英语74有提示词的语法填空1 提示词为“动词”
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语法填空之有提示词(原卷版)在一篇约200词左右的短文中留出10个空白,部分空白后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。
语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用,强调词汇的变形。
同时强调语篇分析能力,凸显交际性和语境化特征。
有提示词的空处一般考查的是动、名、形、副。
一、有提示词解法思维导图(一)高频考点之一:提示词为动词1.考查谓语动词解题攻略若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;此时,应先考虑时态,考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态,然后考虑语态,最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题,来确定谓语动词的数。
举例1 While running regularly can't make youlive forever, the review says it ____分析:分析句子结构可知,前半句是由while引导的让步状语从句,后半句是主句,主句中(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 含有一个宾语从句,即it ...or swimming作says 的宾语。
又因此处是对客观情况的描述,应用一般现在时,再根据主谓一致原则可知,应填is。
举例2 Diets have changed in China — and so toohas its top crop. Since 2011, the country ____ (grow) more corn than rice.分析:分析句子成分可知,空格所在的句子中缺少谓语动词。
根据时间状语Since 2011可知,谓语动词需用现在完成时,根据句意可知应用主动语态,再根据主谓一致原则可知填hasgrown。
举例3 The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture findsthat between 2005 — when thegovernment ____ (start) a soil-testingprogram that gives specific fertilizerrecommendations to farmers — and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.分析:分析句子结构可知,when the government____ (start) a soil-testing program为关系副词when引导的定语从句,先行词为2005。
专题二语法填空 (一)考情归纳年份卷别体裁话题考点设置有提示词无提示词谓语动词非谓语动词名词形容词、副词代词数词冠词介词并列连词从属关联词其他2023年新高考Ⅰ卷说明文中国美食——小笼包/ 4 / 2 1 / 1 1 1 / /新高考Ⅱ卷记叙文在动物园教英语1 12 2 / / 1 1 1 1 /全国甲卷说明文寓言在今天的价值1 3 1 1 / 1 / 1 /2 /全国乙卷说明文北京的古老建筑和现代化2 3 1 1 / / / 1 1 1 /2022年新高考Ⅰ卷说明文大熊猫国家公2 2 1 1 / / 1 1 1 1 /根据近三年的高考试题可以看出,高考语法填空充分体现了“实词考查为主、虚词考查为辅”的命题原则,考法相应分为有提示词类和无提示词类填空。
考点设置有如下特点:1.有提示词类(实词):设置6-7小题派生为形容词有时也可以理解成分词。
名词0-1题。
主要考查可数名词的复数和派生为形容词或动词,也可能会考查名词的所有格。
形容词、副词1-2题。
主要考查形容词和副词相互转化,以及其反义词、比较级或最高级或考查形容词转化为名词。
低频考点代词0-1题。
一般给出人称代词的主格,要求考生填写其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词。
2.无提示词类(虚词):设置3-4小题高频考点介词0-1题。
主要考查常见介词的基本用法或者固定搭配中的介词,一般不涉及短语介词。
冠词0-1题。
重点考查定冠词和不定冠词的特指和泛指用法,以及固定搭配中的冠词,一般不涉及零冠词。
从属关联词0-2题定语从句侧重考查定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。
名词性从句名词性从句的连接代词和连接副词偶有涉及。
状语从句状语从句的引导词偶有涉及。
低频考点并列连词0-1题。
并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。
代词0-1题。
主要考查强调句型和it作形式主语或形式宾语。
其他语境填词0-1题。
主要考查强调句、倒装句或一般疑问句中的助动词do, does, did,有时也涉及连接性副词如however等。
所给提示词为动词的语法填空题解法作者:赖梅来源:《广东教育·高中》2014年第11期所给提示词为动词时,该动词一般是谓语与非谓语动词,这3分题大多考生是容易拿到的。
笔者就此类题的解法作一总结,与大家分享。
所给提示词为动词时,在高考语法填空中通常是一个谓语动词和一个非谓语动词,还有可能是词性转换题。
首先要分析句子结构,确定所给动词是不是在句子的主语后作谓语。
若是作谓语,应考虑:(1)时态;(2)语态;(3)主谓一致;(4)虚拟语气。
若是非谓语动词,应考虑:(1)非谓语动词的逻辑主语(普通的规律):如果逻辑主语是非谓语动作的发出者用 v-ing形式;逻辑主语是非谓语动作的承受者用v-ed形式;逻辑主语是非谓语动作的发出者但还未发生(在谓语动词之后发生)用不定式to do。
另外,作目的状语只能用动词不定式to do;在介词后只能用v-ing形式。
(2)是否为特别的情感类动词。
如,astonish, amaze, annoy, amuse, convince,delight, disappoint, encourage, excite, frighten, interest, please等,它们的-ed与-ing形式可作形容词,前者是自身感觉,后者是给人的感觉。
(3)考虑固定的系表结构。
如,be lost in (沉迷于),be seated (坐着),be hidden (躲),be absorbed in (沉溺于),be tired of (对……厌烦),be concerned about(关心,挂念),be determined to do (下决心做), be exhausted (=be very tired =be worn out疲惫不堪)等。
当这些短语作状语时,常常去掉be用过去分词作状语,表主语的状态。
