led的发光机理

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IEEEPHOTONICSTECHNOLOGYLETTERS,VOL.21,NO.1,JANUARY1,200933

EfficientAlternatingCurrentOperatedWhite

Light-EmittingDiodeChip

GrigoryA.Onushkin,Young-JinLee,Jung-JaYang,Hyung-KunKim,Joong-KonSon,Gil-HanPark,andYongJoPark

Abstract—Thestructureofasinglelight-emittingdiode(LED)chipforoperationunderhighvoltagealternatingcurrent(ac)con-ditionswasproposed.ThechipwasdesignedandfabricatedasanintegratedcircuitwithseveralisolatedLEDstructuresgrownonasingleinsulatedsapphiresubstrate.TheefficientblueLEDchipforoperationdirectlyfrom220-Vacpowersourcehasbeendesigned,fabricated,andanalyzed.ThewhiteacoperatedLED(ACOLED)chipdemonstratesavalueofaveragedluminousflux320lmandluminousefficiency80lm/Wunderoperationfrom220-Vacsourcewith4Wofpowerconsumption.TheladdertypeofcircuitandtheefficientACOLEDchipconfigurationresultsinproficientopera-tionunderacconditions.

IndexTerms—Arrays,galliumcompounds,integratedcircuitdesign,light-emittingdiodes(LEDs),sapphire,semiconductordevicefabrication.

I.INTRODUCTION

DURINGrecentyears,semiconductorblueInGaN-based

light-emittingdiodes(LEDs)becameveryattractive

asefficientlightsourcesformobile,automotive,andgeneral

lightingapplications.Thebestachievedluminousefficiency

134lm/Wwasreportedfora11mmwhitepowerLED

structure[1]under1-Wdirectcurrent(dc)operatingcon-

ditions.Ingenerallightingapplications,acompactac/dc

convertershouldbeusedinonelightingfixturetosupply

dccurrenttoLEDchips.Limitedlifetime,lowpowerfactor

correction[2]PFC,andlimitedconversionefficiency(around80%)ofcompactac/dcconverterscanremarkably

reduceadvantagesofanLED-basedlightingmodule.Another

promisingsolutionforsolidstatelightingapplicationsisanac

operatedLED(ACOLED)chip,whichcanbefabricatedasa

singlechiponaninsulatingwaferandcanoperatedirectlyfrom

ahighvoltageacsourcewithoutanac/dcconverter.Inthis

case,theefficiencyandlifetimearelimitedonlybyACOLED

chipperformance.

TwokindsofconfigurationsofACOLEDchipsorarrayshave

beenreported[3]–[6].Therearethesimplecircuit[5],[6]with

twooppositeLEDlinesandtheWheatstonebridgetypecircuit

ManuscriptreceivedJune25,2008;revisedSeptember17,2008.Firstpub-lishedOctober31,2008;currentversionpublishedJanuary05,2009.TheauthorsarewiththeOpticalSystemLab,CorporateR&DInstitute,SamsungElectro-Mechanics,Suwon,Kyengi-Do,Gyunggi-Do443-743,RepublicofKorea(e-mail:grigory.onushkin@samsung.com;yjok.lee@samsung.com;jungja.yang@samsung.com;hyungkun.kim@samsung.com;jk11.son@samsung.com;gil.park@samsung.com;yongjo.park@samsung.com).Colorversionsofoneormoreofthefiguresinthisletterareavailableonlineathttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org.DigitalObjectIdentifier

10.1109/LPT.2008.2008204Fig.1.LadderelectricalcircuitofintegratedACOLEDchip(a)foroperationfroma220-Vacpowersourcewithbalanceresistor.Dashedandsolidlineswitharrowsshowacurrentpaththroughladdercircuitatpositiveandnegativepolarityofacsourcevoltage,respectively.(b)Timedependencesofcurrentandvoltagesforacsource,ACOLEDchip,and1-kOhmbalanceresistorat220-Vac60-Hz4-Woperationcondition.

[3],[4]withLEDsconnectedinseriesatbranchsides.Itiswell

knownthathighcurrentdensities,andhighjunctiontempera-

turesaremajorlimitingfactorsforefficientandreliableLED

operationunderhighpowerconditions.So,theoptimizationof

integratedACOLEDchipconfigurationforefficientoperation

requiresminimizingthetotalnumberofsingleLEDmesasand

increasingtheiractivearea.

Inthiswork,wedesigned,fabricated,andanalyzedasingle

whiteACOLEDchip,whichhavealaddertypeofelectrical

circuit[Fig.1(a)].Thisstructure,asfarasabridgetypeof

ACOLEDconfiguration,had24%–28%lesssinglemesaLEDs

thanthesimpleconfiguration[5],[6],whichresultsinprofi-

cientopticalperformance[3],[4].But,incontrasttothebridge

configurations[3],[4],theladdercircuitresultsinequivalent

distributionofreversebiasamongLEDs,whichisessentialfor

reliablelong-timeoperation.Themaintargetofourworkwas

theoptimizationofACOLEDchipdesignforefficientandre-

liableoperationunder220-Vacconditionswith4Wofpower

consumption.

1041-1135/$25.00©2009IEEE34IEEEPHOTONICSTECHNOLOGYLETTERS,VOL.21,NO.1,JANUARY1,2009

Fig.2.Variationoflightemissiondistributionfor4.224.2mmblueACOLEDchipunder(a)positiveand(b)negativebias.

II.EXPERIMENT

AnewconfigurationforACOLEDchipwasproposed.Ithas

aladderstructureofanelectricalcircuit[7][Fig.1(a)].This

circuitconsistedofladderelementsmarkedbydottedrectan-

glesinFig.1(a).Eachladderelementconsistedofone“cen-

tralLED”(verticalLEDsinFig.1(a),ortiltedLEDsinFig.2)

andtwo“sideLEDs”(horizontalLEDsinFig.1(a),orsquare

shapedLEDsinFig.2).Theladderelementsareconnectedto

eachother,asshowninFig.1(a).The“centralLEDs”emitthe

lighttwiceataperiodandeach“sideLED”emitsonceape-

riodatpositive[Fig.2(a)]ornegative[Fig.2(b)]polarityofac

voltageonACOLEDchipterminals.Theladdercircuitcanhave

24%–28%lesssinglemesaLEDsincomparisonwithsimple