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可口可乐swot分析可口可乐饮料公司SWOT分析优势(Strength)全球最大之软性饮料业巨人，拥有大厂优势及强大之全球竞争力。
强势行销能力，体系及企业广告。
品牌形象深植人心，已成为消费者生活之一部分。
核心产品之神秘配方处於极度保密，使其流行100年後而不衰。
通路布建相当完整(尤其是自动贩卖机之设置)，并拥有速食业(以麦当劳为首)的强大销售通路。
可口可乐公司的作业流程标准化。
具创新及高度研发能力，最具代表性为健怡可口可乐之推出，甫一上市即造成风潮。
市占率高，产品更为市场之领导品牌。
产品拥有便利性(随处可得)，独特风味(神秘配方)及价格公道等特色。
产品生命周期为循环再循环型态，历久弥坚。
日前宣布将股票选择权视为员工薪质费用之一部分，此举将充分反映企业之财务状况，引起众多专学者之一片好评，更一扫投资者因安隆弊案而对美国企业所产生之阴霾。
劣势(Weakness)组织庞大，控制不易。
`消费者刻板印象-不健康饮料，因可乐内含有咖啡因等成份，且易造成肥胖等健康问题。
主要消费族群(年轻族群)之产品认同感，略逊於百事可乐。
桶装饮料通路遍布广泛，消费者最後所享用之产品品质较难掌控(超过保存期限或变质等情形)。
机会(Opportunity)一般软性饮料业进入障碍低，然要作到跨国行销则高。
碳酸饮料较符合年轻族群需求，尤其为拉丁美洲和亚太国家，年轻人比例正快速提高，带给业者之商机颇高。
饮料之品牌形象影响销售状况颇深。
美国速食文化与碳酸饮料颇为契合。
威胁(Threat)非可乐之其他碳酸饮料的产品替代性仍不低。
消费者追求健康之意识抬头，势必将减少对碳酸饮料之饮用。
饮料市场竞争颇为激烈，主要竞争对手(挑战者)-百事可乐威胁力十足，而在过去几年当中可口可乐业绩出现停滞不前之情形，而百事可乐却是持续在成长当中。
因受恐布组织攻击及发动战争等利空因素，对美国经济造成冲击。
在爆发一连串企业会计丑闻後，投资者渐失信心，要求美国企业财务透明化的声浪日益高涨。
可口可乐公司的SWOT分析与产业环境分析可口可乐公司的SWOT分析(一)、优势(Strength)可口可乐的优势包含了:品牌悠久、良好的质量、模仿困难度高、具有创新的精神、强大的营销策略等。
1、品牌悠久。
可口可乐的历史悠久，1892年艾萨坎德勒以美金2300元取得可口可乐配方及所有权，1919年欧尼斯伍德瑞夫财团以2500万美元买下了可口可乐，运用了许多的营销手法，让可口可乐公司扬名国际，1892至今也已一百多年的历史，创造了不朽的成就。
可口可乐公司的作业流程标准化，市场占有率高,产品更是市场的领导品牌。
这使得可口可乐成为全球最大之软性饮料业巨人,拥有大厂优势及强大之全球竞争力。
2、良好的质量1987年可口可乐公司正是在台湾高雄厂完工。
在1991年获得经济部工业局GMP认証，之后也兴建了桃园新厂，于1996年得到优良厂商的GMP认证，1997年得到ISO 9002认证，1999年获得ISO 14001认证。
不仅如此，可口可乐也有一套良好的危机处理办法，让消费者信赖可口可乐的质量。
3、模仿困难度高。
可口可乐的有着他们不公开的可乐“秘方”，特殊风味与口感是在当今市场尚未看见的。
虽然饮料业容易制造，但可口可乐的高市场占有率以及他的饮料传奇，是其他公司所难以模仿的。
可口可乐饮料的核心产品之神秘配方处於极度保密,使其流行100年後而不衰。
可口可乐公司的产品拥有便利性(随处可得),独特风味(神秘配方)及价格公道等特色。
产品生命周期为循环再循环型态,历久弥坚。
其通路布建相当完整(尤其是自动贩卖机之设置),并拥有速食业(以麦当劳为首)的强大销售通路。
4、有创新的精神可口可乐在行销饮料之余，也经营了许许多多的周边商品，这些产品为可口可乐带来极大的商机，也为可口可乐的知名度扎下了良好的基础。
其具有强势行销能力,体系及企业广告。
可口可乐的品牌形象深植人心,已成为消费者生活之一部分。
可口可乐公司极具创新及高度研发能力,最具代表性为健怡可口可乐之推出,一上市即造成风潮。
案例分析对象：Coca-cola1.Analyze its 4PsProduct: Coca-cola came into birth in 1886, which rank first in the global beverage now. It is popular for its refreshing effect . The consumers are widely ranged ,from the children to the old .Price: Coca-cola company have adopted the penetration pricing since it came into the Chinese market,which makes them increase sales and market share.It is also prevalent for its reasonable price among the mass.Place:Its market concept is worth noting. From 3A(available,affordable,acceptable) to3P(pervasiveness,preference,price to value) ,we can findthat it’s focus on the brand and the faithfulness for thecustomers rather than the price.Promotion:No wonder commercials play an important role in the marketing strategy of Coca-cola. Famous stars formcelebrity effect as spokemen .In terms of public relations ,Coca-cola develops a good brand image through becomingthe traditional torch-passing sponsor. At length ,it buildsan extensive collaboration with Tencent, which is believeda win-win solution.2.Have a SWOT analysis3.Append an adThe title is “cool summer” .From the picture ,we can see the bottle of Coke-cola is surrounded by the ice cubes. It can give people an impression that the Coke can be as cool as the ice cubes in the hot season. So why don’t have a try ?。
市场营销4p策略案例案例：可口可乐公司的市场营销4P策略可口可乐公司是全球领先的饮料公司，其市场营销4P策略的成功应用是一个经典案例。
以下将介绍该公司在产品、价格、渠道和促销方面的策略。
1. 产品：可口可乐公司以其广受欢迎的可口可乐汽水为主打产品。
该产品具有独特的口感和可口可乐独特的风味，受到全球消费者的喜爱。
此外，公司还推出了多样化的产品线，如零度可乐、芬达等，以满足不同人群的口味需求。
2. 价格：可口可乐公司采用了多层次的定价策略。
在高端市场，公司通过定价较高的策略来强调品牌的高品质和独特性。
而在大众市场，公司则采用较低的定价来吸引更多的消费者。
此外，可口可乐公司还推出了不同规格的包装，以满足不同消费者的需求，并调整了包装和价格之间的关系，以提高消费者的购买欲望。
3. 渠道：可口可乐公司建立了一个庞大的分销网络，以确保产品能够覆盖更广泛的市场。
公司通过与零售商、便利店和超市的合作，将产品放置在易于找到和购买的地方。
此外，公司通过与快餐连锁店和酒吧合作，使产品在消费者的餐厅和休闲场所中更加易获取。
4. 促销：可口可乐公司在促销方面采取了多种策略。
首先，公司通过在电视、电影和体育赛事等广告渠道进行广告宣传，提高产品的知名度和影响力。
其次，公司还利用社交媒体等新媒体渠道，加强与消费者的互动，提高品牌忠诚度和口碑传播。
此外，可口可乐公司还举办品牌活动和体验活动，与消费者建立更深层次的联系。
通过以上4P策略的综合应用，可口可乐公司取得了巨大的市场成功。
该公司的产品具有明显的差异化特点和高度的品牌忠诚度，价格和渠道的合理制定和布局，使产品能够覆盖更广泛的消费者群体，并通过广告宣传和促销活动提高了品牌的认知度和影响力。
这些策略的成功应用为可口可乐公司的市场地位和竞争优势打下了坚实的基础。
可⼝可乐公司SWOT分析可⼝可乐公司SWOT分析可⼝可乐公司诞⽣于1886年，总部在美国的亚特兰⼤，是世界软饮料销售的领袖和先锋，拥有近400种饮料品牌，畅销世界200多个国家和地区，每⽇销量超过15亿杯，占全世界软饮料市场的48%，并拥有全球最畅销软饮料品牌前五名的四个，包括可⼝可乐、健怡可⼝可乐、雪碧和芬达。
⽬前中国每年⼈均饮⽤可⼝可乐公司产品数量为24瓶（每瓶8盎司或237毫升）。
⽽中国也成为可⼝可乐公司全球第四⼤市场。
⽬前可⼝可乐中国系统员已超过30，000⼈，99%的员⼯为中国本地员⼯。
SWOT分析优势(Strength)（1）品牌悠久可⼝可乐⾃1886年成⽴以来，⼀百多年来经久不衰并且风⾏全世界。
品牌形象深⼊⼈⼼，已成为消费者⽣活的⼀部分（2）全球最⼤之软性饮料业巨⼈,拥有⼤⼚优势及强⼤之全球竞争⼒.（3）具有⾼度的创新以及研发能⼒，市场占率⾼,产品更为市场之领导品牌（4）产品拥有便利性(随处可得),独特风味(神秘配⽅)及价格公道等特⾊.（5）强⼤的销售通路、销售⽹及营销策略,并拥有速⾷业(以麦当劳为⾸)的强⼤销售通路. 可⼝可乐公司的作业流程标准化.劣势(Weakness)（1）主要消费族群(年轻族群)之产品认同感,略逊於百事可乐.（2）组织庞⼤,控制不易.（3）消费者的主观印象觉得可⼝可乐是碳酸饮料，且含有咖啡因，所以可能会导致⼀些健康问题，例如肥胖。
机会(Opportunity)（1）碳酸饮料较符合年轻族群需求,尤其为拉丁美洲和亚太国家,年轻⼈⽐例正快速提⾼,带给业者之商机颇⾼.（2）赞助各项体育赛事，例如奥运会，特奥会，NBA，世界杯等，也可以结合公益活动，塑造企业形象（3）中国越来越盛⾏的快餐⽂化与碳酸饮料颇为契合威胁(Threat)（1）替代品（除了碳酸饮料之外的例如茶饮料、果汁等）的威胁⼤（2）竞争者的威胁，主要的竞争对⼿百事可乐在加速成长中（3）消费者追求健康之意识抬头,势必将减少对碳酸饮料之饮⽤可⼝可乐关键竞争要素分析可⼝可乐关键环境因素分析。
