2019届上海市静安区高三上学期期末质量检测英语试题+Word版含答案

2019-2020年高三上学期期末学习质量检测英语含答案说明：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷。

满分150分。

答题时间120分钟。

2．请将第Ⅰ卷题目的答案选出后用28铅笔涂在答题卡对应题目的代号上；第Ⅱ卷用黑色签字笔将正确答案写在答题纸对应的位置上，答在试卷上作废。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共105分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1．Who is in favor of municating on line?A．The man and the woman's friends．B．The woman and the man's friends．C．The man and the woman．2．How is the food at the restaurant?A．Very good．B．Not expensive．C．Not fast but cheap．3．Where does this conversation probably take place?A．In a theater．B．In a supermarket．C．At the Barber's．4．What does the woman suggest the man do?A．Refuse his brother．B．Live with a friend of his．C．Find another room for his brother．5．Why was the woman surprised?A．She had lost her job．B．She didn't know the mayor．C．She was mistaken．第二节（共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分22．5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

Ⅱ. Grammar andVocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How Do Avalanches HappenIf you’re ever skiing in the mountains, you’ll want to be aware of avalanches. An avalanche is a sudden flow of snow down a slope, such as a mountain. The amount of snow in an avalanche (21) (vary) based on many things, but it can be such a huge amount that it can bury the bottom of a slope in dozens of feet of snow.Avalanches (22) be caused by natural things. For example, new snow or rain can cause built-up snow to loosen and fall down the side of a mountain. Artificial triggers（诱发因素）can also cause avalanches. For example, snowmobiles, skiers, and explosives (23) (know) to lead to avalanches.Avalanches usually occur during the winter and spring, (24) snowfall is greatest. As they are dangerous to any living beings in their path, avalanches have destroyed forests, roads, railroads and even entire towns.Warning signs exist that allow experts to predict -- and often prevent -- avalanches from (25) (occur). When over a foot of fresh snow falls, experts know to be on the lookout for avalanches. Explosives can be used in places (26) massive snow buildups to trigger much smaller avalanches that don’t pose a danger to persons or property.When deadly avalanches do occur, the moving snow can quickly reach over 80 miles per hour. Skiers caught in such avalanches can be buried under dozens of feet of snow. (27) it’s possible to dig out of such avalanches, not all are able to escape.If you get tossed about by an avalanche and find yourself (28) (bury) under many feet of snow, you might not have a true sense of which way is up and which way is down. Some avalanche victims have tried to dig their way out, only to find that they were upside down and digging (29) farther under the snow rather than to the top!Experts suggest that people caught in an avalanche try to dig around you (30) (create) a space for air, so you can breathe more easily. Then, do your best to figure out which way is up and dig in that direction to reach the surface and signal rescuers.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Under the terms of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Tready（不扩散核武器条约）, only five countries are considered to be “nuclear - weapon states.” China is one of them. This military achievement would have been 31 without the contribution of Deng Jiaxian, a leading organizer of China’s nuclear weap on programs.Deng went to the United States in 1948 for further study, and received a doctorate in physics two years later. Just nine days after graduation, the then 26-year-old returned to the newly - founded People’s Republic of China with 32 physics knowledge. He became a research fellow under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang and started his theoretical nuclear research in cooperation with Yu Min.From 1958 on, Deng spent over 20 years working 33 with a team of young scientists on the development of China’s first atomic and hydrogen bombs. Originally, they were prepared to receive training by experts from theSoviet Union. Soon after, however, the Soviet government tore up its 34 with China and removed all its experts. Deng had to lead the team of 28 members with an average age of 23 on a mission to 35 the mysterious power of atomic physics.There was ridicule（嘲笑）following the 36 of the Soviet experts that China wouldn’t be able to build an atomic bomb within 20 years. Deng said to his colleagues, “It is in the interest of the Chinese people to develop nuclear weapons. We must be willing to be unknown heroes for our lifetime. It is worth the risk of suffering, and it is worth our 37 to this cause.”As the leader of China’s atomic bomb design, Deng gave lessons himself and organized a team to translate and study the 38 foreign language materials. In the meantime, he never stopped thinking about the direction of atomic bomb development.Following the successful test of the first atomic bomb in 1964, Deng joined the research group led by Yu Min. They immediately started the design of the hydrogen bomb, which was 39 in 1967. From the first atomic bomb to the first hydrogen bomb, China spent only two years and eight months on development.Deng passed away in 1986 because of cancer. In the last month of his life, the 28-year secret experience of this great scientist was 40 , and his reputation began to spread throughout China. In 1999, along with 22 other scientists, he was awarded the special prize of “Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal” for his contribution to Chinese military science.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the Fake News Era, Building Trust with Consumers Is CrucialWith consumers growing increasingly frustrated with online advertising and privacy concerns, how to you convince shoppers to buy your narrative（叙述）, let alone your product?A recent report by Trust-Radius, a software review company that connects buyers and vendors（供应商）, may be able to shed some light. Among other interesting findings, it turns out that it may actually benefit brands to be painfully 41 about their products.Consumer awareness of influencer marketing tactics（策略）is increasing. 42 , according to the report, most consumers trust online peer 43 as much as recommendations from friends -- and well above company advertising message. Feedback from everyday folks, it seems, actually carries more 44 than a brand ambassador （大使）from an out-of-reach personality.Transparency（透明度）is crucial The report found that there is a large trust 45 between vendors and buyers. While vendors believe they are transparent, most buyers don’t appear to see it. During the sales process, for example, 85 percent of vendors -- 46 to be open about their product’s limitations during the sales process -- but only 36 percent of buyers share that same view. The reality is, consumers don’t expect any products to be 47 -- they just want to enter relationships with their eyes wide open so that they can 48 the options that are best for them. They also want brands to be more 49 . 66 percent of consumers say they will leave a company if they feel they are being treated like a number and not an individual.Along with the combination of take news, advertising fraud, and data leaks, there have been fake reviews as well. Review sites have been 50 giving preferential（优惠的）treatment to paid advertisers, and consumers are increasingly discerning（有辨别力的）, as a result. 51 , review sites are not our only source of peer reviews, with social media providing customer experiences on a second - to - second basis. When brands treat every 52 with a customer as a potential review, they’ll start paying more attention to detail, and being alert to delivering avalued and memorable experience every time. Taking feedback seriously also lets current customers feel valued and respected and makes your business seem more approachable. This helps secure 53 , and often, these customers will become brand ambassadors to their friends, family and people they meet online.The challenge for brands today is determining how to use the 54 of the consumer to their advantage. In an age of cutting - edge technology, artificial intelligence, and self-service customer care, it’s odd to acknowledge that the best way to build trust with your customers is by holding an open 55 with your customers. Being more human, transparent, and listening to what people are saying will see your company thrive in an era marked by consumer suspicion.41. A. nervous B. honest C. careful D. particular42. A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However43. A. reviews B. reactions C. experiences D. instructions44. A. weight B. risks C. warnings D. burdens45. A. relationship B. influence C. gap D. extension46. A. refuse B. hesitate C. desire D. claim47. A. advanced B. perfect C. remarkable D. unique48. A. consider B. offer C. select D. exercise49. A. efficient B. profitable C. human D. responsible50. A. associated with B. mistaken by C. praised as D. criticized for51. A. On the contrary B. In fact C. By contrast D. In a word52. A. cooperation B. complaint C. interaction D. appointment53. A. safety B. loyalty C. convenience D. employment54. A. money B. choice C. habit D. voice55. A. dialogue B. debate C. competition D. contractSection BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)As humanity has got richer, animal’s roles have changed. People need their services less than before. Fewer wolves and thieves meant less demand for dogs for protection; the internal combustion engine（内燃机）made horses unneeded; modern sanitation（卫生设备）kept rats in check and made cats less useful. No longer necessities, domestic animals became luxuries. Pet-keeping seems to kick in when household incomes rise above roughly $5,000. It is booming.The trend is not a new one. Archaeologists（考古学家）have found 10,000-year-old graves in which dogs and people are buried together. Some cultures -- such as in Scandinavia, where dogs have long been both working dogs and companions -- have kept pets for thousands of years. But these days the pet-keeping urge has spread even to parts of the world which have no tradition of sinking into a comfortable chair with a furry creature.The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them. No longer are they food - waste - recyclers, fed with the remains that fall from their masters’ tables. Pet - food shelves are full of delicacies crafted to satisfy a range of appetites, including ice cream for dogs and foods for pets that are old, diabetic or suffer from sensitive digestion; a number of internet services offer food, tailored to the pet’s individual tastes.In the business this is called “pet humanisation” -- the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of thefamily. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to -- in America -- Bella, Lucy and Max. It is evident in the growing market for pet clothing, pet grooming and pet hotels.People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “puppy - dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions. It has worked. The species that once enslaved others now works very hard to pay for the care of its pets. Sentimental（多愁善感的）Americans often refer to themselves not as cat-owners but as the cat’s“mommy” or “daddy”. South Koreans go one further, describing themselves as cat “butlers”. Watch an unlucky dog-walker trailing “his” hound（猎犬）, plastic bag in hand to pick up its mess, and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now?56.Which of the following trends is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A.People’s needs for animal services are decreasing.B.Both the pet number and the pet business are growing.C.Pets are increasingly making their owners less anxious.D.Pet foods are more various and customized than before.57.Which of the following is referred to as evidence of “pet humanization?”A.The names given to pets in American families nowadays.B.Pet’s inbuilt ability to affect emotions of their owners.C.Human beings ever rising urge for pet-keeping.D.Pet’s roles as both working staff and companions.58.Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?A.Pets should be treated as equals of their human masters.B.Human beings are getting much benefit from their pets.C.Pet-keeping is still restricted within certain parts of the world.D.Some pet owners spend too much money on their pets.59.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Changing Roles of AnimalsB. The Urge for Pet-keepingC. Who Owns WhomD. Love Me, Love My Dog(B)Depression hurts, Prozac can helpDepression isn’t just feeling down. It’s a real illness with real causes. Depression can be triggered by stressful life events, like divorce or a death in the family. Or it can appear suddenly, for no apparent reason.Some people think you can just will yourself out of a depression. That’s not true. Many doctors believe that one thing that may cause depression is an imbalance of serotonin -- a chemical in your body. If this happens, you may have trouble sleeping. Feel unusually sad or irritable easily. Find it hard to concentrate. Lose your appetite. Lack energy. Or have trouble feeling pleasure. These are some of the symptoms that can point to depression -- especially if they last for more than a couple of weeks and if normal, everyday life feels like to much to handle.To help fight depression, the medicine doctors now prescribe（开处方）most often is Prozac. Prozac isn’t a “happy pill”. It’s not a tranquilizer（镇静剂）. It won’t turn you into a different person.Some people do experience mild side effects, like upset stomach, headaches, difficulty sleeping, sleepiness, anxiety and nervousness. These tend to go away within a few weeks of starting treatment, and usually aren’t serious enough to make most people stop taking it. However, if you are concerned about a side effect, or if you develop a rash（皮疹）, tell your doctor right away. And don’t forget to tell your doctor any other medicines you are taking. Some people should not take Prozac, especially people an MAO inhibitors（单胺抑制剂）.As you start feeling better, your doctor can suggest therapy or other means to help you work through your depression. Prozac has been carefully studied for nearly 10 years. But remember, Prozac is a prescription medicine, and it isn’t right for everyone. Only your doctor can decide if Prozac is right for you -- or for someone you love. Prozac has been prescribed for more than 17 million Americans. Chances are someone you know is feeling sunny again because of it.60.All the following are true EXCEPT .A.It is easy to get rid of depression through tremendous determination.B.Sleep disorder is characteristic of depression symptoms.C.Depression can be caused by combination of factors.D.Depression is a psychological state taking the form of low mood.61.What can we learn about Prozac from this piece of information?A.Prozac is a newly developed drug to treat depression.B.patients who take Prozac can experience severe side a effects.C.A medical prescription is necessary for Prozac.D.Over 17 million Americans have been cured by Prozac.62.This piece of information is most probably .A.an introduction to a scientific projectB.a part of prescription drug instructionsC.a part of a research report in a medical journalD.an advertisement of a medicine for depression(C)Learning a second language is tricky at any age (and it only gets tougher the longer you wait to open that dusty French book). Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reading fluency in a second language seems to plummet: 10.The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native - level fluency if they st art learning a second tongue after 10. But that doesn’t seem to be because language skills go downhill. “It turns out you’re still learning fast. It’s just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. Children’s brains are more plastic than those of adults, meaning they’re better able to adapt and respond to new information. “All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and children’s brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.”Kids may also be more willing to try new things (and to potentially look foolish in the process) than adults are. Their comparatively new grasp on their native tongue may also be advantageous. Unlike adults, who tend to default（默认）to the rules and patterns of their first language, kids may be able to approach a new one with a blank slate（石板）.These findings may seems discouraging, but it was heartening for scientists to learn that the critical period for fluent language acquisition might be longer than they previously thought. Some scientists believed that the brief window closes shortly after birth, while others stretched it only to early adolescence. Compared to those estimates, 17 or 18 -- when language learning ability starts to drop off -- seems relatively old.“People fared better when thy learned by immersion（沉浸）, rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where our desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult. If that’s not an option, you can mimic an immersive environment by finding ways to have conversations with native speakers in their owncommunities,” Hartshorne says. By doing so, it’s possible to become conversationally proficient -- even without the advantage of a child’s brain.63.The word “plummet” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “”.A. plungeB. riseC. endD. vary64.What can be inferred from Joshua Hartshorne’s words?A.Age 10 -18 is the best time to learn a second language.B.Children are too young to grasp a second language.municating with native speakers enables you to master all the language skills.D.Adults go beyond the critical period for learning a second language.65.What might be the reason why adults can’t reach native - level fluency in a second language.A.Adults are less influenced by their mother tonguesB.Adults are only too willing to experience something awkward in the process.C.Adults spend more time responding to new information.D.Adults prefer an immersive environment to a classroom in learning a second language.66.The passage is mainly about .A.the approaches to learning a second languageB.the best age to learn a second language.C.why kids learn a second language more easily than adultsD.whether adults can learn a second language like their younger selvesSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentenceSearch for a Human Face for RobotsLooking for a $130,000 payday? Geomiq, a British engineering and manufacturing firm is searching for a “kind and friendly” face to be the face of a robot once it goes into production. “This will entail（需要）the selected person’s face being reproduced on potentially thousands of versions of the robots worldwide,” Geomiq says in a blog post about the project.Robots have been at the forefront of technology for decades, and are widely considered the future of our technological advancement. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, according to some estimates, robots designed to keep the elderly company are becoming increasingly common. (67)They do things like responding to voice commands, offering proactive（积极主动的）notifications and advice and letting relatives monitor conditions at home. There is still a long way to go but new robotic products are coming into fruition all the time. Geomiq says the robot line has been in the works for five years and will result in a companion for seniors.The designer has noted in an interview with a select press pool that they can’t release too many details at this stage. (68) The designer has also stressed that unsuccessful candidates will not be contacted. Thecompany says the need for anonymity（匿名）is due to the secretive nature of the project. However, it believes the robot will soon be “readily available” to the public and hopes the campaign will create extra buzz ahead of its eventual release. “We know that this is an extremely unique request, and signing over the licenses to your face is potentially an extremely big decision,” Geomiq said.(69) The designer has said that the project has been in development for five years, and in that time frame taken on investment from some independent venture capitals as well as a top fund based in Shanghai. the company says the robots’ purpose will be to act as a “virtual friend” for elderly people and is set to go into production next year.The blog past doesn’t share age or gender parameters（参数）. (70) Candidates who make it to the next phase will get full details on the project. “The secrecy,” Geomiq says, “is due to non-disclosure agreement it’s signed with the robot’s designer and investors.”Ⅳ.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do We Need Art in Our LivesNo one will be surprised to hear that the arts are under fire in this day and age. We view the arts as something of a hobby, something that’s fun but certainly can’t pay the rent. If it’s not a useful skill, no wonder arts funding is being cut in schools. Do we really need art in our lives?In schools, time and money is at a premium （稀有而珍贵）, now more than ever. With teachers having to fit so many lessons into every day. it’s easy to see why art is dropping more and more by the wayside. Budgets are dropping at an alarming rate, and what school is going to drop teaching in essential subjects such as math or science when they can drop art instead?It seems as though the loss of art in daily life is sad fact of life, but it doesn’t have to be. There are actually a lot of practical uses for art for many people. For example, art therapy has helped people with a range of illnesses, both mental and physical, cope with their symptoms. Art is found almost anywhere you look in your home. Practical items, such as bedspreads, furniture or clothing, are all art forms in themselves and arouse emotions in the people interacting with them.Art also gives us insight into the world. History tells us what happened and when it happened, but it can’t tell us how the population at large felt about it, which is where art steps in. We know a lot about how people in the past lived and worded, because their art has given us much a deep insight into their daily lives. We wouldn’t have that insight without it.Most of all, we need art in our lives as it gives us a form of self-expression. Being able to talk about our feelings is essential to staying healthy. You may not think ou talk about your feelings, but you may express them in other ways. Some like to cook or bake, some like to work machinery, and others may like to paint or draw. Whatever you like to do in your spare time, you’re probably creating art every day.So, do we need art in our lives? Many people would say no, but the art they’re thinking of is the art you see in galleries. Art is actually much more accessible and it truly needed in everyday life. It helps those in need, gives people in the future an idea of what life was like, and is a vital form of self-expression.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.学而不思犹如食而不化。

