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强调句及定语从句及名词性从句的区分作者：李艳丽来源：《新一代》2013年第11期摘要：在英语学习中由it is…that引导的句型结构，常可构成强调句或定语从句，名词性从句，三者极易混淆。
这三种句性非常重要，是掌握的一大难点。
这几种从句有一的相似性，不少学生难以分清，常常误用。
本文着重研究这几种从句的相似性及不同点，分析在各种语境下怎样正确使用强调句，定语从句和名词性从句。
关键词：强调句；定语从句；名词性从句中图分类号：G630 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-2851（2013）-11-0201-01知识点讲解1：强调句与定语从句的区分一般来说，如果将it is/was…与连接词去掉，句子仍然正确，就为强调句型。
这时，就选用that连接词；否则，就为定语从句，其关系词的选择，应根据先行词与从句的关系而定。
例（1）It is on the island that they spent 10 years.（2）It is the island where （on which） they spent 10 years.比较：（1）该句为强调句。
表示地点的名词the island前有介词与其连用，说明它是一个完整的地点状语。
如果将it is去掉：They spent 10 years on the island.它的意义仍然完整。
故应选用连接词that构成强调句式（注：强调地点状语时，不可用where连接）。
（2）该句为定语从句。
表示地点的名词the island前没有介词与其连用，说明它不是一个完整的地点状语。
如果将it is去掉：They spent 10 years the island.它的意义不完整。
故应选用关系副词where或on which 构成定语从句结构。
知识点讲解2：名词性从句与定语从句的区分所谓名词性从句包括：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。
那他们又是什么呢？我们知道一个完整的句子了要有主语谓语宾语，或者表语，同位语。
名词性从句主语从句一．名词性从句的概念在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中▲请观察下列句子，注意划线部分句子的意义及用法。
1. What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.2. Who will go to the concert is not known.3. That she was chosen made us very happy.4. Whether she will come or not is still a question.5. Which book they will choose is still unknown.6. When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided.7. It’s strange that he knows nothing about it.8. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.9. It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.二．主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. 主语从句可以由下列从属连词引导：1）that, whether, whether…or等That she is still alive is a consolation.Whether we can help you is a difficult question.Whether we go or not depends on the weather.2）who, whom(只能作宾语), what, which等Whoever breaks the law deserves a fineWhat caused the accident is a complete mystery.Which of these two plans is better remains to be seen.3) whose, what, whichWhose fault it is remains a mystery.Which book you choose is yours.What changes we have made in the plan will be announced later.4）when, where, why, howWhen the meeting will be held has not been announced.Where he lives is unknown to me.Why he did it will remain a puzzle for ever.How I found it out is no concern of yours.2. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。
语法复习三：名词性从句在前面我们已经知道了什么是句子.我们可以这样解释什么叫从句:在一个句子的前面加上一个连接词,这个句子就变成了从句.如果这个从句做了主语,它就是主语从句.其它的以此类推.注: 1.特殊疑问句本身可以做从句,它不需要加连接词.2.所有的从句要使用陈述语序. 陈述语序: 句子第一个词永远是主语;第二个词可能是情态动词\助动词等加上动词,或者是动词本身.名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
名词性从句,顾名思义,它具有名词性.所以可以作主语,宾语等等.回忆一下句子成分那一章（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。
有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。
有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if, that（二）主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that引导主语从句时放在句首时，不能省略。
That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.实用例句:Is it true that he will be punished seriously by the headmaster?Does it make any difference who bought these gifts?How strange it is that these children are so quiet!注意: 表示是否,只能使用whether.（三）表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。
名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫作名词性从句。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连词引导名词性从句的连词可分为三类：(1)连接词：that(本身无任何含义)，whether(是否)，whether…or…(是……还是……)，if(是否)。