什么是波特五力竞争模型？五力模型是由波特（Porter）提出的，它认为行业中存在着决定竞争规模和程度的五种力量，这五种力量综合起来影响着产业的吸引力。
它是用来分析企业所在行业竞争特征的一种有效的工具。
在该模型中涉及的五种力量包括：新的竞争对手入侵，替代品的威胁，买方议价能力，卖方议价能力以及现存竞争者之间的竞争。
决定企业盈利能力首要的和根本的因素是产业的吸引力。
分析饮料料行业的竞争态势---波特“五力模型”迈克尔·波特的理论建立在产业组织经济学的“结构——行为——绩效(SCP)”这一范式上，认为企业竞争优势是由产业结构决定的，是由一个产业中的五种竞争力量(即进入威胁、替代威胁、买方的议价能力、供应方的议价能力和现有竞争对手的竞争)所决定的，这五种基本竞争力量的状况及其综合强度，决定了行业的竞争激烈程度，从而决定了产业最终的获利潜力。
要对抗这些竞争力量，企业就要采取相应的发展策略，建立自己的竞争优势。
一、饮料行业的竞争态势近10年来，饮料工业的年产量以年均17%的速度快速增长，成为中国食品工业中最具潜力且发展速度最快的行业之一。
从国内饮料市场上近几年竞争情况看，主流产品“各领风骚一两年”,从1998年前的碳酸饮料到1999年的纯净水、从 2000年的茶饮料和2002年的新型果汁，到2003年的功能混合饮料，再到2008年的维生素饮料；消费热点更是变幻难测，果汁市场的日益兴旺，带来了消费形态和方式的分化，主要表现为以下特征：第一，饮料消费市场呈明显年轻化。
据新生代CMMS2000调查结果显示，饮料消费群体呈年轻化趋势。
第二，饮料产品种类呈多元化发展趋势。
企业纷纷根据消费者追求的健康、营养等消费理念，开发新型的果汁饮品，功能型饮料逐渐形成受中青年女性关注的饮料市场。
第三，饮料消费品牌特征明显。
消费者在选择上，注重的还是产品的口味、价格和品牌知名度这些基本要素。
国产饮料品牌价格适中，信誉度良好，品牌优势大，消费者对多数品牌满意度较高，但消费者品牌忠诚度较低。
可口可樂SWOT分析化材3A963155黃尹柔可口可樂SWOT 分析一.前言可口可樂有著百年的悠久歷史，說是飲料界的龍頭也不為過，可口可樂成功的秘訣也是多數消費者瘋狂所想要了解的，我們可以藉由分析可口可樂公司進一步了解這個企業成功背後的努力，也可以讓我們在日後的決策有所學習和效仿。
二.SWOT分析SWOT分析(SWOT analysis)是協助主管制訂策略，比較優勢(Strengths)、劣勢(Weaknesses)、機會(Opportunities)和威脅(Threats)。
例如：優勢可能有良好的技術和資訊、被廣大大眾認可的出名品牌、大量的資金。
劣勢可能是，沒有可靠的供應商和缺乏備用生產力。
機會可能包含當今市場尚未開發的利基。
威脅可能有來自競爭者的威脅，或是有更多競爭者會進入這個市場。
三.可口可樂1886年，在美國喬治亞州的亞特蘭大市，Dr. John S. Pemberton 意外的從三角壺中創造了「可口可樂」。
1892年，「可口可樂」，不僅推出許多促銷活動，更贈送了許多的贈品，讓可口可樂的知名度越來越高。
四. 可口可樂SWOT 分析(1) 可口可樂的優勢可口可樂的優勢包含了：品牌悠久、良好的品質、模仿困難度高、具有創新的精神、強大的行銷策略等。
1.品牌悠久可口可樂的歷史悠久，1892年艾薩坎德勒以美金2300元取得可口可樂配方及所有權，1919年歐尼斯伍德瑞夫財團以2500萬美元買下了可口可樂，運用了許多的行銷手法，讓可口可樂公司揚名國際，1892至今也已一百多年的歷史，創造了不朽的成就。
2.良好的品質1987年可口可樂公司正是在台灣高雄廠完工。
在1991年獲得經濟部工業局GMP認証，之後也興建了桃園新廠，於1996年得到優良廠商的GMP認證，1997年得到ISO 9002認證，1999年獲得ISO 14001認證。
不僅如此，可口可樂也有一套良好的危機處理辦法，讓消費者信賴可口可樂的品質。
可口可乐的五力模型分析引言可口可乐是世界上最大的饮料公司之一，享有全球知名度。
通过使用五力模型来分析可口可乐的竞争力，可以帮助我们了解该公司在市场中的定位和竞争优势。
本文将对可口可乐公司在消费品市场中的竞争力进行五力模型的分析。
1. 供应商的谈判能力可口可乐作为全球领导者，在饮料原材料和包装供应商方面具有较强的谈判能力。
由于可口可乐的规模和市场份额，公司能够以较低的成本采购原材料，并与供应商建立稳定的长期合作关系。
这种谈判能力使得可口可乐能够降低生产成本，提高利润率。
2. 顾客的谈判能力饮料市场竞争激烈，消费者具有较高的谈判能力。
可口可乐需要保持产品的竞争力和价格优势，以满足消费者需求并留住现有客户。
消费者对于价格敏感，并有多种选择，因此可口可乐需要通过产品创新和市场营销来吸引和留住顾客，以维持其市场份额。
3. 其他竞争对手的威胁可口可乐在全球范围内面临来自其他大型饮料公司和品牌的竞争。
对于可口可乐来说，竞争对手的威胁是存在的，因为其他公司也有能力和资源来推出新产品并争夺市场份额。
可口可乐需要通过持续的创新和品牌建设来抵御竞争对手的威胁，并保持市场领导地位。
4. 新进入者的威胁虽然可口可乐在市场中占据着强大的地位，但新进入者的威胁依然存在。
对于新公司来说，进入饮料市场并与可口可乐竞争是具有挑战性的，需要面对高度竞争的环境和市场准入壁垒。
然而，可口可乐需要密切关注新进入者的崛起，并及时作出反应，以保持其市场份额和竞争优势。
5. 替代品的威胁在饮料市场中，替代产品的威胁也是一个重要因素。
例如，咖啡、茶和果汁等饮料也是消费者的选择。
可口可乐需要通过产品创新和广告宣传来区分和推广其产品，以减弱替代品的威胁，并确保消费者对可口可乐品牌的忠诚度。
结论通过五力模型的分析，可口可乐公司在消费品市场中具有较强的供应商谈判能力和品牌影响力，可以抵御竞争对手的威胁。
然而，该公司需要关注消费者的谈判能力、新进入者的威胁和替代品的竞争，以保持市场份额和竞争优势。
市场营销常用的分析工具介绍，SWOT、五力模型、4P4C理
论
SWOT
SWOT分析法是一种战略分析工具
运用SWOT分析法,可以对研究对象所处的情景进行全面、系统、准确的研究,从而根据研究结果制定相应的发展战略、计划以及对策等。
Strength （优势）——内部的有利因素
Weakness （劣势）——内部的不利因素
Opportunity（机会）——外部的有利因素
Threat （威胁）——外部的不利因素
五力模型
五力模型是由麦克尔·波特(MichaelPorter)于80年代初提出的用于竞争战略的分析的模型，可以有效的分析客户的竞争环境。
五种力量模型将大量不同的因素汇集在一个简便的模型中，以此分析一个行业的基本竞争态势。
五种力量模型确定了竞争的五种主要来源，即供应商和购买者的讨价还价能力，潜在进入者的威胁，替代品的威胁，以及最后一点，来自目前在同一行业的公司间的竞争。
一种可行战略的提出首先应该包括确认并评价这五种力量，不同力量的特性和重要性因行业和公司的不同而变化。
4P理论:产品（Product）、渠道（Place）、价格（Price）、促销（Promotion）
4C理论:消费者的需求与欲望（Consumer needs wants),消费者愿意付出的成本（Cost),购买商品的便利（Convenience),沟通（Communication)。
4P是以产品为导向的传统营销学，4C是以服务为导向的现代营销学；4P是4C的前提基础，4C是4P的必然发展结果。
可口可乐市场营销环境分析-SWOT 可口可乐市场营销环境分析一、基本分析方法采用SWOT分析方法，主要是分析企业本身和竞争对手的优势和劣势。
二、可口可乐SWOT分析1、优势(1)知名度高。
可口可乐历史悠久，从1892年至今已有一百多年的历史，品牌形象深入人心，虽然进入中国市场在1927年，经过几十年的发展，早已融入大众生活。
(2)雄厚的资金，先进完善的管理。
可口可乐注重产品质量、重视提升工作效率、不断完善销售网络、注重培训专业人才。
(3)模仿困难。
因为有神秘配方，独特口味。
尽管饮料业容易制造，但是可口可乐极高的市场占有率是其他饮料公司难以模仿的。
(4)不断创新。
除了传统形态的可口可乐以外，该公司还不断推出新产品。
从碳酸饮料、茶饮料、果汁饮料到矿泉水都有其相应产品。
(5)销售策略强大。
通过网络、电视等视频声讯的广告宣传和各种促销销售进一步提升了其知名度，也带来了更大的商机。
2、劣势(1)企业规模大，不易控制。
中国是一个很大的市场，在某些方面难免会出现一些差错。
(2)健康问题。
随着生活水平的提高人们的健康意识逐渐增强，可口可乐自身是碳酸型饮料，过多饮用对身体有所损害。
(3)成本费用高。
由于秘方等因素要向中国的分公司运送原料，注定会提高产品成本。
3、机遇(1)中国对外政策。
中国政府支持外资企业的进入，不仅可以收到很可观的税收收入，还可以推动中国整个饮料行业的发展。
(2)公益事业。
中国毕竟还是发展中国家，很多地区的公共建设、教育建设都需要企业的支持，可口可乐公司可以通过公益事业扩大自己的影响力。
(3)中国市场巨大。
中国是一个人口大国，随着改革开放和经济的发展，人们生活水平有了很大提高，消费水平也大幅提升，势必有利于可口可乐在中国的发展。
(4)收购兼并。
虽然中国的饮料行业还在发展中，但也有很多出色的民族品牌，可以通过收购能途径打造可口可乐旗下更具中国市场特色的饮料品牌，从而进一步扩大自己的品牌形象，使之屹立不倒。
四川理工学院课程设计报告《可口可乐公司战略分析报告》专业：会计学（双）班级：2013级1班指导老师：学生：学号：2014年12月13日目录四川理工学院课程设计报告 (1)《可口可乐公司战略分析报告》 (1)一、可口可乐公司简介 (3)二、宏观环境 (4)1.政治法律环境 (4)2.经济环境 (4)3.社会文化环境 (4)4.技术环境 (5)三、可口可乐公司的竞争力模型分析 (6)1．国内饮料行业内竞争者现在的竞争能力 (6)2．潜在竞争者进入的能力 (6)3. 供应商的讨价还价能力 (7)4．购买者的讨价还价能力 (7)5．替代品的替代能力 (7)四、SWOT分析 (8)1. 优势（Strength） (8)2.劣势（Weakness ） (9)3. 机会（Opportunity） (9)4.威胁（Threat） (9)五、改善建议 (10)1.S-T—差异化战略 (10)2.S-O—扩张战略 (10)3.W-O (10)4.W-T (11)一、可口可乐公司简介世界最大的软饮料公司。
公司总部设在美国亚特兰大。
1989年资产额82.825亿美元，雇佣职工2万多人。
