you're not tired.This phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to sympathize(同情) with fellow humans. Supporting this claim was the discovery that those children who were unable to form normal emotional ties with others did not experience contagious(有传染性的) yawning, which showed that humans communicate regularly without words.Hugo D．Critchley, a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will prove that happiness and sadness can spread like the common cold. According to Critchley, our mind and body are in constant exchange about how we're feeling. “Emotions are closely linked with states of internal (体内的) responses，”he explained. “There are also more visible changes in our gestures and facial expressions. When we're in a group, these signals can spread to another person. For example, there's the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are lessobvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.Hugo D．Critchley further explained, “Our bodies synchronize(同步) and when we like the other person, we ever copy his behaviour. Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how you're sitting—it's pretty likely that you will be the same. Scientists believe it's our way of telling each other that we're partners. Through body language, humans give each other very subtle but clear signals that show emotions.”So, what lessons can we learn from this? “Spend time with happy people—otherwise your health could suffer，”said Critchley. “When we're sad, our body goes into fight or flight mode. But when we're happy, our body works normally and we feel relaxed and positive. So we look bright, our skin glows, we feel healthy and it affects everyone around us.”________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.Baseball is a great game, one that is played and enjoyed by tens of millions of people. Many of those who enjoy the game grow up playing baseball and watching baseball games. Few get good enough to be a great player, but everyone can, with practice, become a better player.How can you develop your baseball skills? The answer is simple: play. The more you play, the more you'll learn about the game. You'll develop baseball instincts(直觉)—you'll know what to do without even thinking about it. Your skills will get better and better. And whether or not you become a great player, you will likely develop a deep love for the game of baseball that you can share with your friends and family. Many adults' most wonderful memories are of playing baseball when they were kids.Hitting practice is the time to experiment. First, try out different kinds of bats(球棒)—heavy bats, light bats, long bats, short bats, wooden bats, and metal bats. You don't necessarily have to buy yourself a new bat to try it out. Borrow a bat from a friend, or buy a cheap used bat at a second-hand store.Then try different ways to stand. Watch your favourite player's stance(站立姿势). Try out some of the advice a coach or a friend has given you. Find out what feels the most comfortable. As long as you can see the ball well and keep your eye on the ball, then your stance is fine. You may find a better stance someday, but for now, gowith what feels the best.Most importantly, work on hitting the ball. Don't worry about how hard you hit it. Just practise hitting the ball with every swing. After all this hitting practice, you'll find your hitting gets better and better. Your body will know exactly what to do. In the end, without even trying, you'll start hitting the ball harder.________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _______7.Online schools are becoming very popular today. Whether it is working professionals who cannot afford the time to go to a full-time college because of their huge workload or stay-at-home mums who have many duties and cannot join in a college, online schools are much enjoyed at all. And now, even regular students, who have the time to go to college, are going in for online education, as it leaves them with enough time to pursue(追求) other things, such as a part-time job or a hobby, along with studying. However, as with everything, there are both advantages and disadvantages of online schooling.Let's start with the positives. These schools cost much less. You don't have to spend money on buying books or bus fees. Another advantage is the flexibility it provides. You can study at any time during the day. You can study wherever you want—in your house, at a café or even in a park.Move on to the disadvantages of online schooling. Those students who always need a push from their teachers to do well, are very likely not to do well in online schools. And the greatest disadvantage of going to school online is that there are many employers who prefer students with a traditional degree to those who have an online degree. The employers feel that students who go to full-time colleges are more knowledgeable compared to those who have online degrees. Since the very purpose of education is to land a person a good job, online degrees, many a time, do not serve this purpose.No doubt that online schools offer the freedom which no regular college can provide. However, how much the employers will value the degrees and whether a student can actually make his own study schedule and most importantly, stick to it, depend upon individuals( 个人). So in the end, it can be rightly said, online schools are good for some, while others should give them a skip.________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________8.Christmas, which falls on Dec. 25 every year, is the most important festival in the West.During Christmas, a big fat man in a red suit usually takes centre stage. His name is Santa Claus.He lives in the North Pole and sends presents to children in a magic sled that is pulled by flying reindeer.It sounds crazy, but Santa Claus is very popular. Small children around the world even leave food out for Santa and his reindeer on the night before Christmas. When they wake up in the morning, some of the food is eaten and there are presents under the Christmas tree.As you grow older you learn that Santa is not real and it is in fact just your parents. I was about 7 or 8 years old when I figured it out myself. But that doesn't stop people celebrating Christmas in the same way.So where did Santa Claus come from? Santa was actually a real man called Saint Nicholas, which sounds very similar to Santa Claus. He was born about 2，000 years ago in the Roman Empire. He was a very kind priest(神父) who would travel the country to help people, giving gifts late at night. He did not like to be seen giving gifts, so children were encouraged to go to sleep quickly. Nothing has changed today, with Santa Claus not visiting until all the children are asleep.The United States' version (版本) of Santa Claus was started when Dutch settlers arrived about 400 years ago. They called him Sinterklaas and that was slowly changed to Santa Claus over the years. Once big companies like Coca Cola began to use Santa Claus in their advertisements, he quickly became a symbol of Christmas.________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________9.Over the past few years, there has been a big increase in the number of people sharing information online. In this article, we will learn about some positive factors for people to share information online.We often share information with our friends in the office or at home to educate, entertain or pleasantly surprise them. In this way, we can connect with others. This is also true while sharing information online. If you look at the Facebook wall posts of your friends, you will realize that most of their updates are usually famous quotes, entertaining videos, inspirational images, funny jokes, etc. Ninety-four per cent of those who responded to a survey by The New York Times said they put a lot of thought into how the content they are sharing will be beneficial to others.A lot of people share information online to portray their true self to the outside world. Some people, especially those who are shy and not comfortable talking about their areas of interest in the presence of others, find it extremely convenient to share that information online with like-minded individuals.Seventy-eight per cent of the respondents in the study of The New York Times said they shared information online because it helps them develop better relationships. Today, a lot of people do not have the time to meet each other in person, and the Internet has become a great substitute. A lot of people now “meet” each other online, rather than in conventional places like restaurants and pubs.Lastly, when we share our thoughts online, we are actively engaging with thevast community of people who are a part of the World Wide Web. Sharing information will make a difference to the viewpoint of others, or add to their understanding about the world.________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________10.Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and got up early, we would be energetic the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all.In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best condition. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and correctly in the morning than at any other time of the day. And it is certain that we find it easier to understand what we learn in the morning. If we get up early and do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, without doubt we can build up our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. For example, if everyone in the familygets up early, wives will have enough time to prepare the breakfast for the whole family; children will have enough time to catch the school bus, and husbands will never forget to change their dirty shirt. Everything will be in order. However, if we get up late, we'll probably have to do everything in a hurry.Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. Late risers may find it difficult to form the habit of getting up early. They have to make an effort to do so. If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it.________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____答案：1One possible version:Many children and parents can't get along. For example, young people tend to do things without thinking twice, while older people plan things ahead. Also, young people like to try on something new. Despite different thinking and behaviour, they don't intend to make their parents angry. They simply want to make a new culture of their own and be independent. Anyway, young men are advised to win their parents' support and shoulder responsibility.2.One possible version：Family time is a golden chance for members to know each other. (要点1)To strengthen family ties, you can have meals together regularly. (要点2)Besides, watching movies and camping are both great ways to enjoy family time. (要点3)Playing games is also a good way, which both parents and kids enjoy. Lastly, bedtime stories benefit you all. (要点4)Whatever it is, the family time is necessary to every member.