必修一综合能力测试及答案

综合能力测评(四)Unit 4本套试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。

第Ⅰ卷70 分，第Ⅱ卷50 分，共120 分。

考试时间100 分钟。

第Ⅰ卷(选择题共70 分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共两节；满分40 分)第一节(共15 小题；每小题2 分，满分30 分)AWanted, someone for KissWe're looking for producers to join us on the sound of London Kiss 100 FM. You'll work on the station's music programmes. Music production experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100.Father ChristmasWe're looking for a very special person, preferably over 40, to fill our Father Christmas suit.Working days: Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December 17 to December 24 except Sundays, 10：30—16：00.Excellent pay.Please contact the Enterprise Shopping Centre, Station Parade, Eastbourne.Accountants AssistantWhen you join the team in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties. If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you. This position is equally suitable for a school•l eaver or for somebody who has office experience.Wealden District CouncilSoftware TrainerIf you are aged 24～45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in program writing. You will be allowed to make your own decisions, and to design courses as well as present them.Pay upwards of ￡15，000 for the right person. Please apply by sending your CV(简历) to Mrs R．Oglivie, Palmlace Limited.1．Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station?A．Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100.B．Mrs R．Oglivie, Palmlace Limited.C．The Enterprise Shopping Centre. D．Wealden District Council.2．We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who．A．is aged between 24 and 40B．may do some training workC．should deal with general dutiesD．can work for about a month3．Which position is open to recent school graduates? A．Producers, London Kiss. B．Father Christmas.C．Accountants Assistant. D．Software Trainer.4．What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited?A．One with GCSE grade C level.B．One with some office experience. C．Onehaving good computer knowledge. D．Onetrained in producing music programmes.BElizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission(录取)to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling.In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师), but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea.Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital, she also set up the first medical school for women.5．Why couldn't Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon?A．She couldn't get admitted to medical school.B．She decided to further her education in Paris.C．A serious eye problem stopped her.D．It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States.6．What main obstacle(障碍) almost destroyed Elizabeth's chances for becoming a doctor?A．She was a woman.B．She wrote too many letters.C．She couldn't graduate from medical school.D．She couldn't set up her hospital.7．How many years passed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of her hospital?A．Eight years. B．Ten years.C．Nineteen years. D．Thirty•s ix years.8．According to the passage, all of the following are “first s” in the life of Elizabeth Blackwell EXCEPT that she .A．became the first woman physicianB．was the first woman doctorC．and several other women founded the first hospital for women and childrenD．set up the first medical school for womenCLi Bingyin is now studying law at the Stern School of Business at New York University. She wrote this letter just before Hurricane Sandy destroyed the East Coast.Dear readers，The storm will really take a toll on the city! Right now I am sitting in my dormitory, waiting for the blackout(停电) to come at any second, and listening to the wind howl outside my windows. Hurricane Sandy is supposed to hit the East Coast hard today. Due to the bad weather, most schools and universities have cancelled classes for Monday and Tuesday.Luckily, the university has taken measures to prepare for this storm. University officials sent out e•m ails with explanation in the case of a blackout, evacuation(撤离), or other emergencies. Just recently, I received several text messages from the school about power off in certain dormitories. They advised us to prepare a bag with essentials(生活必需品), in case we need to leave the building and relocate to a safer location.Yesterday I went out to buy a flashlight, but all of the nearby stores were sold out. Everyone was stocking up on(存储) water, food and other supplies for the storm.Right now the city is unusually quiet. On any other day, there would be the sounds of cars, people chatting, and street artists performing. Tonight, there's just the wind and rain hitting the windows. The subway system has been closed since last night, and there is rarely anyone on the streets. Hopefully Hurricane Sandy will soon pass without leaving much damage.Sincerely，Li Bingyin9．From the passage we can know that．A．Hurricane Sandy has already caused great damage to New YorkB．the author went out to buy a flashlight but failedC．most people haven't been prepared for the coming of Hurricane SandyD．most schools and universities have cancelled classes for three days10．What measures has the university taken to prepare for the storm?A．The university has asked students to leave the school at once.B．The university has asked students to close all the windows and doors.C．The university has sent text messages to students about what time the storm will come.D．The university has asked students to prepare necessary things in case of evacuation.11．The underlined phrase “take a toll”means “”．A．cause a loss B．hurtC．flood D．bury12．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．New York is a quiet city at other times. B．New York is a busy city at other times. C．Hurricane Sandy has already come.D．The airport system has been closed since last night.DThere are many ways to find a job. It can be as easy as walking into a neighbourhood store to look at its announcement board. Local stores often have areas where people can put small signs telling what kind of service they need or can provide. Such services include caring for children or cleaning houses.Or, job searchers can look in the newspaper. Local newspapers have employment announcements placed by companies seeking workers.Another popular tool for finding jobs is the Internet. For example, people in four hundred andfifty cities around the world can use the Craigslist website to buy objects, meet people or find a job. Craigslist says that it receives two million new job listings each month.Another useful way to find a job is through a college or university. For example, students at the University of Texas at Austin can go to the Career Exploration Centre to get help in finding a job. Of course, looking for a job requires knowing what kind of work you want to do. For example, there is a book called What Colour is Your Parachute? by Richard Nelson Bolles. This book has been helping people choose a career (职业) since it was first published in 1970.Some experts also help people find jobs. Susan W. Miller owns a company called California Career Services in Los Angeles. She says her company helps people find jobs by first helping them understand their strengths, goals and interests. Then she provides them with methods and resources to help them find the right job.13．What Colour is Your Parachute? is a book which gives tips to those who want to ．A．work on the airplane B．buy a parachuteC．publish a book D．find a suitable job14．It can be learned from the passage that ．A．companies often put job information in local shopsB．the Internet is the most popular tool for job­hunters in the USAC．Susan W. Miller's company is helping people choose careers D．California Career Services mainly serves university students15．How many ways of finding a job are mentioned in the passage?A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.第二节(共5 小题；每小题2 分，满分10 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