可口可乐公司1919年9月5日在美国特拉华州成立。
1960年进入美国最大的100家工业公司的行列；1983年居第48位。
1960～1983年，该公司的销售额、资产额和净收入的年均增长率分别为12.2％、 11.5％和12.3％。
可口可乐公司制造和分配浓缩软饮料和果汁，它的产品可口可乐是从可口和可乐两种植物的叶子和果实中取出液汁制成的一种饮料。
作为该公司主要部门的软饮料每年的销售额约占公司总销售额的80％。
软饮料产品占公司总利润的 88％。
可口可乐美国公司（CoCa-Cola USA）是可口可乐公司最大的销售商；该公司食品部制造和销售冷冻、浓缩柑橘和各种果汁、柠檬晶、咖啡和茶。
酒类部门生产和销售各种牌号的酒，主要销于国内市场，是美国第四家最大的酒类生产和销售者；该公司还生产塑料薄膜以及其他消费产品如防臭剂、湿手巾纸等。
可口可乐五力模型分析心得
可口可乐是全球知名的饮料品牌，以下是基于五力模型的分析心得：
1. 竞争对手的力量：可口可乐面临来自百事可乐等大型跨国饮料公司的激烈竞争。
这些竞争对手拥有广泛的产品线以及全球市场份额，对可口可乐构成一定压力。
2. 供应商的力量：可口可乐的成功依赖于高质量的原材料供应商，如糖和气泡水。
然而，作为一个全球品牌，可口可乐可以通过与多个供应商建立良好的合作关系来降低供应商的议价能力，确保原材料供应的稳定性。
3. 顾客的力量：可口可乐拥有众多忠诚的消费者群体，并且通过不断的市场营销和品牌塑造来提高顾客忠诚度。
然而，消费者对健康饮食的关注逐渐增加，对含糖饮料的需求可能会受到一定程度的影响。
4. 替代品的力量：可口可乐也面临来自其他类型饮品的替代品，如茶、咖啡、果汁等。
随着消费者健康意识的增强，可口可乐需要不断创新和推出更加健康的产品，以抵抗替代品的威胁。
5. 新进入者的力量：可口可乐作为市场领导者，拥有巨大的规模经济优势和强大的品牌溢价。
这使得新进入者很难进入市场并与可口可乐竞争。
此外，行业的技术性壁垒和供应链要求也会限制新进入者的进入。
通过五力模型的分析，我们可以看出虽然可口可乐面临一些竞争和市场变化的挑战，但其品牌实力、供应链网络和市场地位使其能够保持竞争优势，并在全球范围内取得成功。
根据可口可乐公司五力模型分析引言可口可乐公司是全球领先的饮料制造商之一，拥有广泛的产品线和全球销售网络。
本文将根据可口可乐公司五力模型进行分析，以了解该公司在竞争激烈的饮料市场中的竞争地位和战略。
1. 供应商力量供应商力量是指供应商对公司采购的影响力。
对于可口可乐公司而言，其核心原料包括糖、水和添加剂等，需要从全球采购。
然而，可口可乐公司拥有庞大的采购规模和全球采购网络，使其能够与供应商进行有效的谈判并获得有利的价格和条件。
因此，供应商力量对可口可乐公司的影响较小。
2. 买家力量买家力量是指买家对公司产品价格和质量的影响力。
饮料市场存在众多竞争对手，消费者有多种选择。
然而，可口可乐公司品牌知名度高，产品质量可靠，拥有广泛的消费者基础。
通过广告和市场推广活动，可口可乐公司能够保持消费者对其产品的忠诚度，从而降低了买家力量对其的影响。
3. 竞争对手力量可口可乐公司在饮料市场面临激烈的竞争。
主要竞争对手包括百事可乐公司和其他饮料制造商。
这些竞争对手也拥有自己的产品线和市场份额。
然而，可口可乐公司通过不断创新，推出新产品，并建立良好的分销网络，在市场上保持了竞争优势。
因此，竞争对手力量对可口可乐公司的影响相对较小。
4. 替代品威胁替代品威胁是指其他可替代产品对公司产品的威胁程度。
在饮料市场，存在许多其他选择，如茶、咖啡和果汁等。
然而，可口可乐公司通过多样化的产品线和广告宣传，成功地建立了与其品牌相关的消费者忠诚度。
这降低了替代品威胁对公司的影响。
5. 新进入者威胁新进入者威胁是指其他公司进入市场对公司的冲击。
饮料市场的进入壁垒相对较高，需要大量资金和资源。
可口可乐公司作为全球领先企业，拥有庞大的资本和全球市场份额。
同时，可口可乐公司在市场上拥有强大的品牌认知度和消费者忠诚度，进一步降低了新进入者威胁。
结论根据可口可乐公司五力模型的分析，该公司在饮料市场上具有较强的竞争地位和战略。
供应商力量相对较小，买家力量受到产品质量和品牌影响的限制，竞争对手力量较弱，替代品威胁较低，新进入者威胁较小。
（企业管理案例）可口可乐公司战略管理案例分析可口可乐公司战略分析报告成员：杨婷06郑景文02近几年，我国软饮料产销量快速增长。
2006年上半年，我国软饮料产量达634万吨，同比增长29%。
在销售量猛增的同时，促进其销售额的增长成为行业普遍面临的问题。
饮料行业竞争日趋激烈，市场上存在三股竞争力量：一支是台湾背景的企业统一和康师傅，以包装的创新和口味取胜；一支是包括汇源、娃哈哈等国内知名企业；还有一支是大的跨国公司如可口可乐、百事可乐等。
目前市场上集中了娃哈哈、汇源、农夫果园、统一鲜橙多、美汁源果粒橙、酷儿、露露等众多一线饮料品牌。
由于大品牌的激烈竞争，使得外来品牌很难进入果汁饮料市场，同时果汁饮料的价格日益透明化，厂家和经销商的利润在不断变薄。
寻找新的利润增长点，成为企业的当务之急。
而要想在竞争激烈的果汁市场取得领先地位，适合市场需要的战略是关键。
中国软饮料业具有世界上任何一个国家所无法比拟的潜在消费市场，而软饮料潜在消费市场也正在逐步向现实消费市场转变，一个庞大的饮料市场正悄然形成。
2005年我国软饮料业仍保持10%左右的发展速度，2005年国内市场销售额达到1053.8多亿元。
谁能够认准行业发展脉络、把握市场先机、掌握产品营销策略、谁就能够在这个充满无限商机、风险与利益共存的大市场上成为真正的赢家。
成立于1919年的可口可乐公司是全球最大的饮料公司，它拥有超过500个饮料品牌，拥有全球48%市场占有率，通过全球最大的分销系统,200多个国家的消费者每日享用超过16亿杯可口可乐产品。
改革开放二十多年来，可口可乐在中国市场也有了巨大的发展，为中国的社会进步和人民生活水平的提高做出了自己应有的贡献。
可口可乐公司，以行业的领跑者的身份带领着我国饮料业的不断进步。
一个企业的发展，无论是战略的选择还是战略的实施都离不开环境的影响。
这些影响有企业外部的，也有企业内部的，它们都是企业制定战略和实现战略的基础。
可⼝可乐市场营销推⼴策略分析-SWOT分析-4P战略-波特五⼒模型Marketing Plan and Research Report of Coca-ColaTable of ContentExecutive summary (2)External environment analysis (2)Market strategy (6)Marketing research result (6)Marketing mix summary (7)Detailed strategy for promotion (9)Controls (11)Reference list (13)Executive summaryThe Coca-Cola Company (“Coca-Cola”)was founded in 1886 which is ranked number one in the beverage industry. The company manages more than 500 nonalcoholic beverage brands, and four of the top five nonalcoholic sparkling beverage brands are owned by Coca-Cola. According to its 2012 annual report, the whole group’s net operating revenue amounted to 48.02 billion USD (The Coca-Cola Company Annual Review, 2012). In addition, Coca-Cola accounts for approximately 37.1% of all the soft drink market, followed by PepsiCo at about 30.2%, and Dr. Pepper Snapple Group at 21.4% (Faber, 2012).In the long-standing viewpoint, Coca-Cola has an inclination to expand its market share to 50% and its sales revenue to 500 billion USD in the 2015 (Hofstede, 2012). Although its prosperous status quo, the company is also facing against an intensified competition. This report is aimed at analyzing the overall marketing strategy of Coca-Cola to find out the potential vulnerabilities. Then, based upon the analysis and in-depth research, it will outline the strategic plan for the future in order to further enhance Coca-Cola’s marketing status.External environment analysisA well-rounded analysis of company’s environment will be beneficial for the comprehensive understanding of the situation. First, it is better to research Coca-Cola’s external situation which includes three parts: macro-environmental factors, micro-environmental factors and competitive strategy.For the macro aspect, this report utilizes PEST model which examines the changes in a marketplace caused by Politics, Economy, Social and Technological factors.Political