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Unit 6Mark Twain---Mirror of AmericaVocabulary1. idyllic [aɪ'dɪlɪk] ( adj. ) :pastoral or picturesque；pleasing and simple 田园诗的；田园风光的；生动逼真的；质朴宜人的2. cynical ( adj.) :believing that people are motivated in all their actions only by selfishness；denying the sincerity of people's motives and actions，or the value of living玩世不恭的；愤世嫉俗的3. obsess (v．) :haunt or trouble in mind，esp. to an abnormal degree；preoccupy greatly使分心；使心神困扰(尤指精神反常、着迷)4．frailty ( n.) :the quality or condition of being frail；weakness(esp. moral weakness)脆弱性；虚弱性(尤指意志薄弱)5．tramp ( n.) :the act of tramping；a journey on foot；hike . 漂泊,流浪; 步行；徒步旅行6．prospector ( n.) :a person who prospects for valuable ores，oil，etc．(矿藏等的)勘探者；探矿者7．starry—eyed ( adj.) :with the eyes sparkling in a glow of wonder，romance，visionary dreams，etc．过于理想的；不切实际的；盲目乐观的8．acid—tongued ( adj.) :sharp，sarcastic in speech说话尖刻的9．cynic ( n.) :a cynical person玩世不恭的人；好挖苦人的人；愤世嫉俗的人10．navigable ( adj.) :wide and deep enough，or free enough from obstructions，to be traveled on by vessels 可行船的；可通航的；可航行的11．attest ( v.) :serve as proof of；demonstrate；make clear作为……的证据，为……作证；论证；表明12．artery ( n.) :a main road or channel干线，干道，大路；干渠13．keelboat ( n.) :a large，shallow freight boat with a keel，formerly used on the Mississippi，Missouri，etc．(旧时密西西比河、密苏西河等用的)龙骨船14．flatboat ( n.) :a boat with a flat bottom，for carrying freight in shallow waters or on rivers平底船15．molasses ( n.) :a thick，usually dark brown syrup produced during the refining of sugar，or from sorghum(高粱)，etc．糖蜜，糖浆16．cub ( n.) :an inexperienced，awkward youth阅历浅的年轻人17．cosmos ( n.) :the universe considered as a harmonious and orderly system宇宙18．feud ( n.) :a bitter，long—continued，and deadly quarrel，esp. between clans of families(尤指部落或家族间的)世仇，累世宿仇，夙怨，长期不和19．lynch (v．) :[Am．] murder(an accused person) by mob action and without lawful trial，as by hanging[美]私刑处死20．phonographic [,fonə'græfɪk] ( adj.) :[Am.] of a phonograph or the sounds made by sb. [美]留声机的，唱机的21．teem ( v．) :be full，as though ready to bring forth young；abound；swarm充满；富于；大量地出现；涌现teem withabound inswarm with22．flotsam ( n.) :transient，unemployed people；vagrants 流离失所者，流浪者，游民；失业者；被毁掉的人23．hustler ( n.) :[Am．slang]a prostitute[美俚]妓女24．thug ( n.) :a rough，brutal hoodlum，gangster，robber，etc．恶棍；暴徒；强盗25．motley ( adj. ) :having or composed of many different or clashing elements；heterogeneous混乱的；杂乱的26．succumb ( v．) :①give way(to)；yield；submit ②die ①屈服，屈从(常与to连用)②死27．epidemic ( n.) :the rapid，widespread occurrence of a fad，fashion，etc．(风尚、风气、爱好等的)一时流行，风行28．flirt ( v．) :trifle or toy(with)玩弄，戏耍；做着玩；不认真地对待，不认真地考虑(常与with连用)29．colossal ( adj.) :like a colossus in size；huge；gigantic；enormous巨大的，庞大的30．rebuff ( v．) :check or repulse挫败；阻止31．broke (adj.) :[colloq．] having little or no money；bankrupt[口]无钱的，身无分文的；破了产的32．hone (v．) :sharpen with or as with a hone把……放在磨石上磨33．scathing ( adj. ) : searing；withering；injurious；harsh or caustic严厉的，尖刻的34．sluggish ( adj. ) :slow or slow moving；not active；dull(行动)缓慢的；迟钝的35．sloth ( n.) :a lazy person懒汉36．astound ( v．) :bewilder with sudden surprise；astonish greatly；amaze使震惊，使惊愕，使大吃一惊37．tedious ( adj.) :long or verbose and wearisome；tiresome；boring冗长乏味的；使人厌倦的；沉闷的38．travelogue ( n.) :a lecture on travels, usually accompanied by the showing of pictures旅行见闻讲座39．Sultan ( n.) :a Moslem ruler苏丹(一些伊斯兰教国家统治者的称号)40．debunk ( v．) :[Am．colloq] expose the false or exaggerated claims，pretensions，glamour，etc．[美口]揭露，揭发，揭穿41．revere ( v．) :regard with deep respect，love，and awe；venerate尊敬，崇敬；敬畏42．ingenuity [,ɪndʒə'nuətɪ] ( n.) :the quality of being ingenious；cleverness，originality，skill，etc．机灵，机智，足智多谋；独创性，创造力；熟练，巧妙43．juvenile ( adj.) :young and youthful年轻的；青年的44．pariah ['pærɪə]( n.) :any person despised or rejected by others；outcast为社会所遗弃者；流浪者; 印度世袭阶级中的贱民45．