2023-2024学年上海市静安区高三上学期期末教学质量调研考试英语试题Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Japan’s robot revolution in senior careJapan’s artificial intelligence expertise is transforming the elder care industry, with 1 (specialize) robotic care accomplishing more than just taking pressure off the critical shortage of caregivers. Senior care facilities across Japan are testing out such new robots 2 deliver a collection of social and physical health care and the government-backed initiative has been met with positive reviews by elderly residents.The rapidly graying population 3 (eye) by the government as a potential market for medical technology now. Disappointing government predictions show that by 2025, Japan's first baby boomers will have turned 75 and about 7 million people are likely to suffer from some form of dementia (痴呆). The nation won't be able to avoid a dementia crisis 4 an additional 380,000 senior care workers.The long-standing shortage of professional care workers has encouraged the Japanese government 5 (simplify) procedures for foreign caregivers to be trained and certified. The current Technical Intern Training Program between Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia, under 6 Economic Partnership Agreement, was extended to include nursing care as well as agriculture, fishery, and construction sectors.7 the government made efforts to increase the numbers of senior care workers, the target number of foreign graduates has still fallen flat, with the national caregiver examination proving a major obstacle to pass. The success rate for foreign students was a merely 106 students last year, 8 has slightly improved to 216 students this year. Another depressing reality is that 19 to 38 percent of foreign nurses who pass the exam opt to leave the industry and return home, 9 (cite) tough work conditions and long hours. Given the challenges, this is 10 the government believes care robots will be able to step in.Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. smoothingB. remainC. switchedD. likelihoodE. impactF. tipG. broadly H. headed I. booming J. positioning K. reliablySea-level rise predictionsA team of University of Idaho scientists is studying a fast-moving glacier in Alaska in hopes of developing better predictions on how quickly global sea levels will rise.Tim Bartholomaus, a professor in the Department of Geography and Geological Sciences, spent several weeks on Turner Glacier in Alaska’s southeastern 11 near Disenchantment Bay. The glacier is unique because, unlike other glaciers, it rises greatly every five to eight years.A surging glacier is defined, 12 , as one that starts flowing at least 10 times faster than normal. But the how and why of that glacial movement is poorly understood, although recent research suggests that global climate change increases the 13 of glacial surging.During Turner’s surges, the mass of ice and rock will increase its speed from roughly 3 feet a day to 65 feet per day.All of that is important because glaciers falling into the ocean are a major contributor to sea level rise, and current clima te change models don’t 14 account for these movements. For example, Greenland’s glaciers are one of the leading contributors to global sea-level rise. Since the early 2000s, Greenland 15 from not having any effect on world sea levels, to increasing sea level by about 1 millimeter per year. Half of that yearly increase is due to warmer average temperatures, which leads to more ice melting. The other half, however, is because glaciers in Greenland are, as a whole, moving faster and running into the ocean more frequently.Glacial movement has something to do with water running underneath the glacier. Glaciers are full of holes, and water runs through those holes. When the water pressure is high underneath a glacier, it starts to move, partly because it’s li fting the mass of ice and rock off the ground and partly because it’s 16 the underside of the glacier.But how exactly does that water move through the glacier, and how does the movement 17 the glacier’s speed? Those are the questions the scientists ho pe to answer.Bartholomaus, some graduate students and researchers from Boise State University, 18 onto the ice in August. They set up a base camp at the toe of the glacier and spent their days flying in on helicopters. They placed roughly 30 instruments, burying them deeply into the glacier and 19 them on rock outcroppings (露岩) alongside the glacier. This summer the team will return to get the instruments and replace batteries. Those instruments will 20 on and around the glacier until the glacier surge stops, providing researchers with before and after data.Investors probably expect that following the suggestions of stock analysts would make them better off than doing the exact opposite. _________, recent research by Nicola Gennaioli and his colleagues shows that the best way to gain excess return s would be to invest in the shares least favored by analysts. They compute that, during the last 35 years, investing in the 10 percent of U. S. stocks analysts were most _________ about would have yielded on average 3 percent a year._________, investing in the 10 percent of stocks analysts were most pessimistic about would have yielded a surprising 15 percent a year.Gennaioli and colleagues shed light on this _________ with the help of cognitive sciences and, in particular, using Kahneman and Tversky's concept of representativeness. Decision makers, according to this view, _________ the representative features of a group or a phenomenon. These are defined as the features that occur more frequently in that group than in a baseline reference group.After observing strong earnings growth—the explanation goes—analysts think that the firm may be the next Google. “Googles” are in fact more frequent among firms experiencing strong growth, which makes them _________. The problem is that “Googles” are very _________ in absolute terms. As a result, expectations become too optimistic, and future performance_________. A model of stock prices in which investor beliefs follow this logic can account both qualitatively and quantitatively for the beliefs of analysts and the dynamics (动态变化) of stock returns.In related work, the authors also show that the same model can _________ booms and busts in the volume of credit and interest rate spreads.These works are part of a research project aimed at taking insights from cognitive sciences and at__________them into economic models. Kahneman and Tversky's concept of “representativeness” lies at the heart of this effort. “In a classical example, we __________ to think of Irishmen as redheads because red hair is much more frequent among Irishmen than among the rest of the world,” Prof. Gennaioli says. “However, only 10 percent of Irishmen are redheads. In our work, we develop models of belief formation that show this logic and study the __________ of this important psychological force in different fields.”Representativeness helps describe __________ and behavior in different fields, not only in financial markets. One such field is the formation of stereotypes about social groups. In a recent experimental paper, Gennaioli and colleagues show that representativeness can explain self-confidence, and in particular the __________ of women to compete in traditionally male subjects, such as mathematics.A slight prevalence of __________ male math ability in the data is enough to make math ability un-representative for women, driving their under confidence in this particular subject.21.A．Consequently B．Furthermore C．Nevertheless D．Meanwhile22.A．curious B．controversial C．concerned D．optimistic23.A．In brief B．By contrast C．In addition D．Without doubt 24.A．engagement B．concentration C．puzzle D．definition25.A．memorize B．prioritize C．modernize D．fertilize26.A．representative B．argumentative C．executive D．sensitive27.A．harsh B．adaptable C．crucial D．rare28.A．cheers B．disappoints C．stabilizes D．improves29.A．account for B．count on C．suffer from D．hold up30.A．pouring B．admitting C．integrating D．tempting31.A．pretend B．afford C．offer D．tend32.A．effects B．delights C．intervals D．codes33.A．companions B．scales C．expectations D．findings34.A．necessity B．involvement C．perseverance D．reluctance35.A．equivalent B．exceptional C．mysterious D．distressing Montessori was born in Italy in 1870 with progressive parents, who frequently communicated with the country’s leading thinkers and scholars. This enlightened family environment provided Montessori with many advantages over other young girls of the time.Her mother’s support was vital for some impo rtant decisions, such as her enrolment in a technical school after her elementary education. Her parents’ support also proved to be essential for her decision to study medicine, a field that was dominated by men.Soon after graduating, in 1896, Montessori began work as a voluntary assistant in a clinic at the University of Rome, where she cared for children with learning difficulties. The rooms were bare, with just a few pieces of furniture. One day, she found that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs (面包屑) that had dropped on the floor. It then occurred to her that the origin of some intellectual disabilities could be related with poverty. With the right learning materials, these and other young minds could be nurtured, Montessori concluded.The observation would lead Montessori to develop a new method of education that focused on providing optimal stimulation during the sensitive periods of childhood.At its centre was the principle that all the learning materials should be child-sized and designed to appeal to all the senses. In addition, each child should also be allowed to move and act freely, and use their creativity and problem-solving skills. Teachers took the role of guides, supporting the children without press or control.Mont essori opened her first Children’s House in 1907. When the Fascists (法西斯主义者) first came into power in Italy in 1922, they initially embraced her movement. But they soon came to oppose the emphasis on the children’s freedom of expression. Montessori’s value s had always been about human respect, and the rights of children and women, but the Fascists wanted to use her work and her fame.Things reached a breaking point when the Fascist tried to influence the schools’ educational content, and in 1934 Montessori and her son decided to leave Italy. She didn’t return to her homeland until 1947, and she continued to write about and develop her method until her death in 1952, at the age of 81.36. The primary reason for Montessori to develop a new educational method was ______.A．her family’s supportive influence on her educationB．her experience as a voluntary assistant in a clinicC．her observation of children playing with breadcrumbs happilyD．her decision to study medicine, a field dominated by men37. What was a central principle of Montessori’s educational method as described in the passage?A．Providing standardized, one-size-fits-all learning materials.B．Encouraging strict discipline and control over children’s actions.C．Focusing on rote memorization and competition.D．Creating a free and children-centered learning environment.38. Montessori decided to leave Italy in 1934 because .A．she wanted to explore other countries and culturesB．she wanted to avoid the Fascist’s influence on her workC．she was offered a better job in a different countryD．she wanted to retire and enjoy a peaceful life in another country39. Which of the following words can best describe Montessori in this passage?A．Observant and innovative. B．Traditional and emotional.C．Progressive and dependent. D．Open-minded and indifferent. Reducing the workweek to four days could have a climate benefit. In addition to improving the well-being of workers, cutting working hours may reduce carbon emissions. But those benefits would depend on a number of factors, experts emphasize, including how people choose to spend nonworking time.Commuting and travelTransportation is the biggest contributor to greenhouse emissions. A November 2021 survey of2,000 employees and 500 business leaders in the United Kingdom found that if all organizations introduced a four-day week, the reduced trips to work would decrease travel overall by more than 691 million miles a week.But the climate benefits of less commuting could be eliminated, experts said, if people choose to spend their extra time off traveling, particularly if they do so by car or plane.Energy usageShorter working hours could lead to reductions in energy usage, experts said. According to a 2006 paper, if the United States adopted European work standards, the country would consume about 20 percent less energy.Energy could also be conserved if fewer resources are needed to heat and cool large office buildings, reducing demands on electricity. For example, if an entire workplace shuts down on the fifth day, that would help lower consumption — less so if the office stays open to accommodate employees taking different days off.Lifestyle changesIt’s possible that fewer working hours may lead some people to have a larger carbon footprint, bu t experts say research suggests that most people are likely to shift toward more sustainable lifestyles.One theory is that people who work more and have less free time tend to do things in more carbon-intensive ways, such as choosing faster modes of transportation or buying prepared foods. Convenience is often carbon-intensive and people tend to choose convenience when they're time-stressed. Meanwhile, some research suggests that those who work less are more likely to engage in traditionally low-carbon activities, such as spending time with family or sleeping.“When we talk about the four-day workweek and the environment, we focus on the tangible, but actually, in a way, the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible,” experts said.40. What is identified as the leading cause of greenhouse emissions according to the passage?A．The well-being of employees.B．The conservation of energy.C．Commuting and travel.D．The European work standard.41. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence “the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible” in the last paragraph?A．People will have big potential in achieving intangible benefits while working.B．People are more likely to engage in carbon-intensive activities due to time constraints.C．People may shift toward more sustainable lifestyles and lower carbon footprints.D．People may travel more frequently by car or plane during their extra time off.42. The passage is mainly written to .A．highlight the importance of shortening working time in the context of well-beingB．provide an overview of transportation emissions worldwideC．analyze the impact of reduced working hours on mode of businessD．illustrate factors affecting the climate benefits of a shorter workweekThe cultivation of plants by ants is more widespread than previously realized, and has evolved on at least 15 separate occasions.There are more than 200 species of ant in the Americas that farm fungi (真菌) for food, but this trait evolved just once sometime between 45 million and 65 million years ago. Biologists regard the cultivation of fungi by ants as true agriculture appearing earlier than human agriculture because it meets four criteria: the ants plant the fungus, care for it, harvest it and depend on it for food.By contrast, while thousands of ant species are known to have a wide variety of interdependent relationships with plants, none were regarded as true agriculture. But in 2016, Guillaume Chomicki and Susanne Renner at the University of Munich, Germany, discovered that an ant in Fungi cultivates several plants in a way that meets the four criteria for true agriculture.The ants collect the seeds of the plants and place them in cracks in the bark of trees. As the plants grow, they form hollow structures called domain that the ants nest in. The ants defecate (排便) at designated absorptive places in these domain, providing nutrients for the plant. In return, as well as shelter, the plant provides food in the form of fruit juice.This discovery prompted Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships to see if there are other examples of plant cultivation that have been overlooked. “They have never really been looked at in the framework of agriculture,” says Chomicki, who is now at the University of Sheffield in the UK. “It’s definitely widespread.”The team identified 37 examples of tree-living ants that cultivate plants that grow on trees, known as epiphytes (附生植物). By looking at the family trees of the ant species, the team was able to determine on how many occasions plant cultivation evolved and roughly when. Fifteen is a conservative estimate, says Campbell. All the systems evolved relatively recently, around 1million to 3 million years ago, she says.Whether the 37 examples of plant cultivation identified by the team count as true agriculture depends on the definitions used. Not all of the species get food from the plants, but they do rely on them for shelter, which is crucial for ants living in trees, says Campbell. So the team thinks the definition of true agriculture should include shelter as well as food.43. According to biologists, why is ant-fungus cultivation considered as a form of true agriculture?A．Because it occurred earlier than human agriculture.B．Because it fulfills the standards typical of agricultural practices.C．Because it redefines the four criteria for true human agriculture.D．Because it is less common than previously thought.44. What motivated Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships?A．They determined on new family trees of the ant species.B．They overlooked some tree-living ants that provided nutrients for the plants.C．They never studied the ant-plant relationships within the context of agriculture.D．They never identified any an t species that engaged in cultivation of fungi.45. Which of the following statements is supported by the team's findings according to the passage?A．Ants’ cultivation of plants is limited to a few specific species.B．The cultivation of fungi by ants is considered the earliest form of agriculture.C．True agriculture in ants involves only food-related interactions with plants.D．Ants have independently cultivated plants on at least 15 distinct occasions.46. What is the passage mainly about?A．The evolution of ants in the plant kingdom.B．The widespread occurrence of ant-plant cultivation.C．The discovery of a new ant species engaging in agriculture.D．The contrast between ant agriculture and human agriculture.What is the likelihood of you having someone who looks just like you? Would it be a good thing? And if you did have one, would you want to meet them?Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you. Your passport, ID card and driving license all feature your face. 47 You may need your face to unlock your smartphone and possibly even need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene.The word “doppelgänger” refers to a person who looks the same as you, essentially sharing your features; those that you thought were unique to you and your identity. Not identical twins, as a doppelgänger has no relation to you. The idea originated in German folklore. 48So, let's get real. What are the chances of you having one in the first place? There's said to be a one in 135 chance of an exact match for you existing anywhere in the world, so the chances are pretty low, despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise. And the chances of meeting? The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion.That said, these statistics may be a good thing. Historically, having a double wasn't always a positive. Back in 1999, an innocent American man, indistinguishable from the real criminal, was sent to prison for robbery, where he stayed for 19 years. 49 . In a different case, a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelgänger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity!50 The fascination with doppelgängers may be rooted in historical beliefs that facial resemblance meant they were from the same family or had a common ancestor. It leads to the hope that one day you will meet your lookalike, creating the thrill of a potentially strange meeting. However, as these encounters can be both interesting and disturbing, we understand that after such an experience, you might not want to meet your doppelgänger again.passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Competitive CheerleadingOver the years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders’ main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling (翻腾运动) ability. It’s a very common thing for gymnasts, so it’s easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. They also perform lifts and throws.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the more difficult the action is, the better the score is. That’s why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance. Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women. Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. So without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________52. 如果不好好准备，周五的演讲可能会变得一塌糊涂。

2019-2020学年上海中学高三英语期末试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThank you. It’s my great honor to be given this award.You cannot imagine that I have always been a late starter. Years ago, when I was 16, I took an important exam — GCE(General Certificate of Education), which turned out to be a failure. My dad was reading my report card and saw that my position in class was 29th, but the number in class was 29. It meant that I had achieved the distinction of being bottom of my class.I wasn’t lazy, and I was really trying. You can picture how I felt. Dad put his hand on my shoulder and said, “You can only do the best you can, but whatever you decide to do, make sure you love it.” He was a really sweet guy and a great man. I knew his attempt to hide his disappointment with some of his encouraging words. I was depressed for a week, but his advice was a wake-up call.Fortunately I love working with my hands, and I was good at two things: woodwork and art, and I really loved to draw and paint. I was quite talented. Dad strongly encouraged me to go to art school, which in those days wasn’t the obvious place that a father would suggest.So I got into Hartlepool College of Art. The college was a revelation (出乎意料), the passionate teachers there, who were extremely interested in the students, not just tolerating them but actually engaging with them. It was a world apart from my schooling until then. It’s extraordinary what an enthusiastic teacher can do, drawing the student out, lighting independence, and encouraging a design of your own future, rather than waiting for something to happen. I’m honored to have become one of these passionate teachers years later.My teachers inspired me, and thanks to my dad, here I am tonight. I think I should mention all the talents I have worked with over time, and to my kids and my wife Giannina, thank you.Thank you for this great award. I shall find a very special place for it.1. How did the author feel after taking GCE?A. Happy.B. Upset.C. Tired.D. Relieved.2. What didHartlepoolCollege of Art impress the author most?A. The teachers were strict with students.B. The students set good examples for each other.C. The teachers inspired students’ passion for learning.D. The students got prepared for their lessons independently.3. The author gave this speech to ________.A. share his career choiceB. explain his teaching methodsC. describe his life experienceD. show his appreciationBMy school appeared on the news last week because we had made an important change in our local area. Our class had planted a large garden in what was once only a vacant lot. It was a lot of work but it was all worth it. I got blisters(水泡) from digging, and we all got insect bites, too.I learned a lot about gardening and collaboration(合作), and then I learned about the media. Our teacher telephoned the TV station and informed them of what we had accomplished. She spoke with the producer. The producer checked with the directors, but they said there were plenty of stories similar to ours. They wanted to know what was special about our particular garden, since many schools plant them.The teacher explained that, after going on the Internet to learn about the prairie(大草原), we had made a prairie garden. We had gone to a prairie and gotten seeds from the plants, and then we planted them. We did not water the garden, but we did weed it. We decided to let nature water it with rain, since that was how prairies grew in the past. We sent a picture of the garden to the news station. In the picture, the grass was so high that it stood taller than the fourth grade students.As a result, the producer sent a reporter to our school. He interviewed the headmaster and asked him many questions about the garden. After that, they interviewed us, and we explained to them what we had learned through this project.That night, we watched the news, and there we were. The news reporter told our story. It was only two minutes long, but it was us. We were famous. All that work, all those blisters, it was worth it. We knewthatwhen we saw the garden every day, but now we knew that the whole city thought so, too.4. What seemed to be the TV directors’ initial reaction to the garden?A. They were excited.B. They were surprised.C. They were worried.D. They were uninterested.5. What is special about the garden?A. Weeds were allowed to spread naturally.B. The grass grew faster than common grass.C. The seeds came from the plants of a prairie.D. Underground water was used for the plants.6. What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the last paragraph?A. We got blisters on our hands.B. Our hard work was worthwhile.C. The garden would be famous.D. The project would be finished.7. How did the author feel about the project?A. Annoyed.B. Curious.C. Proud.D. Regretful.CFor decades, an organization, called Ulum Dalska, based in a small Swedish town called Alvdalen, hasbeen working hard to help save a language called EIfdalian. Elfdalian sounds nothing like the country's national language, Swedish, which press secretary Bjorm Rehnstrom said affected the language about 100 years ago. At that point, Elfdalian declined. Ulla Schitt, also a Ulum Dalska member, experienced the change while growing up in Alvdalen.“My parents spoke Efdalian with each other, and with my grandma and my aunts and uncles and everyone around,”Schit said. “But when they turned to me, they spoke Swedish.” Schitt said her parents spoke Swedish with her because that's what was spoken in schools.But people are getting creative in the fight to change that trend. Musicians are creating new songs with Elfdalian. Several children's books were also translated into EIfdalian, including Le Petit Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupery. Additionally, Bjorm Rehnstrom helps run a popular Facebook group that offers courses in the Elfdalian language, where he offers lessons to the group's 1,800 global members from America, Australia, South America, Indonesia, Haiti and Cape Verde.The local government supports the teaching and preservation of Elfdalian. Bjom Rehnstrom said they eagerly paid for a sign that reads: “Welcome to Alvdalen” in Elfdalian. But the national government of Sweden is a different story. They currently consider Eidalian a dialect of Swedish, not its own language.Schitt said every time a language dies it is a sad moment. To her, losing Elfdalian would be an especially tragic (悲剧的) loss. “It's a part of our identity. It's part of our culture,” she said. “And if part of your identity and culture dies, a part of yourself dies.” Getting Elfdalian recognized as a language by the Swedish government, she added, is key to making sure that death doesn't come.8. Why was Ulum Dalska founded?A. To teach Swedish.B. To save Elfdalian.C. To improve Alvdalen.D. To help schools.9. Why Schitt's parents spoke Swedish with her?A. They could only speak Swedish fluently.B. Schitt longed to speak Swedish at home.C. Swedish was the language of schools.D. It was required by her school teachers,10. What can we infer from paragraph 4?A. Many people are trying to help to save Elfdalian.B. Songs in Elfdalian are becoming more popular.C. Le Petit Prince was translated into various languages.D. Courses in Eldalian are provided to the world freely.11. What does Schitt think of preserving Elfdalian?A. Satisfactory.B. Vital.C. Dangerous.D. Meaningless.DDragon boating is a team sport that has its root in ancient China. The boats are decorated with a dragon head and tail. In recent years cancer survivor groups have got involved in the sport to help make friends and help rebuild their lives.On a recent Saturday morning, a group of 20 women were on a boat in the Anacostia River in Washington DC. They moved their paddles(船桨)in rhythm to the call of a coach. The women belong to the dragon boat team GoPink! DC, which trains weekly. It also races against other breast cancer survivor teams in dragon boat festivals. As a result, GoPink! DC won medals in this Washington dragon boat festival.Lydia Collins joined five years ago after finding out she had breast cancer. “I was diagnosed with breast cancer.I was demoralized because of my illness - I lost all interest in life and wouldn't even get out of bed to eat. But now I love the team spirit. I just love everything about it. It is like a floating support group on the water.”The paddles are breast cancer survivors and their supporters. Annette Rothemel helped establish(建立)the group in 2006. She is a researcher with the National Institutes of Health as well as a breast cancer survivor. “It is sort of an easy entry sport because on the same boat people at different levels can be doing the same sport.” But Ms Rothemel saysdragon boating can be physically demanding, especially for someone who is sick and getting treatment for cancer.“It’s hard but I think you have to challenge yourself in life. This is something I look forward to. I get to be out here with my sisters and supporters that understand what I’m going through and help motivate me. So it makes me stronger and it makes me feel better,” another cancer survivor Rhonda Hartzel said.Annette Rothemel says the cancer survivors feel a sense of sisterhood and share good times when they paddle together. She says both feelings are treasured by the team.12. What do the underline wordsdemoralizedIn para.3 probably mean?A. depressedB. anxiousC. astonishedD. awkward13. What can we know about Lydia Collims from the text?A. she helps establish Go Pink !DCB. she tries to find a cure for the cancerC. she benefits from the dragon boat raceD. she gives up hope because of her illness14. How can the dragon boat race help the cancer survivorsA. forget their tough experiencesB. recover physically and mentallyC. get rid of the pains of their cancerD. enjoy their rest life without sufferings15. What does the text tell us about Annette Rothemel?A. she is an expert in studying the cause of the cancerB. she helps the cancer survivors in financial difficultiesC. she believes there is a healthful result from the dragon boat raceD. she thinks it unwise for the patient to join in the dragon boat race第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