生物《必修1》综合检测题一、选择题（只有一个选项正确。

每小题2分，共60分）1．细胞学说揭示了（）A.人们对细胞的认识是一个艰难曲折的过程B.植物细胞与动物细胞的区别C.细胞为什么要产生新细胞D. 生物体结构的统一性2.下列属于大量元素的一组是（）A.N、S、O、MgB.H、O、K、BC.P、N、C、MoD.Ca、C、O、Mn3.图中①～④表示某细胞的部分细胞器．有关叙述正确的是（)A．该图一定是高倍光学显微镜下看到的结构B．此细胞不可能是植物细胞，只能是动物细胞C．结构①不能将葡萄糖分解成二氧化碳和水D．结构①②③④中都含有大量磷脂4.谷氨酸的R基为C3H5O2，1分子谷氨酸含有的C、H、O、N原子数依次是（）A．5、9、4、1 B．4、8、5、1 C．5、8、4、1 D．4、9、4、15.叶绿体与线粒体在结构和功能上的相同点是（）①分解有机物,释放能量；②具有双层膜；③产生氧气；④水是其中化学反应的原料；⑤含有DNA；⑥内部含有酶A．①②④⑥ B．③④⑤⑥ C．①③④⑤ D．②④⑤⑥6.科学家常用哺乳动物红细胞作材料研究细胞膜的组成，是因为（）A．哺乳动物红细胞在水中易涨破 B．此类细胞容易得到C．此类细胞在光学显微镜下易观察 D．此类细胞内无核膜，线粒体膜等结构7、水溶性染色剂(PI)能与核酸结合而使细胞核着色，可将其应用于鉴别细胞的死活。

