led的发光机理
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IEEEPHOTONICSTECHNOLOGYLETTERS,VOL.21,NO.1,JANUARY1,200933
EfficientAlternatingCurrentOperatedWhite
Light-EmittingDiodeChip
GrigoryA.Onushkin,Young-JinLee,Jung-JaYang,Hyung-KunKim,Joong-KonSon,Gil-HanPark,andYongJoPark
Abstract—Thestructureofasinglelight-emittingdiode(LED)chipforoperationunderhighvoltagealternatingcurrent(ac)con-ditionswasproposed.ThechipwasdesignedandfabricatedasanintegratedcircuitwithseveralisolatedLEDstructuresgrownonasingleinsulatedsapphiresubstrate.TheefficientblueLEDchipforoperationdirectlyfrom220-Vacpowersourcehasbeendesigned,fabricated,andanalyzed.ThewhiteacoperatedLED(ACOLED)chipdemonstratesavalueofaveragedluminousflux320lmandluminousefficiency80lm/Wunderoperationfrom220-Vacsourcewith4Wofpowerconsumption.TheladdertypeofcircuitandtheefficientACOLEDchipconfigurationresultsinproficientopera-tionunderacconditions.
IndexTerms—Arrays,galliumcompounds,integratedcircuitdesign,light-emittingdiodes(LEDs),sapphire,semiconductordevicefabrication.
I.INTRODUCTION
DURINGrecentyears,semiconductorblueInGaN-based
light-emittingdiodes(LEDs)becameveryattractive
asefficientlightsourcesformobile,automotive,andgeneral
lightingapplications.Thebestachievedluminousefficiency
134lm/Wwasreportedfora11mmwhitepowerLED
structure[1]under1-Wdirectcurrent(dc)operatingcon-
ditions.Ingenerallightingapplications,acompactac/dc
convertershouldbeusedinonelightingfixturetosupply
dccurrenttoLEDchips.Limitedlifetime,lowpowerfactor
correction[2]PFC,andlimitedconversionefficiency(around80%)ofcompactac/dcconverterscanremarkably
reduceadvantagesofanLED-basedlightingmodule.Another
promisingsolutionforsolidstatelightingapplicationsisanac
operatedLED(ACOLED)chip,whichcanbefabricatedasa
singlechiponaninsulatingwaferandcanoperatedirectlyfrom
ahighvoltageacsourcewithoutanac/dcconverter.Inthis
case,theefficiencyandlifetimearelimitedonlybyACOLED
chipperformance.
TwokindsofconfigurationsofACOLEDchipsorarrayshave
beenreported[3]–[6].Therearethesimplecircuit[5],[6]with
twooppositeLEDlinesandtheWheatstonebridgetypecircuit
ManuscriptreceivedJune25,2008;revisedSeptember17,2008.Firstpub-lishedOctober31,2008;currentversionpublishedJanuary05,2009.TheauthorsarewiththeOpticalSystemLab,CorporateR&DInstitute,SamsungElectro-Mechanics,Suwon,Kyengi-Do,Gyunggi-Do443-743,RepublicofKorea(e-mail:grigory.onushkin@samsung.com;yjok.lee@samsung.com;jungja.yang@samsung.com;hyungkun.kim@samsung.com;jk11.son@samsung.com;gil.park@samsung.com;yongjo.park@samsung.com).Colorversionsofoneormoreofthefiguresinthisletterareavailableonlineathttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org.DigitalObjectIdentifier
10.1109/LPT.2008.2008204Fig.1.LadderelectricalcircuitofintegratedACOLEDchip(a)foroperationfroma220-Vacpowersourcewithbalanceresistor.Dashedandsolidlineswitharrowsshowacurrentpaththroughladdercircuitatpositiveandnegativepolarityofacsourcevoltage,respectively.(b)Timedependencesofcurrentandvoltagesforacsource,ACOLEDchip,and1-kOhmbalanceresistorat220-Vac60-Hz4-Woperationcondition.
[3],[4]withLEDsconnectedinseriesatbranchsides.Itiswell
knownthathighcurrentdensities,andhighjunctiontempera-
turesaremajorlimitingfactorsforefficientandreliableLED
operationunderhighpowerconditions.So,theoptimizationof
integratedACOLEDchipconfigurationforefficientoperation
requiresminimizingthetotalnumberofsingleLEDmesasand
increasingtheiractivearea.
Inthiswork,wedesigned,fabricated,andanalyzedasingle
whiteACOLEDchip,whichhavealaddertypeofelectrical
circuit[Fig.1(a)].Thisstructure,asfarasabridgetypeof
ACOLEDconfiguration,had24%–28%lesssinglemesaLEDs
thanthesimpleconfiguration[5],[6],whichresultsinprofi-
cientopticalperformance[3],[4].But,incontrasttothebridge
configurations[3],[4],theladdercircuitresultsinequivalent
distributionofreversebiasamongLEDs,whichisessentialfor
reliablelong-timeoperation.Themaintargetofourworkwas
theoptimizationofACOLEDchipdesignforefficientandre-
liableoperationunder220-Vacconditionswith4Wofpower
consumption.
1041-1135/$25.00©2009IEEE34IEEEPHOTONICSTECHNOLOGYLETTERS,VOL.21,NO.1,JANUARY1,2009
Fig.2.Variationoflightemissiondistributionfor4.224.2mmblueACOLEDchipunder(a)positiveand(b)negativebias.
II.EXPERIMENT
AnewconfigurationforACOLEDchipwasproposed.Ithas
aladderstructureofanelectricalcircuit[7][Fig.1(a)].This
circuitconsistedofladderelementsmarkedbydottedrectan-
glesinFig.1(a).Eachladderelementconsistedofone“cen-
tralLED”(verticalLEDsinFig.1(a),ortiltedLEDsinFig.2)
andtwo“sideLEDs”(horizontalLEDsinFig.1(a),orsquare
shapedLEDsinFig.2).Theladderelementsareconnectedto
eachother,asshowninFig.1(a).The“centralLEDs”emitthe
lighttwiceataperiodandeach“sideLED”emitsonceape-
riodatpositive[Fig.2(a)]ornegative[Fig.2(b)]polarityofac
voltageonACOLEDchipterminals.Theladdercircuitcanhave
24%–28%lesssinglemesaLEDsincomparisonwithsimple