静安区2019学年第一学期教学质量检测高三年级英语试卷2019. 12考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，全卷共12页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

I．Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Manager and secretary. B. Customer and salesgirl.C. Man and wife.D. Salesman and manufacturer.2. A. $ 240. B. $ 290. C. $250. D. $ 200.3. A. At a museum. B. At a library. C. At a bookstore. D. At a coffee shop.4. A. Tonight. B. On Friday night. C. On Saturday. D. Next week.5. A. Take care of the baby. B. Fix the air-conditioner.C. Stay in the room alone.D. Get a repairman.6. A. There is no convenient store nearby.B.Convenient stores may not sell phone chargers.C.The phone charger sold online is of poor quality.D.Nobody will be available at the convenient store.7. A. His membership is no longer valid. B. He is tired of that gym.C. He never went to that gym.D. He went to that gym only once.8. A. He might be a perfectionist.B. He is arguing with his colleagues.C. He is annoyed by the constant changes.D. He is not bright enough to understand the plan.9. A. More courses benefit the woman.B. The woman will be burnt out if she takes 6 courses.C. The woman will have to book a room in the library.D. The woman should live in the library for the exams.10. A. She can only cook Chinese-style dishes.B. She learned her cooking from her mother.C. It always takes her a long time to prepare a meal.D. She will order some food for her house-warming party.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the longer conversation. The passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Bad weather. B. Mistakes made by the air traffic controllers.C. The loss of control of the airplane.D. The duty of the pilot.12. A. The pilot of the second plane made a big mistake.B. They avoided each other by turning in different directions.C. They narrowly escaped crashing into each other.D. One plane was suddenly out of control.13. A. Air controllers are often careless.B. The importance of the pilots.C. Air travel is much safer than other means of travelling.D. The potential danger of air travel.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Parents have little control over what children are watching or playing.B. The media are full of violence.C. Children think that violence and crime are normal.D. Young people are harder to discipline.15. A. They should keep their kids from watching movies or playing games.B. They should ask for help from the schools.C. They should speak out against the entertainment industry.D. They should take their children out for walks.16. A. The differences between the past and the present.B. People’s attitudes toward violence in the media.C. How violence in the media affects society.D. The necessity of keeping children from playing video games.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Something is wrong with the engine. B. The car never went wrong before.C. The car is too old to drive.D. She is not sure about the problem.18. A. In Japan. B. In Germany. C. In America. D. In Italy.19. A. The mechanic charged her a reasonable price.B. The mechanic gave her an unreasonable price.C. The mechanic overcharged her.D. The mechanic undercharged her.20. A. The mechanic is undependable. B. The mechanic is tricky.C. The mechanic is trustworthy.D. The mechanic is helpful.II．Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How Do Avalanches HappenIf you’re ever skiing in the mountains, you’ll want to be aware of avalanches. An avalanche is a sudden flow of snow down a slope, such as a mountain. The amount of snow in an avalanche (21) ____________ (vary) based on many things, but it can be such a huge amount that it can bury the bottom of a slope in dozens of feet of snow.Avalanches (22) ____________ be caused by natural things. For example, new snow or rain can cause built-up snow to loosen and fall down the side of a mountain. Artificial triggers (诱发因素) can also cause avalanches. For example, snowmobiles, skiers, and explosives (23) ____________ (know) to lead to avalanches.Avalanches usually occur during the winter and spring, (24) ____________ snowfall is greatest. As they are dangerous to any living beings in their path, avalanches have destroyed forests, roads, railroads and even entire towns.Warning signs exist that allow experts to predict — and often prevent — avalanches from (25) ____________ (occur). When over a foot of fresh snow falls, experts know to be on the lookout for avalanches. Explosives can be used in places (26) ____________ massive snow buildups to trigger much smaller avalanches that don’t pose a danger to persons or property.When deadly avalanches do occur, the moving snow can quickly reach over 80 miles per hour. Skiers caught in such avalanches can be buried under dozens of feet of snow. (27) ____________ it’s possible to dig out of such avalanches, not all are able to escap e.If you get tossed about by an avalanche and find yourself (28) ____________ (bury) under many feet of snow, you might not have a true sense of which way is up and which way is down. Some avalanche victims have tried to dig their way out, only to find that they were upside down and digging (29) ____________ farther under the snow rather than to the top!Experts suggest that people caught in an avalanche try to dig around you (30) ____________(create) a space for air, so you can breathe more easily. Then, do your best to figure out which way is up and dig in that direction to reach the surface and signal rescuers.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Founding Father of China’s Nuclear ProgramUnder the terms of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty(不扩散核武器条约), only five countries are considered to be “nuclear-weapon states.” China is one of them. This military achievement would have been __31__ without the contribution of Deng Jiaxian, a leading organizer of China’s nuclear weapon programs.Deng went to the United States in 1948 for further study, and received a doctorate in physics two years later. Just nine days after graduation, the then 26-year-old returned to the newly-founded People’s Republic of China with __32__ physics knowledge. He became a research fellow under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang and started his theoretical nuclear research in cooperation with Yu Min.From1958 on, Deng spent over 20 years working __33__ with a team of young scientists on the development of China’s first atomic and hydrogen bombs. Originally, they were prepared to receive training by experts from the Soviet Union. Soon after, however, the Soviet government tore up its __34__ with China and removed all its experts. Deng had to lead the team of 28 members with an average age of 23 on a mission to __35__ the mysterious power of atomic physics.There was ridicule (嘲笑) following the __36__ of the Soviet experts that China wouldn’t be able to build an atomic bomb within 20 years. Den g said to his colleagues, “It is in the interest of the Chinese people to develop nuclear weapons. We must be willing to be unknown heroes for our lifetime. It is worth the risk of suffering, and it is worth our __37__ to this cause.”As the leader of Chi na’s atomic bomb design, Deng gave lessons himself and organized a team to translate and study the __38__ foreign language materials. In the meantime, he never stopped thinking about the direction of atomic bomb development.Following the successful test of the first atomic bomb in 1964, Deng joined the research group led by Yu Min. They immediately started the design of the hydrogen bomb, which was __39__ in 1967. From the first atomic bomb to the first hydrogen bomb, China spent only two years and eight months on development .Deng passed away in 1986 because of cancer. In the last month of his life, the 28-year secretexperience of this great scientist was __40__, and his reputation began to spread throughout China. In 1999, along with 22 other scientis ts, he was awarded the special prize of “Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal” for his contribution to Chinese military science.III．Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the Fake News Era, Building Trust with Consumers Is Crucial With consumers growing increasingly frustrated with online advertising and privacy concerns, how do you convince shoppers to buy your narrative (叙述), let alone your product?A recent report by TrustRadius, a software review company that connects buyers and vendors (供应商), may be able to shed some light. Among other interesting findings, it turns out that it may actually benefit brands to be painfully __41__ about their products.Consumer awareness of influencer marketing tactics (策略) is increasing. __42__, according to the report, most consumers trust online peer __43__ as much as recommendations from friends —and well above company advertising message. Feedback from everyday folks, it seems, actually carries more __44__ than a brand ambassador (大使) from an out-of-reach personality.Transparency (透明度) is crucial. The report found that there is a large trust __45__ between vendors and buyers. While vendors believe they are transparent, most buyers don’t appear to see it. During the sales process, for example, 85 percent of vendors __46__ to be open about their product’s limitations during the sales process —but only 36 percent of buyers share that same view. The reality is, consumers don’t expect any products to be __47__ — they just want to enter relationships with their eyes wide open so that they can __48__the options that are best for them. They also want brands to be more __49__. 66 percent of consumers say they will leave a company if they feel they are being treated like a number and not an individual.Along with the combination of fake news, advertising fraud, and data leaks, there have been fake reviews as well. Review sites have been __50__giving preferential(优惠的) treatment to paid advertisers, and consumers are increasingly discerning (有辨别力的), as a result. __51__, review sites are not our only source of peer reviews, with social media providing customer experiences on a second-to-second basis. When brands treat every __52__ with a customer as a potential review, they’ll start paying more attention to det ail, and being alert to delivering a valued and memorable experience every time. Taking feedback seriously also lets current customers feel valued and respected and makes your business seem more approachable. This helps secure __53__, and often, these customers will become brand ambassadors to their friends, family and people they meet online.The challenge for brands today is determining how to use the __54__ of the consumer to their advantage. In an age of cutting-edge technology, artificial intelligence, and self-service customercare, it’s odd to acknowledge that the best way to build trust with your customers is by holding an open __55__ with your customers. Being more human, transparent, and listening to what people are saying will see your company thrive in an era marked by consumer suspicion.41.A. nervous B. honest C. careful D. particular42.A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However43.A. reviews B. reactions C. experiences D. instructions44.A. weight B. risks C. warnings D. burdens45.A. relationship B. influence C. gap D. extension46.A. refuse B. hesitate C. desire D. claim47.A. advanced B. perfect C. remarkable D. unique48.A. consider B. offer C. select D. exercise49.A. efficient B. profitable C. human D. responsible50.A. associated with B. mistaken by C. praised as D. criticized for51.A. On the contrary B. In fact C. By contrast D. In a word52.A. cooperation B. complaint C. interaction D. appointment53.A. safety B. loyalty C. convenience D. employment54.A. money B. choice C. habit D. voice55.A. dialogue B. debate C. competition D. contractSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )As humanity has got richer, animals’ roles have changed. People need their services less than before. Fewer wolves and thieves meant less demand for dogs for protection; the internal combustion engine(内燃机) made horses unneeded; modern sanitation(卫生设备) kept rats in check and made cats less useful. No longer necessities, domestic animals became luxuries. Petkeeping seems to kick in when household incomes rise above roughly $5,000. It is booming.The trend is not a new one. Archaeologists (考古学家) have found 10,000-year-old graves in which dogs and people are buried together. Some cultures — such as in Scandinavia, where dogs have long been both working dogs and companions — have kept pets for thousands of years. But these days the pet-keeping urge has spread even to parts of the world which have no tradition of sinking into a comfortable chair with a furry creature.The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them. No longer are they food-waste-recyclers, fed with the remains that fall from their masters’ tables. Pet-food shelves are full of delicacies crafted to satisfy a range of appetites, including ice cream for dogs and foods for pets that are old, diabetic or suffer fromsensitive digestion; a number of internet services offer food, tailored to the pet’s individual tastes.In the business this is called “pet humanisation”— the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to — in America — Bella, Lucy and Max. It is evident in the growing market for pet clothing, pet grooming and pet hotels.People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “puppy-dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions. It has worked. The species that once enslaved others now works very hard to pay for the care of its pets. Sentimental (多愁善感的) Americans often refer to themselves not as cat-owners but as the cat’s “mommy” or “daddy”. South Koreans go one further, describing themselves as cat “butlers”. Watch an unlucky dog-walker trailing “his” hound (猎犬), plastic bag in hand to pick up its mess, and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now?56. Which of the following trends is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. People’s needs for animal services are decreasing.B. Both the pet number and the pet business are growing.C. Pets are increasingly making their owners less anxious.D. Pet foods are more various and customized than before.57. Which of the following is referred to as evidence of “pet humanization”?A. The names given to pets in American families nowadays.B. Pets’ inbuilt ability to affect emotions of their owners.C. Human beings’ ever rising urge for pet-keeping.D. Pets’ roles as both working staff and companions.58. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?A. Pets should be treated as equals of their human masters.B. Human beings are getting much benefit from their pets.C. Pet-keeping is still restricted within certain parts of the world.D. Some pet owners spend too much money on their pets.59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Changing Roles of AnimalsB. The Urge for Pet-keepingC. Who Owns WhomD. Love Me, Love My Dog( B )Some people think you can just will yourself out of a depressi on. That’s not true. Many doctors believe that one thing that may cause depression is an imbalance of serotonin —a chemical in your body. If this happens, you may have trouble sleeping. Feel unusually sad or irritable easily. Find it hard to concentrate. Lose your appetite. Lack energy. Or have trouble feeling pleasure. These are some of the symptoms that can point to depression — especially if they last for more than a couple of weeks and if normal, everyday life feels like too much to handle.To help fight depression, the medicine doctors now prescribe (开处方) most often is Prozac. Prozac isn’t a “happy pill.” It’s not a tranquilizer (镇静剂). It won’t turn you into a different person.Some people do experience mild side effects, like upset stomach, headaches, difficulty sleeping, sleepiness, anxiety and nervousness. These tend to go away within a few weeks of starting treatment, and usually aren’t serious enough to make most people stop taking it. However, if you are concerned about a side effect, or if you develop a rash (皮疹), tell your doctor right away. And don’t forget to tell your doctor any other medicines you are taking. Some people should not take Prozac, especially people on MAO inhibitors (单胺抑制剂).As you start feeling better, your doctor can suggest therapy or other means to help you work through your depression. Prozac has been carefully studied for nearly 10 years. But remember, Prozac is a prescription medicine, and it isn’t right for everyone. Only your doctor can decide if Prozac is right for you — or for someone you love. Prozac has been prescribed for more than 17 million Americans. Chances are someone you know is feeling sunny again because of it.60.All the following are true EXCEPT __________.A. It is easy to get rid of depression through tremendous determination.B. Sleep disorder is characteristic of depression symptoms.C. Depression can be caused by a combination of factors.D. Depression is a psychological state taking the form of low mood.61.What can we learn about Prozac from this piece of information?A. Prozac is a newly-developed drug to treat depression.B. Patients who take Prozac can experience severe side effects.C. A medical prescription is necessary for Prozac.D. Over 17 million Americans have been cured by Prozac.62.This piece of information is most probably __________.A. an introduction to a scientific projectB. a part of prescription drug instructionsC. a part of a research report in a medical journalD. an advertisement of a medicine for depression( C )Learning a second language is tricky at any age (and it only gets tougher the longer you wait to open that dusty French book). Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10.The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s“nearly impossible”for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. But that doesn’t seem to be because language skills go downhill. “It turns out you’re still learning fast. It’s just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. Children’s brains are more plastic than those of adults, meaning they’re better able to adapt and respond to new information. “All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and children’s brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.”Kids may also be more willing to try new things (and to potentially look foolish in the process) than adults are. Their comparatively new grasp on their native tongue may also be advantageous. Unlike adults, who tend to default (默认) to the rules and patterns of their first language, kids may be able to approach a new one with a blank slate (石板).These findings may seem discouraging, but it was heartening for scientists to learn that the critical period for fluent language acquisition might be longer than they previously thought. Some scientists believed that the brief window closes shortly after birth, while others stretched it only to early adolescence. Compared to those estimates, 17 or 18 — when language learning ability starts to drop off — seems relatively old.“People fared better when they learned by immersion(沉浸), rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where your desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult. If that’s not an option, you can mimic an immersive environment by finding ways to have conversations with native speakers in their own communities,” Hartshorne says. By doing so, it’s possible to become conversa tionally proficient —even without the advantage of a child’s brain.63. The word “plummet” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “__________”.A. plungeB. riseC. endD. vary64. What can be inferred from Joshua Hartshorne’s words?A. Age 10-18 is the best time to learn a second language.B. Children are too young to grasp a second language.C. Communicating with native speakers enables you to master all the language skills.D. Adults go beyond the critical period for learning a second language.65. What might be the reason why adults can’t reach native-level fluency in a second language?A. Adults are less influenced by their mother tongues.B. Adults are only too willing to experience something awkward in the process.C. Adults spend more time responding to new information.D. Adults prefer an immersive environment to a classroom in learning a second language .66. The passage is mainly about __________.A. the approaches to learning a second languageB. the best age to learn a second languageC. why kids learn a second language more easily than adultsD. whether adults can learn a second language like their younger selvesSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Search for a Human Face for RobotsLooking for a $130,000 payday? Geomiq, a British engineering and manufacturing firm is searching for a “kind and friendly” face to be the face of a robot once it goes into production. “This will entail (需要) the selected person’s face being reproduced on potentially thousands of versions of the robots worldwide,” Geomiq says in a blog post about the project.Robots have been at the forefront of technology for decades, and are widely considered the future of our technological advancement. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, according to some estimates, robots designed to keep the elderly company are becoming increasingly common.(67) __________________ They do things like responding to voice commands, offering proactive (积极主动的) notifications and advice and letting relatives monitor conditions at home. There is still a long way to go but new robotic products are coming into fruition all the time. Geomiq says the robot line has been in the works for five years and will result in a companion for seniors.The designer has noted in an interview with a select press pool that they can’t release too many details at this stage．(68) __________________The designer has also stressed that unsuccessful candidates will not be contacted. The company says the need for anonymity (匿名) is due to the secretive nature of the project. However, it believes the robot will soon be “readily available” to the publ ic and hopes the campaign will create extra buzz ahead of its eventual release.“We know that this is an extremely unique request, and signing over the licenses to your face is potentially an extremely big decision,” Geomiq said.(69) __________________ The designer has said that the project has been in development for five years, and in that time frame taken on investment from some independent venture capitals as well as a top fund based in Shanghai. The company says the robots’ purpose will be to act as a “virtual friend” for elderly people and is set to go into production next year.The blog post doesn’t share age or gender parameters (参数). (70) __________________ Candidates who make it to the next phase will get full details on the project. “The secrecy,”Geomiq says, “is due to a non-disclosure agreement it’s signed with the robot’s designer and investors.”IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do We Need Art in Our LivesNo one will be surprised to hear that the arts are under fire in this day and age. We view the arts as something of a hobby, something that’s fun but certainly can’t pay the rent. If it’s not a useful skill, no wonder arts funding is being cut in schools. Do we really need art in our lives?In schools, time and money is at a premium (稀有而珍贵), now more than ever. With teachers having to fit so many lessons into every day, it’s easy to see why art is dropping more and more by the wayside. Budgets are dropping at an alarming rate, and what school is going to drop teaching in essential subjects such as math or science when they can drop art instead?It seems as though the loss of art in daily life is a sad fact of life, but it doesn’t have to be. There are actually a lot of practical uses for art for many people. For example, art therapy has helped people with a range of illnesses, both mental and physical, cope with their symptoms. Art is found almost anywhere you look in your home. Practical items, such as bedspreads, furniture or clothing, are all art forms in themselves and arouse emotions in the people interacting with them.Art also gives us insight into the world. History tells us what happened and when it happened, but it can’t tell us how the population at large felt about it, which is where art steps in. We know a lot about how people in the past lived and worked, because their art has given us such a deep insight into their daily lives. We wouldn’t have that insight without it.Most of all, we need art in our lives as it gives us a form of self-expression. Being able to talk about our feelings is essential to staying healthy. You may not think you talk about your feelings, but you may express them in other ways. Some like to cook or bake, some like to work on machinery, and others may like to paint or draw. Whatever you like to do in your spare time, you’re probably creating art every day.So, do we need art in our lives? Many people would say no, but the art they’re thinking of is the art you see in galleries. Art is actually much more accessible and is truly needed in everyday。