细胞浸泡于一定浓度的PI中，仅有死细胞的核会被染色，活细胞则不着色，利用PI鉴别死活的基本原理是 ( )A、死细胞与活细胞的细胞膜结构不同B、活细胞能分解染色剂PIC、死细胞与活细胞的细胞膜成分含量不同D、活细胞的细胞膜阻止PI的进8.下列有关细胞膜的叙述中，最能体现细胞膜结构特点的是（）A．选择透过性 B．内吞和胞吐 C．保护作用D．主动运输9. 某蛋白质分子中有M个氨基酸组成，其中有N条肽链，则此蛋白质分子中至少含有几个氧原子？( )A、2MB、M-NC、MD、M+N 10．以下是对生物体ATP的有关叙述，其中正确的一项是（）A．蓝藻细胞中的线粒体、叶绿体分别通过有氧呼吸、光合作用产生ATPB．ATP与ADP是同一种物质的两种形态C．ATP中存在2个高能磷酸键D．生物体内的ATP含量很多，从而保证了生命活动所需能量的持续供应11.下列有关细胞结构和功能的叙述，不正确的是（）A．有中心体的细胞不一定是动物细胞 B．有高尔基体的细胞不一定具有分泌功能C．有线粒体的细胞也能进行无氧呼吸 D．有核糖体的细胞一定能合成成熟的分泌蛋白12.为了尽量延长新鲜水果的储藏时间，储藏条件最好是（）A无氧、保持干燥、零上低温 B无氧、保持干燥、零下低温C低氧、适当的湿度、零上低温 D 低氧、适当的湿度、零下低温13.下列关于酶的论述错误的是 ( )A．有些酶是核酸 B．在0℃～37℃范围内，唾液淀粉酶的活性会随着温度的升高而提高C．酶的数量因参与化学反应而减少 D．任何活细胞内都有酶的存在14．有氧呼吸过程中，氧的作用是（）A．直接氧化体内有机物B．使丙酮酸氧化分解生成CO2C．第二阶段与氢结合形成水 D．在线粒体内膜上与氢结合形成水15．生长在较弱光照条件下的植物，当提高CO2浓度时，其光合作用速度并未随之增加，主要限制因素是（）A．温度 B．光照强度 C．水含量 D．CO2浓度16.下列关于光合作用和呼吸作用的叙述，正确的是（）A. 光合作用和呼吸作用总是同时进行B．光合作用形成的糖类能在呼吸作用中被利用C. 光合作用产生的ATP主要用于呼吸作用 D．光合作用与呼吸作用分别在叶肉细胞和根细胞中进行17.下列各项应用中，主要利用细胞呼吸原理的是（）①贮存种子②提倡慢跑③稻田定期排水④糖渍、盐渍食品⑤用透气的消毒纱布包扎伤口A．①②④⑤ B．①②③⑤ C．②③④⑤ D．①②③④⑤18.分析下列甲、乙、丙图，说法正确的是（）A.图甲中，a点时不能进行光合作用，此时叶肉细胞中产生ATP的细胞器只有线粒体B.图甲中，b点时开始进行光合作用，c点时光合作用强度超过呼吸作用强度C.若图乙代表叶绿素和类胡萝卜素这两类色素的吸收光谱，则f代表类胡萝卜素D.两类色素都能大量吸收蓝紫光，用塑料大棚种植蔬菜时，应选用蓝紫色的塑料大棚19.下列关于细胞增殖、分化、衰老和凋亡的叙述，正确的是（）A. 真核细胞靠有丝分裂进行增殖，原核细胞靠无丝分裂进行增殖B. 细胞分化使各种细胞的遗传物质有所差异，导致细胞的形态和功能各不相同C. 细胞衰老时，细胞内呼吸速率减慢，细胞核的体积增大D. 细胞凋亡有利于多细胞生物体完成正常发育，但不利于维持内部环境的稳定20.下图所示的细胞类型转换过程为（）A．细胞融合 B．细胞生长 C．细胞分裂 D．细胞分化21.下图为人体细胞的分裂、分化、衰老和死亡过程的示意图，图中①~⑥为各个时期的细胞，abc表示细胞所进行的生理过程。