(要点5)3.One possible version：A class website is of great help in communication and information storage.(要点1) When you first create one, decide on the software to create and the place to host the class website.(要点2) Then, you are advised to use a template to focus more on details rather than design. (要点3)Afterwards, add detailed content. (要点4)Also, you can polish it with decorative items as long as you can ensure the site's usability. (要点5)4One possible v ersion：Many people are afraid of giving a speech. (要点1)And few know how to make excellent speeches. There are some simple steps to improve your speaking ability. (要点2)Firstly, take the purpose and the audience into consideration when you are preparing for a speech. (要点3)Besides, a speech will be more clear and brief with the help of examples and pictures.(要点4) Lastly, be yourself. Communicate with the audience thoughtfully and sincerely. (要点5)With these tips in mind, you are morelikely to make it.(要点6)5One possible v ersion：You yawn with the person opposite you if he yawns. A recent study found it is because people sympathize with each other. (要点1) A scientist conducted an experiment and proved that emotions spread among people.(要点2)Furthermore, we even copy one's behaviour if we like him or her.(要点3)So it is of great importance to spend time with happy people, for their happiness can make us happy. Then our body will work positively and we will be healthy. (要点4)6.One possible v ersion：Baseball is a popular game.(要点1) To develop your baseball skills, you have to practise. The more you practise, the more you will learn about the game. (要点2)During practice, you should try out different kinds of bats, find your most comfortable stance and practise hitting the ball until you are good at it.(要点3)7.One possible v ersion：Nowadays online schools are enjoying great popularity because of their low cost and the freedom regular schools can't provide.(要点1) However, online schooling has its own disadvantages.(要点2) It is likely that those who need others to press them to study won't behave well in online schools. (要点3)Besides, many employers don't value online degrees. (要点4)So online education is not suitable for everyone.(要点5) you could know the three old friends were really going separate__ways．One possible v ersion：As the most popular man on the most important Western festival, (要点1) Santa Claus and his presents remain much expected even after children know Santa is actually their parents. (要点2) And legend has it that Santa was possibly a priest in the Roman Empire who gave gifts at night around the country or , (要点3)in the US, a figure brought by the Dutch settlers who later became a symbol of the festival there. (要点4)9.One possible version：People increasingly share information online for several positive reasons. (要点1)Most people hope what they share will benefit others. Some people show their true self by sharing information online. (要点2) People also do this to keep in touch with friends and make new acquaintances. (要点3)Quite a few people share their thoughts online hoping to influence others' viewpoints in a positive way. (要点4)10.One possible version：Getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot.(要点1) Firstly, it helps us with our studies because in the morning we can remember things quickly and correctly.(要点2) Secondly, we can become healthier by breathing fresh air and doing exercise early in the morning.(要点3) Thirdly, it enables us to make a better preparation for the day.(要点4)Getting up early is a good habit and we should try our best to keep it.(要点5)。
绝密★启用前2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语参考答案第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）1．plays/has played/is playing/has been playing 2．lucky 3．if/whether 4．are thrown 5．to break 6．into/to 7．countries 8．found 9．lived/had lived/had been living 10．smarter第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）11．C 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D16．B 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．A21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D26．B 27．D 28．A 29．B 30．C第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）31．C 32．B 33．A 34．B 35．D36．A 37．C 38．D 39．B 40．D41．C 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．A第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）46．B 47．D 48．C 49．G 50．A英语（北京卷）参考答案第 1 页（共 2 页）第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）One possible version:Dear Jim,How are you doing? I hope everything’s OK with you.Our school’s drama club plans to start practising. Since you’re away in Britain, we need a drama teacher to be in your place. Would you please recommend one for us?He or she should be a native English speaker, currently in Beijing, and experienced in both directing and teaching.Thank you for your help. Please take care of yourself. Remember to wear a mask when necessary.Best wishes,Yours,Li Hua第二节（20分）一、内容要点1．发现问题2．征求意见3．线上讨论4．汇报成果二、范文One possible version:While studying at home, I surveyed my class on “self-discipline”. The findings worried me a lot.To solve the problem, I asked my parents for help, and they offered some practical advice. Then I held an online discussion with my classmates on how to well discipline ourselves. After that, we all knew better what to do.Three months later, I did a second survey, which showed great improvements in self-discipline. I phoned my teacher about it, and we both felt very pleased.英语（北京卷）参考答案第 2 页（共 2 页）。
Fashion and IdentityFor hundreds of years people have put some message in the type of clothing they wore. Long ago people started wanting to stand out from the “crowd” and be different from other people by means of changing their clothing. Some examples of these “standing out” became very popular and were followed by more people. 46 Nowadays, fashion has become a necessary part of one’s self-realization and clothing is basically a covering designed to be worn on a person’s body. This covering is a “necessity”, which brings a lot of variety into the lives of people and makes their image more complete.The type of clothing completely depends on the person wearing it and becomes a reflection of personal identity. Lately, a lot is being heard about its meaning in the life of every single person on the planet. The choice of clothing is as important as identification through the color of hair, skin and gender. As every piece of clothing carries a strong message about its owner, every owner “nests” a certain value in it depending on his mindset or today’s mood. Therefore, the clothing of a person is a means of communication with the outside world. 47Clothes have a significant impact on the understanding of the people nearby as well as the person wearing them. For instance, a suit can make a person feel more confident and organized, which would eventually change even the gestures of the person. 48 Sometimes, fashion may play a vital role in a person’s life, especially when the person is applying for the job he wants. Fashion also creates a message that is required by a situation the person finds himself in. This can be simply proved by analyzing one’s reaction on people wearing different types of clothing. 49___ Thus, even the smallest companies make wearing a suit one of the requirements for their employees.50 Fashion, with all its symbolism and features, form an outstanding base for personal and cultural identification. It is a part of the self-realization that is required for finding a place in life and has become a tool for achieving harmony with the inner world. The more diverse the society around us, the more fashion-trend will appear and surprise us.A.Fashion helps us realize our dreams.B.This was the moment when fashion appeared.C.Fashion and identity are inseparable companions.D.Clothing was designed to serve people in their daily life.E.The preference is always given to people dressed in “business style”.F.It is the way of telling people about the “state” and the “status” of its owner.G.Wearing jeans after a suit may change the conduct of a person to a very casual one1Where do you think the world’s happiest people live? Somewhere hot with sandy beaches? A country with a tradition of the fine food and culture? Not according to a recent study by the university of Leicester. Who are the happiest people on Earth? 46 Surprised? Well you’ll be more surprised when you hear that the Danes pay some of the highest taxes in the world. So what is the secret of their success?Let’s start with all that tax they pay. The Danish government provides its people with one of the finest education and health systems in the world. It spends more on children and elderly people per capital(人均) than other country. .47 Because a shop assistant’s final salary is not that much less than someone who works in a bank, for example, Danes don’t choose their careers based on money or status as people in other countries do. They choose the job they want to do. There’s a philosophy in Denmark known as “Jante-lov”, which translates as “you’re no better than anybody else.” 48 But workers in other countries are not used to looking at life in this way.Money doesn’t seem as important in Denmark. It has been called a “post consumerist” society.49 What is more important is the sense of society and it’s no surprise that Danes are very used to socializing. 92% of Danes belong to some kind of social club and these clubs are even paid for by the government.50 They also show an amazing amount of trust in each other and their government. You can see sighs of this all over the country. You’ll find vegetable stalls with no assistant. You take what you want and leave the money in a basket. perhaps the bike is a good symbol for Denmark. The Danes can afford cars but they choose bikes—simple, economical, non-polluting machines that show no status and help keep people fit.A. In a list ranking countries by the happiness of their citizens, it put tropical Fiji 50 places below freezing Iceland.B. The street sweeper can hold his head up high as he proudly does his job.C. Danish people aren’t as suspicious as many other nations.D. Most Danes are used to seeing between 50-70% of their salary going to the government!E. Those 5.5 million people who call Denmark their home.F. People have nice things in their houses, but they’re not mad about shopping and spending.G. And there’s another advantage to those high taxes.2020门头沟一模How to Automate New Habits So That You’ll Keep to ThemAnyone who’s tried to add something new to their routine knows one thing: Building new habits isn’t easy. 462The good news: There’s a solution, and it’s called automation. 