(江苏)2020高考复习:专题11 特殊句式倒装、强调、主谓一致等常考点
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第一个我们来学习倒装句,倒装属于单选常考的知识点,而且也是写作中的较高级句式了。
一、倒装:完全倒装、部分倒装、形式倒装(假倒装)***倒装句口诀:地点全倒装,son也虚假关于完全倒装“地点全倒装”的意思是:句子中将表示地点、时间等方位位置或者时间的副词、介词等词提前时,句子要全部倒装。
全部倒装的句式结构:地点+谓语+主语。
1.表示地点方位位置的副词、介词,运动方位的副词(under,there,here,out,in,up,down,away,near,opposite……)、时间的副词(now,then)位于句首时, 句子要全部倒装。
A girl sits under the tree倒装后变为Under the tree sits a girl.注意完全倒装中,代词做主语不倒装.如果说这句话是代词做主语:She sits under the tree.那么即使是将描述地点的介词提前,这句话也不倒装,而是变为Under the tree she sits.练习题(1)A bus comes here.= _______________________________________________________ 练习题(2)Your turn comes now.= ____________________________________________________Here/there句型用一般现在时,代词做主语不倒装;Here you are. Here it is.关于部分倒装口诀的下半句中“S on也虚”对应部分倒装,我们来看一下部分倒装的结构。
部分倒装的句式结构:就是将部分倒装标志词提前以后,句子变为一般疑问句语序。
即:标志词+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+其他……S:So/such……that……(注意:“主倒从不倒”,也就是说是so/such所在的主句倒装,that后的从句不用倒),看例句:He speaks English so clearly that he can always make himself understood.=so是标志词,所以so clearly这个意群提前(举个例子来说意群:一辆出租车来了=来了一辆出租车,其中“一辆出租车”这几个字不能拆分,它就是一个意群),然后再将主句调整为上边说的部分倒装句式结构。
第7节特殊句式和主谓一致一、倒装1.完全倒装(1)当主语是名词时,将表示时间、方位或地点的副词或介词短语(如now,then,here,there,up,down,in,away,off,out,intheroom,onthewall等)置于句首,构成倒装。
Bythewindowsatayoungman withamagazineinhishand.窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志。
Thedooropenedand incameMrSmith.门开了,史密斯先生进来了。
(2)为了平衡句子结构,或使上下文衔接紧密,而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首,引起倒装。
Sitting atthebackoftheclassroom wereseveraloldteachers,listeningattentivelytothenewteacher.坐在教室后面的是几位老教师,他们在认真地听新教师的课。
(3)such置于句首时,后面的句子用倒装结构(此句型中的such多被认为是表语,所以such 后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致)SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcentury’sgreatestscientist.这就是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦,一个朴实的人,也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。
Suchisourhome inthefuture.这就是我们未来的家。
注意:当句子主语是代词时,不可完全倒装。
Away hewent.他走了。
2.部分倒装(1)“only+状语(从句)”位于句首时句子要用部分倒装;“only+主语”位于句首时句子不倒装。
Onlyinthiswaycan theexperimentsucceed.只有这样做,试验才能成功。
Onlyhisfather wasright.只有他的父亲是对的。
(2)否定副词not,seldom,little,hardly,never,nowhere及表示否定意义的介词短语bynomeans,innoway,atnotime,undernocircumstances等位于句首时。
高中英语知识点归纳句子的主谓一致和倒装结构主谓一致是英语语法中的一个基本概念。
在句子中,主语和谓语动词需要在人称和数上保持一致。
主谓一致的错误会导致句子结构混乱,使读者产生困惑。
另外,英语中还有一种特殊的句子结构,称为倒装结构。
倒装结构指的是将谓语动词放在主语之前,通常出现在某些特定的句子或语境中。
本文将对主谓一致和倒装结构进行归纳总结。
主谓一致结构要求主语和谓语动词在人称和数方面保持一致。
具体而言,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需要加上-s或-es。
例如:- He plays tennis every day.(他每天打网球。
)- The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。
)当主语是第一人称单数或复数时,谓语动词保持原形不变。
例如:- I love reading books.(我喜欢看书。
)- We study English every day.(我们每天学习英语。
)此外,在使用连接词(如and、or、but等)连接多个主语时,谓语动词的人称和数要与最靠近的主语保持一致。
例如:- Mary and Alice are good friends.(玛丽和爱丽丝是好朋友。
)倒装结构是英语中另一种常见的句子结构。
在倒装句中,谓语动词位于主语之前。
倒装结构的使用与特定的句子或语境有关。
以下是常见的倒装结构类型:1. 完全倒装结构:主语与谓语动词完全颠倒。
常用于以副词、介词短语或状语从句开头的句子中。
例如:- In the garden sat a beautiful girl.(花园里坐着一个漂亮的女孩。
)- Not only did he pass the exam, but he also got the highest score.(他不仅通过了考试,而且还获得了最高分。
)2. 部分倒装结构:只将助动词、情态动词或系动词放在主语之前,而谓语动词仍然位于主语之后。