人教A 版（2019）第一二章综合测试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、选择题1.若命题:p 函数21y x =-的图像过点(-3,2),则p 与p ⌝的真假情况是( ) A.都是真命题 B.都是假命题 C.p 真,p ⌝假D.p 假,p ⌝真2.已知集合{|(2)(4)0},{|||(0)}A x x x B x x m m =+-=>，若B A ⊆，则m 的最大值为( ) A.1B.2C.3D.43.已知集合12|log (1)0A x ax ⎧⎫=->⎨⎬⎩⎭，若1A ∈，则a 的取值范围是( )A.(,2)-∞B.31,2⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭C.(1,2)D.(2,)+∞4.集合{}41x N x ∈-<用列举法表示为( ) A.{}0,1,2,3,4B.{}1,2,3,4C.{}0,1,2,3,4,5D.{}1,2,3,4,55.已知集合{}0,2,4,6A =，{}233n B n N =∈≤，则集合A B 的子集个数为（ ）A.4B.6C.7D.86.设3x <，则43x x +-（ ）A.最大值是7B.最小值是7C.最大值是1-D.最小值是1-7.已知m ∈R，若函数||()x m f x e +=对任意x ∈R 满足(2021)(2120)f x f x -=-，则不等式1(ln )ln 2f x f ex ⎛⎫+≥ ⎪⎝⎭的解集是( )A.1,[,)e e ⎛⎤-∞⋃+∞ ⎥⎝⎦B.1,e e ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦C.10,[,)e e ⎛⎤⋃+∞ ⎥⎝⎦D.[,)e +∞8.若不等式220x x m --<在1,22x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦上有解，则实数m 的取值范围是( )A.[1,)-+∞B.(1,)-+∞C.3,4⎛⎫-+∞ ⎪⎝⎭D.(0,)+∞9.已知,0x y >，97x y xy ++=，则3xy 的最大值为( ) A.1B.2C.3D.410.正数a ，b 满足21a b +=，则2aab-的最小值为( )A.10B.6+C.D.1211.若12x -<<，则12x x +-的（ ）A.最小值为0B.最大值为4C.最小值为4D.最大值为012.已知a ，b 为非负数，且满足26a b +=，则()()2214a b ++的最大值为( ) A.40B.1674C.42D.169413.已知0,0x y >>，且4x y +=，则xy 最大值为( ) A.1B.2C.3D.4二、多项选择题14.设正实数,a b 满足1a b +=，则( )A.11a b+有最小值4 12D.22a b +有最小值1215.设正实数a b ，满足1a b +=，则下列结论正确的是（ ） A.11a b+有最小值412D.22a b +有最小值1216.已知关于x 的不等式20ax bx c ++>的解集为(1,3)-，则下列说法正确的是( ) A.0a >B.0bx c ->的解集是32x x ⎧⎫>⎨⎬⎩⎭∣C.20cx ax b +->的解集是23x x ⎧<-⎨⎩∣或1}x >D.a b c +<17.已知0a >，0b >，且1a b -=，则( )A.33a b >B.sin sin a b >C.22a b -+>D.b a a b >三、填空题18.若集合1{}1{|1}A B x mx =-==，，，且B A ⊆，则实数m 的值为_______. 19.已知集合126A x x ⎧⎫=∈∈⎨⎬-⎩⎭N N ∣用列举法表示集合A =_______.20.设全集为R ,集合{}|24A x x =≤<,集合{}|12B x x m =≤-,若A B ⋂≠∅,则实数m 的取值范围为___________.21.}{25A x x =-≤≤，{}B x x a =>，若A B ⊆，则a 取值范围是_______.22.已知集合{|3sin ,}M y y x x =∈=R ，{|||}N x x a =<，若M N ⊆，则实数a 的取值范围是___________.23.已知集合{}211A x x =<≤，{}20B x x a =->.若A B ⊆，则实数a 的取值范围为__________. 24.若0a >，0b >且240a b +-=，则12a b+的最小值为__________. 25.某茶农打算在自己的茶园建造一个容积为500立方米的长方体无盖蓄水池，要求池底面的长和宽之和为20米.若每平方米的池底面造价是池侧壁的两倍，则为了使蓄水池的造价最低，蓄水池的高应该为________米.26.已知4a b +=，则22a b +的最小值为________. 27.在R 上定义运算：b a bcd a d c =-．若不等式1211x a a x--≥+对任意实数x 恒成立，则实数a 的最大值为________．28.若正数,a b 满足2e a a =，()ln 12e b b -=，则ab =_________. 29.若不等式210x qx p p++>的解集为{|24}x x <<，则实数p =________，q =_______. 四、解答题30.已知集合{|22}A x a x a =-≤≤+，{|1B x x =≤或4}x ≥. (1)当3a =时，求A B ⋂；(2)若“x A ∈”是“x B ∈R ”的充分不必要条件，且A ≠∅，求实数a 的取值范围. 31.已知集合{}2210,,A x ax x a R x R =++=∈∈（1）当A 只有一个元素时，求a 的值，并写出这个元素； （2）当A 至多含有一个元素时，求a 的取值范围.32.已知集合{|25}A x x =-≤≤,{}|121B x m x m =+≤≤- ,若B A ⊆，求实数m 的取值范围.33.已知集合}{2340A x ax x =--=.（1）若A 中有两个元素,求实数a 的取值范围； （2）若A 中至多有一个元素,求实数的a 取值范围. 34.解下列不等式: （1）29610x x -+>；（2）212202x x -++>；（3）2690x x -+≤； （4）2230x x -+->.35.已知函数()2|2||2|f x x x =-++的最小值为m . (1)求m ；(2)若正实数a ，b ，c 满足2a b c m ++=，求211a b c++的最小值. 36.求解下列各题：（1）求2340)2x x y x x ++=<（的最大值；（2）求281)-1x y x x +=>（的最小值.37.已知,,a b c ∈R ，满足a b c >>. （1）求证：1110a b b c c a++>---； （2）现推广：把1c a -的分子改为另一个大于1的正整数p ，使110pa b b c c a++>---对任意a b c >>恒成立，试写出一个p ，并证明之.参考答案1.答案：D解析：∵p 与p ⌝必一真一假，而本题中p 显然是假命题，∴p ⌝必为真命题。