puritanical ( adj.) :extremely or excessively strict in matters of morals and religion宗教(或道德)上极端拘谨的46．panorama [,pænə'ræmə] ( n.) :an unlimited view in all directions全景；全图47．deplore ( v．) :be regretful or sorry about懊悔，悔恨，对……深感遗憾48．sap ( v．) :undermine in any way；weaken；exhaust 削弱；耗竭49．clamor ( n.) :a loud outcry；uproar大声呼喊，喧嚷，喧嚣，吵闹50．robust ( adj. ) :strong and healthy；full of vigor；hardy健壮的；精力充沛的51．haunt ( v．) :appear or recur repeatedly to，often to the point of obsession(思想、回忆等)萦绕；(疾病等)缠住52．pneumonia ( n.) :inflammation or infection of the alveoli of the lungs of varying degrees of severity and caused by any of a number of agents，such as bacteria orviruses肺炎．53．meningitis ( n.) [,mɛnɪn'dʒaɪtɪs] :inflammation of the meninges [mə'nɪndʒiz] esp. as the result of infection by bacteria or viruses脑脊膜炎54．epi’leptic ( n.) :a person who has ‘epilepsy癫痫患者55．pad ( v．) :stuff，cover，or line with a pad or padding 填塞；衬填56．crater ( n.) :a bowl—shaped cavity，as at the mouth of a volcano or on the surface of the moon碗形洞(如火山口、环形山、月亮表面的坑状地方)57．crumble ( v．) :fall to pieces；disintegrate；decay 破碎，破裂；使溃散，使瓦解，消灭58．lament ( v.) :feel or express deep sorrow for；mourn or grieve for为……而悲痛；哀悼；为……而伤心短语(Expressions)59．every bit: (infml) equally；entirely完全，同样地例：He is every bit as mean as she is．他与她同样平庸。
Unit 6 Vocabulary1. blackmail (n.) :the obtaining of money or advancement by threatening to make known unpleasant facts about a person or group敲诈；勒索2. suite ( n.) [swi:t]: a group of connected rooms used as a unit，such as an apartment一套房间3. cryptic ( adj.) :having a hidden or ambiguous meaning；mysterious隐蔽的，秘密的；神秘的4. fray ( v．) :make or become weakened or strained(使)变弱；(使)紧张5. dispatch ( v．) :send off or out promptly，usually on a specific errand or official business(迅速地)派遣，派出(常指特别差事或公事)6. errand ( n.) :a trip to carry a message or do adefinite thing，esp. for someone else差事(尤指为别人送信或办事)7. piggy ( adj. ) : like a pig；gluttonous猪一般的；贪婪的(=piggish)8. sardonic ( adj.) :bitter，scornful，ironic or sarcastic讥讽的；嘲笑的sardonically adv．9. gross ( adj.) : big or fat and coarse—looking；corpulent肥胖的，臃肿的；粗壮的10. jowl ( n.) :the fleshy，hanging part under the lower jaw下颚的下垂部分11. en’compass ( v．) :shut in all around；surround；encircle 围绕，环绕12. flip ( v．) :toss or move with a quick jerk；flick(用指等)轻弹；轻拂13. de’cor ( n.) :[Fre.]decoration[法语]装饰，装璜14. obese ( adj. ) :very fat；stout；corpulent过度肥胖的；肥大的15. appreciative ( adj.) :feeling or showing appreciation欣赏的；有欣赏力的；有眼力的；有鉴赏力的16. in’congruous ( adj.) :lacking harmony or agreement; incompatible不和谐的；不调和不相容的；自相矛盾的17. fal’setto: ①n．an artificial way of singing or speaking，in which the voice is placed in a register much higher than that of the natural voice假声(说、唱)②adj.假声的；用假声唱的18. emission ( n.) :the act of sending out or giving forth (heat，light，smell)；the action of uttering (sound)(热、光、气味等的)散发，放出；(声音等的)发出19. spit ( v．) :eject，throw(out)，emit，or utter explosively喷出，吐出；激烈地说出20. savagery ( n.) :savage act，behavior，or disposition；barbarity暴行；残忍；凶猛21. blandness ( n.) :being mild and soothing温和，和蔼；文雅22. adversary ( n.) : person who opposes or fights against another；opponent敌手；敌方；对手Adverse23. hightail ( v.) :[colloq．]leave or go in a hurry；scurry off (chiefly in hightail it )[口]匆忙离开，匆忙走开；迅速撤退；迅速逃走(主要用于hightail it)24. blink ( v．): wink(the eyes)rapidly；cause(eyes)to wink眨(眼)；使眨(眼)25. ‘in’bred ( adj.) : innate or deeply instilled天生的，生来的，先天的highbredlowbred26. flicker ( v．) :move with a quick，light，wavering motion摇曳，摇动，晃动27. interject ( v．) :throw in between；interrupt with打断；插入，插(话)28. clasp ( v．) :hold tightly(with the arms or hands)；grasp firmly握住；紧握29. conceal ( v．) :put out of sight；hide把……藏起来，隐藏，隐匿30. puff ( v．) :blow，drive，give forth，etc．