考研英语阅读理解精读训练题目及答案解析 UNIT 12

1. The whole nation grieved for the death of the their president John Kennedy.A. was distressed（悲痛）B. was distributed（分散，分布）C. was defeated（击败，战胜）D. was diminished（使减少，减小）译文：全国哀悼他们的总统约翰·肯尼迪的逝世。

2. The central government collided with city parliament over its industrial plans.A. countered（）B. conflicted（冲突，矛盾）C. corresponded（符合，一致）D. contested（争辩，质疑）译文：中央政府在工业计划上与市议会发生冲突。

3. A subtle influence emanates from the teacher upon his students.A. originates（发源，发生）B. suffers（经历，遭受）C. vanishes（小时）D. transmits（传输，发射）译文：老师对学生有一种潜移默化的影响。

4. At the press conference, the crazy teenagers fully displayed their infatuation for theirfavorite movie stars.A. delusion（迷惑；欺骗；错觉）B. passion（激情，热情；酷爱）C. miracle（奇迹；惊人的事）D. inflation（膨胀；夸张；自命不凡）译文：在新闻发布会上，这些疯狂的青少年充分展示了他们对喜爱的电影明星的迷恋。

5. Temples, mosques, churches and synagogues are all sacred buildings.A. spiritual（精神的；心灵的）B. earthly（尘世的；地球的）C. holy（神圣的）D. secular（世俗的）译文：寺庙、清真寺、教堂和犹太教堂都是神圣的建筑。

If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses。

Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that's God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor。

第十二课
1、对绝大多数美国人而言，苏格兰人的生活可称得上清贫，其收入大约仅为美国人的一半。

在圣安德鲁斯附近的法夫地区40%的家庭没有汽车，我们也从未遇见过哪个家庭拥有两辆汽车。

那个时候，在这个离冰岛南部不远的地方，中央暖气系统仍是一种奢侈品。

2、我们听到了人们对玛格丽特.撒切尔夫人的抱怨，但却从未听到有人抱怨工资太低或没有
能力购买想要的东西。

虽然钱比美国人挣得少一些，但对生活的满足、对人的热情、朋友相聚的愉悦却一点儿都不比美国人少。

3、如此看来，财富好比健康：虽然赤贫会导致悲惨，但有钱并不能保证幸福。

幸福，与其
说是得到我们想要的东西，不如说是想要我们拥有的东西。

4、今天25岁的年轻人会比75岁的祖父母更多地回想起生活中那段消沉、绝望的日子，尽
管祖父母曾在更长的岁月中经受过各种各样的痛苦，从腿部骨折到经济萧条所带来的极度痛苦。

5、从来没有哪个文化曾经经历过物质的舒适与精神的悲苦如此交织在一起的情景。

我们也
从来未感到像现在这样自由，然而我们的监狱却从未像现在这样人满为患，我们对快乐的理解也从来未像现在这样精深，然而我们却更有可能承受着破裂的人际关系所带来的痛苦。

TPO12阅读详细分析及答案WHICH HAND DID THEY USE1. assist in帮助，所以C的help with是正确答案。

原句说尽管piant通常是靠嘴来spray的，但dominant hand起到了什么作用，帮忙作用，所以C正确。

A的initiate和D的set up都有开始，建立之意，两者相似，且跟文章无关，都错；B的dominate 和文章相反，前面已经有一个dominant了2.以mouth和hand stencil做关键词定位至倒数第二和第三句，说dominant hand是帮忙的；最后一句又说136是左手22是右手，通过具体数字说明左手比较主要，所以B是答案；注意B和C 是一对相反答案，所以C错，A说不知道哪个主要也就错；D没说3. depict描述，所以C的pictured正确，picture作名词图片大家都知道，作动词与原来名词的意思相关，所以是描述。

原句说在为数不多的情况当中，figure被怎么样拿着东西，imagine 想象，而原文的意思是真的拿着东西，所以imagine不对；reveal揭露和identify都表示从无到有的意思，不对4.先将长句拆开，who后面的从句整个是对前面的人的修饰；主干部分就是engraving是从左边lit的。

A选项的因果关系原文没有，所以错；B将原句的主干换成了从句，同时将原文的从句换成了主干，改变了原文的结构，错；C正确，只是将原句的被动换成了主动；D完全改变了原文的结构，错5. EXCEPT题，排除法，A的engraving做关键词定位至第二段第二句，正确，不选；B对应第一段第三句，但这个不是right-handedness的原因，所以这个选项不对，选；C的prevalence 和left hand定位至第一段最后一句，正确，不选；D的定位至第二段最后一句，正确，不选6.以La做关键词定位至倒数第二句，noticeably stronger，答案B正确，A和C都有提到，但都不是La被认定为right-handedness的原因，所以不选，D没说7.以fractures and other cut marks做关键词定位至第一句，但第一句信息太少，往下看，说右撇子士兵伤在左侧，所以正确答案是C。