必修三第一第二章综合一、单选题（共20题；共40分）1.分布有乙酰胆碱受体的神经元称为胆碱能敏感神经元，它普遍存在于神经系统中，参与学习与记忆等调节活动。

乙酰胆碱酯酶催化乙酰胆碱的分解，药物阿托品能阻断乙酰胆碱与胆碱能敏感神经元的相应受体结合。

下列说法错误的是（）A. 乙酰胆碱分泌量和受体数量改变会影响胆碱能敏感神经元发挥作用B. 使用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂可抑制胆碱能敏感神经元受体发挥作用C. 胆碱能敏感神经元的数量改变会影响学习与记忆等调节活动D. 注射阿托品可影响胆碱能敏感神经元所引起的生理效应【答案】B【考点】神经冲动的产生和传导【解析】【解答】A、乙酰胆碱分泌量和受体数量会影响突触后膜接受到的刺激大小，所以会影响胆碱能敏感神经元发挥作用，A正确；B、乙酰胆碱酯酶催化乙酰胆碱的分解，使用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂，乙酰胆碱分解减少，会使乙酰胆碱持续与受体结合，促进胆碱能敏感神经元发挥作用，B错误；C、胆碱能敏感神经元参与学习和记忆等调节活动，所以胆碱能敏感神经元的数量改变会影响这些调节活动，C正确；D、药物阿托品能阻断乙酰胆碱与胆碱能敏感神经元的相应受体结合，所以能影响胆碱能敏感神经元引起的生理效应，D正确。

故答案为：B。

【分析】1、兴奋是以电信号的形式沿着神经纤维传导的。

神经元之间的兴奋传递就是通过突触实现的，以电信号→化学信号→电信号的形式进行传递。

2、“胆碱能敏感神经元”是一种能与乙酰胆碱结合，成参与学习与记忆等活动。

目前认为，老年性痴呆与中枢“胆碱能敏感神经元”的大量死亡和丢失有关。

3、乙酰胆碱是兴奋性神经递质，存在于突触小体内的突触小泡中，由突触前膜通过胞吐作用释放到突触间隙。

受体存在于突触后膜上，与神经递质发生特异性结合，使下一个神经元产生兴奋。

2.人的一侧大脑皮层外侧面示意图如下，图中甲、乙、丙和丁表示部位。

某人的右腿突然不能运动，经医生检查后，发现他的右腿无力。

推测该患者大脑皮层的受损部位可能位于图中的（）A. 甲B. 乙C. 丙D. 丁【答案】A【考点】反射弧各部分组成及功能，脑的高级功能【解析】【解答】A、甲是中央前回顶部，引起对侧下肢运动，A正确；B、乙是体觉区（中央后回）顶部，用电流刺激体觉区顶部引起对侧下肢电麻样感觉，B错误；C、丙是体觉区底部，刺激它引起唇、舌、咽电麻样感觉，C错误；D、丁是中央前回底部，刺激它会引起面部运动，D错误。