静安区2018-2019学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三英语I. Listening ComprehensionSection A （10分）Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bus station. B. At a gas station.C. At a military museum.D. At a mobile phone shop.2. A.3. B. 5. C. 8. D. 11.3. A. He had difficulty going to sleep at night.B. He stayed up late watching TV series.C. He produced an attractive TV series.D. He had to buy a new sleeping pillow.4. A. The woman should clean up the closet.B. The woman has bought too many new clothes.C. The woman should put on some weight.D. The woman should buy more clothes.5. A. The sunlight will bum up the jacket.B. The beach is too cold.C. She is proud of her dark skin color.D. The sunlight is helpful to her.6. A. Many activities were arranged in the bookshop.B. Many people were listening to a writers lecture.C. The bookshop was popular because of the book resources.D. People went to the bookshop to get free books.7. A. Customers can pay cash.B. There are more varieties of goods.C. Customers can get a bargain price.D. Customers can receive the goods faster.8. A. Peter isn't in his hometown himselfB. Peter isn't their good friend.C. Peter is unlikely to appear to pick them up.D. Peter owns an empty house in his hometown.9. A. Do a part-time job on campus.B. Borrow money from the woman.C. Obtain financial assistance from school.D. Study a practical case on campus.10. A. The man had a bad time eating with his boss.B. The man had a stomachache after lunch.C. The man enjoys eating with co-workers.D. The man is particular about the food he eats.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two Passages and one longer conversation. After eachpassage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, readthe four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.ers can choose height range.B. Users can improve their eyesight.C. Users can select the SPF of the cream.D. Users can get a full exposure to the cream.12.A.The laziness of the inventor.B. The needs of the hotels.C. The fund the inventor obtained.D. The online usage video.13.A.Inserting coins into the equipment.B. Paying cash to the inventor.C. Buying Snappy Screen card.D. Paying for the hotel room.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage14.A.He got a medal for courage.B. He would become a French citizen.C. He got a position in the fire service.D. He received a large sum of money.15.A.He was playing a game.B. He was sleeping in the balcony.C. He was staying with his family.D. He was injured.16. A. The balcony was not strong enough.B. The boy's father left him alone at home.C. The house was on fire.D. Firemen broke into the house.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A.The origin of AI technology.B. The bad influences AI might bring.C. The changes AI brings to humans.D. The waterproof feature of AI technology.18.A.Too few people he has interviewed.B. The inferior AI products on the market.C. The lack of resources on AI theory.D. The lack of fund for the study.19.A.It is located in the downtown area.B. It has professional staff.C. It offers great online resource.D. It opens to general public free of charge.20.A.To prove that the applicant has legal income.B. To guarantee applicant's ability to pay overdue fine.C. To use the bank card as the membership card.D. To pay the membership fee.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank."I love the work and experience I've gained, but I am frustrated by the disorganized management .Also, I've been told I can't ask for more money. I can get a new job with more pay, but will(21)____________(leave)within a year hurt my professional reputation?"The answer is," it depends."When we choose to leave a new job early, it sends the message that(22)_______is terribly wrong, especially in the current economic climate(23)________ unemployment is higher and people are dying for jobs. That means you will somehow look suspicious (24)________you say about the leave. Saying the work is great but you don't like management or the pay won't go over well with employers. To them, it sounds a bit selfish and needy. No doubt, they(25) (question) your ability to be patient or be a good team player.Employers dislike people who are unhappy in a job after less than a year. It implies impatience and lack of appreciation for the employer. Plus, you're getting paid to do work you actually like, so they (26)_____ assume that you can't put up with a little disorganization. And speaking of pay, most companies work (27) ______ an annual review basis, so suddenly asking for more money doesn't work for their budgets.So, what’s the solution?Focus on your desire (28) ______ (develop) professionally. “It’s a tough decision to leave this great company. I love the work I am doing. However, it (29) ______ (make) clear to me that there Is no room for me to grow my skills as a professional. My fear is if I stay, I will become (30) ______ (competitive) down the line. I want to move to a company where I can take my skills and abilities to the next level and create even more value for my employer.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.binationB. sheetsC. flexibleD. rejectedE. healF. imitateG. chemicalH. damageI. settingJ. necessarilyK. severeArtificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory, typically used to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to __31__at least some of the skin's basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection andregulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin __32__ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can __33__. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra. functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen(股原质)__34__. The Integra “dermis”is also biodegradable(可生物降解的). It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical35, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause __36__ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not __37__ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’óreal have already used artificial skin to test many __38__ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing __39 __ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body's immune system-a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be __40__ by the patient's body.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.You’ve been painting for a few years, and maybe you have even sold a painting or two. Are you ready to ___41___ the title of an amateur artist?Distinguishing green hand from professional artists is ___42___ task. It is not just a matter of your ability to create nice paintings. It’s not only about painting techniques. And for most cases, it doesn’t happen ___43___. Very few artists become overnight success without years of struggle and suffering.To turn professional, people find it critical to develop a personal style. What makes your paintings ___44___ among other paintings out there? Are your paintings standing out unmistakably directed to you as the creator? A personal style comes along with technique, painting medium, and subject and it tends to develop gradually over time. You ___45___ it through unconscious and constant exploring and self-shaping. Style does not mean that you are painting the same subject or using the same painting medium. Salvador Dali used to use many artistic media, but they all have a ___46___ Dali style. Style refers to the emotions and thoughts delivered by your paintings, which people can identify with. Their ___47___ of the painter is then a sure thing.Artists talk about their ___48___ all of the time. What gets you out of bed every morning to paint? How do you find the energy to have all your time devoted to painting? ___49___, we all love to do what we do and we get a satisfaction out of creating. For the professional artist, it goes beyond that. Some artists wish to convey a deep message concerning life, society or even politics. Others simply seek ___50___ returns to cover kids’ tuition fees or pay family bills. Yet, all prof essional artists know that they have to keep workingto achieve the goals.Many amateur artists passively wait for ___51___ to come. If they are not in the mood, they do not bother wasting the time. They sometimes allow themselves to be occupied by events like parties. Professionals are never easily ___52___ or torn away from their art work in progress. Focused on their work so much, some even regard spending time outside their ___53___ as crime ___54___ is their secret to high productivity.Besides, professional artists are constantly prepared to grab new ideas for the next painting, which they believe is sure to be better than the previous one. The belief that there is always room for ___55___ keeps driving them forward in the art world where many masters have come along.41. A. step beyond B. turn off C. see through D. make up42. A. rewarding B. tricky C. formal D. temporary43. A. individually B. thoroughly C. instantly D. sincerely44. A. unique B. superior C. practical D. reliable45. A. acquire B. transfer C. imitate D. analyze46. A. recent B. distinct C. modest D. logical47. A. preservation B. employment C. adaption D. recognition48. A. background B. significance C. motivation D. routine49. A. To sum up B. In contrast C. In addition D. In general50. A. academic B. global C. financial D. original51. A. inspiration B. fame C. guidance D. solution52. A. offended B. dominated C. distracted D. rewarded53. A. studio B. bedroom C. garage D. garden54. A. Reflection B. Devotion C. Creativity D. Illustration55. A. negotiation B. profit C. criticism D. improvementSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）I boarded a small plane together with my sister and 42 other passengers. While flying over the mountains, the plane encountered violent airflow. Losing control suddenly, it hit an unknown mountain peak. The impact of the crash claimed the lives of a few passengers immediately, leaving many injured including my sister.Adding a slight chance of being found out, we waited in the open, as opposed to waiting in the plane, even though it was freezing cold. At night, we slept side by side to keep ourselves warm and melted snow into water. We kne w our food couldn’t last us long, sticking to the hope that we would be rescued soon. We knew from radio that the outside world was trying to look for the missing aircraft. However, theaircraft was white and blended in with the snow, making it impossible to be seen from the sky. Later, our hope was dead when we found out via our radio that the rescue effort ended.Now climbing over the mountains ourselves to search for help seemed to be our only chance of survival. Although the crash site was an awful place, with urine（尿）everywhere and smelling of death, I still wished to stay there. But my sister would give in to her injuries soon if we were not rescued. Thus, together with two other people, Canessa and Vizintin, I decided to walk through the icy wilderness for help. Carrying some food and water, the three climbers started our journey. If we had known anything about climbing, we would have realized that we were already finished. The mountain we were about to challenge was one with slopes so steep that it would scare away a team of expert climbers. Our ignorance provided our only chance.We endured exhaustion and starvation and we had reached the top.To our horror, we found nothing. Disappointed, we were about to give up hope when I spotted a valley at the base of the mountain and again we started making our way down the mountain.Eventually, at the bottom of the mountain we were helped by a local farmer who called the police for help. I then guided the rescue team via a helicopter to the crash site. Finally, after we had endured nineteen cruel days, the world found out that there were 16 survivors who had cheated death despite the odds.56. Why did they stay outside the plane?A. Because they didn’t want to stay with dead people inside.B. Because it’s eas ier to obtain melted snow for water.C. Because they hoped to be seen by the rescue people.D. Because other passengers were against staying inside.57. Why did the author leave the crash site despite his wish to stay?A. Because he could get help from two experienced climbers.B. Because his sister might die without timely medical help.C. Because the crash site was too terrible for him to stay in.D. Because he would like to be tested by the steep mountain slopes.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Rescue people didn’t notice the aircraft because of its color at the beginning.B. The public knew where the plane crashed from the radio.C. The author gave up the climb halfway due to disappointment.D. More than half of the plane passengers were finally rescued.59. The underlined sentence had cheated death despite the odds is closest in meaning to ________.A. had told lies about death in spite of realityB. had avoided death in spite of huge difficultiesC. had treated death with positive attitudeD. had almost died in spite of strange expectation(B)Rubbermaid Commercial Stainless(不锈的) Steel Oven Monitoring Thermometer(温度计) FGTHO550by Rubbermaid Commercial Products4.3 out of 5 stars2,274 customer reviewsPrice: $7.01Color: MetallicMade of wearable stainless steel, this oven thermometer is designed toendure the test of the toughest professional and home kitchens. The scalereads in both Fahrenheit and Celsius, and it features clearly markedtemperature differences to aid accurate readings. Easy to install, thethermometer comes equipped with a convenient hanger, so it can be suspended from an oven rail. Its self-standing design also allowsit to stand upright on a baking pan in the oven.Easy-to-Read DialThis oven thermometer measures and displays true oven temperature, helping to ensureprecise results when preparing food.Durable Stainless Steel DesignWith its stainless steel construction and rock-resistant lens, this thermometer withstandstough and repeated use. And with its long 10-year warranty, it's sure to become one of yourkitchen mainstays.About manufacturerRubbermaid Commercial Products, headquartered in Winchester, Va, is a manufacturer of innovative, solution-based products for commercial and institutional markets worldwide. Since1968, RCP has pioneered technologies and system solutions in the categories of food prep services, cleaning maintenance, waste handling, material transport, and safety products Product details.Product details●Product Dimensions: 6.1 x45x 1.5 inches; I pound●Domestic Shipping: Item can be shipped within U.S●International Shipping: This item can be shipped to selected countries outside of the U.S. LearnMore●Amazon Best Sellers Rank:#1 in Home Kitchen>Oven Thermometersspecial offers and product promotions●pay with your credit card or your Amazon. Com Gift Card. Apply now.60. Which of the following features does the product enjoy?A It's made of quality plastic easy to be bent.B. It is assisted with electronic dial reading system.C. It could be positioned within the oven in two ways.D. It is resistant to shake and press61. Which description about the product is true?A. It provides unconditional domestic and international shopping.B. It sells best in Oven Thermometers section on AmazonC Over 3000 customers have commented on the product.D. It could be paid for only through credit card.62. Which of the following products is NOT likely to be manufactured by Rubbermaid Commercial Products?A. Deskside Plastic Wastebasket.B. Airtight Snack ContainerC. Full Pan CarrierD. Over-ear Bass Sound Stereo Headphones( C )Canada is a bilingual country with "co-official" languages. English and French enjoy equal status as the official languages of all federal government institutions in Canada. This means that the public has the right to communicate with and receive services from, federal (联邦的)government institutions in either English or French. Federal government employees have the right to work in the official language of their choice in designated bilingual regions.Like the United States, Canada started as a colony. Beginning in the 1500s, it was part of New France but later became a British colony after the Seven Years' War. As a result, the Canadian government recognized the languages of both colonizers: France and England. The Constitution (宪法)Act of 1867 enshrined the use of both languages in Parliament and in federal courts. Years later, Canada strengthened its commitment to bilingualism when it passed the Official Languages Act of 1969, which reaffirmed the constitutional origins of its co-official languages and set out the protections afforded by its dual-language status.Recognition of both English and French protects the rights of all Canadians. Among other benefits, the 1969 Act recognized that Canadian citizens should be able to access federal laws and government documents, whether their native language was French or English. The general law also requires that consumer products feature bilingual packaging throughout the country.The Canadian federal government is committed to advancing the equality of status and use of the English and French languages within Canadian society and provides support to the development of English and French linguistic minority communities. However, the reality is that most Canadians speak English, and of course, many Canadians speak another language entirely.Although the federal government theoretically guarantees bilingual services in all areas, there are many regions of Canada where English is the clear majority language, so the government does not always offer services in French in those regions. Canadians use the phrase "where numbers warrant" to indicate whether a local population's language usage requires bilingual services from the federal government.While many Canadians are bilingual, they are not only speaking English or French. Statistic Canadafinds that more than 200 languages that were not English or French, were reported as a language spoken by its people. About two-thirds of the respondents who spoke one of these languages also spoke either English or French.63. The acceptance of two official languages in Canada is due to ________.A. the language –using tradition caused by Canada’s colonia l history.B. the convenience for business dealings by using two languages in the country.C. the welcome attitude toward immigrates from all over the world.D. the mastery of two languages of Canadians because of school education.64. In reality whether bilingual service provided by the federal government is necessary in different districts is decided by ________.A. the legal order from the federal governmentB. the popularity of the language in the worldC. the number of schools teaching the languageD. the number of local people using the language65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. English has gained superior legal position to French because of bigger number of users in Canada.B. The legal court usage of French and English was established in Canada in 1969.C. Both French and English should be used on products in Canada according to federal law.D. Canadian people speak either French or English in social communication.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The advantage of using multiple languages in CanadaB. The history and current situation of two language used in CanadaC. The disadvantaged status of the French language used in Canada.D. Canadians’ advancement in balancing two languages in business world.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentences given in the box. Each sentences can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. They are even believed to possess some level of consciousness.B. The creature instantly loses consciousness in half a second.C. Legal prohibition becomes the major consideration for restaurants when choosing acooking method.D. Except for moral consideration, many chefs believe stress negatively affects the flavor ofthe meat.E. It’s difficult to assess pain in other species because we cannot communicate as easily.F. It beats the former method by saving chefs’ effort in cleaning the creature.Unit the 1980s, scientists were trained to ignore animal pain, according to the belief that the ability tofeel pain was associated only with higher consciousness. However, today, scientists view humans as a species of animals, and largely accept that many species are capable of some level of self-awareness. People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion.If you slap(掌击) another person in the face, you can estimate their pain levelof self-awareness. People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion.If you slap(击掌) another person in the face, you can estimate their pain level by what they do or say in response,____67____Gradually, scientists have developed a set of indicators of pain response in non-human animals. Demonstrating a response to a negative stimulation and displaying protective behavior of injured areas are two major signs.But huge disagreement exists. For example, scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters（龙虾）feel pain. Some researchers argue lobsters are two dissimilar to vertebrates（脊椎动物）to feel pain. Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the standards for a pain response. Lobsters guard their injuries, and learn to avoid dangerous situations.____68_____In result, today most scientists agree that injuring a lobster causes physical pain.Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain, it is now illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice in some countries. Currently, boiling lobsters alive is illegal in Switzerland and New Zealand. Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal, many restaurants prefer more humane methods.___ 69___ To satisfy picky diners, more restaurants rule out the cruel cooking methods. Stabbing a lobster in the head isn't a good option, as it neither kills the lobster nor makes it unconscious.Currently, the most humane tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device electrocutes( 点击) a lobster.___ 70___ The following process of cooking is sure to cause no pain. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from boiling water during which time pain lasts.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.So, when you picked up a few things in a supermarket, a guy ran his cart over your toe with no apology. By the time when a fellow motorist had cut you off in traffic, with a rude handgesture or two, wasn't it a relief to get to the office?The answer is a definite yes. It is found that most American people today think public rudeness is on the rise, and most see that as a "major problem." Moreover, it's getting worse. Last year, people reported encountering an average of 6.2 instances per week of evil behavior. This year, the number had shot up to 10.6.The exception, it seems, is the Workshops. More than 90% of us see companies offices as . what is immune（免疫）to social bad manners. Workplaces are gettig more civil in many people's eyes. The reported cases of office incivility this year declined to 0.29%-markedly lower than cases of running into rudeness online (39%), or while driving (also39%).Of course, less-than-polite driving or letting loose with an online conduct code is, after all,unlikely to cost anyone his next raise or promotion. However, being on one's best behavior in any professional field is generally a common-sense career awareness for anyone seeking job development.But there’s more to it. Trends in how companies operate seem to have the welcome effect of encouraging coworkers to play nice. CEOS, and managers at all levels，are now keen on cooperation. Theyare trying to build a ‘Best Places to Work’culture，to attract the best available talents. This emphasis on co-working atmosphere really requires civil interactions between people.Nonetheless，a significant number of employees believe there＇s more to be done. Asked what changes they＇d like to see，62％hope that＂civility training will be continued＂,looking for bigger progress in the workplace manners.第Ⅱ卷（共40分）V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.72.您可联系校办公室了解更多信息。