高考英语倒装句总复习一、考点分析:倒装句概念:将某些句子成分移至句首而引起主语和谓语词序的颠倒,称为倒装(Inversion)。
e.g. Here comes the bus.(完全倒装)Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。
(部分倒装)二、专题精讲:倒装句的作用:可以平衡句子结构,丰富句式,强调部分内容等。
倒装句概述倒装句知识清单罗列知识点一:全部倒装(有时表地方)全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。
1.(有)there 引导的存在句属于完全倒装,常见动词包括:be, come, lie, happen, appear, seemThere is a book on the deskThere comes the bus.公交来了2.(时)表示时间的副词now, then 放在句首,句子的谓语动词是come,主语是名词(不能是代词)。
Now comes your turn.Then came a new difficulty.3.(表)分词短语放在句首,做表语,谓语动词是be,主语是名词。
Lying on the floor was a boy aged 17.Seated on the ground are a group of young people.4.(地)介词短语放在句首作状语,句子的谓语动词不是及物动词(如lie, stand, sit, exist, stretch, come)或系动词be,主语是名词。
In the doorway stood a man with a gun.5.(方)表示方位的副词(如up, down, in ,away, round, here, there)放在句首,句子的谓语动词是表示动作的不及物动词(如go, come, run, rush, fly),主语是名词。
解密12特殊句式(强调,倒装,祈使句,感叹句等)考点详解【考点解读】1. 掌握倒装的必备条件及倒装的具体应用。
2. 熟知强调句的基本结构及其疑问句句式、特殊疑问句式,注意其与结构相似的主从复合句的区别。
3. 掌握省略的一些基本原则,在行文中正确地使用省略。
4. 掌握祈使句、感叹句的基本形式及用法。
5. 掌握反意疑问句的构成和用法。
【命题趋势】近两年高考试卷中的语篇型语法填空题对特殊句式的考查很少,但强调句型、倒装句、there be 句型等均为高中教学的重点内容,所以在高考备考中,考生仍然需要掌握这部分内容,以便有充分的知识储备和较强的综合能力应对高考。
考向1 倒装倒装是英语中常见的一种语言现象,它具有强调、修饰等作用。
倒装可分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
一、完全倒装完全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用于一般现在时或一般过去时。
常见的结构有:1. There be句型:其中be可换成live, lie, stand, remain, exist, come, go, seem (appear/ happen/ used) to be等表示"存在"意义的词。
☛There entered a strange little man. 走进来一个奇怪而身材矮小的人。
☛Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前,海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。
2. 以here, there, off, out, in, up, down, away, now, then, on等表示方向、位置或时间、地点的副词开头的句子,谓语是come, go, be等动词时,并且其主语为名词时,通常使用完全倒装。
☛Now, here goes the story. 现在,这个故事是这样的。
☛Then came another question. 然后又一个问题被提出来了。
专题十一特殊句式(倒装、强调、主谓一致等)常考点近几年,高考中有关特殊句式注重考查知识之间的交叉,因此,也加大了在语境中综合考查语法知识的力度。
在考查强调句的同时,把定语从句、省略句以及强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句等融合到一起,考查学生综合把握语法知识的能力。
1强调句①构成和判断:“It is/was+被强调的部分(时间状语/地点状语/原因状语/方式状语/名词/代词/从句)+that(指人可用who)+句子的其余部分”。
如:It was because he was ill that he was absent.②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句。
如:Was_it on the street that_you met Tom?What_was_it_that made him upset?Do you know what_it_was_that_made_him_upset?[注]强调句型用于宾语从句时应用陈述语序。
③not until的强调句,其结构为“It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+句子剩余部分”。
如:It was not until I came back that he left.④强调谓语用“does/do/did+动词原形”。
如:He did come back yesterday.①In my opinion,Mr.White ________ good to his students in his class at present.A. does doesB. does didC. does doD. did do②—What did she want to know,Tom?—She wondered ________ we could complete the experiment.A. when was itB. it was when thatC. it was whenD. when it was that③It was on the farm________ they visited ________ they got to know.A. where;thatB. which;whenC. that;thatD. which;which④—________ that he managed to get the information?—Oh,a friend of his helped him.A. Where was itB. What was itC. How was itD. Why was it⑤It was about 600 years ago ________the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A. thatB. untilC. beforeD. when【答案】①C②D③C④C⑤A2it 用法①指代上文的同名同物。
如:There is no more than one copy left. Will you buy it?②作形式主语和形式宾语。