47 For example: If you want to save more but it seems difficult to achieve, try transferring five dollars to your savings account each time you buy lunch during the week. If you want to do more sports but aren’t motivated to go to the gym every day, try doing 5 pushups after each time you use the restroom.That sounds easy. 48 “Automation works well in developing new behavior patterns because it involves the use of positive reinforcement(强化), which is one of the most powerful tools for behavior change,” Kahina Louis, a psychologist, tells Shine.“As you’re engaging in gradual steps toward your goals, you may quickly start to experience feelings of accomplishment and pride that you’re making the changes you wanted to make,” she says. “Those positive feelings are forms of reinforcement, and you are more likely to continue doing things that reinforce you.”Along with its positive reinforcement, automation emphasizes the impact of small changes in making a big difference. Though we all love the major successes, the small changes along the way are what get us there in the first step. 49 “As you show yourself each small change you’ve made, you’re giving yourself the message that you are capable of accomplishment,” Louis says. “That feeling and self-belief are extremely helpful to have as you continue toward creating new behavior change.”50 Take a look at what things you keep doing throughout the day or course of the week to decide when to add new automation. Louis says, “For example: If you know that you’re always extremely tired after work, then you might consider picking an auto habit that occurs in your morning routine rather than in the evening.”Louis also explains that although you should pick a behavior that occurs frequently enough to maximize the opportunities to build towards your goal, try not to choose an already existing behavior that occurs too often—like checking your phone or drinking of water. “You might not even realize you’re doing it, and may then miss a lot of chances to perform the new habit,” she says.A. Find your auto habits.B. It takes time and insistence.C. But it turns out to be efficient while trying.D. Consider auto habits that occur at times or places.E. It’s the small steps that fuel your motivation and self-belief.F. It is when you add what you’d like to be your new habit onto an existing habit.G. Building a new habit requires strong mind to help the process go along smoothly.2020密云一模Mystery of EvolutionFollowing the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP), also named COVID-19 by WHO, there is a general fear of the unknown virus as its full effects remain to be seen. Fever, coughing, sore throat, difficulty breathing-the NCP's symptoms are similar to the common cold or the flu. but it's3potentially more dangerous.Viruses could be deadly, like HIV and Ebola (埃博拉) . But what are viruses? How can they cause so much trouble? Viruses are non-living organisms (有机体) approximately one-millionth of an inch long. Unlike human cells or bacteria, they can't reproduce on their own. 46Viruses can infect every living thing-from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria. For this reason, they always have the potential to be dangerous to human life. Sometimes a virus can cause a disease so serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections cause no noticeable reaction. Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They can eater our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin. 47 For example, HIV, which causes AIDS. attacks the T-cells of the immune system.But the basic question is, where did viruses first come from? 48 "Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult. " Ed Rybicki, a virologist at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, "because viruses don't leave fossils (化石) and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells they've invaded."49 First, viruses started as independent organisms, then became parasites (寄生者) . Second. viruses evolved from pieces of DNA or RNA that "escaped" from larger organisms. Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells.For the time being, these are only theories. The technology and evidence we have today cannot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation. 50 Or future studies may reveal that the answer is even murkier (含糊不清的) than it now appears.A. Once inside, they try to find a host cell to infect.B. Until now, no clear explanation for their origin exists.C. Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers.D. There's pretty strong evidence that this is a bat origin coronavirus.E. However, there are three main hypotheses (假说) to explain the origin of viruses.F. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spread and take over.G. Bat is a flying mammal with a long lifespan, whose temperature is high, similar to a fever.2020平谷一模The World Water Day has been celebrated annually on 22 March since1992. Each year has a different theme, looking at things like the role of clean water in the world of work, ways to stop wasting water, finding ways to supply water to underprivileged groups and so on.46 But it is also vital for sanitation(卫生). It is estimated that more than 700 children under the age of seven die every day from illnesses linked to unsafe water and poor sanitation. The right to water and sanitation was recognized as a human right. 47 These include rural communities, people who have been displaced due to war and local conflicts and areas where climate change is making water more and more scarcer.Apart from the obvious health issues, a lack of accessible clean water means that people —often women and children — spend hours every day walking to and from distant water supplies.This means they don’ t have time to dedicate to work, studies and other domestic duties.48 And people who are not able to walk to get their own water are particularly vulnerable.There are many charities working on creating sustainable supplies of clean water for different communities around the world. 49 But the fundamental problem of increasing demand for a limited resource can only be addressed by more efficient use of water, especially in industry and agriculture. Waste-water recycling, capturing rainwater, more efficient irrigation techniques and reforestation are all examples of how water can be used more efficiently.50 We should support charities, raise awareness, take part in the World Water Day events that are happening all around the world and, of course, be careful with how we use water in our own lives. Visit the UN World Water Day website to find out about an event near us. Follow world water day on social media and help spread the word about this incredibly important issue.4A. Clean drinking water is fundamental.B. As individuals, what can we do to help the issue?C. The search for water becomes their main occupation.D. This important work needs to continue and to expand.E. Every living cell in the body needs water to keep functioning.F. In normal conditions, the human body can only survive three or four days without water.G. However, there are still at least 2. 1 billion people around the world living without safe water.2020石景山一模How Smartphone Adds to Your WeightUsing a smartphone at mealtimes can lead to an expanding waistline. Researchers have found that men and women consumed 15% more calories when looking at their phones while eating. 46 The groundbreaking study suggests that staring at a phone screen may distract (分心) dinners from how much food and what they are actually eating.“It may prevent the correct understanding of the brain over the amount of food ingested,” said researchers who filmed 62 volunteers eating alone.The volunteers, aged 18 to 28, were divided in to three groups and invited to help themselves to a choice of food—ranging from healthy options to soft drinks and chocolate—until they were satisfied.47 On average, the volunteers ate 535 calories without the distraction of a smartphone but 591 when using a mobile.Those in the sample who were classed as overweight ate 616 calories while using their phones. When in possession of their mobiles, the volunteers also consumed 10 percent more fatty foods. 48“Smartphone use during a meal increased calorie and fat intake,” said Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimoa, a lead author of the study—carried out at the Federal University of Lavras in Brazil and University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands.He added: “Tablets and smartphones have become the main ‘distracters’ during meals, even early in childhood. 49A distracter prevents the brain correctly understanding the amount of food a ccepted.”50 A more detailed analysis can be found in the journal.A. They also eat more fatty food.B. They also ate more when reading a magazine.C. Distracted or hurried eating can add to weight gain.D. The study is published in Physiology And Behavior.E. It is important to pay attention to how this may impact food intakes.F. Hunger isn’t the only thing that influences how much we eat during the day.G. They were recorded eating with no distractions, using a smartphone or reading a magazine.2020高三适应性考试An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from them. 46 There are three basic sub-types of interview: structured interviews, unstructured interviews and semi-structured interviews. 47 Incidentally, “respondent” and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of “interviewee”.A great deal is provided by this personal contact: you are another human being, and interviewees will respond to you, in bodily presence, in an entirely different way from the way that they would have reacted to questionnaires that came through their letterboxes or to emails. 48 Most people want to help and give their opinions, and they will usually be energized to help by your physical presence.If you take the trouble to schedule a visit, you can be more or less guaranteed of a response.5Most importantly, though, you will be able to relate to interviewees while you are talking to them.49 Y ou will be able to watch their behaviour which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topic. Because of the primacy of the personal contact, your appearance and tone are important—how do you want to be seen? As “one of us”? As a person in authority? As an observer? …Or what?50 However you decide to present yourself, it is good practice of course to try to put the interviewee at ease before the interview begins—to talk about the weather, about your journey, about anything that will break the ice.A.This is a ready-made support for you.B.Its nature varies with the nature of the interviews.C.You will be able to hear and understand what they are saying.D.Your decision should influence the way that you look, sound and behave.E.The information may be facts or opinions or attitudes or any combination of these.F.Each involves the interviewer in fact-to-face contact or telephone contact with another person.G.You will be using these clues to make informed guesses about what the interviewees might reallymean.6西城一模: 46.B 47．F 48．G 49．E 50．C延庆一模：46. E 47. G 48.B 49. F 50. C门头沟一模：46．B 47．F 48．C 49．E 50．A密云一模：46-50 FABEC平谷一模：46. A；47. G；48. C；49. D；50. B；石景山一模：46．A；47．G；48．B；49．E；50．D；高三英语适应性考试：46．E 47．F 48．A 49．C 50．D7。