即时练习1. Recently, they (build) a new house at this place.2. The interview only took ten minutes,but it (feel) like hours.3. All the preparations for the task __________(complete),and we’re ready to start.4. Usually,winners ___________(advise) not to publicize their address and phone number,but begging letters still arrive.5. Mr. Li,our English teacher,treats us as if we _________(be) his own children.6. With the ___________(arrive) of spring,the Dorritys took the children for an outing.7. The teacher’s words were a great ___________ (encourage)to him.8. On a journey,there are always so many people (meet) and interesting things to see.9. We read books and used anything we could find(make)candles to see the words.10. It was a treasure with gold and jewels, which took the best artists about ten years (make).11. I was lucky enough to have a chance (make) a trip into space.12. To be honest,a lot of people attach great importance to(become) rich and famous.13. Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without(follow).14. In the valleys we saw many cows and sheep (eat) green grass.15. (use)his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.16. There was a terrible noise (follow) the sudden burst of light.17. (follow) by some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.18. (give) more water, the trees could have grown better.19. (heat),liquids can be changed into gases.20. (disappoint) with the result of the experiment, she started a new one.21. (interest) in the book, he read it once again.22. We watched,(amaze) as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship.23. (surprise) and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.24. He left the place,(determine) never to come back.25. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, safe but (tire).26. After his journey from abroad, Richard Johns returned home,(exhaust).27. (lose/absorb) in deep thought,he didn’t hear the s ound.28. (dress) in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.29. Along the way children (dress) in long wool coats stopped to look at us.30. (wear) out after a long walk,Hellen called and said she couldn’t come t o the party.31. (tire) of the food, he said nothing and went out.32. (concern) about his safety, the parents called/rang him.答案与解析以下1~7题考查谓语动词与词性转换。
考点2 非谓语动词辨明题类所给提示词是动词时,若分句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,则要考虑非谓语动词。
此时需要确定非谓语动词的形式以及与逻辑主语的主被动关系,也可以借助固定结构进行解题。
技法点拨技法1 提示词为动词作非谓语时,根据句法功能确定非谓语动词的形式:1.提示词在句中作目的状语、意料之外的结果或者形容词后作状语时,应考虑用不定式。
(2023·贵州省毕节市高三一模)On this special day, people are eager (eat) the porridge believing it will bring peace and good health in the coming year.【答案】to eat【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:在这个特殊的日子里,人们都渴望喝腊八粥,相信腊八粥能在新的一年里带来安宁和健康。
be eager to do sth.意为“渴望做某事”,不定式作状语。
故填to eat。
2.提示词在句中作时间、伴随、条件、意料之中的结果、方式等状语时,应考虑用现在分词或过去分词。
(2023·河南省郑州市高中毕业年级一模)He is known for carrying his tennisrackets in a bamboo basket, (earn) him the name of “basket tennis boy”.【答案】earning【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:他以把网球拍放在竹篮里而闻名,因此被称为“篮网球男孩”。
分析句子结构可知,动词earn是整个主句伴随的结果,用现在分词,表示自然而然的结果。
故填earning。
3.提示词在句中作主语或宾语时,要考虑用动名词或不定式。
(2023·四川省南充市高三一模)There are over a dozen steps, from grinding (碾碎) tea for fine powder, to pouring hot water, stirring the mixture for thick froth,and finally (draw) the patterns.【答案】drawing【解析】考查非谓语动词。
04-1热点语法填空(全篇有提示词) 专练(新高考专用)从本系列专题《重难点04语法填空之题型剖析》中对三年(2020-2022)新高考卷语法填空题考情统计看:语法填空的选裁要么是说明文,要么就是记叙文;有提示词与无提示词占比一般为7:3,不过2022年新高考I卷为6:4,2023年高考是否维持6:4的比例或回归7:3的比例,笔者以为维持6:4的可能性最大。
1.提示词为动词:考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致;考查非谓语动词(不定式、-ing<又叫做动名词或现在分词>与过去分词)。