2019届高三上学期英语期末区级联考试卷一、Grammar and vocabulary1. Directions: Afterreading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blankwith the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word thatbest fits each blank.TheBattle of Chancellorsville, one of the most famous battles of the Civil War,took place in Virginia in the spring of 1863. For months, the two armies hadbeen staying on opposite banks of a narrow river. The Confederate troops were led by perhaps ________ military tactician in American history, General RobertE. Lee. The Union soldiers were led by “Fighting” JoeHooker.Inappearance, personality, and lifestyle, these men were nearly perfect opposites.Lee, an older man in poor health with a gray beard, had a solemn, measuredcharacter. Hooker was a blond, broad-shouldered young man ________ pride over his appearance was but oneaspect of his self-centeredness. Whereas Lee was loyal and principled, Hookerwas known for his rollicking enjoyment of both women and whiskey.Despitethe fact that the Confederacy ________ the last four major battles andthe Union soldiers were starving, ________ , and demoralized, Hookerproclaimed, “My plans are perfect. And when I start to carry them out, ________ God have mercy on Bobby Lee, for Ishall have none.” Why was Hookerso confident?Hookerhad used spies, analysts, and even hot air balloons to compile a vast amount ofintelligence about Lee’s army. He had alread y been aware, for example, ________ Lee had only 61,000 men to Hooker’sown 134,000. Supported by his superior numbers, Hooker secretly moved 70,000 ofhis men fifteen miles up and across the river, and then ordered them to sneakback down to position themsel ves ________ Lee’s army. In effect, Hooker had cutoff the Confederate soldiers in front and behind. They were trapped. Satisfiedwith his advantage, Hooker became convinced that Lee’s only option was toretreat to Richmond, thus ________ a Union victory.YetLee, despite his disadvantages of both numbers and position, did not retreat.Instead, he moved his troops into position to attack. Union soldiers who triedto warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive ________ as cowards. Having becomeconvinced that Lee had no choice but ________ , Hooker began to ignorereality. When Lee’s army attacked the Union soldiers at 5:00 p.m., they wereeating supper, completely unprepared for battle. They abandoned their rifles andfled as Lee’s troops came shrieking out of the br ush, bayonets drawn. Againstall odds, Lee won the Battle of Chancellorsville, and Hooker’s forces withdrewin defeat.2. Directions: Fill ineach blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used onlyonce. Note that there is one word more than you need.Thehuman body can tolerate only a small range of temperature,especially when theperson is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat ________ usually occur whenlarge amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating followingexhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot ________this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heatexhaustion is generally ________ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness,dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a ________intake of water and the loss of fluids.First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim liedown, ________ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to theskin, and giving the victim sips of salt water over a 1-hour period.Heatstroke is much more serious; it is a ________ life-threateningsituation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature; a rapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blockedsweating ________. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, andfirst-aid measures should be ________ at quickly cooling the body. Thevictim should be placed in a tub of cold water or ________ sponged withcool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or airconditioners will also help with the cooling ________. Care should betaken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102°F.A.inadequateB. repeatedlyC. processD. achieveE. directedF.reactionsG. raisingH. eliminateI. characterizedJ.immediateK. mechanism二、Reading Comprehension3. Directions: For eachblank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase thatbest fits the context.Forcenturies, time was measured by the position of the sun with the use ofsundials. Noon was recognized when the sun was the highest in the sky, andcities would set their clock by this apparent 1time, even though some cities would often beon a slightly different time. Daylight Saving Time , sometimes calledsummer time, was 2to make better use of daylight. Thus, clocksare set forward one hour in the spring to move an hour of daylight from themorning to the evening and then set back one hour in the fall to return to 3daylight.BenjaminFranklin first conceived the idea of daylight saving during his term as anAmerican delegate in Paris in 1784 and wrote about it 4in his essay, “An Economical Project.” It issaid that Franklin awoke early one morning and was surprised to see thesunlight at such an hour. Always the 5,Franklin believed the practice of moving the time could save on the use of candlelight,as candles were expensive at the time.InEngland, builder William Willett became a strong supporter forDaylight Saving Time upon noticing blinds of many houses were 6on an early sunny morning. Willet believedeveryone, including himself, would appreciate longer hours of light in theevenings. In 1909, Sir Robert Pearce 7a bill in the House of Commons to make it obligatory to 8the clocks. A bill was drafted and introducedinto Parliament several times but met with great opposition, mostly fromfarmers. 9, in 1925, it was decided that summertime should begin on the day following the third Saturday in April and closeafter the first Saturday in October.TheU.S. Congress passed the Standard Time Act of 1918 to establish standard timeand 10and set Daylight Saving Time across thecontinent. This act also devised five time 11throughout the United States: Eastern,Central, Mountain, Pacific, and Alaska. The first time zone was set on “themean astronomical time of the seventy-fifth degree of longitude west fromGreenwich” . In 1919, this act was abandoned.PresidentRoosevelt established year-round Daylight Saving Time from 1942–1945. However, after this period, each state 12its own DST, which proved to be 13to television and radio broadcasting andtransportation. In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson created the Department ofTransportation and signed the Uniform Time Act. As a result, the Department ofTransportation was given the responsibility for the time laws. During the oil embargo and energy crisis of the 1970s,President Richard Nixon 14DST through the Daylight Saving Time EnergyAct of 1973 to conserve energy further. This law was 15in 1986, and Daylight Saving Time was reset tobegin on the first Sunday in April and end on the last Sundayin October .（1）A . popularB . solarC . particularD . singular（2）A . employedB . evaluatedC . distributedD . contributed（3）A . fruitfulB . fullC . beautifulD . normal（4）A . negativelyB . alternativelyC . extensivelyD . aggressively（5）A . journalistB . physicistC . chemistD . economist（6）A . closedB . openedC . fixedD . installed（7）A . introducedB . restrictedC . donatedD . deleted（8）A . stopB . adjustC . windD . mend（9）A . PermanentlyB . EventuallyC . UnfortunatelyD . Theoretically（10）A . reserveB . persevereC . preserveD .observe（11）A . placesB . districtsC . zonesD . territories（12）A . interruptedB . temptedC . importedD . adopted（13）A . pleasingB . confusingC . convincingD . comforting（14）A . extendedB . affordedC . abandonedD . defended（15）A . assembledB . combinedC . abusedD . modified4. Directions:For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage you have justread.Thelives of the Ancient Greeks revolved around Eris, a concept by which theydefined the universe. They believed that the world existed in a condition ofopposites. If there was good, then there was evil；if there was love, then there was hatred;joy, then sorrow; war, then peace; and so on. The Greeks believed that goodEris occurred when one held a balanced outlook on life and coped with problemsas they arose. It was a kind of ease of living that came from trying to bringtogether the great opposing forces in nature. Bad Eris was evident in theviolent conditions that ruled men’s lives. Although these things were found innature and sometimes could not be controlled, it was believed that bad Erisoccurred when one ignored a problem, letting it grow larger until it destroyednot only that person, but his family as well. The Ancient Greeks saw Eris as agoddess: Eris, the Goddess of Discord, better known as Trouble.Onemyth that expresses this concept of bad Eris deals with the marriage of KingPeleus and the river goddess Thetis. Zeus, the supreme ruler, learns thatThetis would bear a child strong enough to destroy its father. Not wanting tofather his own ruin, Zeus convinces Thetis to marry a human, a mortal whose child could never challenge thegods. He promises her, among other things, thegreatest wedding in all ofHeaven and Earth and allows the couple to invite whomever they please. This isone of the first mixed marriages of Greek Mythology and the lesson learned fromit still applies today. They do invite everyone . . . except Eris, the Goddessof Discord. In other words, instead of facing the problems brought on by amixed marriage, they turn their backs on them. They refused to deal directlywith their problems and the result is tragic. In her fury,Eris arrives, ruins the wedding, causes a jealous argument between the threemajor goddesses over a golden apple, and sets in place the conditions that leadto the Trojan War. The war would take place 20 years in the future, but itwould result in the death of the only child of the bride and groom, Achilles.Eris would destroy the parents’ hopes for their future, leaving the couple withno legal heirs to the throne.Hence,when we are told, “If you don’t invite trouble, trouble comes,” it means thatif we don’t dea l with our problems, our problems will deal with us .with arevenge! It is easy to see why the Greeks considered many of their mythslearning myths, for this one teaches us the best way to defeat that which candestroy us.（1）Bad Eris is defined in the passage as _______.A . the violent conditions of life.B . the problems man encounters.C . the evil goddess who has a golden apple.D . the murderer of generations.（2）Zeus married Thetis off because _______.A . he needed to buy the loyalty of a great king of mankind.B . he feared the gods would create bad Eris by competing over her.C . he feared the TrojanWar would be fought over her.D . he feared being a father of a boy who would kill him in the future.（3）Zeus did not fear a child of King Peleus because _______.A . he knew that the child could not climb Mt. Olympus and manage to kill a god.B . he knew that the child would be killed in the Trojan War which would happen in 20 years.C . he knew that no matter how strong a mortal child was, he couldn’t overthrow an immortal god.D . he knew that Thetis would always love him above everyone else.（4）What does the myth in the passage want to tell us?A . Do not consider a mixed marriage.B . Do not anger the gods.C . Do not ignore the problems that arise in life.D . Do not take myths seriously.5. Directions:For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage you have justread.The National Storytelling Youth Olympics is an event wherethousands of kids from grades 6 to 12 compete against each other by tellingstories. It is sponsored by the Master’s Degree Program in Reading andStorytelling at East Tennessee State University. The sole purpose of this eventis to promote and encourage both the art and science of storytelling amongmiddle school and high school students. Although this event is competitive, itsunderlying intent and goal is to provide students across the nation with areason to practice numerous noncompetitive skills.Those skills include skillful sportsmanship , responsiblebehavior, and anattitude of respect for others and the storytelling genre. Theeventual goal of the National Storytelling Youth Olympics is to encourage everyclassroom in America to discover the beauty of storytelling andstory performance.The National Storytelling Youth Olympics takes place usuallyaround the first weekend in March. Students from all over the country arrive bybus, plane, or automobile in Johnson City, Tennessee. They usually arrive onThursday or Friday. Those that arrive on Thursday take advantage of their earlyarrival by telling stories at local schools. On Friday, an evening meal isprepared for all contestants, coaches, and parents. Games are played, storiesare told, and lifetime friendships begin. Saturday is the day of the big event.A luncheon is held in the afternoon socontestants can familiarize themselves with the surroundings and do a soundcheck.The event is divided into three categories separated bygrades. Contestants are judged not only by their storytelling performance, butalso by the attitude and behavior they display during the entire weekend. Awinner is picked from each of the three categories; however, there is anoverall winner who is granted the name of Grand Torch Bearer. This person isselected not only by the judges, but also by the contestants. After the winnershave been announced, the contestants retreat back to their hotel where acelebratory ice cream party is held; and believe it or not, they tell morestories! This is what the National Storytelling Youth Olympics is all about:developing a love for the art of storytelling.（1）Which of the following sets of words best describes the Grand TorchBearer?A . competitive, ambitious, talentedB . respectful, responsible, skilledC . athletic, determined, creativeD . imaginative, individualistic, pessimistic （2）Why would someone MOST LIKELY choose to attend the National Storytelling Youth Olympics?A . To refine storytelling skills while meeting new friends.B . To compete fiercely with the best storytellers in the country.C . To earn money and fame.D . To develop one’s personal skill in lecture only.（3）When is dinner prepared for all contestants, coaches, and parents?A . Wednesday.B . Friday.C . Thursday.D . Saturday.6. Directions:For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage you have justread.Philosophy of Education is a label applied to the study ofthe purpose, process, nature and ideals of education. It can be considered abranch of both philosophy and education. Education can be defined as the teachingand learning of specific skills, and the imparting of knowledge, judgment andwisdom, and is something broader than the societal institution of education weoften speak of.Many educationalists consider it a weak and imprecise field,too far removed from the practical applications of the real world to be useful.But philosophers dating back to Plato and the Ancient Greeks have given thearea much thought and emphasis, and there is little doubt that their workhashelped shape the practice of education over the millennia.Plato is the earliest important educational thinker, andeducation is an essential element in “TheRepublic” . In it, he advocates some rather extreme methods:removing children from their mothers’ care and raising them as wards of thestate, and differentiating children suitable to the various castes, the highest receiving the mosteducation, so that they could act as guardians of the city and care for theless able. He believed that education should be holistic, including facts, skills, physical discipline, music andart. Plato believed that talent and intelligence is not distributed geneticallyand thus is to be found in children born to all classes, although his proposedsystem of selective public education for an educated minority of the populationdoes not really follow a democratic model.Aristotle considered human nature, habit and reason to beequally important forces to be cultivated in education, the ultimate aim ofwhich should be to produce good and virtuous citizens. He proposed thatteachers lead their students systematically, and that repetition be used as akey tool to develop good habits, unlike Socrates’ emphasis on questioning hislisteners to bring out their own ideas. He emphasized the balancing of thetheoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught, among which he clearlymentions reading, writing, mathematics, music, physical education, literature,history, and a wide range of sciences, as well as play, which he alsoconsidered important.During the period of Middle Age, the idea of Perennialismwas first formulated by St. Thomas Aquinas in his work “De Magistro”.Perennialismholds that one should teach those things deemed to be ofeverlasting importance to all people everywhere, namely principles andreasoning, not just facts , and that oneshould teach first about people, not machines or techniques. It was originallyreligious in nature, and it was only much later that a theory of worldlyPerennialism developed.During the Renaissance, the French doubter Michel deMontaigne was one of the first to critically look at education.Unusually for his time, Montaigne was willing to question the conventionalwisdom of the period, calling into question the whole structure of theeducational system, and the assumption that university-educated philosopherswere necessarily wiser than uneducated farm workers, for example.（1）Why do many educationists consider philosophy a ‘weak and imprecise field’?A . It is the practical applications of the real world.B . Its theoretical concepts are easily understood.C . It is irrelevant for education.D . It is not practically applicable.（2）What is the difference between the approaches of Socrates and Aristotle?A . Aristotle felt the need for repetition to develop good habits in students; Socrates felt that students need to be constantly questioned.B . Aristotle felt the need for rote-learning; Socrates emphasized on dialogic learning.C . There was no difference.D . Aristotle emphasized on the importance of paying attention to human nature; Socrates emphasized upon science.（3）According to the passage, the underlined word “Perennialism” most probably refers to something _____________.A . that is unnecessary.B . that is of ceaseless importance.C . that is abstract and theoretical.D . that exists no more.（4）Why did Aquinas propose a model of education which did not lay much emphasis on facts?A . Facts are not important.B . Facts do not lead to holistic education.C . Facts change with the changing times.D . Facts are frozen in time.7. Directions: Readthe passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in thebox. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two moresentences than you need.Theart of academic writing is not easy to master. ________ Academic writing is the skilfulexposition and explanation of an argument, which the writer has carefullyresearched and developed over a sustained period of time. ________ But the joy of reading and sharingwith others, one’s succinctly composed piece of argument, is incomparable.Beforebeginning to write, the writer must ask himself a few questions –Why am Iwriting? What is it that I intend to share with others? What purpose will mywriting serve? Have I read enough about the topic or theme about which I amgoing to write? ________ Because academic writing is a seriousactivity – it makes one part of a shared community of readers and writers whowish to disseminate and learn from well-argued pieces of writing.Thestructure of an argumentative essay should take the form of –Introduction, Body and the Conclusion . ________ The body should include cogent andcoherently linked paragraphs and the conclusion should re-state the argumentand offer a substantial ending to the piece.A. These questionsmay well get clearer and clearer during the process of academic writing.B. The introductionshould function as the hook which draws the reader in and holds his attention.C. It is a formalskill, which requires precision and accuracy, and is perfected by continuousand dedicated practice.D. If one is hesitantto answer even one of the aforementioned questions, one had better not write atall!E. It may take one aconsiderable period of time to know the skills of academic writing, even longafter his/her college graduation.F. It is atime-consuming activity and demands patience and perseverance.三、Summary Writing8. Directions: Read thefollowing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point of the passagein no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Whatstarted as a race to space between the United States and Russia has turned outto be a technological revolution that has greatly improved the quality of dailylife throughout the world. Scientists at the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration have invented new technology to make space flightsdoable. The same technology, when applied on Earth, has producedthousands ofproducts in the areas of health and sports that have significant impacts on ourlives.Manyof these improvements are in the fields of health and medicine. NASA-inspiredtechnology fueled the great advances in the early detection of deadly diseases.For instance, computer chips designed for the Hubble telescope are used indigital imaging devices that help medical professionals detect cancer at veryearly stages. Eye doctors can now diagnose vision problems in very youngchildren by using ocular screening. Ultrasound scanners, portable x-raydevices, and bone analyzers are among the medical devices developed with thehelp of space technology.Foglessski goggles and special sportswear are among the hundreds of items of sportsequipment inspired by NASA technology. Space technology has been applied tosports too. The running shoes that athletes use today have midsoles that actlike shock absorbers and keep the runners steady while in motion. These shoesutilize the technology NASA used to design the moon boot. In golf, athletes usea new ball that employs NASA research on how to make the flight of the ballfrom the tee to the green faster and more accurate. In swimming, athletes canswim faster because of NASA-developed riblets in the fabric of their swimsuits.Almostall aspects of daily life continue to improve because NASA scientists are stillat work. Transportation, methods of preparing food, and work environments areother ways in which NASA technology has made significant changes.四、Translation. Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.9. 遇到突发危险时，人会茫然不知所措，这是很正常的。