如:It is impossible to get there in time.I owe it to him that I can succeed.We should bring it to his attention that he should work hard.③like/dislike/hate/appreciate/prefer/want/stand/...+it+从句④depend on/rely on+it+从句;see to+it+从句⑤用于固定短语或句型中。
如:get it/make it/catch it/forget it/it's worth it/I can't help it/as sb. put it/mean it。
⑥指代时间、天气、距离、温度或在打电话、有人敲门等情形时。
①I dislike________ when people talk with their mouths full.A. itB. thatC. thisD. them②It worried her a bit________ her hair was turning gray.A. whileB. thatC. ifD. for③You must see to________ all the children are being taken good care of.A. thatB. itC. it thatD. whether④________ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger,more prosperous economy.A. AsB. ThatC. ThisD. It【答案】①A②B③C④D3倒装句①表方式或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首,主语是名词时要全部倒装,且不用进行时倒装。
若主语为人称代词则不倒装。
如:In came the teacher.老师进来了。
In he came. 他进来了。
②分词、形容词放在句首全部倒装。
如:Hanging on the wall are two pictures.③“Only+副词/介词短语/状语从句”放在句首时倒装(在强调句中不可倒装,not until也是如此)。
如:Only then did he realize he was wrong.Only when you work hard will you succeed.④否定词和否定短语(in no case,under no circumstances,on no account,in no way,on no condition,by no means,at no time)放在句首时倒装。
如:He said that under no circumstances would_he_give_up.⑤Hardly/Scarcely...when...=No sooner...than 用过去完成时,主句倒装。
如:Hardly had the football game begun when it started raining.=No sooner had the football game begun than it started raining.⑥not only...but (also)...中not only后的句子需倒装。
如:Not only is the young man clever but also he is hardworking.⑦表示“A...B也(不)...”,用so,neither/nor 倒装。
如:He speaks Chinese,and so do I.He doesn't speak Japanese,and nor/neither do I.⑧so/such... that...(如此……以至于) 放在句首时倒装。
如:Such a good teacher is_he that we all like him.So good is_the_teacher_that we all like him.⑨as表示“虽然” 时,用“名词(不带冠词)/形容词/副词/动词原形+as...”。
如:Child as he is,he knows a lot.⑩表虚拟语气中的had,were,should提到主语前。
如:Were it to rain tomorrow,I would not go there.=Should it rain tomorrow,I would not go there.Had I attended the meeting yesterday,I would have seen him.①Only when I left my parents for Italy ________ how much I loved them.A. I realizedB. I had realizedC. had I realizedD. did I realize②________,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A. Strange as might it soundB. As it might sound strangeC. As strange it might soundD. Strange as it might sound③I have been living in the United States for twenty years,but seldom________ so lonely as now.A. have I feltB. I had feltC. I have feltD. had I felt④So sudden________ that the enemy had no time to escape.A. did the attackB. the attack didC. was the attackD. the attack was⑤Not until ________ on TV ________ that the Chinese ship was rescued by the European UnionTask Force.A. I turned;did I knowB. did I turn;did I knowC. did I turn;I knewD. I turned;I had known【答案】①D②D③A④C⑤A4主谓一致①and连接同一个人、同一事物、同一概念时,谓语用单数。
如:The writer and worker is in the room.②动名词、不定式和从句作主语,谓语用单数。
如:Educating girls is very important.③度量衡、国家、报刊、组织、书等后的谓语用单数。
如:5,000 dollars is a large sum of money.④all of.../most of.../some of.../half of.../part of.../the rest of.../百分数/分数词/……后的谓语用单数或复数取决于所修饰的名词。