考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--2007年Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the late months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a）certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b）winter born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c）soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d）none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after ab out 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expertperformers –whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.1. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.2. The word “mania” （Line 4, Paragraph 2）most probably means[A] fun. [B] craze. [C] hysteria. [D] excitement.3. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.4. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.5. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”Unit 14（2007）Part 1试题解析：1．【正确答案】【C】【解析】结构题，题干中的“is mentioned to”表明本题是结构题。

A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July。

Key to Comprehension1.The author means that the believers of the old idea and the believers of the new idea are the same in essence (i.e., both want to stop trade with the developing countries) but different in argument(i.e., the former set forth the argument that the trade with the poor countries would deepen these countries' poverty while the latter brings forward the argument that trade with the poor countries will impoverish today's rich countries).2.Because the focus in the past was on what would help poor countries. Now it is on how it will effect rich countries. If the rich become more protective, the poor countries will suffer even more.Because he believes that supporters of the new idea can easily persuade the rich countries to accept the idea that only by breaking up the links with the third world countries can they protect their own interests.3.a. Nearly all countries in the world are richer than before.b. Growth provides mutual economic development for both rich and poor countries.c. International economic interaction has not been the cause of low living standardsin some poor countries.4.A5.To illustrate the adaptive power of market economy, the author gives examples that people can get jobs in newly-established industries and better their living standards. This happened when farm employment in the industrial countries almost disappeared and even now when manufacturing employment in America remains at only 15% of the labor force.6.As a consequence of the intense competition in the third world countries, people in the developed countries will get lower wages and may not even find jobs. This will lead to great social distress as American society no longer has strong family and religious ties to help withstand the strains.7.By saying "in other respects", the author means in the respects of natural resources and human resources.8.a. Make more investments and increase their efficiency.b. Expand markets for exports and reap new economies of scale.c. Enjoy higher real incomes and higher living standards.9.Lower-skilled workers in rich countries who get lower wages and who have lost their jobs.10.Because the author wants to show that those who argue against the trade with poorcountries are illogical. He holds the opinion that the economic integration, like new technology, shouldn't be resisted because it brings more benefits than costs.ernments can protect the losers by providing a welfare system that pays a subsistence income to the unemployed, helping workers acquire the skills they need to change jobs, expanding programs of adult education, establishing more employment agencies, giving more money and help to those who need to move to find work and providing explicit subsidies for some low-wage employment.12.To qualify the wrong idea some economists have, the author uses such words as "worry", "fear", "scare", "prejudice", "error", "fallacy", etc. The author calls these economists "alarmists".13.The author writes this essay with the purpose of refuting the wrong ideas of some economists and arguing for the economic interaction between rich and poor countries.14.These are two ideas that argue against economic interaction between poor and rich countries. The author believes both are fallacious. He states that "the economic benefits to the North from faster growth in the third world seen certain to outweigh the costs," and "the gains to the world's poor countries and the global benefit are immense." Though there appear some "losers" in rich countries, the governments there shouldn't deny the benefits to the whole population. Instead, they can take effective measures to protect the losers and promote economic integration. Only by doing so can they protect their own interests and help poor countries get rid of poverty.Key to Vocabulary and StructureA.1. hysterical2. conviction3. obsolete4. suffice5. distress6. outweigh7. oversight 8. misery9. innovation 10. explicitB.1. a. jeopardy b. jeopardized2. a. prohibiting b. prohibition3. a. subsidized b. subsidies4. a. adaptability b. adapt5. a. impoverishment b. impoverished6. a. innovative b. innovators7. a. affirmations b. affirmative8. a. integrated b. integration9. a. subsistence b. subsistence10. a. plausible b. plausiblyC.1. go round2. part and parcel of3. in excess of4. at the expense of5. at a disadvantage6. given way to7. rests on 8. at length9. gain ground 10. in aggregateD.1. was originated--originated2. them--it3. sustaining--sustained4. steady--steadily5. freely--free6. on--in7. With--Without 8. made--make9. qualified--quality 10. if--unlessE.1. industrialized2. dependent3. core4. providing5. claim6. simultaneously7. financed 8. poorer9. last 10. relationship11. exploit 12. essence13. maintain 14. theorists15. primarilyKey to the translation from English to ChineseA.尽管在学科目标和所达到的理论发展水平之间存在着差异，但理论在经济、地理和经济地理领域里起着相同的作用。

Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone”between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological experts Part BDirections：。