上海市静安区2019届九年级上学期期末一模质量监控英语试题Word版静安区2018~2019学年度第一学期期末质量调研初三英语2019.1（满分：150 分，考试时间：150分钟）考生注意：本卷有7大题。

共94 小题。

试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在试卷上不给分。

Part 1 Listening （第一部分听力）I. Listening comprehension (听力理解) (共30 分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的容，选出相应的图片) (6 分)1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______6. ______B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案)：(8分)7. A) Jim. B) Lucy. C) Kate. D) Linda.8. A) By bus. B) On foot. C) By taxi. D) By underground.9. A) Once a week. B) Once a month. C) Twice a week. D) Twice a month.10. A) Because he likes his boss. B) Because he can use traditional skills.C) Because he can be interviewed. D) Because he can earn a lot of money.11. A) Jack's car hit the wall. B) Jack saw a traffic accident.C) Jack's car ran into a huge hole. D) Jack lost control of himself12. A) Husband and wife. B) Mum and son.C) Teacher and student. D) Vet and customer.13. A) 9:10. B) 9:15. C) 9:20. D) 9:30.14. A) Their parents. B) Their friends' plans.C) Their hobbies. D) Their holiday plans.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的容, 符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示) (6分)15. Rose can go to the Grand Theatre with Steve tomorrow evening.16. Rose has no idea why her mum doesn't allow her to go.17. Steve's mum thinks Steve should stay with the family after school.18. Rose dislikes the life in her grandparents' home because it's uninteresting.19. Steve's grandpa is often asked to help Steve repair computers.20. We can learn that it's important to have fun with friends from the dialogue.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列容。

2019-2020学年上海中学高三英语上学期期末考试试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe OrchardI had a very nice meal at the Orchard restaurant．The food was lovely and the service was quite good．We chose to eat in the garden which was full of beautiful flowers and very relaxing．The only disappointment was the dessert — the apple piewas far too sweet and it was cold too．Apart from that it was an enjoyable evening．As for the price — what a bargain，excellent value for money！Park InnThe best thing about Park Inn was the service — it was excellent．There was a warm welcome when we arrived and the waiters were very helpful all evening．However，the food wasn’t as good．The menu looked interesting but the meals were rather tasteless．It’s not a cheap restaurant and I wasn’t happy to pay so much for boring food．Richard’s PlaceWhen we enteredthe restaurant，we were surprised by the lovely interior (内部的) design of it．So stylish，so modern！This is one of the most popular restaurants in town and it’s very easy to see why．The food was great and excellent value for money but it was ruined by very，very poor service！TheRiversideIt was lovely sitting outside and looking over the river．There were lots of little lanterns (灯笼) and color1 ed lights everywhere and it all looked very pretty．The food was good，nothing very special but quite tasty．The service was OK; we didn’t have to wait too long for our food but the waiter never looked very happy！It’s quite an expensive place but with the view I think it’s quite good value for money．1. In which restaurant can customers eat in the garden？A. Park Inn．B. TheOrchard．C. The Riverside．D. Richard’s Place．2. What makes the customers of Park Inn most satisfied？A. The food．B. The price．C. The service．D. The environment．3. In Richard’s Place，customers can ________．A. receive good serviceB. enjoy its moderndesignC. listen to wonderful musicD. enjoy the beauty of a riverBA smiling panda and a walking Chinese lantern will be the mascots of the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics (残奥会）in Beijing .The mascots were known to the public on Sept.17, 2019 at a ceremony inBeijing. Beijing Mayor Chen Jining described them as adorable, unique , and exquisite (精致的）。

2018学年第一学期静安区学习能力诊断卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection Al. A. At a bus station. B. At a gas station. C. At a military museum. D. At a mobile phone shop.2. A.3. B.5. C.8 D.11.3. A. He had difficulty going to sleep at night. B. He stayed up late watching TV series.C. He produced an attractive TV seriesD. He had to buy a new sleeping pillow.4. A. The woman should clean up the closet. B. The woman has bought too many new clothes.C. The woman should put on some weight.D. The woman should buy more clothes.5. A. The sunlight will burn up the jacket B. The beach is too cold.C.. She is proud of her dark skin color.D. The sunlight is helpful to her.6. A. Many activities were arranged in the bookshop.B. Many people were listening to a writer's lecture.C. The bookshop was popular because of the book resourcesD. People went to the bookshop to get free books7. A. Customers can pay cash. B. There are more varieties of goods.C. Customers can get a bargain price. D Customers can receive the goods faster.8. A. Peter isn't in his hometown himself. B. Peter isn't their good friend.C. Peter is unlikely to appear to pick them up.D. Peter owns an empty house in his hometown.9. A. Do apart-time job on campus. B. Borrow money from the woman.C. Obtain financial assistance from school.D. Study a practical case on campus10. A The man had a bad time eating with his boss. B The man had a stomachache after lunch.C. The man enjoys eating with co workers.D. The man is particular about the food he eats Section BQuestions l through 13 are based on the following passage11.A. Users can choose height range. B. Users can improve their eyesight.C. Users can select the SPF of the cream.D. Users can get a full exposure to the cream.12. A. The laziness of the inventor. B. The needs of the hotelsC. The fund the inventor obtained.D. The online usage video.13. A. Inserting coins into the equipment. B. Paying cash to the inventorC. Buying Snappy Screen card.D. Paying for the hotel roomQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage14 A. He got a medal for courage. B. He would become a French citizen.C. He got a position in the fire service.D. He received a large sum of money.15. A. He was playing a game. B. He was sleeping in the balcony.C. He was staying with his family.D. He was injured.16. A. The balcony was not strong enough. B. The boy's father left him alone at home.C. The house was on fire.D. Firemen broke into the house.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation17. A The origin of AI technology B. The bad influences AI might bring.C. The changes AI brings to humans.D. The waterproof feature of AI technology18. A Too few people he has interviewed. B. The inferior AI products on the market.C. The lack of resources on AI theory.D. The lack of fund for the study.19. A. It is located in the downtown area.. B. It has professional staffC. It offers great online resource.D. It opens to general public free of charge.20. A. To prove that the applicant has legal income. B. To guarantee applicant's ability to pay overdue fine.C. To use the bank card as the membership card.D. To pay the membership fee.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A“I love the work and experience I’ve gained, but I am frustrated by the disorganized management. Also, I’ve been told I can’t ask for more money. I can get a new job with more pay, but will (21)_leaving_动名词短语作主语_______(leave) within a year hurt my professional reputations?”The answer is , “it depends”.When we choose to leave a new job early, it sends the message that(22)something易错_______is terribly wrong, especially in the current economic climate(23)_where定从易错_______ unemployment is higher and people are dying for jobs. That means you will somehow不知怎地look suspicious (24)whatever_易错________ you say about the leave. Saying the work is great but you don’t like management or the pay won’t go over well with受欢迎employers. To them, it sounds a bit selfish and needy贫困的. No doubt, they (25) will question________ (question) your ability to be patient or be a good team players.the general atmosphere or situation somewhere. 氛围; 形势•The economic climate remains uncertain.经济气候依然是不确定。

届高三第一学期期末质量检测英语试卷2019届高三第一学期期末质量检测英语试卷一、语法填空I love the desert 1. it makes me feel spiritual. I especially like the orange and red sunset in the desert. When the night 2. (come), I lay my blanket, build a fire, and eat some dinner. Then I like lying on the sand and looking at the countless 3. (star) in the sky. At this time I can feel more relaxed. I’ll wait for another beautiful picture in the morning, the sunrise.As the world’s po pulation grows, a lot of wild animals 1. (force) to leave their natural home. Many wild animals are in danger. People kill them for food or fur, or because they compete with humans for food supplies. 2. (lucky), animal rescue organizations are working hard 3. (preserve) endangered animals and give them help. More and more people are realizing the importance of protecting wild animals.Smokejumpers are a special type of firefighter. They jump from planes into areas that are difficult to reach by car or on foot. When they arrive there, they first examine the land and decide 1. to fight the fire. Their main goal is to stop a fire from 2. (spread). They will use basic equipment to clear land of plants and other dry materials. The work is dangerous, 3. they love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As 38-year-old Alexi Tishin, who 4. (work) as a smokejumper for 15 years, says, “This is the best job for tough guys.”二、完形填空Survival in the AndesOn October 13, 1972, a small plane flying to Chile accidentally crashed into a mountain in the Andes. How some ofthe passengers __________ to live is one of the greatest survival stories ever told.The survivors __________ inside the remains of the plane, using seat covers for blankets, and waited for a __________ that never came. Days turned into weeks. It was urgent to find a way to ______ . Three of the passengers—Canessa, Parrado, and Vizintin—volunteered to ________ through the mountains to search for help. When they left, each man wore similar clothes: three pairs of socks, a plastic bag _________ each foot to keep the water out, boots, four pairs of trousers, and four sweaters. Many of the clothes came from those who had died in the crash. The three men ______ that they would survive and bring back help.For part of the first day, they were glad to make some __________ . But as the land and weather changed, climbing became __________ . After several days, they reached what they thought was the top. They had __________ this moment for days. On the other side of the top, they hoped, would be a ______ leading down and out of the mountains. However, they saw the same snow-covered tops. All hope wasn’t _________. Although they were still in the middle of the mountains, Parrado __________ two l ow tops far away that didn’t have snow. If they could get there, they would be out of the Andes.Within the following days they walked toward the two low tops. Little by little, the landscape began to change. Snow _________ completely, and flowers were eve rywhere. “This is the valley,” Canessa said. “This is the way ____________ .” Then things of humanity started to appear—a few cans on the ground, some farm animals in a field. By December 21, the extremely __________ men made it to the town of Los Maitenes, and a rescue team was sent immediately to __________ for the survivors whowere still high in the Andes.Finally all of the remaining survivors were __________ . The memories of the crash in the Andes would be with the friends forever, but for now, their terrible __________ was over. They had made it out—_________ .1.A. learned B. managed C. decided D. expected2.A. stayed B. looked C. turned D. reached3.A. present B. danger C. message D. rescue4.A. prepare B. continue C. escape D. develop5.A. journey B. compare C. measure D. expand6.A. against B. under C. beside D. around7.A. admitted B. promised C. informed D. demanded8.A. policy B. help C. progress D. advice9.A. narrower B. heavier C. sharper D. tougher10.A. imagined B. arranged C. witnessed D. appreciated11.A. court B. valley C. border D. channel12.A. sent B. left C. lost D. kept13.A. spotted B. counted C. rejected D. mentioned14.A. declined B. froze C. spread D. disappeared15.A. behind B. out C. apart D. off16.A. tired B. disappointed C. frightened D. puzzled17.A. fight B. call C. search D. ask18.A. listed B. treated C. picked D. saved19.A. performance B. experience C. challenge D. exploration20.A. free B. cool C. alive D. crazy三、阅读理解A Writing FoolIn the seventh grade I realized I was dyslexic, which made it difficult for me to read and spell. I did really badly in my history course, so my mother said to me, “I’ll work with you for a fullweek. I’m going to show you what you can do if you put in the right amount of effort.” So we di d. We worked on history for a full week, an extra hour every day. Then I went to school and failed the test, as always. It was really upsetting.By the time I got to college I came to know that I couldn’t spell no matter how hard I tried. So I would sign up for extra courses. I’d be in registration lines all day. Then I would go around the first day of class and ask each professor: “What’s your policy on misspelling ” If he said, “Three misspellings is a fail,” I’d drop it.Although I was an academic failure, I had a great time. I had many friends and I was always popular. I was a good football player, which was important in those years because I could read my name in the newspaper. I never had a day when I would think, “People don’t like me.”In spite of my obvious weaknesses, I became successful in my career, so much so that people say to me, “So you’ve overcome dyslexia.” No. I don’t overcome it. I just learn to compensate for it. Some easy things are hard for me. Most people read 500 words a minute. I only read 200. I try not to dial a phone because I sometimes have to dial three times to get the number right. I owe my successful career to my writing instructor, Ralph Salisbury. He looked past my misspellings and gave me encouragement. So I always feel confident. When I write my books, I’m seeing everything in my imagination. I write quickly and go like the wind.The real fear that I have for dyslexic people is not that they have to struggle with their reading skills or that they can’t spell correctly, but that they will quit on themselves before they get out of school.1.When the author did badly in the course, his mother thought that .A. he needed a better teacherB. he did not work hard enoughC. he was probably too ill to studyD. he was not as smart as other children2.In college, the author was in registration lines all day to .A. choose most interesting coursesB. become friends with new classmatesC. stay distance from language teachersD. avoid courses that require correct spelling3.Which of the following best describes the author in collegeA. Happy and active.B. Shy and unhappy.C. Successful and funny.D. Quiet and unsuccessful.4.According to the author, it is important for dyslexic people .A. not to get out of schoolB. not to give up so easilyC. to learn to spell correctlyD. to develop reading skillsA unique experience awaits you at the Centre for Alternative Technology on the edge of the beautiful Snowdonia National Park.Over thirty years ago a group of people decided to try out alternative technologies. They chose a remote empty place, where rock used to be dug from the ground, as their base. Here experiments offering solutions to the world’s energy problems were carried out, and nowadays many of these ideas have become common practice. You can experience all these foryourself in just one day with us, and then take away what you have learned and put it into practice at home. Be assured it will help you save on your household energy costs!Your visit to us begins with a ride up a steep 60-metre hillside on a railway which is worked by using the weight of water. At the top of the mountain you will enjoy beautiful views to the distant coastline. Then interactive displays show the power of wind, water and sun, while showing you what can be done in an ordinary household to reduce your influence on the planet.There was no soil when the project was started, so we created our organic gardens using our own home-made soil. You can enjoy woodland walks or even notice spring flowers growing on the roofs of environmentally-friendly buildings.In 20xx we opened our new eco-adventure playground for children, and we also run workshops where they can make models and become inventors of the future by putting wind, water or solar power into their own designs.The Centre for Alternative Technology is open all year round and has good rail, road and cycle links. In fact we offer a 50% reduction on the admission price if you arrive by bicycle. There is wheelchair access for disabled visitors—telephone us in advance if you would like assistance.1.What’s the main purpose of setting up the Centre for Alternative TechnologyA. To provide people with relevant experience.B. To teach people how to reduce energy costs.C. To show the hard condition for early experiments.D. To encourage people to develop alternative technologies.2.According to the passage, visitors can .A. learn to create their own organic gardensB. appreciate the views of distant mountainsC. visit exhibitions of alternative technologiesD. enjoy woodland walks on the top of buildings3.Where is the passage most probably fromA. A literary essay.B. A research report.C. A historical novel.D. A science website.Learning to RunAn article published in the scientific journal Nature discusses an important aspect of human evolution. According to Bramble and Lieberman, Professors at the University of Utah, humans possess a number of features that make them surprisingly good runners. “We are confident that the selection for running was important in the o rigin of the human body form,” says Bramble.Traditional thinking has been that humans are poor runners compared to such animals as horses. However, this is only true if we consider running at high speed, especially over short distances. Even an athlete can hardly run as quickly as a horse does, and can only keep up a top speed for 15 seconds or so. But when it comes to long-distance running, humans will do astonishingly well. They can keep a steady pace for many kilometres, and their speed is at least at the same level with that of horses.Bramble and Lieberman examined 26 parts of human bodies. One of the most interesting of these is the nuchal ligament (韧带). When we run, it is this ligament that prevents our head from moving back and forth or from side to side. Therefore, we are able to run with steady heads, held high. Then there are Achilles tendons at the backs of our legs, forming the mechanical linksbetween the muscles to the bones. They act like strong strings and help to push us forward when we run. Besides, we have low, wide shoulders, a development which allows us to run more effectively. Add to this our light forearms, which swing in co-operation with the movement of our legs to assist balance, and one begins to appreciate the point that Bramble and Lieberman are trying to make.But what advantage is gained from being good long-distance runners One theory is that this ability may have permitted early humans to obtain food more effectively. Some scientists guess that early humans may have run after animals for great distances to make them tired before killing them. Running would also have shown another advantage: early humans might have eaten the meat left over from a kill by other large animals. They may have been warned of the existence of a freshly killed animal by vultures (秃鹰), and the faster they got to the scene of the kill, the better.“Research on the history of human ability of running has traditionally been controversial,” says Lieberman. “At the very least, I hope this theory will make many people have second thoughts about how humans learned to run and why we are built the way we are.”1.In Paragraph 2, the author mainly tells us that .A. humans are poor runners compared to horsesB. humans are good runners over long distancesC. humans may run at high speed for a short timeD. humans can keep a constant pace when running2.We can learn from Paragraph 3 that .A. tendons are a successful adaptation for runningB. strong muscles and bones keep running effectiveC. the shape of shoulders affects the position of headsD. humans can run faster if they have longer forearms3.What conclusion is drawn about early humansA. They followed birds to avoid danger.B. They were unable to kill large animals.C. They developed their big brains for running.D. They evolved running due to the need for hunting.4.What does Lieberman mean by saying the underlined sentenceA. Proving that humans run in a comfortable position.B. Informing people of the reasons why humans may run.C. Expressing appreciation of the theory of human evolution.D. Making people reconsider the idea about our body structure.Why Mars (火星) is New SettlementIs it possible to live on other planets The United States government is taking a serious look at the moon and Mars as potential places for future human settlement. The moon could serve as a training ground for later journeys to Mars. Currently, with Mars becoming the eventual long-term goal, serious questions exist as to whether the dangers of the settlement on the moon are too extreme and unnecessary.One major reason the settlement on the moon is too dangerous is the difference between the atmosphere environment of the moon and Mars. Atmosphere is important because it protects humans and all other life from a continuous attack of radiation (辐射) caused by sources such as the sun. This radiation is especially dangerous to humans because it increases the risk of cancer and can negatively change DNA. The fact that the moon has no atmosphere can cause great harm to humanbeings. Alt hough Mars’ atmosphere is significantly thinner than Earth’s, at least it has one and would create some sort of protective barrier for humans.Another important characteristic necessary for human settlement is natural resources like water, of which the moon is believed to have none. Mars, however, contains vast quantities of water ice, dry ice, and also snow. There is also sufficient evidence that water once existed at the surface of Mars and might return in the future if the planet warms. With increased technologies, the potential for settlers to remain on Mars by being increasingly self-sufficient makes Mars a much more attractive goal as the space settlement than the moon.Future settlers will not only benefit from potential water on Mars; the planet is also rich in other natural resources such as oxygen, hydrogen, and minerals, which can be well used in productive ways. For example, hydrogen can be used as fuel, and it can be combined with nitrogen (氮气) to form new materials necessary for human settlement. Due to these advantages, Mars would be a more successful planet for exploration and settlement because it contains the basic resources necessary for humans to survive.Since the environment of Mars is more similar to that of Earth and it contains resources necessary to help life exist, it should be the only option for any kind of long-term human settlement. The settlement on Mars would not only be a milestone in space but also an excellent chance for mankind to improve itself from past adventures on Earth and preserve and make the best use of the natural resources Mars has to offer.1.According to Paragraph 2, the atmosphere on Mars would .A. change the DNA structure of humansB. measure the harmful radiation from spaceC. provide protection against dangerous effectsD. cause humans to be exposed to serious illnesses2.What can be inferred about water on MarsA. It is not present in a liquid state.B. It doesn’t exist in large quantities.C. It will bring potential dangers to settlers.D. It can be easily changed into liquid forms.3.The author believes that .A. exploration of Mars takes great riskB. natural resources on Mars last foreverC. settlement on Mars is perfectly acceptableD. Mars is more suitable for settlement than Earth4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passageCP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionA. B.C. D.四、七选五Sports Fans and IdentityMany people are crazy about a particular sports team. They are big fans and seem to connect their own identity to their chosen team.Identity consists of things like gender (性别), personality, abilities, and social groups. The groups we belong to shape our identity. Related to this is the theory developed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner. 1. In knowing who we are, we may more closely identify with our social group than with our gender group. We also decide which group we belong to, based on different aspectsof our identity. According to the theory, our self-esteem—how we feel about ourselves—is reflected in the group we belong to.2. For example, we naturally protect the group we belong to, while making other groups less important. We think highly of the team we support, while we may add negative comments about an opposing team.Researchers have studied language used by sports fans. 3. By using pronouns like “we”, fans show that they feel connected with the team when it is winning. “We really killed that team. They couldn’t get the ball past us.” However, when their team didn’t do well, the fans wou ld distance themselves from the team, using different pronouns. “They didn’t know what they were doing. They had no planning.”4. They have found those fans have more self-confidence and feel more competent. They are quite sure they have the ability to deal with situations successfully or do things to a satisfactory standard.5. These people will perform better at work and earn and spend more money, so experts suggest that a winning team may have a positive influence on the economy of a city.A. They suggested that we naturally classify people into groups.B. That causes increased competitions between different groups of sports fans.C. It is probably because the victory reflects well on their personal sense of identity.D. Comments from group members certainly have a strong influence on our behavior.E. When their team did well, the fans would closely identify themselves with the team.F. That leads to the fact that we want our group to be seenmore positively than other groups.G. Social scientists have also studied the effect of winning a championship on the fans of the winning team.五、提纲类作文假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。