How to Automate New Habits So That You’ll Keep to Them Anyone who’s tried to add something new to their routine knows one thing: Building new habits isn’t easy. 46The good news: There’s a solution, and it’s called automation. 47 For example: If you want to save more but it seems difficult to achieve, try transferring five dollars to your savings account each time you buy lunch during the week. If you want to do more sports but aren’t motivated to go to the gym every day, try doing 5 pushups after each time you use the restroom.That sounds easy. 48 “Automation works well in developing new behavior patterns because it involves the use of positive reinforcement(强化), which is one of the most powerful tools for behavior change,”Kahina Louis, a psychologist, tells Shine.“As you’re engaging in gradual steps toward your goals, you may quickly start to experience feelings of accomplishment and pride that you’re making the changes you wanted to make,” she says. “Those positive feelings are forms of reinforcement, and you are more likely to continue doing things that reinforce you.”Along with its positive reinforcement, automation emphasizes the impact of small changes in making a big difference. Though we all love the major successes, the small changes along the way are what get us there in the first step. 49 “As you show yourself each small change you’ve made, you’re giving yourself the message that you are capable of accomplishment,” Louis says. “That feeling and self-belief are extremely helpful to have as you continue toward creating new behavior change.”50 Take a look at what things you keep doing throughout the day or course of the week to decide when to add new automation. Louis says, “For example: If you know that you’re always extremely tired after work, then you might consider picking an auto habit that occurs in your morning routine rather than in the evening.”Louis also explains that although you should pick a behavior that occurs frequently enough to maximize the opportunities to build towards your goal, try not to choose an already existing behavior that occurs too often—like checking your phone or drinking of water. “You might not even realize you’re doing it, and may then miss a lot of chances to perform the new habit,” she says.A. Find your auto habits.B. It takes time and insistence.C. But it turns out to be efficient while trying.D. Consider auto habits that occur at times or places.E. It’s the small steps that fuel your motivation and self-belief.F. It is when you add what you’d like to be your new habit onto an existing habit.G. Building a new habit requires strong mind to help the process go along smoothly.What Your Nose KnowsYour sense of smell enriches your experience of the world around you. Different scents can change your mood or transport you back to a distant memory. Your ability to smell also plays a key role in your health. 46The things we smell are actually the tiny molecules(分子) released by substances all around us. When we breathe in these molecules, they stimulate specialized sensory cells high inside the nose.47 But a given molecule can stimulate a combination of these receptors, creating a unique representation in the brain. We perceive that representation as a smell.48 A stuffy(不通气的) nose or a harmless growth in the nose can block air and thus scents from reaching the sensory cells. Certain medications, like some blood pressure pills, can change smell, but these effects are usually temporary. Your smell should come back once you’ve recovered or stopped the medication. But some things can cause a long-lasting loss of smell. A head injury or virus, for example, can sometimes damage the nerves related to smell. 49 According to Dr. Davangere Devanand, an expert on neurodegenerative(神经变性的) diseases and smell loss, the main reason appears to be that the functioning of the brain regions involved in smell and memory becomes damaged as we grow older.But problems with your ability to smell may be more than normal aging. They can sometimes be an early sign of serious health conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease. Devanand’s group is studying the relationships between smell dysfunction and certain disease.Researchers are also looking for ways to avoid smell loss. Some studies suggest that smell training may help you improve your ability to distinguish and identify scents. 50 But the question remains as to whether and how this might work.A. Many things can cause smell loss.B. People may have lost their ability to smell before they notice it.C. Each of these sensory cells has only one type of scent receptor.D. It may improve your brain’s ability to interpret low l evels of scents.E. As people get older, many of them couldn’t identify certain kind of smell.F. If your ability to smell declines, it can affect your physical well-being and everyday safety.G. And with age, there is a decline in the ability to smell to some extent in the nose, but much more in the brain itself.Suppose you were promised $1,440 each day that comes to $525,600 a year. That could never be reduced or changed in your whole life. Sounds great, doesn’t it? Actually, we all do get 1,440 a day—but in minutes, not dollars. 46 It’s possible to get more money, but you can’t make more time.Many of the management practices that help people make good use of their money can also be applied to your “time currency”. But the question is, are you a good manager of your time?47 Find out where your time is going now. Write down everything you do in a day. Include work, study, cooking and meals, cleaning and household maintenance, sleep, family time and mindless activities such as watching TV and getting lost in social media.48 Ten minutes of planning can save you an hour of time and helps stretch the time you have, and you’ll see pockets of time you can use for things you want to do. “Once people have a clear picture, they actually do have a lot more time than they realize.” Clark, the founder of the Purposeful Planner says.You can also set limits. Use kitchen timers, phone reminders, apps or other timing devices to stay focused and work more productively, suggests Janine Adams, certified professional organizer of Peace of Mind Organizing.49 When you have missions to run, instead of making three separate trips on three different days to buy groceries, office supplies or home store products, integrate them—visit all three stores in one trip. It’s more efficient to finish “little one-off” tasks together rather than deal with one at a time throughout the day.At the end of the day, week, month and year, take a look at how well you’ve managed your time. You’ll see where you could do better and where you’ve completed what you set out to do. Booren compares this progress check to reviewing your annual “financial statement”.50 Do that over and over and “it forms habit and becomes natural.” Booren says.A. Try these simple steps to take control of your clock and calendar.B. Time is one of the most precious and limited resources for people.C. Grouping small tasks into one job proves to be helpful in daily practice.D. The most important tasks are not always the same as the most pressing tasks.E. Focus on what you’re doing and avoid having to repeat the same process twice.F. Invest a few minutes at the beginning of each day or week to plan and organize.G. Take time each day to reflect on your achievements and set goals for tomorrow.The World Water Day has been celebrated annually on 22 March since1992. Each year has a different theme, looking at things like the role of clean water in the world of work, ways to stop wasting water, finding ways to supply water to underprivileged groups and so on.46 But it is also vital for sanitation (卫生). It is estimated that more than 700 children under the age of seven die every day from illnesses linked to unsafe water and poor sanitation. The right to water and sanitation was recognized as a human right. 47 These include rural communities, people who have been displaced due to war and local conflicts and areas where climate change is making water more and more scarcer.Apart from the obvious health issues, a lack of accessible clean water means that people — often women and children — spend hours every day walking to and from distant water supplies. This means they don’t have time to dedicate to work, studies and other domestic duties.48 And people who are not able to walk to get their own water are particularly vulnerable.There are many charities working on creating sustainable supplies of clean water for different communities around the world. 49 But the fundamental problem of increasing demand for a limited resource can only be addressed by more efficient use of water, especially in industry and agriculture. Waste-water recycling, capturing rainwater, more efficient irrigation techniques and reforestation are all examples of how water can be used more efficiently.50 We should support charities, raise awareness, take part in the World Water Day events that are happening all around the world and, of course, be careful with how we use water in our own lives. Visit the UN World Water Day website to find out about an event near us. Follow world water day on social media and help spread the word about this incredibly important issue.A. Clean drinking water is fundamental.B. As individuals, what can we do to help the issue?C. The search for water becomes their main occupation.D. This important work needs to continue and to expand.E. Every living cell in the body needs water to keep functioning.F. In normal conditions, the human body can only survive three or four days without water.G. However, there are still at least 2.1 billion people around the world living without safe water.All book writing has to start somewhere, and the best place to kick off your manuscript (原稿) is by coming up with a great idea. 46 It can be an article you read from your local newspaper, a conversation you overheard at Starbucks, a recent experience you had during a vacation, etc. Your overall idea should be narrowed down to one-to-two paragraphs, similar to the back cover copy you find on most books. When writing books, the idea is king. Always remember that.47 This doesn’t just mean fictional characters—memoirs (回忆录) and nonfiction books still have characters, even if those characters are based on real people. When you write your own book, you must ask yourself what makes this character unique, what is the No. 1 thing this character wants and what difficulties must he or she overcome to reach it. Readers love imperfect, yet relatable characters. 