考查动词转换成名词(包括其复数形式)或者转换成形容词;另外特别要注意:由动词的-ing和过去分词转化而来的形容词。
2.提示词为名词:考查可数名词的复数、名词的所有格、名词转换为动词或形容词;3.提示词为形(副)词:考查形容词和副词间相互转换(多为形容词转换成副词),以及其比较级或最高级;4.提示词为代词:考查其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词以及反身代词。
此外,还有提示词为数词的:考查转换成序数词。
1.判别词性判别所给提示词的词性,为分析考向奠基,这也是解题所需要的最基本的要求;2.分析考向根据所给提示词的词性,借助《重难点04语法填空之题型剖析》中所介绍的有提示词考查热点解读内容分析命题的意图,即考向,以确保解题方向和方法的正确性;3.确定词形结合语境,借助语法、词法和句法确定答案的正确词形。
【经典考例】(改编自2022·新高考I卷)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___56___(cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the ___57___(one)national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___58___ (be)previously unprotected,bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___59___(increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be ___60___(official)set up next year. The GPNP___61___(design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___63___(population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___64___(eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.Giant pandas also serve as an umbrella species(物种), ___64___(bring)protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and ___65___(significant)improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.【语篇导读】中国计划设立大熊猫国家公园,以维护生态系统完整性和原真性,探索生态文明建设新模式,实现人与自然的和谐共生。
解题技巧语法填空题的命题形式分为有提示词和无提示词两种,其中以有提示词考查的比重最高,且考查对象以实词为主。
有提示词又分为动词、名词、形容词或副词、代词等几种类型,其中以考查动词、名词最为常见,其次是形容词、副词、代词。
以往代词都出现在无提示词类型中,在近两年考题中,代词也多出现在有提示词类型的考题中,故将其也归为有提示词类型中。
每种类型都对应着相应的解题方法。
掌握这些方法,能够帮助学生快速找到解题线索,以提升解题效率,获取高分。
一、提示词为动词当提示词是动词时,学生需要通过划分句子结构成分,来初步确定空白处是填谓语动词、非谓语动词,又或是需要进行词性转换。
如果作谓语,则要从时态、语态、主谓一致、虚拟语气等方面进行考虑。
不作谓语就要从不定式、过去分词、动词ing 形式等方面考虑。
两者均不是,则考虑词性的转化,此时需要学生结合上下文语境确定词语的类型。
如,2022年英语高考全国甲卷第67题:In the last five years ,Cao __(walk)through...and in 2016...Africa ’s highest mountain.解析:根据句子结构分析,推知空处填谓语动词。
该句以时间状语In the last five years 开头,表明时态需用现在完成时。
主语Cao 与提示词walk 之间构成主动关系,则在语态上使用主动语态。
另外,Cao 为第三人称单数,则谓语动词walk 也用单数形式,最后确定答案填写has walked 。
又如,2022年英语新高考Ⅰ卷第56题:___(cover)an areaabout...,the GPNP will be one of ...in the country.解析:依据句子结构分析,推知空处应填非谓语动词。
仔细观察与cover 有关的短语搭配,句子中未出现介词with ,故cover 的固定短语搭配不考虑。
接着探寻其逻辑主语,即the GPNP 与cover 之间是主动关系,the GPNP 是cover 的逻辑主语,需要用到cover 的ing 形式,又因为cover 位于句首,字母c 要大写,故填Cover-ing 。
第七十四讲有提示词的语法填空1提示词为“动词”一学习目标1.了解各个命题点二考点解析⊙有提示词提示词为动词命题点1.考查谓语动词若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态,还要注意主谓一致和虚拟语气。
①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 62.________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.分析:考查时态和语态。
分析句子结构可知,62空所在的句中没有谓语动词,故空处应填谓语动词。
前句的谓语动词是was,根据时态一致的原则,后句的时态也应用一般过去时,I与allow之间为动宾关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态。
故答案为was allowed。
②(2016·四川高考)However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother 69.________ (drive) the young panda away.分析:考查时态。
分析句子结构可知,69空所在句中没有谓语动词,故空处应填谓语动词。
此处是叙述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。
故答案为drove。
命题点2.考查非谓语动词若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词通常是非谓语动词,就要确定是v.-ing 形式,v.-ed形式,还是不定式。
一般来说,v.-ing形式表示主动、进行;v.-ed形式表示被动完成;不定式表示尚未发生的动作。
①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include 67.________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.分析:考查非谓语动词。
分析句子结构可知,67空所在的句子已经有谓语动词will include,且空处与will include不作并列谓语,故空处应填非谓语动词。
此处用动名词作include的宾语。
故答案为introducing。
②(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilled workers also bine various hardwoods and metal 63.________ (create) special designs.分析:考查非谓语动词。