连接词只起连接作用，不充当从句的任何成分。
如：That China has the world's largest population is a well-known fact.中国的人口世界第一，这是众所周知的事实。
They don't know whether/if these figures are accurate.他们不知道这些数字是否精确。
(2)连接代词：what(什么)，whatever(无论什么)，who(谁——主格)，whoever(无论谁)，whom(谁——宾格)，whose(谁的——所有格)，which(哪个/些)等。
它们除起连接作用外，还在从句中担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等语法成分。
如：The question is who can operate the new machine.问题是谁会操作这台新机器。
Whose plan is better has not been discussed.谁的计划比较好还没有被讨论。
Do you remember what he said at the meeting?你还记得他在会上说的话吗？(3)连接副词：when(何时)，where(何地)，how(如何，怎样)，why(为何)。
它们除起连接作用外，还在从句中作相应的状语。
如：When the meeting will be held has not ben announced.会议何时召开还没有宣布。
【英语写作】名词性与状语从句核心句型总结1.名词性从句核心句型总结：It is obvious / manifest / apparent that …显而易见It is necessary / imperative that sb. should do sth. 某人有必要做某事；某人应该做某事It is certain that …当然= of courseIt is no wonder that …难怪…，…不足为奇It is a pity that …遗憾的是…It is known to all that … / As is known to all, …众所周知It is widely accepted that …人们普遍认为…It must be admitted that …必须要承认的是= admittedlyIt cannot be denied that …不可否认= undeniablyIt must be pointed out tha t …必须要指出的是It seems that … / It looks as if …看起来，似乎，貌似，好像It matters much + 从句…很重要It matters little + 从句…不怎么重要It matters not + 从句…不重要It matters much what kinds of job a person chooses.It matters little whether you accept my proposal.It occurs to sb. that …某人突然想到…It does not occur to sb. that …某人没有想到…It never occurs to sb. that…某人从没有想到……think / consider / suppose / believe it + adj. / n. + to do sth. 认为做某事…= … think it + adj./ n. + that …The visitors think it a pleasure to play this game.= … think it a pleasure that they play this game.= … think that it is a pleasure to play this game.find it + adj. / n. + to do sth. 发现做某事…= … find it + adj. / n. + that …I found it useless to try to finish so many tasks.feel it + adj. / n. + to do sth. 感觉做某事…The students feel it difficult to understand the teacher.… make it + adj. + for sb. to do sth. …使某人做某事变得（easy, difficult, possible等）The advent of highly automated machinery makes itmore convenient for farmers to manage their land.take it for granted that …理所当然的认为…see to it that … 确保，保证…= ensure / make sure that …The reason why … is that ……的原因是…This is why …这就是…的原因，因此There is no doubt that …毫无疑问= undoubtedlyhave no idea + 从句不知道…= don’t know …In spite of / Despite the fact that …尽管= Although …2.状语从句核心句型与亮点引导词总结：so that … / in order that …以便；为了in case (that) …以防；以免；万一lest … / for fear that …以防，以免，唯恐；万一（从句谓语用虚拟形式：should do）He wrote down the name for fear that he should forget it.He wrote down the name lest he should forget it.so … that … / such … that …如此…以致于…although / though / albeit…尽管…even though / even if / be it that / granting that …即使…no matter + wh-词…无论，不管*be it A or B 不管是A还是B*adj. / n. + though / as + 主语+ 系动词尽管… (倒装句型)Simple as the mission sounds, it involves many obstacles indeed.Kid as he is, he has a deep understanding of society. (kid前不用冠词)(Just) as …, so …正如…所以…Just as bitter medicine cures sickness, so unpalatable advice benefits conduct.It will be + 一段时间+ before … 过多久才…It will be four days before they come back.It won’t be + 一段时间+ before … 过多久就…It won’t be four days before they come back.*It is not until … that … (not until强调句型) 直到…才…It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.*Not until … do … (not until倒装句型) 直到…才…Not until the meeting was over did he begin to teach me English.It is/has been + 一段时间+ since (持续动作) 某人不做某事有…时间了。