48Maybe the most crucial step in the steps to writing a book, setting a deadline and sticking to it is essential. 49 Too many writers say they are going to write a book and, after starting strong, find excuses as to why they stopped (or are on a super-long pause from writing books). There are definitely reasonable reasons that could prevent you from book writing—help needed in the family, a health issue, etc. But if you’re serious about writing a book, you have to make time for it. Deadlines will push you to do just that.You can spend as much time as you want reading tips for writing a book, how to write books and how to edit your novel—and you should spend some time doing that. You should invest in studying the craft and learning how to write a bestseller. 50 Do it during your lunch break. Do it while waiting for the kids at soccer practice. Do it after everyone goes to bed. There’s no official book writing model, there’s just you, a pen and a paper (or a computer, of course).A. Strive to make your characters as interesting as possible.B. But you’ll never write a book if you don’t spend time writing.C. Now discover our best tips for how to write a book effectively.D. It’s time to further your writing career by diving deeper into deadline.E. Book ideas come in all shapes and sizes and can be found anywhere.F. It’s the difference between serious writers and those who are merely dreamers.G. How to start writing a book begins with an idea, but your idea needs to be carried out with well-developed characters.2020密云一模Mystery of EvolutionFollowing the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), also named COVID-19 by WHO, there is a general fear of the unknown virus as its full effects remain to be seen. Fever, coughing, sore throat, difficulty breathing – the NCP’s symptoms are similar to the common cold or the flu, but it’s potentially more dangerous.Viruses could be deadly, like HIV and Ebola (埃博拉). But what are viruses? How can they cause so much trouble? Viruses are non-living organisms (有机体) approximately one-millionth of an inch long. Unlike human cells or bacteria, they can’t reproduce on their own. 46Viruses can infect every living thing – from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria. For this reason, they always have the potential to be dangerous to human life. Sometimes a virus can cause a disease so serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections cause no noticeable reaction. Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They can enter our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin. 47 For example, HIV, which causes AIDS, attacks the T-cells of the immune system.But the basic question is, where did viruses first come from? 48 “Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult,” Ed Rybicki, a virologist at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, “because viruses don’t leave fossils (化石) and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells they’ve invaded.”?49 First, viruses started as independent organisms, then became parasites (寄生者). Second, viruses evolved from pieces of DNA or RNA that “escaped” from larger organisms. Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells.For the time being, these are only theories. The technology and evidence we have today cannot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation. 50 Or future studies may reveal that the answer is even murkier (含糊不清的) than it now appears.A. Once inside, they try to find a host cell to infect.B. Until now, no clear explanation for their origin exists.C. Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers.D.There’s pretty strong evidence that this is a bat origin coronavirus.E. However, there are three main hypotheses (假说) to explain the origin of viruses.F. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spread and take over.G. Bat is a flying mammal with a long lifespan, whose temperature is high, similar to a fever.Where do you think the world’s happiest people live? Somewhere hot with sandy beaches? A country with a tradition of the fine food and culture? Not according to a recent study by the university of Leicester. Who are the happiest people on Earth? 46 Surprised? Well you’ll be more surprised when you hear that the Danes pay some of the highest taxes in the world. So what is the secret of their success?Let’s start with all that tax they pay. The Danish government provides its people with one of the finest education and health systems in the world. It spends more on children and elderly people per capital(人均) than other country. .47 Because a shop assistant’s final salary is not that much less than someone who works in a bank, for example, Danes don’t choose their careers based on money or status as people in other countries do. They choose the job they want to do. There’s a philosophy in Denmark known as “Jante-lov”, which translates as “you’re no better than anybody else.” 48 But workers in other countries are not used to looking at life in this way.Money doesn’t seem as important in Denmark. It has been called a “post consumerist” society.49 What is more important is the sense of society and it’s no surprise that Danes are very used to socializing. 92% of Danes belong to some kind of social club and these clubs are even paid for by the government.50 They also show an amazing amount of trust in each other and their government. You can see sighs of this all over the country. You’ll find vegetable stalls with no assistant. You take what you want and leave the money in a basket. perhaps the bike is a good symbol for Denmark. The Danes can afford cars but they choose bikes—simple, economical, non-polluting machines that show no status and help keep people fit.A. In a list ranking countries by the happiness of their citizens, it put tropical Fiji 50 places below freezing Iceland.B. The street sweeper can hold his head up high as he proudly does his job.C. Danish people aren’t as suspicious as many other nations.D. Most Danes are used to seeing between 50-70% of their salary going to the government!E. Those 5.5 million people who call Denmark their home.F. People have nice things in their houses, but they’re not mad about shopping and spending.G. And there’s another advantage to those high taxes.As the manager for a newly formed team, you want to help your team members get to an effective and high-performing state as quickly as possible.46 His original model identified four stages that all groups pass through as they move from "newly formed” to "high-performance" teams. Those stages are Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing.During the Forming stage, members of the project team meet each other and learn about the tasks they need to perform. 47 During this stage, it is critical for the project manager to provide structure and direction for the team. Clearly defining the project's objectives and making sure each team member understands their role and responsibilities will help you lead the team through this stage successfully.The Storming stage is characterized by interpersonal issues such as conflicts. During this stage it is common for team members to challenge each other, including the project manager! Team members may also question what they are doing and how it is being done. As the project manager, this will likely be the most challenging time leading your project. Understanding that this type of conflict is normal for any team will help you pass through this stage successfully. During this stage, some of the skills that help you build your team are conflict management, active listening, and relationship building.48As conflicts become less intense and the team members begin to understand and accept each other, the team will gradually move into the Norming stage. It is during this stage that your team starts to come together and is able to focus more effectively on the project tasks and objectives. 49 Communication and constructive response help you do this. You can continue your team building efforts by arranging social events with the team and making sure to give positive recognition to team members.50 Interpersonal and structural issues have been settled and support task performance. Team performance is high during this stage.A. It is also important for you to be confident and positive.B. Several researchers put forward different theories.C. In the Performing stage, team members are comfortable with each other.D. Your behavior has a huge influence on your team members.E. One of the most influential theories was developed by Bruce Tuckman.F. You need to focus on keeping everyone moving in the right direction.G. Team members try to see how they fit in and understand what is expected.2020房山二模A study revealed that, in most occasions, the outcome on a given task can be improved when two people have helped each other instead of working on their own. As early as 1624 John Donne has already popularized the phrase ‘No man is an island’. And this is especially true, be it in the workplace, in doing scientific research, or working in events. One of the benefits of cooperation is that people can pool together their skills and wisdom towards a common aim. Because of this, they have a higher chance of being more successful. 46Teamwork promotes diversity. The very nature of teamwork requires a group of people from various backgrounds to come together and share their thinking.47 This level of diversity generates cultural understanding, increased communication through collective knowledge of approaches and a larger resource of opinions.48 Working within a team helps us to create an environment which inspires collective knowledge, resources and skills. Consequently, this allows us to pick some ideas and to reflect on our own way of thinking. Teamwork also encourages self-improvement because it helps us to expand our horizons and make better use of our own intrinsic capabilities. And since self-improvement helps us in seeking better ways to perform our role within a team, it improves both the efficiency and productivity of the team as a whole.Completion of task becomes easy. Each member has unique skills to help with the project. 