AnalysisShifts of government’s attitude towards the foreign-invested enterprise may pose a threat to the company. Especially in the emerging countries, the political stability is essential to a successful business. In addition, changes of laws and regulations, including non-alcoholic drinks regulation should be considered.Economic AnalysisAccording to IMF, while there have been some encouraging signs of economic recovery, the global economic growth seems to be losing momentum. In other words, the company still needs to be vigilant to the outside world and the emerging economy to seize opportunities.According to the Standard and Poor's Industry surveys, "For major soft drink companies, there has been economic improvement in many major international markets, such as Japan, Brazil, and Germany." These markets will continue to play a major role in the success and stable growth for a majority of the non-alcoholic beverage industry.Social AnalysisLiving a healthier lifestyle is so prevalent all around world that has affected thenon-alcoholic beverage industry as some consumers are switching to bottled water and diet colas instead of beer and other alcoholic beverages. This continued tendency will impact the non-alcoholic beverage industry by increasing the demand overall and in the healthier beverages.Technological AnalysisThe rapid advancement of science and technology may deeply impact Coca-Cola as well. For example, novel distribution channel, diversified promotion campaign and new production line etc.In terms of micro-environmental factors, it is advisable to use Porter's Five Forces model to analyze the market condition.Threat of new entrantsCompared with other industry, soft drinks industry has a relatively higher gross profit rate and lower barriers to entry, accordingly, there do exist many potential entrants. ?Threat of substitute productsAs is mentioned above, healthier drinking has been a new trend for the consumers. So, enough attention must be paid to the substitute products such as tea drinks, bottled water and sports drinks.Bargaining power of customerWith thousands kinds of non-alcoholic beverage in the market, consumers have a wide range of options. Additionally, they are also becoming sensitive to price which render them to have more bargaining power.Bargaining power of suppliersAs the leading company in the market, Coca-Cola stays strong to the suppliers who are willing to collaborate with such a giant enterprise. In other words, bargaining power of suppliers is comparatively weak.Intensity of competitive rivalryRelied upon its sales and distribution channels, Coca-Cola has undoubtedly established a mature marketing network. But what can’t be ignored is the threat s posed by companies out of carbonated beverage, they all spare no effort to gain market share in the relevant industry.After the analysis of the above two factors, keeping alert and further developing the core competency are extremely significant to Coca-Cola. Thus, how will the company compete with the major players in the market?Competitive AdvantageLower Cost DifferentiationAs can be seen in the chart, the company used differentiation and cost leadership tactics. Differentiation is achieved through superb quality of its product, which surpasses the company’s major rivals in the brand image and high customer recognition. What’s more, its promotion campaign and packaging strategy also differentiate Coca-Cola from competitors, for instance, its unique bottle design has become a world famous symbol.The positioning of cost leadership is achieved not only through economies of scale in research, development and promotion, but also through learning, knowledge and experience in production and operational processes. Furthermore, the company’s。
可口可乐公司SWOT的分析可口可乐公司的SWOT的分析对策表外部环境分析机会(O)威胁(T)(1)一般软性饮料业进入障碍低,然(1)非可乐之其他碳酸饮料的产品替代性要作到跨国行销则高仍不低(2)碳酸饮料较符合年轻族群需求,(2)消费者追求健康之意识抬头,势必将减尤其为拉丁美洲和亚太国家,年轻人少对碳酸饮料之饮用比例正快速提高,带给业者之商机颇(3)饮料市场竞争颇为激烈,主要竞争对手内部优劣势分析高(挑战者)-百事可乐威胁力十足,而在过去几(3).年当中可口可乐业绩出现停滞不前之情形,美国速食文化与碳酸饮料颇为契合而百事可乐却是持续在成长当中.优势(S)S(O对策S(T对策(1)全球最大之软性饮料业巨人,拥有大运用现有品牌优势、开发新种透过强势广告、加强年轻族群(为主要厂优势及强大之全球竞争力产品、在此创造另一风潮.消费族群之产品认同感、以争取目前较喜欢(2)核心产品之神秘配方处於极度保密,百事可乐之年轻阶层使其流行100年後而不衰(3)强势行销能力,体系及企业广告(4)通路xx相当完整(尤其是自动贩卖机之设置),并拥有速食业(以麦当劳为首)的强大销售通路劣势(W) W(O对策W(T对策(1)组织庞大,控制不易在追求健康之时代潮流中、该公可透过合并或收购其他国家之拥有独特(2)消费者刻板印象-不健康饮料,因可乐司必须运用强大之研发能力适度改且畅销产品是的他种饮料厂商，使其在该国内含有咖啡因等成份,且1/ 2易造成肥胖等健良产品成分、除保留可乐之原味(神的产品线跟家完备(诸如在台湾信喜实业所康问题秘配方)外、应剔除会影响健康的成生产之开喜乌龙茶)分(或用其他成份代替)强调健康产(3)桶装饮料通路遍布广泛,消费者品最xx所享用之产品品质较难掌控(超过保存期限或变质等情形).组员:xx、xxxx、xx、xx杯、xx、xxxx2/ 2。
可口可乐的竞争环境分析可口可乐公司作为目前全球最大的饮料厂商，成立于19世纪,在Interbrand2014年全球最佳品牌排名中位列第三位。