in or with a puff or puffs(一阵阵地)吹；喷出31. leastways ( adv．) : leastwise；anyway(多用于口语)至少；无论如何32. smug (adj.) :narrowly contented with one’s own accomplishments，beliefs，morality，etc．；self—satisfied to an annoying degree沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的；自满的33. tuck ( v．) :put into a secluded or isolated spot 把……放入隐蔽或隔离的地方；使隐蔽；(收)藏起34. cluck ( v．) :make a low，sharp，clicking sound，as of a hen calling her chickens or brooding；utter with such a sound(母鸡唤小鸡时的)咯咯叫，作咯咯叫声；(人)咯咯地叫；咯咯地说35. reproving ( adj. ) :expressing disapproval of指责的；非难的／reprovingly adv．36. hunch ( n.) :[colloq．]a feeling about something not based on known facts；premonition or suspicion[口]预感，预兆；疑心37. jockey ( n.) :[Am．slang]one who operates aspecified vehicle，machine，etc．[美俚](某种车辆的)驾驶员；(机器等的)操作者38. bust ( v．) :[slang]burst or break[俚](使)爆裂，(使)击破39. despairing ( adj.) :feeling or showing despair；hopeless绝望的，没有希望的／despairingly adv．40. shrug ( v．) :draw up(the shoulders)，as in expressing indifference，doubt，disdain，contempt，etc．(为表达冷漠、无奈等)耸肩41. twig ( v．) :[Brit．colloq．]observe；notice[英口]观察；注意42. discreet ( adj.) :careful about what one says or does；prudent：keeping silent or preserving confidences when necessary (言行)谨慎的；慎重的；考虑周到的／discreetly adv．43. holler ( v．) :[colloq．]shout or yell[口]叫喊，呼喊44. oafish( adj.) :stupid愚蠢的，笨拙的oaf. n45. grotesque (adj.) :ludicrous, eccentric or strange；ridiculous；absurd怪僻的；荒谬的；滑稽可笑的46. une’quivocal ( adj.) :not equivocal；not ambiguous；plain；clear不含糊的；不模棱两可的；明确的；明白的equivocal47. bulbous (adj.) :shaped like a bulb；fat and round (often derog．)球茎形的；又肥又圆的(常用作贬义)48. countenance ( n.) :the face；facial features脸,面孔;面貌，面容，脸色49. peremptory (adj. ) :intolerantly positive；dictatorial；dogmatic；imperious高傲的；武断的；专横的；强制的／peremptorily adv．50. rivet ( v．) :fix or hold(the eyes，attention，etc．)firmly(把目光、注意力等)集中于……rivet 铆钉, 固定51. imperious (adj.) : overbearing；arrogant；masterful，domineering傲慢的；专横的；盛气凌人的52. respite ( n.) ['rɛspɪt] : an interval of temporary relief or rest暂时的休息；暂时的喘息53. vacillation ( n.) :the state of wavering in mind；hesitation；indecision犹豫；踌躇54. dally ( v．) :be slow or waste time闲荡；延误55. bulge ( v．) :swell or bend outward；protrude or project膨胀，肿胀；鼓起，隆起，突出56. beady ( adj.) :(esp．of an eye) small，round，and glittering like a bead(尤指眼睛)似珠子般小而亮的bead n. 珠子,珠状短语(Expressions)57. put out: stop sth．burning熄灭例：I threw water over him．desperately trying to put out the flames．我往他身上泼水，拼命地想扑灭他身上的火焰。
英语读物小妇人第六章重点单词1. Serene: This word is used to describe the peaceful and calm atmosphere of Mr. Laurence's house. It represents Beth's feeling of comfort and contentment in such a setting.2. Gentleness: This word characterizes Beth's nature. She is gentle in her interactions with others, such as taking care of the family cat and showing kindness to Mr. Laurence.3. Cautious: Beth is described as cautious when she visits Mr. Laurence's house. She is careful not to disturb anything and is respectful of the artwork and music present.4. Solace: Beth finds solace in Mr. Laurence's home, which offers her a sense of relief and comfort from her worries. The peaceful environment provides her with a sanctuary.5. Charitable: Beth's actions are often described as charitable. She takescare of the family cat and helps Mr. Laurence with small tasks, showing her kind-heartedness and willingness to help others.6. Shy: Beth's shyness is mentioned throughout the chapter. She is quiet and reserved, but her gentle nature allows her to form strong connections with others, such as Laurie and Mr. Laurence.7. Contentment: Beth is content with the simple pleasures of life, such as spending time with the family cat and enjoying the beautiful artwork in Mr. Laurence's house. She finds happiness in these small moments.8. Friendliness: Beth's friendly nature is evident in her interactions