49 For example, you may ask one person to do research, another to take charge of social media marketing, and another to look after delivery. Teamwork can get the most of each person’s strengths.50 For instance, tackling about climate change by researchers who come from different disciplines (学科) could potentially lead to ground-breaking researches. In the traditional research world,one researcher pursued a theme over several decades. However, academia is fostering a fresh research culture, whereby academic works advance through the creation of interdisciplinary research.A. Teamwork encourages healthy competition.B. It promotes peer learning and self-improvement.C. So a task can be assigned based on a person’s skills and expertise.D. There are many benefits we can gain out of teamwork and cooperation.E. The seeds of creativity and innovation spring from the exchange of ideas.F. As a result, different opinions and problem-solving methods can be formed.G. Cooperation has several benefits including shared risk, resources and knowledge.2020海淀一模Is there a link between social media and depression? Do social media have a negative impact on your mental health? It’s complicated.In a recent study, the investigators compared social media use and depression between teens. 46 Specifically, for every hour per day that one teen spent on social media more than her peers, she likely had a 0.64-point higher depression score.A different study published in 2018 identified five distinct types of social media users. The finding was that “problematic social media use” was one of the main themes for people whose mental health was affected by social media. You can have alcohol in your life without it being a problem, or your alcohol use may become problematic. 47There’s one important thing to remember about survey research——just because two things happen together, it’s not necessarily true that one causes the other. 48 For all we know, it could be that people who are already more depressed choose to spend more time on social media.49 If you think that we shouldn’t paint social media with one broad brush, you’re on the right track. On the one hand, participants often described social media as a valuable way to cope with stress. On the other hand, cyberbullying via social media was also a common experience for participants. Some also said that constantly checking their own social media profile was stressful.It’s certainly possible that experiences like cyberbullying, comparing yourself to idealized images, and constantly monitoring your profile, are bad for your mood. It’s also true for many that social media offer community support and positive messages. Given the inconclusive research, it’s safe to say that at least we shouldn’t write off social media altogether. 50 Anyway, you cannot use it as a crutch for coping with other stressors and mental health problems.A.It’s the same with social media.B.Social media can be a double-edged sword.C.People get more opinionated about the potential problems of social media.D.They found that those who used social media more had higher depression scores.E.They reviewed all existing research and found that there were both benefits and drawbacks.F.The key to benefiting from social media may lie in using it in moderation and staying socially connected.G.For example, just because higher social media use co-occurs with higher levels of depression doesn’t mean social media use causes depression.2020市3月适应性测试An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from them. 46 There are three basic sub-types of interview: structured interviews, unstructured interviews and semi-structured interviews. 47 Incidentally, “respondent” and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of “interviewee”.A great deal is provided by this personal contact: you are another human being, and interviewees will respond to you, in bodily presence, in an entirely different way from the way that they would have reacted to questionnaires that came through their letterboxes or to emails. 48 Most people want to help and give their opinions, and they will usually be energized to help by your physical presence.If you take the trouble to schedule a visit, you can be more or less guaranteed of a response. Most importantly, though, you will be able to relate to interviewees while you are talking to them. 49 You will be able to watch their behaviour which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topic. Because of the primacy of the personal contact, your appearance and tone are important—how do you want to be seen? As “one of us”? As a person in authority? As an observer? …Or what? 50 However you decide to present yourself, it is good practice of course to try to put the interviewee at ease before the interview begins—to talk about the weather, about your journey, about anything that will break the ice.A．This is a ready-made support for you.B．Its nature varies with the nature of the interviews.C．You will be able to hear and understand what they are saying.D．Your decision should influence the way that you look, sound and behave.E．The information may be facts or opinions or attitudes or any combination of these.F．Each involves the interviewer in fact-to-face contact or telephone contact with another person.G．You will be using these clues to make informed guesses about what the interviewees might really mean.As the higher education sector faces mounting pressures to provide value for money, it’s now often assumed that universities will provide its students with much more than just a degree. Most prospectuses（宣传册）introduction present institutions as being the “leaders” in academic research, student satisfaction, graduate employability and contact hours. 46Visiting a university “in the flesh” on the open day is the only way you can truly get a feel for the place, and ensures you won’t get any unpleasant surprises when you start your course. 47 Remember that there is no such thing as the best university – only the best fit for you.Before your visit, conduct some online research and decide on a few universities you’d like to visit. Plan your day, booking any relevant sessions, and noting down any talks you would like to attend. Prepare a list of questions about all the aspects of university life.During your visit, you need to make plenty of notes! 48 You’ll start to forget important things unless you put them down. Note which accommodation you like as well as how much it costs and where it is located. Bear in mind that you might not get your first choice of accommodation, so have a few others in mind as a back-up.49 Go along to application sessions and you can get the answers there. You could even show the admissions tutor a draft of your personal statement and ask for some direct feedback. Ask the experts – not only the admissions team and course tutors, but also the current students. While it might be tempting to let mum and dad take over, it’s you who will be going to univ ersity, not them, so don’t be afraid to speak up!Write down what you like about the university and compare it to others. Remember to make sure you prioritise your course over the university. 50 If you don’t enjoy your course, then chances are you wil l fail to maximise your potential. It’s your choice, so make the best of it!A. Avoid being misled by claims and statistics.B. It doesn’t matter how famous the university is.C. It is important to find out the selection criteria.D. With so many choices, how can you make an informed decision?E. Faced with all the information, what you need to do is to get the most out of it.F. The conversations and experiences you’ve had will mix together after a few visits.G. Determine your own criteria –especia lly if you’re unsure about which subjects to study.。
【新题型】2020届新高考英语7选5、语法填空、短文改错和书面表达组合练(1)一、七选五阅读How to Pack Your BagsPlan your clothes for each day of your trip. If you pack whole clothes rather than individual items of clothing, you won't have to worry about running out of things to wear. Choose your clothes based on what you plan to do, leaving anything else at home. For example, suppose you're going to the beach and plan to spend the majority of your time on the shore. 1 , but you wouldn't bring any formal wear.Roll your garments in your bag. Folding takes up more space, and your clothing will end up more wrinkled.2 . Rolled garments also take up less space in your suitcase, allowing you to pack more items.3 . In most places you travel, you'll have access to first aid supplies and drugs if you need them. However, having a basic first aid set with you means you won't have to waste time hunting for supplies when you need them. Separate documents and items you'll need for your return home. Put return tickets, your house keys, and anything else related to your return in a separate plastic bag. Include a small amount of cash as well, in case you need it.4 .Don't take these things with you when you're out and about. Leave them in your hotel room or locked in a safe at the hotel or hostel where you're staying.Include a laundry bag in your suitcase. 5 , but bringing your own will make things easier on your return. Lay it flat on top of your clothes and other items to keep things from shifting during travel.A. Put the bag in a safe placeB. That will keep them off the floorC. You might bring several swimsuitsD. Pack medical and first aid suppliesE. Rolling your garments reduces wrinklesF. You can depend on first aid supplies and drugsG. Many hotels provide a small plastic bag for laundry二、语法填空The British government has said that a third of the food the world produces is wasted. Over 7 million tons of food is wasted in the UK every year.One-third of food produced for human 1 (consume) is lost or wasted globally. There are many answers to 2problem of food waste. First, schools could raise children's awareness of food waste from a young age. Secondly,-by’ supermarkets could sell vegetables that 3 (be) thrown away because they are the wrong shape. Finally, ‘se4dates, ‘use-by’ dates and ‘best before’ labels need to change. Perfectly good food is thrown away becausethese labels(标签).The fact that so much food is thrown away is both socially 5 environmentally unacceptable. Socially, it is ascandal(丑事) that people are going 6 (hunger) and using food banks when so much produce is being wasted. Environmentally, it is a disaster, because energy and resources 7 (waste) in production. Supermarkets should becalled on to help by 8 (sell) vegetables that have a funny shape.It’s ridiculous 9perfectly good vegetables are wasted 10 (simple) because they're a funny shape.t. Thus, they shouldn’t waste so much.Honestly speaking, t hese vegetables don’t cook or taste any differen三、短文改错Everybody has an idol(偶像) in their hearts, but most people’s idols are stars from TV shows and movies. As forme, I like to watch all kinds of sports and my most favorite player is Li Na. Li Na, the most powerfully femaleathlete in China, is favoring by fans all around the world. She becomes the first Asian tennis player to making suchgreat break-through. She is the pride of China. Though she has retired, his spirit inspires me all time. Though sheno longer competed in the match, the fans remember her. She is one of the greatest player in Chinese history.四、书面表达为题发表演讲，呼吁大家为假如你是中学生李华，你市正在创建文明城市，请以“Changes I have seen”“创建文明城市”做贡献。