历经几百年的发展,可口可乐已经成了可乐的代名词。
接下来本文将利用波特的五力模型对可口可乐目前面临的竞争环境做简要的分析。
图1 迈克尔波特的五力模型1、现有竞争者方面目前,饮料产品的需求较大,市场上商品种类繁多,具有很多竞争者。
对可口可乐来说，最具竞争力的对手当属百事可乐，二者形成了对可乐市场的寡头垄断，同时也形成了各自的特色，拥有各自的比较稳定的消费群体。
在其他软饮料市场上，可口可乐还拥有众多的本地竞争者,比如哇哈哈，统一，汇源,康师傅等。
而且各家厂商的产品差别不大，竞争较为激烈。
2、潜在进入者由于可乐市场主要受原材料限制，可口可乐和百事可乐掌握可乐的配方，其他潜在竞争者进入可乐市场的壁垒较高,新的可乐产品在满足消费者需求方面风险较大。
在其他饮料产品上,由于饮料产品的利润空间较小，其规模经济效应明显，而且现有市场比较成熟，新的进入者若不能达到规模经济，则难以在饮料市场有较好的发展.3、替代品的威胁虽则现代人们健康理念的提高，对含糖量较高的可乐产品的需求相对有所下降,而对其他健康产品的需求有所上升。
在饮料市场上，茶饮料,果汁类饮料都能强有力地与碳酸饮料形成替代关系，而且在价格方面碳酸饮料的竞争力不强。
所以,可乐市场受替代品的威胁较大。
4、供应商的议价能力可乐市场方面，随着塑料，石油等原材料价格的大幅上涨,可口可乐的供应商其利润空间降低，难以持续供应，给可乐厂商带来较大的影响。
而且可乐的包装PET瓶重量轻，成本低,单位价值小,受饮料厂商的青睐，一度导致PET瓶的供应商的议价能力较强，而随着新型环保包装材料的研发,多样化的包装使饮料厂商逐渐获得有利的地位。
5、购买者的议价能力针对可乐生产商，其直接购买者多为经销商，大型超市,连锁便利店等企业在产品的选择上有严格的流程，且进场费等费用较高，对饮料厂商的议价能力较强。
Marketing Plan and Research Report of Coca-ColaTable of ContentExecutive summary (2)External environment analysis (2)Market strategy (6)Marketing research result (6)Marketing mix summary (7)Detailed strategy for promotion (9)Controls (11)Reference list (13)Executive summaryThe Coca-Cola Company (“Coca-Cola”) was founded in 1886 which is ranked number one in the beverage industry. The company manages more than 500 nonalcoholic beverage brands, and four of the top five nonalcoholic sparkling beverage brands are owned by Coca-Cola. According to its 2012 annual report, the whole group’s net operating revenue amounted to 48.02 billion USD (The Coca-Cola Company Annual Review, 2012). In addition, Coca-Cola accounts for approximately 37.1% of all the soft drink market, followed by PepsiCo at about 30.2%, and Dr. Pepper Snapple Group at 21.4% (Faber, 2012).In the long-standing viewpoint, Coca-Cola has an inclination to expand its market share to 50% and its sales revenue to 500 billion USD in the 2015 (Hofstede, 2012). Although its prosperous status quo, the company is also facing against an intensified competition. This report is aimed at analyzing the overall marketing strategy of Coca-Cola to find out the potential vulnerabilities. Then, based upon the analysis and in-depth research, it will outline the strategic plan for the future in order to further enhance Coca-Cola’s marketing status.External environment analysisA well-rounded analysis of company’s environment will be beneficial for the comprehensive understanding of the situation. First, it is better to research Coca-Cola’s external situation which includes three parts: macro-environmental factors, micro-environmental factors and competitive strategy.For the macro aspect, this report utilizes PEST model which examines the changes in a marketplace caused by Politics, Economy, Social and Technological factors.•Political AnalysisShifts of government’s attitude towards the foreign-invested enterprise may pose a threat to the company. Especially in the emerging countries, the political stability is essential to a successful business. In addition, changes of laws and regulations, including non-alcoholic drinks regulation should be considered.•Economic AnalysisAccording to IMF, while there have been some encouraging signs of economic recovery, the global economic growth seems to be losing momentum. In other words, the company still needs to be vigilant to the outside world and the emerging economy to seize opportunities.According to the Standard and Poor's Industry surveys, "For major soft drink companies, there has been economic improvement in many major international markets, such as Japan, Brazil, and Germany." These markets will continue to play a major role in the success and stable growth for a majority of the non-alcoholic beverage industry.•Social AnalysisLiving a healthier lifestyle is so prevalent all around world that has affected the non-alcoholic beverage industry as some consumers are switching to bottled water and diet colas instead of beer and other alcoholic beverages. This continued tendency will impact the non-alcoholic beverage industry by increasing the demand overall and in the healthier beverages.•Technological AnalysisThe rapid advancement of science and technology may deeply impact Coca-Cola as well. For example, novel distribution channel, diversified promotion campaign and new production line etc.In terms of micro-environmental factors, it is advisable to use Porter's Five Forces model to analyze the market condition.•Threat of new entrantsCompared with other industry, soft drinks industry has a relatively higher gross profit rate and lower barriers to entry, accordingly, there do exist many potential entrants. •Threat of substitute productsAs is mentioned above, healthier drinking has been a new trend for the consumers. So, enough attention must be paid to the substitute products such as tea drinks, bottled water and sports drinks.