with Mr. Laurence and Laurie. She forms a close bond with them based on mutual respect and kindness.9. Respect: Beth shows great respect for Mr. Laurence and his home. She admires his artwork and music, and she handles his belongings with care.10. Generosity: Mr. Laurence's generosity is displayed when he offers to payfor Beth and her sisters' music lessons. He also gives them a beautiful piano, showing his kindness and support.11. Kindness: Beth's kindness is repeatedly mentioned in the chapter. She is always willing to help others and show compassion, whether it's towards her family, the cat, or Mr. Laurence.12. Talent: Beth's talent for music is a recurring theme in the chapter. Sheis described as a skilled pianist, and her music brings joy to those around her, including Mr. Laurence.13. Nurturing: Beth's nurturing instincts are evident as she takes care of the family cat and helps Mr. Laurence with his daily tasks. She has a naturalability to care for others.14. Dependability: Beth is known for her dependability. She is reliable andcan be counted on to fulfill her responsibilities, whether it's helping her sisters or caring for Mr. Laurence's belongings.15. Ambition: Beth's ambition is shown through her desire to improve her musical skills. She practices diligently and dreams of becoming a renowned musician.16. Emotional intelligence: Beth is described as having emotional intelligence. She is in tune with her own emotions and those of others, which allows her to form deep connections with the people around her.17. Modesty: Beth's modesty is mentioned when she receives compliments on her music. She is humble and doesn't boast about her talents, preferring to lether actions speak for themselves.18. Perseverance: Beth's perseverance is demonstrated through her dedicationto music. She faces challenges and setbacks but continues to practice and improve her skills.19. Refinement: The environment of Mr. Laurence's house is one of refinement, with its elegant furnishings and collection of fine art, reflecting a sophisticated taste.20. Patience: Beth's interaction with Mr. Laurence's elderly cat demonstrates her patience, as she gently pets it and waits for it to warm up to her.21. Admiration: Beth holds Mr. Laurence in high regard, admiring not only his wealth but also his kindness and the wisdom he shares with her and her sisters.22. Encouragement: Mr. Laurence provides encouragement to Beth by praising her musical abilities and supporting her dreams of becoming a musician.23. Dignity: In her interactions with Mr. Laurence, Beth maintains a sense of dignity, never allowing her gratitude to override her self-respect.24. Endurance: Beth's endurance is tested as she practices her music, oftenfor long hours, demonstrating her commitment to honing her craft.25.Spontaneity: Despite her shyness, Beth can be spontaneous in her musical expression, playing pieces that resonate with her emotions at a moment's notice.26. Devotion: Beth's devotion to her music is unwavering, as she consistently dedicates herself to her practice, seeking to perfect her technique.27. Clemency: Mr. Laurence's Clemency towards Beth and her sisters, allowing them into his home and supporting their artistic endeavors, is a kind gesture.28. Autonomy: Beth exhibits autonomy in her creative pursuits, choosing her own repertoire to study and playing music that speaks to her personally.29. Empathy: Beth's empathy is on display when shesensitizes to Mr. Laurence's loneliness and companionless state, finding ways to companion him in his isolation.30. Resilience: Beth's resilience is evident in her ability to bounce back from rejections or setbacks in her musical pursuits, using them as motivation to strive further.31. Graceful: Beth's graceful demeanor is evident in the way she moves and interacts with her surroundings, embodying elegance and poise.32. Gratitude: Beth feels immense gratitude towards Mr. Laurence for his kindness and support, often expressing her thanks and appreciation for his gestures.33. Humility: Despite her musical talent, Beth remains humble and never boasts about her abilities, instead choosing to let her music speak for itself.34.Inspiring: Beth's passion for music and her dedication to improving her skills serve as an inspiration to those around her, including her sisters and Mr. Laurence.35. Introspection: Beth often engages in introspection, reflecting on her own emotions and experiences, which allows her to grow and develop as a person. 36. Optimism: Beth maintains an optimistic outlook on life, finding joy in the small moments and remaining hopeful for the future.37. Open-mindedness: Beth approaches new experiences and ideas with an open mind, always willing to learn and embrace new opportunities.38. Purity: Beth's pure and innocent nature is reflected in her love for music and her genuine care for others, free from any ulterior motives.39. Sensitivity: Beth's sensitivity towards others' feelings and emotions allows her to connect with them on a deeper level, fostering meaningful relationships.40. Tactfulness: Beth's interactions are marked by tactfulness, as she navigates social situations with diplomacy and consideration for others' feelings.41. Tenacity: Beth's tenacity is evident in her determination to overcome challenges and obstacles in her musical pursuits, never giving up easily.42. Unwavering: Beth's commitment to her music and her values remains unwavering, guiding her actions and decisions in life.43. Virtuous: Beth's virtuous nature is evident in her kindness, generosity, and compassion towards others, embodying noble qualities.44. Wisdom: Beth's wisdom is evident in her understanding of the world and her ability to offer insightful advice and support to those around her.45. Xanadu: Mr. Laurence's home can be likened to a Xanadu, a place of idyllic beauty and tranquility that fosters creativity and inspiration.46. Yielding: Beth's yielding nature allows her to adapt to different situations and compromise when necessary, demonstrating her flexibility.47. Zeal: Beth's zeal for music is evident in her enthusiastic approach to practicing and performing, driven by her passion and love for the art form.。
General Vocabulary Chapter 1 Sets of Numbersset M nfinite set 有湿集 infinite set 无溟美 subset 于集 single-element set 单元素集合 union S6t 芥輿 intersection set 交集 complement set 补集 empty set 空集 belong to 属于 not belong to 不 属于 contain 包,含 Lie in 包含亍 true table 真偵表 original proposition 原命题 inverse proposition 逆会题 inverse and negative proposition 题 」‘、statement 浴句 sufficient condition 充分条件 necessary condition 必要条件 sufficient and necessary condition 条件 if and only if 当且仅当 operation 运算 correspondence 对应 • one-to-one correspondence 1-1 对应 converse operation 逆运算 add (addition)加multiply (multiplication)乘 subtract (difference)减 divide (division)除'number 数 natural number/ counting number 数 rational number 有理数 irrational number 无理数 real number 实数 complex number 复数 integer 整数逆否命 充要 自然positive integer 正整数 negative integer 员整数 whole number / nonnegative integer 员整数 traction 分数proper fraction 真分数 improper fraction 假分数 mixed fraction 带分数 compound fraction 繁分数 simple fraction 简分数 numerator 分子denominator 分母 reciprocal 倒数 consecutive integer 连续整数 decimal number system 十进制数系 decimal point 小数点 prime number 素数，质数 composite number 合数 random number 随机数 recurring decimal 循环小数 non-repeating decimal/irrecurringdecimal 不循环小数 infinite recurring decimal 无限循环小数 infinite irrecurring decimal 无限不循环 小数 terminating decimal 有限小数 approximation 近似值number line 数轴 real number line 实数轴 unit length 单位长度 highest common factor最大公纟勺数 least common multiple. 