2020届北京市第五中学分校高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AYou have to praise the smoothness（顺畅）of ants on the move. No matter how many of them are going toward a place, there's never a hold-up. A new research paper shows how ants keep traffic flowing by changing their behavior to meet changing conditions.For their experiments, researchers from the University of Toulouse focused on Argentine ants, animals that often move from colony（群落）to colony depending on where the food is. Making use of Argentine ants' talent for fast travel, the researchers built bridges connecting their colonies. The bridges were different in width from a fifth to three-quarters of an inch. The colonies, too, were of different sizes, ranging from 400 to more than 25,000 ants.Then the researchers sat back andmonitoredthe traffic. To their surprise, even when those narrower bridges were full of ants, there were no "traffic accidents". "When the number of ants on the bridge increased, ants seemed to be able to understand the situation and adjusted（调整）their speed accordingly to avoid making the traffic flow stop. "the authors note. "Moreover, ants avoided entering a busy road and made sure that the bridge was never too packed to cross.”The lesson for humans? The traffic problem may lie in our inability to adjust our driving habits for the good of the whole. Driving is fun when there are few cars on the road. Then the traffic moves very slowly. And yet, some impatient driver still acts like he's alone on the road.The research suggests that projects, like the ever-widening of highways, may never free us from traffic jams. As long as we drive along with our own habits, no matter how many other people are on the road, we'll always end up in a traffic jam. Indeed, less space may actually be a good thing. It leaves less room for individual choice and forces us to take a page from the driving book of ants.1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The results of the experiments.B. The purpose of the experimentsC. The preparation of the experiments.D. The requirements of the experiments2. What does the underlined word "monitor" in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. watch and check.B. seek and improveC. design and planD. discuss and practise3. What is the best title for the text?A. Is widening highways a solution?B. Why don't ants need traffic lights?C. Can we learn safe driving from ants?D. What can ants teach us about traffic jams?BIn a world simultaneously on fire and underwater thanks to climate change, scientists have announced some good news: Several important tuna (金枪鱼) species have stepped back from the edge of extinction.The unexpectedly fast recovery speaks to the success of efforts over the past decade to end overfishing. But tuna are not the only species scientists are discussing at the 2021 World Conservation Congress in Marseille, France, which is organized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Researchers caution that many other marine species remainimperiled. For instance, more than a third of the world's sharks remain threatened with extinction due to overfishing, habitat loss, and climate change.“I think the good news is that sustainable fisheries are possible,” says Beth Polidoro, a marine biologist at Arizona State University. “We can eat fish in a proper way and without driving the population to the point where it is on the road to collapse or extinction."At the same time, she warned that the changes in status should not be an reason to catch as many fish as we want.The IUCN, which ranks the world's most endangered species on its Red List of Threatened Species and is backed by 16,000 experts across the globe, also announced at the meeting that some animals are moving in the other direction, onto the Red List. One notable example is the Komodo dragon, an island-living lizard at particular risk from climate change.For the better part of two decades, Polidoro has been part of a specialist group tasked with assessing the statuses of more than 60 species of tuna and billfishes for the IUCN.Her team announced its first comprehensive findings in 2011, mentioning that a number of commercially fished tuna species were dangerously close to disappearing.According to the new data, the Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), once listed as endangered, now qualifies for a status of least concern. As does the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga), which were both considered near-threatened the last time they were assessed.4. What does the underlined word “imperiled” in paragraph 2 mean?A. EndangeredB. ConservedC. ExtinctD. Safe5. What can we infer from Polidoro's words?A. Too many fish are being eaten by human beings.B. Eating fish does not necessarily lead to its extinction.C. Fish species are on the edge of dying out if no action is taken.D. The situation of underwater species are changing for the better.6. Which of following statement is true according to the passage?A. Some Tuna species are wiped out by overfishing.B. Tuna are ranked as the world's most endangered species.C. Climate change poses a threat to most species in water and on land.D. Three tuna species have been saved from extinction according to the data.7. What's the main idea of the passage?A. Some tuna species are reported endangered recently.B. IUCN has helped saved a great many marine species.C. Improvement has been made in saving marine species.D. Great efforts should be made to conserve species underwater.CBorn in 1954, Oprah Winfrey is best known for her multi-award-winning talk show as the most influential woman in the world. It's no surprise that her recognition can bring overnight sales fortune that defeats most, if not all, marketing campaigns. The star features about 20 products each year on her "Favorite Things" show. There's even a term for it: the Oprah Effect.Her television career began unexpectedly. When she was 16 years old, she had the idea of being a journalist to tell other people's stories in a way that made a difference in their lives and the world. She was on television by the time she was 19 years old. And in 1986 she started her own television show with a continuous determination to succeed at first.TIME magazine wrote, "People would have doubted Oprah Winfrey's swift rise to host of the most popular talk show on TV. In a field dominated by white males, she is a black female of big size. As interviewers go, she is no match for Phil Donahue. What she lacks in journalistic toughness, she makes up for in plainspoken curiosity, rich humor and, above all understanding. Guests with sad stories to tell tend to bring out a tear in Oprah's eye. They, in turn, often find themselves exposing things they would not imagine telling anyone, much less a national TV audience.""I was nervous about the competition and then I became my own competition raising the bar every year, pushing, pushing, pushing myself as hard as I knew. It doesn't matter how far you might rise. At some point you are likely to fall if you' re constantly doing what we do, raising the bar. If you' re constantly pushing yourself higher, higher the law of averages, you will at some point fall. And when you do, I want you to know this, remember this: there is no such thing as failure. Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction" as Oprah addressed graduates at Harvard on May 30.8. What does the Oprah Effect refer to in the first paragraph?A. the influence on talk show hostsB. the power of Oprah's opinions.C. the effect on a business.D. the audience of Oprah's talk show.9. What can be inferred about Oprah's television career?A. She must have been challenged a lotB. She gained fame as planned.C. It lives up to her parents' expectation.D. She once gave up on her choice.10. What message did Oprah give to Harvard graduates?A. Success comes after failure.B. Pushing physical limits makes no senseC. Aiming higher hurtsD. Failure is part of life.11. Which of the following best describes Oprah Winfrey?A. Friendly.B. HumorousC. Determined.D. PatientDWe are in lack of enough sleep, according to Arianna Huffington, the co-founder and editor-in-chief of The Huffington Post. And thishas great consequences on our health, our job performance, our relationships and our happiness. What is needed, she ly declares, is nothing short of a sleep revolution. Only by renewing our relationship with sleep can we take back control of our lives.In her bestseller Thrive, Arianna wrote about our need to redefine success through wellbeing, wisdom, wonder, and giving. Her discussion of the importance of sleep as a gateway to this more fulfilling way of living struck such a powerful chord (弦) that she realized the mystery and transformative power of sleep called for a fuller investigation (调查).The result is a scientifically sweeping and personal exploration of sleep from all angles, from the history of sleep, to the role of dreams in our lives, to the consequences of sleep deprivation (剥夺), and the new golden age of sleep science that is showing the vital role sleep plays in our every waking moment and every aspect of ourhealth — from weight gain, diabetes, and heart disease to cancer and Alzheimer’s.In The Sleep Revolution, Arianna shows how our cultural removal of sleep as time wasted damages our health and our decision-making and our work lives and shortens our personal lives. She explores all the latest science on what exactly is going on while we sleep and dream. She decides the dangerous sleeping pill industry, and all the ways of our addiction to technology disturb our sleep. She also offers a range of recommendations and tips from leading scientists on how we can get better and more restorative sleep.In today’s fast-paced, always-connected and sleep-deprived world, our need for a good night’s sleep is more important than ever. The Sleep Revolution both sounds the alarm on our worldwide sleep crisis and provides a detailed road map to the great sleep awakening that can help transform our lives, our communities, and our world.12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The importance of sleep.B. The necessity of improving sleep.C. The way to improve our sleep.D. The effect of sleep on health.13. What can be inferred about Arianna’s attitude to success?A. She thinks good sleep is more important.B. She doesn’t think much of becoming successful.C. She thinks it wrong to sacrifice health to success.D. She is concerned about the nature of success.14. What can be said about Arianna’s investigation?A. It is really of great value.B. It is scientific and historical.C. It costs Arianna’s sleep in practice.D. It covers all necessary aspects scientifically,15. What influence does TheSleep Revolution have on society?A. It helps to slow down the pace of modern life.B. It warns people against taking sleeping pills.C. It warns the harm of inadequate sleep of people.D. It helps to stress the value of sleep to success.