•Bargaining power of customerWith thousands kinds of non-alcoholic beverage in the market, consumers have a wide range of options. Additionally, they are also becoming sensitive to price which render them to have more bargaining power.•Bargaining power of suppliersAs the leading company in the market, Coca-Cola stays strong to the suppliers who are willing to collaborate with such a giant enterprise. In other words, bargaining power of suppliers is comparatively weak.•Intensity of competitive rivalryRelied upon its sales and distribution channels, Coca-Cola has undoubtedly established a mature marketing network. But what can’t be ignored is the threats posed by companies out of carbonated beverage, they all spare no effort to gain market share inBroadNarrow the relevant industry.After the analysis of the above two factors, keeping alert and further developing the core competency are extremely significant to Coca-Cola. Thus, how will the company compete with the major players in the market?Competitive AdvantageLower Cost DifferentiationAs can be seen in the chart, the company used differentiation and cost leadership tactics. Differentiation is achieved through superb quality of its product, which surpasses the company’s major rivals in the brand image and high customer recognition. What’s more, its promotion campaign and packaging strategy also differentiate Coca-Cola from competitors, for instance, its unique bottle design has become a world famous symbol.The positioning of cost leadership is achieved not only through economies of scale in research, development and promotion, but also through learning, knowledge and experience in production and operational processes. Furthermore, the company’s Cost LeadershipDifferentiation Cost Focus Differentiation FocusCompetitive Scopeefficient distribution networks and manufacturing systems contribute significantly to its cost saving..Market strategyBased on the above analysis, this report researches the interior part of Coca-Cola to determine its marketing and financial objectives, segmentation, positioning, and target market(s) in the future.Future growth for Coca-Cola will be embodied in two main areas: global emerging market health drinks. Besides United States Coca-Cola will continue to market to countries around the world. The company has an impressive performance in emerging markets like Latin America, the BRIC, and Western Europe which will be their major focus in the future for this is where major growth opportunities lie.In addition, consumers are moving towards a healthier lifestyle, which accordingly is causing Coca-Cola to expand product line to satisfy their needs. This new market is huge and creates a lot of growth opportunity for Coca-Cola.More specifically, Coca-Cola intends to increase its current market share in the soft drink to 50% in the end of 2015 (Hofstede, 2012), in particular, it will invest heavily in the health drink product to grab this developing cliché market and to cater for consumer’s aptitude. Then, the whole group will achieve 50 billion USD sales revenue and 13 billion USD profit margin (Marcial, 2007).Marketing research resultTo stay competitive, Coca-Cola has done well in understanding and satisfying consumers. It have been found that customers expect more from their beverages. To fill this desire Coca-Cola has developed the Beverage Institute for Health and Wellness. This institute develops new product ideas that can contribute to their product line. In addition, Coca-Cola is capable of maintaining their market vitality, so they continue to do research that will benefit their consumers, as well as being profitable for the company.Apart from flavor diversification, profitability in certain region has also been a major consideration. For instance, Coke Zero is a product that carries no carbohydrates orcalories and was not quite meeting the expected profits in the United States, but Coca-Cola started to advertise it more in Europe to areas that to enjoy it. This region seemed more concerned about their health and well-being, which contributed to Coke Zero becoming more of a profitable product.Special marketing techniques such as B2B strategies are also used to make their products more attractive to the young people. For example, Coca-Cola united with iTunes, so that whenever someone purchased a Coca-Cola product they would receive free songs to promote