上海市静安区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末教学质量调研考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、语法填空Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Japan’s robot revolution in senior careJapan’s artificial intelligence expertise is transforming the elder care industry, with 1 (specialize) robotic care accomplishing more than just taking pressure off the critical shortage of caregivers. Senior care facilities across Japan are testing out such new robots 2 deliver a collection of social and physical health care and the government-backed initiative has been met with positive reviews by elderly residents.The rapidly graying population 3 (eye) by the government as a potential market for medical technology now. Disappointing government predictions show that by 2025, Japan's first baby boomers will have turned 75 and about 7 million people are likely to suffer from some form of dementia (痴呆). The nation won't be able to avoid a dementia crisis 4 an additional 380,000 senior care workers.The long-standing shortage of professional care workers has encouraged the Japanese government 5 (simplify) procedures for foreign caregivers to be trained and certified. The current Technical Intern Training Program between Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia, under 6 Economic Partnership Agreement, was extended to include nursing care as well as agriculture, fishery, and construction sectors.7 the government made efforts to increase the numbers of senior care workers, the target number of foreign graduates has still fallen flat, with the national caregiver examination proving a major obstacle to pass. The success rate for foreign students was a merely 106 students last year, 8 has slightly improved to 216 students this year. Another depressing reality is that 19 to 38 percent of foreign nurses who pass the exam opt to leave the industry and return home, 9 (cite) tough work conditions and long hours. Given the challenges, this is 10 the government believes care robots will be able to step in.二、选词填空Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word canSea-level rise predictionsA team of University of Idaho scientists is studying a fast-moving glacier in Alaska in hopes of developing better predictions on how quickly global sea levels will rise.Tim Bartholomaus, a professor in the Department of Geography and Geological Sciences, spent several weeks on Turner Glacier in Alaska’s southeastern 11 near Disenchantment Bay. The glacier is unique because, unlike other glaciers, it rises greatly every five to eight years.A surging glacier is defined, 12 , as one that starts flowing at least 10 times faster than normal. But the how and why of that glacial movement is poorly understood, although recent research suggests that global climate change increases the 13 of glacial surging.During Turner’s surges, the mass of ice and rock will increase its speed from roughly 3 feet a day to 65 feet per day.All of that is important because glaciers falling into the ocean are a major contributor to sea level rise, and current climate change models don’t 14 account for these movements. For example, Greenland’s glaciers are one of the leading contributors to global sea-level rise. Since the early 2000s, Greenland 15 from not having any effect on world sea levels, to increasing sea level by about 1 millimeter per year. Half of that yearly increase is due to warmer average temperatures, which leads to more ice melting. The other half, however, is because glaciers in Greenland are, as a whole, moving faster and running into the ocean more frequently.Glacial movement has something to do with water running underneath the glacier. Glaciers are full of holes, and water runs through those holes. When the water pressure is high underneath a glacier, it starts to move, partly because it’s lifting the mass of ice and rockoff the ground and partly because it’s 16 the underside of the glacier.But how exactly does that water move through the glacier, and how does the movement 17 the glacier’s speed? Those are the questions the scientists hope to answer.Bartholomaus, some graduate students and researchers from Boise State University, 18 onto the ice in August. They set up a base camp at the toe of the glacier and spent their days flying in on helicopters. They placed roughly 30 instruments, burying them deeply into the glacier and 19 them on rock outcroppings (露岩) alongside the glacier. This summer the team will return to get the instruments and replace batteries. Those instruments will 20 on and around the glacier until the glacier surge stops, providing researchers with before and after data.三、完形填空Investors probably expect that following the suggestions of stock analysts would makeGennaioli and his colleagues shows that the best way to gain excess return s would be to invest in the shares least favored by analysts. They compute that, during the last 35 years,were most pessimistic about would have yielded a surprising 15 percent a year.Gennaioli and colleagues shed light on this 24 with the help of cognitive sciences and, in particular, using Kahneman and Tversky's concept of representativeness. Decision makers, according to this view, 25 the representative features of a group or a phenomenon. These are defined as the features that occur more frequently in that group than in a baseline reference group.After observing strong earnings growth—the explanation goes—analysts think that the firm may be the next Google. “Googles” are in fact more frequent among firms experiencing strong growth, which makes them 26 . The problem is that “Googles” are very 27 in absolute terms. As a result, expectations become too optimistic, and future performance 28 . A model of stock prices in which investor beliefs follow this logic can account both qualitatively and quantitatively for the beliefs of analysts and the dynamics (动态变化) of stock returns.In related work, the authors also show that the same model can 29 booms and busts in the volume of credit and interest rate spreads.These works are part of a research project aimed at taking insights from cognitive sciences and at 30 them into economic models. Kahneman and Tversky's concept of “representativeness” lies at the heart of this effort. “In a classical example, we 31 to think of Irishmen as redheads because red hair is much more frequent among Irishmen than among the rest of the world,” Prof. Gennaioli says. “However, only 10 percent of Irishmen are redheads. In our work, we develop models of belief formation that show this logic and study the 32 of this important psychological force in different fields.”Representativeness helps describe 33 and behavior in different fields, not only in financial markets. One such field is the formation of stereotypes about social groups. In a recent experimental paper, Gennaioli and colleagues show that representativeness can explain self-confidence, and in particular the 34 of women to compete in traditionally male subjects, such as mathematics. A slight prevalence of 35 male math ability in the data is enough to make math ability un-representative for women, driving their under confidence in this particular subject.21．A．Consequently B．Furthermore C．Nevertheless D．Meanwhile 22．A．curious B．controversial C．concerned D．optimistic 23．A．In brief B．By contrast C．In addition D．Without doubt 24．A．engagement B．concentration C．puzzle D．definition 25．A．memorize B．prioritize C．modernize D．fertilize 26．A．representative B．argumentative C．executive D．sensitive 27．A．harsh B．adaptable C．crucial D．rare 28．A．cheers B．disappoints C．stabilizes D．improves 29．A．account for B．count on C．suffer from D．hold up 30．A．pouring B．admitting C．integrating D．tempting 31．A．pretend B．afford C．offer D．tend 32．A．effects B．delights C．intervals D．codes 33．A．companions B．scales C．expectations D．findings 34．A．necessity B．involvement C．perseverance D．reluctance 35．A．equivalent B．exceptional C．mysterious D．distressing四、阅读选择Montessori was born in Italy in 1870 with progressive parents, who frequently communicated with the country’s leading thinkers and scholars. This enlightened family environment provided Montessori with many advantages over other young girls of the time.Her mother’s support was vital for some important decisions, such as her enrolment in a technical school after her elementary education. Her parents’ support also proved to be essential for her decision to study medicine, a field that was dominated by men.Soon after graduating, in 1896, Montessori began work as a voluntary assistant in a clinic at the University of Rome, where she cared for children with learning difficulties. The rooms were bare, with just a few pieces of furniture. One day, she found that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs (面包屑) that had dropped on the floor. It then occurred to her that the origin of some intellectual disabilities could be related with poverty. With the right learning materials, these and other young minds could be nurtured, Montessori concluded.The observation would lead Montessori to develop a new method of education that focused on providing optimal stimulation during the sensitive periods of childhood.At its centre was the principle that all the learning materials should be child-sized and designed to appeal to all the senses. In addition, each child should also be allowed to move and act freely, and use their creativity and problem-solving skills. Teachers took the role of guides, supporting the children without press or control.Montessori opened her first Children’s House in 1907. When the Fascists (法西斯主义者) first came into power in Italy in 1922, they initially embraced her movement. But they soon came to oppose the emphasis on the children’s freedom of expression. Montessori’s values had always been about human respect, and the rights of children and women, but the Fascists wanted to use her work and her fame.Things reached a breaking point when the Fascist tried to influence the schools’ educational content, and in 1934 Montessori and her son decided to leave Italy. She didn’t return to her homeland until 1947, and she continued to write about and develop her method until her death in 1952, at the age of 81.36．The primary reason for Montessori to develop a new educational method was ______.A．her family’s supportive influence on her educationB．her experience as a voluntary assistant in a clinicC．her observation of children playing with breadcrumbs happilyD．her decision to study medicine, a field dominated by men37．What was a central principle of Montessori’s educational method as described in the passage?A．Providing standardized, one-size-fits-all learning materials.B．Encouraging strict discipline and control over children’s actions.C．Focusing on rote memorization and competition.D．Creating a free and children-centered learning environment.A．she wanted to explore other countries and culturesB．she wanted to avoid the Fascist’s influence on her workC．she was offered a better job in a different countryD．she wanted to retire and enjoy a peaceful life in another country39．Which of the following words can best describe Montessori in this passage?A．Observant and innovative.B．Traditional and emotional.C．Progressive and dependent.D．Open-minded and indifferent.Reducing the workweek to four days could have a climate benefit. In addition to improving the well-being of workers, cutting working hours may reduce carbon emissions. But those benefits would depend on a number of factors, experts emphasize, including how people choose to spend nonworking time.Commuting and travelTransportation is the biggest contributor to greenhouse emissions. A November 2021 survey of 2,000 employees and 500 business leaders in the United Kingdom found that if all organizations introduced a four-day week, the reduced trips to work would decrease travel overall by more than 691 million miles a week.But the climate benefits of less commuting could be eliminated, experts said, if people choose to spend their extra time off traveling, particularly if they do so by car or plane.Energy usageShorter working hours could lead to reductions in energy usage, experts said. According to a 2006 paper, if the United States adopted European work standards, the country wouldconsume about 20 percent less energy.Energy could also be conserved if fewer resources are needed to heat and cool large office buildings, reducing demands on electricity. For example, if an entire workplace shuts down on the fifth day, that would help lower consumption — less so if the office stays open to accommodate employees taking different days off.Lifestyle changesIt’s possible that fewer working hours may lead some people to have a larger carbon footprint, but experts say research suggests that most people are likely to shift toward more sustainable lifestyles.One theory is that people who work more and have less free time tend to do things in more carbon-intensive ways, such as choosing faster modes of transportation or buying prepared foods. Convenience is often carbon-intensive and people tend to choose convenience when they're time-stressed. Meanwhile, some research suggests that those who work less are more likely to engage in traditionally low-carbon activities, such as spending time with family or sleeping.“When we talk about the four-day workweek and the environment, we focus on the tangible, but actually, in a way, the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible,” experts said.40．What is identified as the leading cause of greenhouse emissions according to the passage?A．The well-being of employees.B．The conservation of energy.C．Commuting and travel.D．The European work standard.41．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence “the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible” in the last paragraph?A．People will have big potential in achieving intangible benefits while working.B．People are more likely to engage in carbon-intensive activities due to time constraints.C．People may shift toward more sustainable lifestyles and lower carbon footprints.D．People may travel more frequently by car or plane during their extra time off.A．highlight the importance of shortening working time in the context of well-beingB．provide an overview of transportation emissions worldwideC．analyze the impact of reduced working hours on mode of businessD．illustrate factors affecting the climate benefits of a shorter workweekThe cultivation of plants by ants is more widespread than previously realized, and has evolved on at least 15 separate occasions.There are more than 200 species of ant in the Americas that farm fungi (真菌) for food, but this trait evolved just once sometime between 45 million and 65 million years ago. Biologists regard the cultivation of fungi by ants as true agriculture appearing earlier than human agriculture because it meets four criteria: the ants plant the fungus, care for it, harvest it and depend on it for food.By contrast, while thousands of ant species are known to have a wide variety of interdependent relationships with plants, none were regarded as true agriculture. But in 2016, Guillaume Chomicki and Susanne Renner at the University of Munich, Germany, discovered that an ant in Fungi cultivates several plants in a way that meets the four criteria for true agriculture.The ants collect the seeds of the plants and place them in cracks in the bark of trees. As the plants grow, they form hollow structures called domain that the ants nest in. The ants defecate (排便) at designated absorptive places in these domain, providing nutrients for the plant. In return, as well as shelter, the plant provides food in the form of fruit juice.This discovery prompted Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships to see if there are other examples of plant cultivation that have been overlooked. “They have never really been looked at in the framework of agriculture,” says Chomicki, who is now at the University of Sheffield in the UK. “It’s definitely widespread.”The team identified 37 examples of tree-living ants that cultivate plants that grow on trees, known as epiphytes (附生植物). By looking at the family trees of the ant species, the team was able to determine on how many occasions plant cultivation evolved and roughly when. Fifteen is a conservative estimate, says Campbell. All the systems evolved relatively recently, around 1million to 3 million years ago, she says.Whether the 37 examples of plant cultivation identified by the team count as true agriculture depends on the definitions used. Not all of the species get food from the plants, but they do rely on them for shelter, which is crucial for ants living in trees, says Campbell. So the team thinks the definition of true agriculture should include shelter as well as food.43．According to biologists, why is ant-fungus cultivation considered as a form of true agriculture?A．Because it occurred earlier than human agriculture.B．Because it fulfills the standards typical of agricultural practices.C．Because it redefines the four criteria for true human agriculture.D．Because it is less common than previously thought.44．What motivated Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships?A．They determined on new family trees of the ant species.B．They overlooked some tree-living ants that provided nutrients for the plants.C．They never studied the ant-plant relationships within the context of agriculture.D．They never identified any an t species that engaged in cultivation of fungi. 45．Which of the following statements is supported by the team's findings according to the passage?A．Ants’ cultivation of plants is limited to a few specific species.B．The cultivation of fungi by ants is considered the earliest form of agriculture.C．True agriculture in ants involves only food-related interactions with plants.D．Ants have independently cultivated plants on at least 15 distinct occasions. 46．What is the passage mainly about?A．The evolution of ants in the plant kingdom.B．The widespread occurrence of ant-plant cultivation.C．The discovery of a new ant species engaging in agriculture.D．The contrast between ant agriculture and human agriculture.What is the likelihood of you having someone who looks just like you? Would it be a good thing? And if you did have one, would you want to meet them?Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you. Your passport, ID card and driving license all feature your face. 47 You may need your face to unlock your smartphone and possibly even need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene.The word “doppelgänger” refers to a person who looks the same as you, essentially sharing your features; those that you thought were unique to you and your identity. Not identical twins, as a doppelgänger has no relation to you. The idea originated in German folklore. 48So, let's get real. What are the chances of you having one in the first place? There's said to be a one in 135 chance of an exact match for you existing anywhere in the world, so the chances are pretty low, despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise. And the chances of meeting? The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion.That said, these statistics may be a good thing. Historically, having a double wasn't always a positive. Back in 1999, an innocent American man, indistinguishable from the real criminal, was sent to prison for robbery, where he stayed for 19 years. 49 . In a different case, a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelgänger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity!50 The fascination with doppelgängers may be rooted in historical beliefs that facial resemblance meant they were from the same family or had a common ancestor. It leads to the hope that one day you will meet your lookalike, creating the thrill of a potentially strange meeting. However, as these encounters can be both interesting and disturbing, we understand that after such an experience, you might not want to meet your doppelgänger again.A．In the end, it turned out to be a case of mistaken identity.B．Doppelgängers will also have some of the same DNA as you.C．To enter your workplace, you likely need to be recognizable.D．Why are people interested in finding their possible doppelgangers?E．Eventually, discovering a person's doppelgänger might widen trust boundaries.F．A doppelgänger was said to be a spirit-double that copied every human and beast on earth.五、书面表达51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Competitive CheerleadingOver the years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders’ main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitivecheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling (翻腾运动) ability. It’s a very common thing for gymnasts, so it’s easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. They also perform lifts and throws.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the more difficult the action is, the better the score is. That’s why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance. Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women. Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. So without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach.___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ _________________________六、翻译52．如果不好好准备，周五的演讲可能会变得一塌糊涂。