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年北京市怀柔区第五中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFour Best Cities to Visit in WinterCold rains, icy sidewalks and gray skies can make winter travel a trial. But here are four cities around the world that make for a great cold-weather destination:Prague,Czech RepublicWith its snow-capped spires and winding streets,Pragueis a fairytale city that remains ly tourist-free in winter.The amazing architecture looks even prettier under a sheet of snow, with one of the most beautiful areas being the old town, with its Romanesque vaults. Gas street lamps have been placed throughout the city center, adding a romantic color1 to evenings. Cafes here are ideal for escaping the bitter cold.Salzburg,AustriaWith its Christmas songs and traditional markets, this is a perfect city for a winter break. “Silent Night” was performed for the first time in thechurchofOberndorfon the border ofSalzburgon Christmas Eve in 1818.The city's main market is held in the shadow ofSalzburg'sHohensalzburgCastle, but the one held inMirabell Squareis especially popular with food lovers who come to taste local food such as halusky—pieces of dumpling mixed with fried bacon.Tromso,NorwayTromso is widely regarded asNorway's most beautiful city and is a base for spoiling the northern lights. There are several attractive museums, including thePolarMuseum, which offers an insight into the history of Arctic expeditions, and theTromsoMuseum, which is famous for its Sami exhibitions.Amsterdam,NetherlandsIn winter,Amsterdam' s museums are much less crowded, making it the time to visit attractions such as Rijksmuseum or the Anne Frank House. Built originally to house a circus, the Royal Carre Theater is more than 130 years old. Children will love the spectacular performances.1. What can you do inPrague?A. Enjoy the fascinating architecture.B. Taste local food halusky.C. Appreciate Sami exhibitions.D. Watch a circus performance.2. Where was “Silent Night” first performed?A. In thechurchofOberndorf.B. InHohensalzburgCastle.C. InMirabell Square.D. In the Polar Museum.3. Which city will you choose if you want to see the northern lights?A. Prague.B. Salzburg.C. Tromso.D.Amsterdam.BChina's Mars probe Tianwen-1 successfully landed on the surface of the red planet on May 15, 2021, leaving a Chinese footprint on Mars for the first time and in its first attempt, becoming the only other nation besides theUSto get such an achievement. The Tianwen-1 probe touched down at its pre-selected landing area in the southern part of Utopia Planitia, a wide plain on Mars, at 7:18 a.m.(Beijing Time), after three months scanning the whole planet on Mars docking orbit, the China National Space Administration(CNSA) announced.Tianwen-1, including an orbiter, a lander and a rover, was launched from the 'Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site on the coast of southernChinas islandprovinceofHainanon July 23, 2020. It was the first step inChina's planetary exploration of the solar system, with the aim of completing orbiting, landing and roving on the red planet in one mission. According to the administration, the country's first Martian probe will conduct scientific investigations about the Martian soil, environment, atmosphere as well as water.China's planetary exploration program has been named “Tianwen”, which was named after a long poem by the famous ancient poet Qu Yuan. The name represents the Chinese nation's willpower in pursuing truth, the country's cultural inheritance of its understanding of nature and universe, as well as the unending exploration in science and technology.China's first Mars rover has been named “Zhurong”, which means the god of fire in an ancient Chinese story. The name indicates Chinese people's blessing for the rover to light the flame ofChina's planetary exploration. The rover has six wheels and four solar panels, and carries 13 scientific instruments. According to the CNSA, Zhurong has started its scientific exploration after moving from the landing platform onto the Red Planet's surface on May 22.More than 40 Mars missions have been launched since the 1960s, but only about half have succeeded. It is the first time in the world that orbiting, landing and roving on Mars has been completed in one launch mission, andChinahas come to the forefront of Mars exploration in the world.4. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A. China is the only nation to launch a probe to Mars.B. Tianwen-1 landed in the northern part of the planet.C. Tianwen-1 scanned the southern part of the planet.D. The Mars probe will carry out scientific investigations.5. How did the planetary exploration program get its name?A. From a long poem by Qu Yuan.B. From an ancient Chinese story.C. From Chinese nation's willpower.D. From theChinaNational Space Administration.6. Why does the author sayChinahas come to the leading position of Mars exploration?A. The rover carried many scientific instruments.B. China completed three tasks in one attempt.C. The rover successfully moved from the landing platform onto Mars.D. The CNSA is continuously exploring science and technology.7. What is the text mainly about?A. Tianwen-1 completed its mission.B. Tianwen-1 represented the god of fire.C. Tianwen-1 successfully landed on Mars.D. Tianwen-1 was launched from Wenchang.CMusic is said to be a universal language. But for Chase Burton, a deaf filmmaker fromTexas, music has always been a totally different experience.“When I was a kid, I’d lie on the floor so I could feel the vibrations (震动，颤动) from my brother’s band rocking out below my body, ” the 33-year-old man said. “That was one of the first times I began building a relationship with music.”In 2016, his ability to experience music changed dramatically, thanks to California-based technology company Not Impossible Labs. It designed a vibrating suit that enables deaf people to “feel” music through their skin. Consisting of a body harness (背带), ankle and wrist belts, the suit translates audio into a range of vibrating pulses that are felt at 24 contact points.Burtonhas been trialing the suit for four years.“The sound hits different parts of your body, ” saidBurton. “Maybe it will strikeme down in my ankles first. And then I’ll start to feel the vibrations in my back. And then I’ll feel some pulsations in my wrist.”The creators want to extends the tactile (触觉) musical experience beyond the deaf community. In 2018, they gave out 150 of the suits at a rock concert inLas Vegaswhere half the audience members were deaf and half wereable to hear.Since then, Not Impossible Labs has been working to improve the technology and says it’s ready to go to market soon. Eventually, the creators want the suit to become a consumer product, accessible to all. The company’s talent and business development director, Jordan Richardson, said that the technology could be used in live sports broadcasts, video games and theme parks.As a writer and director who’s been working to make the movie world more accessible,Burtonhopes that the vibrating suit will be available to his film audiences in the future. He believes the suit canenhanceemotions while watching a movie – for hearing as well as deaf people. “I see the tech as a real opportunity to help people understand that music for movies doesn’t always need to be enjoyed through the ears”.8. Why would Chase Burton lie on the floor when he was a kid?A. To feel some pulsations in his wrist.B. To feel the vibrations from his brother’s band.C. To expand the tactile musical experience.D. To begin building a bond with films.9. What do we know about Not Impossible Labs from the passage?A. It was started by Chase Burton in 2016.B. Its products have been used in live sports broadcasts.C. It is a technology company based inCalifornia.D. Its administrative director is Jordan Richardson.10. Which can replace the underlined word “enhance” in the last paragraph?A. createB. expressC. coverD. strengthen11. What is the best title for the passage?A. Vibrating Suit Allows Deaf People to “Feel” MusicB. Tech Company Provides Free Suits for Deaf PeopleC. Deaf People Enjoy Rock Music with Free SuitD. Movies Need to Be Enjoyed Through the EarsDMark Bertram lost the tips of two fingers at work in 2018 when his hand became trapped in a fan belt. “It’s life-changing but it’s not life-ending,”he says.After two surgeries and occupational therapy, Bertram decided to ask Eric Catalano, a tattoo artist, to createfingernail tattoos. The idea made everyone in the studio laugh—until they saw the final result. “The mood changed,” Catalano recalls from his Eternal Ink Tattoo Studio in Hecker, Illinois. “Everything turned from funny to wow.”Catalano posted a photo of the tattoos, and it eventually was viewed by millions of people around the world. The viral photo pushed Catalano, 40, further into the world of paramedical tattooing. Now people who want to cover their life-altering scars come from as far away as Ireland to visit his shop.Leslie Pollan, a dog breeder, was bitten on the face by a puppy. She underwent countless surgeries but those gave her no hope. She ultimately traveled six hours for a session with Catalano. HecamouflagedPollan’s lip scar, giving her back confidence.Though he is now known for his talent with intricate fingernail, Catalano uses the techniques he picked up years ago while helping breast cancer survivors. Those tattoos are among the most common paramedical requests. His grandmother had breast cancer, and her battle with the disease is one reason Catalano is so dedicated to helping those with the diagnosis.Catalano performs up to eight reconstructive tattoos each “Wellness Wednesday”. While he charges $100 per regular tattoo, he doesn’t charge for paramedical tattoos: A GoFundMe page established last year brought in more than $16,000, allowing Catalano to donate his work.“Financially, it doesn’t make sense,” Catalano says. “But every time I see emotions from my customers, I am 100 percent sure this is something that I can’t stop doing.”12. How did people in the studio react to Bertram’s idea at first?A. They took it lightly.B. They found it creative.C. They were confused.D. They were impressed.13. What does the underlined word “camouflaged” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Exposed.B. Hid.C. Ignored.D. Removed.14. What does Catalano say about his work with paramedical tattoos?A. It is flexible.B. It is demanding.C. It is profitable.D. It is rewarding.15. Which of the following can best describe Catalano?A. Humorous and experienced.B. Devoted and generous.C. Cooperative and grateful.D. Professional and tolerant.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