both products (Fuhrman, 2007).Even though, Coca-Cola is confronting with a number of challenges in the days to come. The most striking one is that the beverage industry is moving toward a health conscious consumer. “ In many European countries, the increasing consumer trend toward a healthier lifestyle continues to grow demand for functional beverages that offer physical or mental well-being, lower calories and other added values” (Fuhrman, 2007). Consumers’ value products that are going to help them live a healthy lifestyle and feel better both physically and mentally. Coca-Cola has to reconsider its existing product, pricing, distribution channel and promotion strategy to better adapt itself to the ever-changing atmosphere.In order to formulate a well-rounded market strategy for Coca-Cola, this report carefully establishes the relevant tactics which are in line with the analysis and data collected. It is recommended to use 4P which consists of product, place, price, promotion to analyze the specific details in the next part.Marketing mix summaryIn this report, 4P model is utilized to illustrate Coca-Cola’s marketing mix, i.e. product, place, price, promotion.Item DetailsProduct Coca-Cola has a huge product mix which contains about 400 brands, including diet and light beverages, waters, juice and juice drinks, teas,coffees, energy, and sports drinks (Coca-Cola Company, 2012).To attract new consumers and markets, product line must be extended,especially in the health drink product like tea, juice and sports drink etc.In addition, proper modification for the current product is also neededto maintain the current consumers.Price With the careful consideration of consumer’s price elasticity, the prices of the Coca-Cola's Companies products vary according to the brand andthe size in which they come in (Coca-Cola Company, 2012). Differentregion has differed preference and sensitivity to price. The distributorsand retail stores that the Coca-Cola Company deals with shouldimplement their own pricing strategy to gain the best profit marginwithin an accepted sales volume.Promotion There are four major parts of the promotional mix that integrate together to create a competitive advantage for an organization includingadvertising, public relations, sales promotion, and personal selling.Ads: Coca-Cola has invested heavily on advertising. The main purposeof ads are maintaining of brands awareness. Then, the ads in the futureshould focus on health conscious and environmentally friendly to caterfor the existing trend.Public relation: Product placements and sponsorships are frequentlyused by Coca-Cola (Marcial, 2007). Positive spokesperson to appeal tothe younger generation is another effective tool to publicize (Truini,2007)Personal selling: Personal selling in the Coca-Cola Company often isdone in a business-to-business fashion. This can be used in big businessalliance to satisfy consumers’ diversified needs.Sales promotion: coupons and rebates can be often used because theyare more likely to influence customers’ buying decision. Another typeof sales promotion that the Coca-Cola Company is currently using istheir coke rewards points promotion.Place Coca-Cola Company also uses intensive distribution strategies to makesure their products can be available everywhere. Moreover, automaticvending machines are effective to extend distribution network. To copewith the changing diet conception, Coca-Cola should focus more onCoca-Cola’s Diet Coke and Coke Zero sales, especially in LatinAmerica, the BRIC, and Western Europe (Fuhrman, 2007).Detailed strategy for promotionOnly with superior product, efficient distribution network and sufficient inventory is far from a successful business. Promotion is the key element of the marketing mix designed to build a useful channel with the marketplace and to persuade the customers buying decision. The promotional mix is the combination of personal selling, advertising, sales promotion and public relations that it uses in its marketing plan. •AdvertisingThe Coca-Cola’s innovative ads are extremely impressive to consumers. So, next step, what the company should do is keep this unique advantage and focus much more on the localization with respect to different culture background. This can be contributable to develop the emerging market.•Public relationSponsorship in the sport area has been successful in the last few decades and left a positive brand image. To comply with the healthy trend, Coca-Cola needs to invest more in public benefit activities, for instance, giving sponsor Hope Primary School, making contributions to medical treatment cause. These activity may establish a positive image in all kinds of people.