高三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷（本试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In two weeks. B. Within two weeks. C. Two weeks ago. D. For two weeks.2. A. At a garage. B. In a parking lot. C. At a car shop. D. In a car showroom.3. A. Sell the ice cream. B. Take a bite of the ice cream.C. Make a wish.D. Pass up the food.4. A. $5.00. B. $8.00. C. $3.00. D. $2.5.5. A. She's unwilling to do it.B. She is afraid of donating blood.C. Donating blood is none of her business.D. She's ready to donate blood.6. A. Sick. B. Quite well. C. Excited. D. Confused.7. A. She has only one coat so she can't choose.B. She has a coat but she doesn't want to wear it.C. She hopes that the man can lend her one.D. She doesn't wear a coat since she hasn't one.8. A. She's wondering how many hands she has.B. She doesn't want to help the man.C. She can't handle this suitcase by hand.D. She would help the man in hand.9. A. She can't prevent her family members from missing her.B. She can't help her family because she is not strong enough.C. She misses her family because she doesn't do well in the new school.D. She misses her family because she doesn't get used to the school's life.10. A. She was busy eating something delicious.B. Johnson was too busy to talk to someone.C. She didn't notice who Johnson was talking to.D. Johnson was meeting the new guests then.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Waste from animal. B. Agricultural chemicals.C. Industrial waste.D. Safe containers.12. A. Undamaged metal cans. B. All the boxes of juice or milk.C. Leaking cans.D. Waterproof containers.13. A. You should clean up the cans only.B. You should brush the cans and then put them in boiled water.C. You should place the cans in safe areas.D. You should make the cans clean and boil them thoroughly.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A laboratory assistant. B. A chemistry teacher.C. A teacher of a laboratory.D. A professor in the hospital.15. A. He can make up the class.B. He will be dropped from the class.C. He will be reported immediately.D. He will attend other classes.16. A. It must be fastened tightly together.B. It should be cut right away.C. The students will be asked to leave the class.D. The students' parents will be called to school.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Purple. B. Black. C. Natural. D. Gray.18. A. Because she is afraid to appear in a magazine.B. Because she thinks dyeing hair will do harm to hair.C. Because she hopes to be different from others.D. Because she is afraid to be punished by her parents.19. A. Having it cut immediately. B. Letting it be.C. Having it dyed again.D. Dyeing it themselves.20. A. Dye her hair right away. B. Buy some cheap dye.C. Keep her hair natural.D. Choose some special products.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Ten year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with her family in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are soldiers on the streets, and the country (21) ______ (occupy) by the Nazis. There isn't enough to eat, and the world is at war. Then the Nazis decide to"relocate"the country's Jewish population. The Danes don't know (22) ______ their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don't know where they are going, either. But they do know that it is wrong and dangerous and that they must help.Number the Stars is a very powerful novel. During World War II, the Nazis (23) ______ (kill) millions of people in Europe. Many of those people were Jewish. But in Denmark, almost all of the Jewish population was saved. Number the Stars is a work of fiction, but it tells the true story of the Jewish (24) ______ (rescue) during the war. The moving plot is driven by justice, danger and excitement. But the book also deals with significant ideas that are much (25) ______ (big) than the story itself.Annemarie must learn that evil doesn't just appear in fairy tales. It's a real thing that affects real people. She must also struggle with questions of loyalty and sacrifice. Who would she die to protect? And is she brave enough (26) ______ (make) that sacrifice? Most importantly, Annemarie learns that (27) ______ (be) brave doesn't mean being fearless. It means doing the right thing despite the fact (28) ______ you are afraid. That's heavy stuff for a children's novel.I have taught Number the Stars to many classes at many different levels. It has always been a popular choice. It uses simple language and sentences. It is easy to read and provides clear examples of literary techniques like foreshadowing(预示). But it is also interesting, and the characters are (29) ______ (engage) . The plot is full of tension.Lois Lowry, the author, has written many award-winning novels for young people. Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent (30) ______ has made her so celebrated.Section BDirections:After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A. commonB. votingC. effortsD. electedE. endF. protestingG. sayH. exercisedI. arguedJ. equalK. rightsIn most democracies today, people expect women to vote. Women are just as able to make decisions about their 31 leaders as men. But 200 years ago, most people didn't think so.As late as the middle of the 19th century only men voted in most Western countries. A few countries or states let women vote in local elections. But women voting was far from 32 . At that time, people believed that women belonged in the home. That meant they should not get involved with public life.But women in Europe, North America and New Zealand began 33 this situation. They believed that they should have a(n) 34 in their government's leaders. In 1792 an English novelist named Mary Wollstonecraft 35 that women should be able to vote. In the United States, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were important figures. They met whilecampaigning to put a(n) 36 to slavery. In the process, they decided that women also should have more 37 .Yet despite the 38 of these women neither Great Britain nor the United States was the first country to let women vote. That honor goes to New Zealand, which changed their law on September 19, 1893. This was because of women like Kate Shepherd. She led a group that presented petitions（请愿书）to their parliament three years in a row. Shepherd is now honored on New Zealand's $10 bill.New Zealand was followed by Australia in 1902 and Finland in 1906. By this time, some U.S. states and territories allowed women to vote. But the country as a whole didn't give women the right until after World War I.In many countries, the right to hold political office came along with the right to vote. And women have 39 that right. In many countries, women have even held their country's highest office. All of that is due to the efforts of the women who fought for a(n) 40 voice.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The search for new, clean energy sources has occupied the attention of scientists and politicians for years. One common 41 for green energy is the wind. A new twist on this old resource could cause the energy output of wind-power plants to increase greatly.Standard wind-power plants rely on strong support and 42 can only reach a height of 200 meters or so. Higher than that, winds tend to be stronger and steadier, but the challenge is 43 how to obtain the energy from those winds.Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences in Germany have formed a kite-power research group. The group is working to develop kites with inflatable（可充气的）wings 44 to electrical generators (发电机) on the ground.The research group's goal is to design a kite that can operate on its own for 24 hours. Research has begun, but many challenges remain, including making the generators more 45 and perfecting the automatic flight control and the structure of the kites. Nevertheless in June 2012, they demonstrated that their kites could operate 46 at an altitude of up to 700 meters.Meanwhile, in Italy, researchers are working on a(n) 47 power generator that relies on kites when the generator called KiteGen, senses the wind blowing, kites are 48 from the ends of poles with high-resistance cables to control their height and angle. These cables are able to move the kites if the system senses coming objects 49 planes, helicopters or even individual birds. The kites themselves are light, tough and able to reach fairly high altitudes. They loop（绕行）around in the wind, which sets the center of the generator in motion, 50 electric current.KiteGen has the 51 to be very cost-effective in the long run. After the original cost of designing and setting up the plant, little 52 investment will be necessary, apart from standard maintenance. The plant also requires 53 little space, which makes it ideal for cities and means that multiple plants can be set up to provide even more 54 .Kite power has the potential to greatly 55 on current wind-power strategies. In thefuture, it may be an efficient, cost-effective supplement to the other sources of energy we use, or even a replacement for some of them.41.A.resolution B.proposal C.resource D.substitute42.A.generally B.frequently C.continually D.regularly43.A.carrying out B.figuring out C.breaking out D.picking out44.A.chosen B.applied C.collected D.connected45.A.efficient plete C.powerful D.positive46.A.actively B.passively C.automatically D.artificially47.A.strange B.similar C.different D.original48.A.fastened B.revealed C.tailored D.released49.A.except for B.instead of C.such as D.due to50.A.producing B.inventing C.promoting D.developing51.A.qualification B.potential C.trend D.intention52.A.normal B.formal C.additional D.alternate53.A.concretely B.abstractly C.thoroughly D.relatively54.A.energy B.strength C.technology D.opportunity55.A.focus B.extend C.improve D.transferSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Many people experience problems with their spine(脊椎) as they age. The tissue that protects the joints in the spine gradually breaks down. As a consequence, the bones in the spine begin to rub against each other. This further harms the tissue as well as the bones. The result is pain in the joints and, sometimes, in nerves near the spine.This painful problem is actually a disease called osteoporosis. Some people are more at risk of osteoporosis because of genes that they inherited from their ancestors. Extremely heavy people are also more likely to suffer from this disease because their extra weight puts much pressure on their joints. Fortunately, there are steps that people can take to help prevent osteoporosis from developing in their spine.The most important step is exercise. Stretches can help the muscles around the spine relax and allow bones to shift into better alignment(排列). Strength exercises with light weights or body weight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around the spine. However, people should not overdo these exercises, as repeated motions can strain the muscles around the spine. Trying to lift heavy weights with poor technique can have the same effect.Another important factor is diet. It affects the health of the spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. These include B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids, all of whichhelp keep nerves healthy. People can get more B vitamins and omega 3 fatty acids by taking supplements sold by stores. Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones. All of these vitamins and acids can be obtained from foods. Thus, people can help themselves by including them in their daily diets.56. What does this article mainly explain?A. Various aspects of a medical conditionB. The actions of viruses that cause illnessesC. Drugs often used to solve physical issuesD. The location of organs in the human body57. How does the writer begin this article?A. By predicting improvementB. By analyzing a series of dataC. By introducing minor injuriesD. By describing a gradual process58. What can readers find in this article?A. A warning about working out too hardB. A method for improving sleep qualityC. A slogan used to promote health classesD. A big criticism often aimed at doctors59.What does the article imply about supplement?A. They are mainly for youngsters.B. They are commercial products.C. They are now being researched.D. They are seldom truly effective.(B)In late March of 2018, a tear in the earth about 15meters wide and 20 meters deep suddenly appeared inKenya. It cut across roads and even split houses in two.This crack appeared out of nowhere after heavy rainsand an increase in seismic(地震的) activity. Somescientists believe that it's further proof that Africa isslowly splitting apart.Once, a very long time ago, Africa and SouthAmerica were one landmass before they separated.Similarly, one day in the very distant future, a largepart of East Africa will split off from the rest of thecontinent. This will create a new landmass and a newocean. The breakup is a result of plate tectonics (板块运动), the gradual motion of different parts of theEarth's crust.When plates of the Earth separate and tear away from each other, it is called rifting. The result is a rift valley. Scientists don't understand the exact mechanism behind rifting, but the results are easy to observe in the East African Rift System( EARS). That's why studying this part of the world is so important.The East African Rift System begins in the north in Ethiopia, where three plates are movingaway from each other. Two of them are continental plates, the African and Arabian plates. They are tectonic plates that have a large landmass above water. The third is the Somali plate, considered a minor plate, which is steadily moving away from the other two. But don't plan on visiting the new ocean anytime soon. The plates are moving at a rate of about 6 millimeters a year. At that speed, millions of years will pass before a new ocean is formed.EARS is not all bad news for Kenya. A rift valley is composed of an area where there is increased volcanic activity and thinned planetary crust. This makes it easier to take advantage of the power of steam. For Kenya, this might be an answer to the country's electrical problems. The drought conditions that frequently occur there make it difficult to produce energy. But the geothermal (地热的) power plants going online in 2019 will allow them to produce clean energy with very little water.60.What can be concluded from the passage?A.A war will certainly break out in Africa.B.A disaster will suddenly strike Africa.C.A geological structure will change in Africa.D.A new country will come into being in Africa.61.Which of the following plates might be surrounded by water according to the passage?A.East Africa.B. Somali plate.C. Arabian plate.D. Africa plate.62.What problem may be solved in Kenya thanks to the cracking?A.Poverty.B. Economy.C. Drought.D. Energy.(C)Are you worried about money? If so, I have some good news for you. Someone once said, "If all your problems can be solved with money, then you don't have any. "I get the point. Unless you are on the edge of losing everything and living in your car (which is a very sad thing that happens to people every day), your perceptions of your problems may not be serving you well.Let's take a look. Can you pay your living expenses and support your family? If so, you are OK. Even if you are a family that just barely breaks even every month, you have to count that as a blessing. Most of us also have those terrible, surprising unexpected bills. But unless you lose your job or your mind, don't you always find a way to take care of those expenses?PERTINENT（切中要害的）QUESTIONSTo see if you worry too much about finances, ask yourself a couple of questions. Do you wake up worried about money? Do you check your bank balance and look at upcoming bills more than once every few days or even multiple times a day? If so, then you may have a little financial insecurity going on. Let's look at getting it under control. If it's making you crazy, it can make your family a little crazy too. This type of anxiousness is passed on to others, which is important to remember whenever you have the urge to share your fears.TOO MUCH INFORMATIONTMI (too much information) happens because it seems that by releasing pent-up（压抑的）feelings of anxiety you will feel better and hopefully more supported. And this can happen, but not with your loved ones because they will take on your fear and magnify it. Talk instead with yourfinancial advisor, your bank manager or your therapist. Laying your financial fears at the feet of your family is not good for them or for you. Yes, be honest about any problems, but if you get emotional, so will those closest to you.POSITIVE ACTIONIt's hard to be dispassionate about money, but honestly, it's really the best way to get this issue solved. You have to look at it from a practical standpoint. Go over your debts, look closely at your assets and determine the best thing for you to do with your time right now.Maybe you need to use this time to get your books in order on your computer or use it to job hunt or to promote your business. Then again, you may need to hire an accountant and go on some interviews. The point is simple: the only way to relieve yourself of the uncomfortable feeling of financial pressure is to take some kind of positive action.63.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Financial problems are not vital ones in everyone's daily life.B.You'd better calm down when you have financial problems.C.You needn't worry about unexpected bills even if you're out of work.D.When you have financial fears, remember to share feelings with others.64.The passage implies that ______.A.the best way to deal with money problem is to take positive actionB.as long as we share feelings with others, money fear will disappearC.we should have an optimistic attitude toward financial fearsD.any problem we meet can be solved with the help of money65.The phrase lay your financial fears at the feet of your family in the sixth paragraphprobably means ______.A.to solve financial fears caused by your familyB.to help your family smartly avoid financial fearsC.to make your family responsible for financial fearsD.to encourage your family to face financial fears bravely.66.The best title of the passage is ______.A.Perceptions of money and valueB. Passion, money and familyC. Keeping balance of psychologyD. Dealing with money worriesSection CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.A.Other people experience false guilt because of high expectations for themselves.B.It's possible that you feel guilty because you actually did something wrong.C.Others try to cover up their guilt by blaming others or becoming angry.D.It can also motivate people to avoid making similar mistakes later.E.In this case, it's important to remind yourself that you have limits.F.Moreover, guilt can result in physical and mental discomforts meanwhile.Guilt is one of the most painful emotions that humans experience but also one of the most common. Nobody enjoys feeling guilty, but this emotion serves an important purpose: It alerts aperson when he or she has done something wrong. This enables the person to make amends and work to heal relationships that were damaged by their actions. 67Nevertheless, guilt can be destructive if it is not dealt with in the right way. It can cause people to avoid others because they are too embarrassed to apologize for their actions or inaction. Some try to avoid the pain of guilt by turning to other worse habits. 68 The proper response to guilt depends on what kind of guilt you're dealing with. For false guilt, it's important to recognize that the guilt does not reflect an actual ethical failure.For example, some false guilt focuses on falling to meet expectations you had for yourself.69 No one is perfect, and no one can do everything, so admitting your limits is actually a sign of humility.It's also important to acknowledge what you are feeling. Even when you don't need to feel guilty, these feelings are real and normal. Try to balance them with positive thoughts, but realize that it often takes time for feelings to change.70 If so, don't try to conceal it. Apologize and ask for forgiveness. Learn from your mistakes, and try to avoid committing the same acts again. Getting on well with the person you hurt should make your guilty feelings fade.Guilt is painful, but it can serve a good purpose if you use it well.IV. Summary Writing71. Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Have you ever been involved in an animal rescue? This is what happened to Winter the dolphin. Winter was found off the coast of Florida in December of 2005. She was just a few months old, alone, and caught in a crab trap. The ropes from the trap were wrapped tightly around her body.The fisherman who found her called for help, and a rescue team soon arrived. The ropes had cut off the blood circulation to her tail. She was badly hurt. Her rescuers didn't think she would survive. Hoping for a miracle and racing against time to save her, the rescuers transferred her to the Clearwater Marine Aquarium in Florida.The doctors managed to save Winter, but sadly, not her tail. Her tail flukes were too damaged and had to be removed so Winter could live.The little dolphin Winter survived against all odds, but she would never be able to swim normally without a tail. Thankfully the story doesn't end here. Winter was able to swim, but not very well. Because she didn't have a tail, she moved her body in a side-to-side motion like a shark. But the doctors at the aquarium were worried that the unconventional movement would hurt her spine.Kevin Carroll heard Winter's story and thought he could help. He is a specialist who designs and provides prostheses (义肢) for people. If he could help people, why not help a dolphin? He started working with Winter and came up with a solution for a new fluke and tail section.Kevin designed a stretchy sleeve to fit Winter's body and protect her skin. Then a tail made of silicone and plastic was made to tightly fit over the sleeve. Now Winter can swim like otherdolphins. And, she is a great inspiration to people who struggle with their own injuries.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.交友时勿以貌取人。