最小公倍数 commutative law 交換律 associative law 结合律 distributive law 分配律 binary operation 二元运算 reflexive property 自 反性 symmetric property对称性 transitive property 传递性 c substitutionprop^rty 育代性Chapter 2 Expression---------------- 1base （对数、幕运算的）底数 Linear Function —次函数 expanded form 扩展式 quadratic function 二次函数 condensed form 紧缩式 cubic function 三次函数index 指数vertical asymptote 竖萱渐近线 zero index 琴指数 horizontal asymptote 水平渐近线 negative index 负指数 slant asymptote 倾斜渐近统rational index 有理数指数 exponential increasing 指数型増蛇 fractional index 分数指数 bound 边界 parentheses 小括号() orbit 轨迹brace 大括号{ } dash line 虚线 bracket 中括号[] solid line 实线anti-logarithm 真数parameter equation 参数方程 common logarithm 常用对数 jc-intercept x 截距 natural logarithm 自然对数 y-intercept y 截强 laws of logarithm 对数运算律parallel line 平行线 change of base formula 对数换底公式 perpendicular 垂亶的 surd expression 根式表达式 nth root n 次方根 ， scientific form 科学记数法radical 根式three significant figures 三位有效数字 radical exponent 根指数 polynomial function 多项式函数 radicand 被开方数descending order 递减顺序 common factor 公因式 ascending order 递増顺序 cancel 消去，相消 leading coefficient 首项系数 inequality 不等式 synthetic division 综合除法 interval 区间quotient 商continuous 连续的dividend 被除数 discontinuous 不连续的 remainder 余数 y-axis y 轴 divisor 除数 x-axis x 轴consequence 结论 oblique 斜的 corollary 推论 subscript 下标function 函数Chapter 3 Equation and Inequalitystandard deviation 标准差 standard form 标准形式 solution set 解集Imear programming 线性规划 feasible region 可行区域 constraint condition 约束条件domain 定义域 range 值域 nonnegative number 非负数 constant 常数 composite function 复合函数 dependent variable 因变量independent variable 自变量objective function 目标函故argument自变量optimal solution 最优發distinguish 区别maximum 极大值relation 关糸minimum 极小值mapping 茨射inequality with absolute value 含绝对值function 函数的不等式.element 元素one variable quadratic inequality _兀一symmetric 对称次不等式even number 溪数image 像odd number 奇数inverse image 原像reflection 反射one-one mapping, one-to-one mapping dilation 伸缩--- 映射stretching 伟长two-point form 两点式slir inking 压缩slope-intercept form 斜載式cross multiply 交叉相美point-slope form 点斜式cubic centimeter 立方厘米intercept form 截距式shift left 4 units 向左移4个单位system of inequalities 不等式组symbol 记号origin 原点Chapter 4 Functionabsolute value 縫双值scalar quantity 数量absolute value function 绝对值函数vector quantity 向量reciprocal function 倒数函数bounded 有界的opposite number 相反数unbounded 无界的.. piecewise function 分段函数convex polygon 凸多边形step function 阶跃函数concave polygon 凹多边形greatest integer function 取整函数open half-plane开的半平面open interval 开区间closed half-plane封闭的半平面closed interval 闭区间basic function 基本函数half-open interval半开半闭区间squaring function 平方函数unit circle 单位圆cubing function 立方函数objective function 目标函数square root function 平方根函数optimization 最优化.constant function 常值函数multiple-solution 多解.increasing function 增函数mathematical model 数学模型decreasing function 减函数solve graphically 图解法cryptography 密码术linear system线性系统，线性方程组decipher 解密码parity奇偶性even root偶次方根even function 偶函数radicand被开方数odd function 奇函数ordered pairs有序数对solid line 实线. .inverse function 反函数dashed line 虚线comp osite function 复合函数dotted line 点线vector 向量reverse operation 运算Chapter 5 Graph of Functionslope斜率gradient 斜率angle of inclination 傾斜角quadratic equation 二次方程horizontal distance 水平距离vertical distance 垂直距离point-slope form 点斜式slope-intercept form 斜截式hvo-point form 两点式general form —般式endpoint 現点axis of symmetry 对称軸midpoint formula 中点公式transformation 转移，变换translation 平移upper bound 上界lower bound ' 界symmetric with respect to the y-axis 宇y轴对称reflection 反射intersection 相交congruent triangle 全等三角形similar triangle 相似三角形capacity 容积surface area 表面积perimeter 周长accuracy 精度bar chart*条形图flow chart流程图graphical methods 图解法ordered pair number 有序数对rate of change 