初中英语语法专题之强调句用法总结及考点归纳强调句是我们英语学习过程中常见的一种句型，是我们学习的重点，也是难点。
强调句是用来表示强调说话人的意愿和情感。
它只是强调句子的某一个成分，通常强调主语、宾语或者是状语。
强调句是一种特殊的独立成分，通常用于强调句子中的某个部分。
在英语中，强调句通常使用倒装语序的方式，将强调的内容置于句子的开头或结尾。
例如:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。
)I said to him, “I don’t like it.”(我对他说:“我不喜欢它。
”)He said to me, “Can you help me with this?”(他对我说:“你能帮我吗?”)一、强调句基本句型1、强调句的陈述句句型确实是:It is /was + 被强调的部分+ that/who引导的从句+ 原句其他部分。
这个句型可以用于各种时态和语态的句子中，表示说话人对于句子中被强调的部分有特别关注和重视的意思。
例如:It is very important that you come to the meeting tomorrow.(明天你来参加会议非常重要。
)It was on the tip of my tongue to tell him about it.(我想告诉他这件事，但是差一点儿就说出口了。
)It was her idea that we should go for a walk in the park.(我们想去公园散步是她提出的主意。
)需要注意的是，在强调句中，be动词的形式始终为is或was,表示强调的时态和语态与原句保持一致。
同时，that/who引导的从句可以是名词从句、形容词从句或副词从句等，用来进一步说明被强调的内容。
2、强调句的一般疑问句型为:Is / Was + it + 被强调的部分+ that/who/whom 引导的从句+ 原句其他部分?这个句型用来对强调句进行提问，询问强调的内容是什么。
强调句与定语从句篇一：强调句和各从句的区别一、定语从句与名词性从句句式结构用法比较定语从句常易与主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句等名词性从句相混淆。
判断的方法是：由关系代词或副词引起的句子直接充当句中某一成分，即为名词性从句；如果这个句子修饰前面的一个名词即先行词或指代整个句子的内容，即为定语从句。
例1・⑴ As is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth onceevery month・(2) It is known to everyone that the moon travels round the earth once every month・比较：(1)两个句子之间有连接词，而IL由逗号分隔。
根据前一分句意义“正如大家所知道的(众所周知)”分析，该句应用关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整个句子内容。
(2)两个句子之间有连接词that连接。
根据句意分析，that所引起的从句为主语从句, 故该句应选用it作形式主语置于句首，引导主语从句。
例2・(l)Shenzhen is no longer what it used to be.(2) Shenzhen is no longer the place that it used to be.比较：(1)句中没有充当表语的名词，故应选用代词what (??样子)引起一个表语从句。
(2)句中表语名词the place彼it used to be所修饰，jl充当其句中表语。
故应选用关系代词that指代先行词the place引起一个定语从句。
仮lj 3・(1) Please tell me the reason why he didn? t attend the meet ing・(2) Please tell me why he didn"t attend the meeting.比较：(1)句中充当宾语的名the reason 被he didn't attend the meeting 所修饰，IL充当句中的原因状语。
定语从句名词性从句强调定语从句所谓从句，就是一个主谓结构相当于整个句子(这样的句子叫复合句)的一个成分，因此，从句不能单独使用。
在复合句中修饰名词或代词、作定语的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句是中国人学英语的难点之一。
其实定语从句很有规律，总结如下:在关系代词中that既可指人又可指物、既可作主语又可作宾语，因此，除了在非限定性定语从句中，用that一般不会出问题。
关系副词的用法比较单一，它们从句中只起状语的作用，表示时间的就用when，表示地点的就用where，而why只修饰一个词，即reason。
定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”，因为它总是处在定语从句的前头，比定语从句先行一步。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：who，which，that作从句的主语whom，which，that作从句的宾语(可省略)whose从句中作定语以下情况只能用that，不能用which:i. 先行词为不定代词all, little, none，any，every，no，much, anything, nothingii. 先行词有最高级和序数词修饰时(包括: the only, the very, the same, the last, the next等)iii. 先行词既有人又有物的时候以下情况只能用which，不能用that;①引导非限制性定语从句(包括代表整个主句的意思时)②介词+关系代词的结构中关系副词：when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，只修饰reason。
如果用定语从句把两个句子合二为一:首先找出两个句子当中相同的部分，定语从句修饰的就是这一部分。
要把其中一个句子变成定语从句，就要把这句中相同的那个部分用一个关系词来代替;代替时，先看被代替的部分是指人还是指物、再看它作什么句成分。
指人并作主语的，就用who。
读后续写Continuation Writing（导学案）I. 1.高考读后续写的命题特点：要求考生阅读一篇约350词的不完整故事（多以___________文章为主），故事情节有曲折、有起伏。
考生依据该材料的内容、所给段落开头语进行续写（150词左右），将其发展成一篇情节和结构完整的短文。
2.写作思路：1）一个中心：写作中心主题/意图；2）两条拓展线：_____________和____________。