•Personal selling & sales promotionThe negative implication of several media has exerted a relatively profound impact upon carbonated beverage. Accordingly, juice, tea and sports drinks should be the main products for promotions. The company can improve health drink market share by using more personal selling booth and more sales discount or lottery coupon. These activities are effective for getting people's short-term attention.Survey experiment in the Fenwick’s department store also proved the above analysis. In the survey of consumers’ attitudes towards health consideration when purchasing drinks, more than 45% agree with the viewpoints (as is shown in the bar chart below).In addition, when asked about familiarity, 50% agree with that it plays a major role in purchasing decision.ControlsImplementationImplementation is the process on how well the business mixes its people, organizational structure and company culture into a cohesive program that supports the marketing plan (Clark, 2005).Coca-Cola should implement several major transformations. First, production capability need to be modified to meet the quota demanded. It must also be cost-effective to avoid inventory stocks wastes. The marketing team should be aware of knowledgeable management about the product. The styles and types of promotion must be appealing to target customers to obtain the potential amount of exposure for the product. Another thing is efficient distribution network. The pertinent issue is taken care of with expedient transportation routes to commercial areas and traffic. Monitoring And ControllingMonitoring and controlling allows Coca-Cola to take the necessary actions to meet the marketing goals. There are three methods Coca-Cola may use to monitor the marketing scheme.•Sales AnalysisThe sales analysis analyzes sales revenue by market segmentation to discover advantages and disadvantages in the different regions. Sellers of Coca-Cola products vary from big retail supermarkets to small corner stores. This tool gives the products maximum exposure to customers at their convenience.•Market Share AnalysisThis approach is a comparison to the major rivals in the relevant market. With the shifts Coca-Cola is currently undergoing, they aim to get an aggressive position to stable its strong power. Target market various age groups and lifestyles from high school students too universities, and male or female.•Marketing Profitability AnalysisThis method takes the cost factor into consideration which deem profitability as a key index. Three ratios can be used for supervising marketing profitability; they are market research to sales, advertising to sales and sales representatives to sales. These three indicators can assist Coca-Cola determine any developing tendency, such as the requirement for a novel product. Scientific and careful comparison of these outcomes with actual results offers the company a clear instruction.Reference listAlarcon, Camille. (2007, January). Coke grows from zero to hero. B & T Weekly, 6-7 McKenzie, M., Linden, R. W. A., & Nicholson, J. W. (2009). The effect of Coca-Cola and fruit juices on the surface hardness of glass–ionomers and ‘compomers’.Journal of Oral Rehabilitation,31(11), 1046-1052.Belch, G. E., Belch, M. A., Kerr, G. F., & Powell, I. (2008).Advertising and promotion: An integrated marketing communications perspective. McGraw-Hill.Clark, Nicola. (2005). PowerAde eyes feminine appeal. Marketing, 16-17Flagg, Michael. (2002). Pepsi Siphons Off Some of Coke's Lead In China by Learning to Pick Its Battles.Wall Street Journal (Eastern Edition),23(5), 12-13. Fuhrman, E. (2007, September). Western Europe: A mature market. Beverage Industry, 98(9), 24-26.De Mooij, M. & Hofstede, G. (2010). Convergence and divergence in consumer behavior: implications for international retailing.Journal of retailing,78(1), 61-69.Harnack, L., Stang, J., & Story, M. (2004). Soft drink consumption among US children and adolescents: nutritional consequences.Journal of the American Dietetic Association,99(4), 436-441.MacArthur,Kate and Thompson, Stephanie.(2006). Pepsi, Coke: We satisfy your 'need states'.Advertising Age,77(3), 54-56.Marcial, G. (2007). Coke Sparkles Again. Business Week,15(2), 51-53.The Coca-Cola Company 2012 Annual Review, 12-15Truini, J. (2007). Beverage maker plans biggest plastics plant. Waste News, 13. (10), 4-4.Tucker, W. T. (2006). The development of brand loyalty.Journal of Marketing Research, 32-35.。