受化率vertex顶点downward 向下upward 向上real solution 实数解关imaginary solution 虚数解Chapter 6 Trigonometryangle of depression 俯角angle of elevation 仰角solving triangle 解三角形law of sine 正弦定理law of cosine余弦定理obtuse triangle钝角三角形right triangle 直角三角形acute triangle 锐角三角形oblique triangle 斜三角形Pythagorean theorem 勾股定理hypdtenuse 斜边adjacent 邻边opposite 对边counterexample 反例reduce to lowest terms 化成既约形式sine 正弦cosecant 余割~ cosine 余弦seceint 正割tangent 正切cotangent 余切reference triangle 辅助三角形quadrantal angle 象限角terminal side 终边initial side 始边area S3 积circumference 周长the (first, second, third, fourth) quadranttrigonomtJtrkal ratios 三甬比第一，二，三，四象限Ml 尽trigonometric identity 三角恒等式protractor 量用器region区域amplitude 振险Heron,s formula 海伦公式phase shift周期变换included angle 夹角scale factor比例因于included side 夹边counterclockwise 逆时针opposite the angle 对甫clockwise顺时针correlation 相关性frequency 频率major arc 优抓completing square 配平万minor arc 劣弧periodic function 周期函数sector 扇形vertical shift 竖直平移Chapter 7 Geometryplane 平蘆congruent triangle 全等三角形line线 > 行similar triangle 相似三角形segment 线段skew lines异面直线ray射线hypotenuse 斜边point 点legs of right triangle 直角边midpoint 中点base 底边angle 角base angle 底角right angle 直角parallelogram 平行四边形acute angle 锐角rhombus 菱形obtuse angle 钝角trapezoid 梯形adjacent angle 邻角ratio比，比率complementary angle 余角angle of depression 俯角supplementary angle 补角angle of elevation 仰角congruent angle 等角circle 圆hypothesis 假设semicircle 半圆conclusion 结论diameter 直径theorem 定理radius半径corollary 推论chord 弦converse theorem 逆定理arc 弧.contra-positive theorem 逆否定理.minor arc 劣弧parallel line 平行线major arc 优弧corresponding angles 同位角inscribed angle 圆周角alternate interior angles 内错角secant 割线same-side interior angles 同旁内角tangent 切线interior angle 内角arc length 弧长exterior angle 外角circumference of a circle 圆周长polygon多边形sector of circle 扇形concave polygon 凹多边形segment of a circle 弓形regular polygon 正多边形SBafiftedby CamScannertriangle 二魚形central angle 中心角equiangular triangle 等角三角形auxiliary line 辅助线equilateral triangle 等边三角形diagonal line 对角线regular triangle正三角形（=等边三角形）centroid重心isosceles triangle 等腰三角形scalene triangle不规则三角形，不等边二角形一quadrilateral 四边形rectangle 矩形square 正方形pentagon 五泣形hexagon 六边形heptagon 七边形octagon 八边形nonagon 九边形decagon 十边形undecagon '-[—边形dodecagon 十二边形median 中线included angle 夹角included side 夹边adjacent side 邻边opposite side 对边opposite angle 对角interior angle 内角exterior angle 外角Chapter 8 Analytical Geometryparabola抛物线hyperbola双曲线rectangular hyperbola 等轴双曲线ellipse 椭圆transverse axis 实轴imaginary axis 虚轴polarcoordinate 极坐标polar axis 极轴polar angle 极角polar distance 极径polar equation极坐标方程parameter equation 参数方程complex number 复数perpendicular bisector 中垂线，垂直平分线circumcenter 夕卜心circumscribed circle 外接圆angle bisector 角平分线incenter 内心incircle 内接圆altitude 高orthocenter 垂心cone圆锥cylinder 圆柱Vface 面edge 校lateral face 侧面lateral area 侧面积surface area 表面积base area 底面积pyramid 棱锥prism棱柱right circular cylinder 直圆柱right circular cone 直圆锥coordinate system 坐标系origin 原点jt-axis x轴y-axis y轴ordered pair 有序对quadrant 象限vertical line 垂直线horizontal line 水平线conic sections 圆锥曲线directrix 准线eccentricity 离心率focus 焦点vertex 顶点quadratic equation 二次方程Chapter 9 Sequence and Seriesarithme tic means 算术中项arithmetic sequence 等差数列arithmetic series 等差级数binomial coefficient 二项式系数binoniial theorem 二项式定理common difference 公差common ratio 公比converge，收敛diverge 发散explicit formula 显式公式factorial notation 阶乘记号finite sequence 有限数列geometric means 等比中项the formula of general term 通项公式sequence 数列series 级数geometric sequence 等比数列geometric series 等比级数infinite sequence 无穷数列limit of a sequence 数列极限mathematical induction 数学归纳法nth term 第n项通项partial sum 部分和Pascal's triangle伯斯卡三角形power series 幕级数recursive formula 递推公式sum of an infinite series 无穷级数和terms of a sequence 数列的项major axis 长轴minor axis 短轴focal length 焦瑁fractal geometry 分形几何polar form复数极坐标形式rectangular form复数代数形式pole极点argument 幅角。