II.读前词汇攻关1. pair sb. with..._______________2. deliberately______________________3. abusive____________________4. dream up ___________________________________________ 6. have a reputation for ________________7.drop the class _______________ 8.at one point ________________________9.draw up ____________________ 10.be admitted to hospital______________III.（2022.浙江1月）高考真题When Dr. Henderson was assigning(指定)project mates for his psychology class, I secretly hoped that he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have some fun with. Above all, I hoped he wouldn’t assign me to work with the fiercely petitive and extremely serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match. As fate would have it( 就像命中注定那样 ), Dr. Henderson very deliberately matched everyone in class and announced that I would be working with the one person in class I wanted to avoid.I went up to my new teammate and introduced myself. He looked at me as though I weren’t there. I felt he treated me as though I would hold him back(妨碍) and probably make him fail to get an A in the course. He wasn’t mean or abusive; he just gave me the im pression he could do whatever project we dreamed up better if he did it alone.Needless to say(不用说), I didn’t look forward to an entire team of being brushed off(冷落), but I tried to make the best of it and didn’t say anything for fear that I would make things worse.The project required each team to develop a hypothesis(假设), set up an experiment to test the hypothesis, do the statistical analysis(数据分析) and present the findings. Whatever grade the team received would be shared by both students.When my teammate and I met to discuss our project, I was uneasy. Here was this challenging student who had a reputation for singlemindedness(专注) and good grades—the exact opposite of me. I actually wanted to drop the class at one point, but stopped short(突然停下) because I didn’t want to give him the satisfaction of my chickening out(因害怕而临阵退缩). I decided to stick to it no matter what.After long discussions we somehow agreed to do a study on the psychological wellbeing(心理健康) of teenagers. I wasn’t sure w hat it meant exactly, but at least we had a topic.注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；Paragraph 1 We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans. __________________________ Paragraph 2 One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease. _______读故事Activity1: Read for elements (7审).(1). 审体裁(type):_________________ 审人物(who)：_________________________审时态(tense)：_______________ 审时间(when):_________________________ 审地点(where):___________________审主旨(main idea):_____________________________________________________________ 审情节(plot): 情节线&感情线2.中心写作主题/意图：___________________________________________________________ 读故事Activity2: Read for the language features (how).1. How is the passage developed? ( )A. By time orderB. By space order2. Which of the following descriptions of details(细节描写) are covered? (多选题) ( )A. dialoguesB. actionsC. surroundingsD. emotions/feelingsE. appearance读故事Activity3: Match the feelings and characters with my teammate and me.（请连线）①Our feelings to each other A. easygoing, unwilling to give in and determined②My character B. academically excellent, unfriendly, cold and serious③M y teammate’s character C. unwilling/reluctant（不情愿）读故事Activity4: Read for plots and emotions （情节/情感）续故事Activity5:1. 原则：Rule1: 两段首句定一框+原文末段末句（由续写的第一段首句与第二段首、原文末句确定第一段的框架）。