分析句子结构可知,63空所在句已有谓语动词bine,且不与bine 作并列谓语,故填非谓语动词。
此处应用不定式作目的状语,故答案为to create。
③(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A study of travelers 68.________ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.分析:考查非谓语动词。
分析句子结构可知,68空所在句已有谓语动词names,且不与names 作并列谓语,故填非谓语动词。
study和conduct之间为被动关系,所以使用过去分词作定语。
故答案为conducted。
命题点3.考查词类转换有时所给提示词虽然是动词,但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词,而是要求进行词类转换。
①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61.________(attract).分析:考查词类转换。
表示最具吸引力的地方,应用名词形式。
故答案为attraction。
②(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)While there are 68.________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.分析:考查词类转换。
此处修饰stories,要用形容词,故用amazing。
但是,考生很容易写成amazed,amazedly,造成失分,因为amazing意为“令人惊讶的”,amazed意为“感到惊讶的”。
换言之,现在分词转换的形容词常常修饰事物,过去分词转换的形容词常常修饰人或者与人有关的事物。
横线后面是名词story,说明应该使用现在分词转换的形容词amazing。
三练习题1.With many people (share) one bus or train, there is less traffic and more importantly , less pollution.2.Which of the types of mass transit ________(describe) below are you familiar with?3. Australia, the last continent, was discovered by ships _______(belong) to some European nations in the seventeenth century.4. These nations were interested in changing it into a colony than in (explore) it.5.Settlements of the west part of both countries developed quickly after gold (discover) in America in 1849 and in Australia two years later.6.For instance, they care for how the mystery in the story _________(solve), but do not remember a single sentence in the story and cannot tell what preposition is used before a certain word in the speech of a certain character.7.Poor little girl! __________ (tremble) with cold and hunger, she crept along, a perfect picture of misery.8. In Logan, three people ____ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.9. …but it is not enough only _________ (memorize) rules from a grammar book.10. _______ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…11. _______ (plete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.12. Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ________ (succeed).13. He saw the stone, _____ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.”14. The headmaster went into the lab, ________ (follow) by the foreign guests.15. There will be a meeting, ____ (start) later this year to review the film.16. Lessons _____ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.17. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man ____ (sit) at the front. He____ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.18.Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car _________ (steal)19.Think of space. Perhaps a permanent station on the moon ________ (set up). Perhaps people will be able to visit the moon as visitors. Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed, ________ (permit) long journeys through the solar system.20.The sun was setting down when my car ______ ( break ) down near a remote and poor village .参考答案:1. sharing2. described3. belonging4. exploring5. Was discovered6. is solved7. trembling8. were taken9. to memorize 10. Speaking 11. To plete 12. to succeed 13. saying 14. followed 15. starting16. learned 17 .sitting / sit, was pretending 18. had been stolen19. will be set up, permitting 20 . broke。