Unit 6Vocabulary in Action (For Reference Only--Ning)Task 11. Slavery was abolished in the United States in the 19th century.在19世纪，美国废除了奴隶制。
A. appreciated欣赏,感激B. replaced取代C. endedD. interrupted中断2. I’ll never be unfaithful again. I give you my solemn(庄严的,郑重的) word.我不会再背叛(出轨)了，我向你发誓。
A. seriousB. trueC. revengeful报复性的D. responsive响应的3. Do they observe(观察,庆祝) Christmas Day in that country?那个国家的人过圣诞节吗？A. followB. noticeC. celebrateD. commemorate纪念4. Nothing will stop them in their quest for truth.没有什么可以阻止他们对真理的探索。
A. searchB. requestC. exploration探测,探讨D. protection5. Management has given a pledge(保证,许诺,誓言) that there will be no job losses this year.管理层承诺今年将不会裁员。
A. warmingB. predictionC. retrospective回顾的;可追溯的D. promise6. These monuments are a vital part of the cultural heritage of South America.这些纪念碑是美国南部文化遗产的重要组成部分。
Unit 1 Two Words to Avoid, Two to Remember1. insight: the capacity to gain an accurate and deep instinctive understanding of a situation 洞察力2. checkered tablecloth: tablecloth that has a pattern consisting of alternating squares of different colors. The British spelling of checkered is chequered.3. chew the cud (slang): think reflectively4. gnome: (in legends) a little old man who lives underground and guards the earth’s treasures 土地神; a small ugly person 侏儒5. melancholy: (adj.) sad, gloomy, depressed6. berate: scold or criticize angrily7. a perverse streak: an obstinate quality8. ruefully: regretfully9. drag: (slang) a boring thing; nuisance10. immortality: never-ending life or endless fameUnit 2 The Fine Art of Putting Things Off1. cool one’s heels: be forced to wait; be kept waiting2. attest to: testify to; serve as an evidence to affirm/ to be proof of 证实, 证明3. apocalyptic: foreboding imminent disaster or final doom 预示灾难/最后毁灭的4. proconsul: an administrator in a colony usually with wide powers地方总督5. ruminate: go over in the mind repeatedly and often slowly 反刍, 沉思6. nattering: chattering; hence, noisy7. echelon: rank, level 等级，阶层8. fortify: encourage; support 鼓励9. reappraisal: re-evaluation10. academe: the academic community; academics 学术界11. shrink: (slang) psychoanalyst or psychiatrist心理分析学者/神经科医生12. subliminal: existing or functioning outside the area of conscious awareness潜意识的13. truism: an undoubted or self-evident truth 不言而喻的道理14. mellow and marinate: to mellow is to become ripe or fully developed, and the marinate is to steep (浸, 泡) (meat, fish) in a savory sauce to enrich its flavor; here, ripen and mature 成熟及完善Unit 3 Walls and Barriers1. tangible: substantially real; material 确实的；有形的2. custom: business patronage; the fact of a person or people buying goods or services at a shop/store or business (顾客对商店的)惠顾，光顾.3. impregnable: unassailable, unattackable; sturdy无法攻取的；不能征服的4. credit: trust in a person’s ability and intention to pay at a later time for goods, etc. supplied 信用5. dash: vigor in style and action; here means enthusiasm 精力, 干劲6: flair: ingenuity and vitality才能, 本领7. invulnerability: freedom from harm or attack不会受伤害8. composition: arrangement into proper proportion or relation and especially into artistic form布局9. illusory: deceptive幻影的, 错觉的, 虚假的10. preclude: make impossible 预防; 排除1. exuberant: wild and excessive 狂野的；极度的2. withal: together with this; besides 此外；而且3. bland and genial: adj. composed and gracious 沉着亲切的4. hitch: difficulty 妨碍；困难5. assert oneself: act in such a way as to show one’s power or authori ty6. poetic justice: an outcome in which vice is punished and virtue rewarded 理想的赏罚7. emanate: come out from 发出，散发8. wend one’s way: travel over a distance, esp. slowly9. air: tune, melody10. hilarious: joyous, jubilant 欢闹的1. imperious: domineering, overbearing, arrogant 专横的2. the apple of one’s eye: one that is dear; one’s favorite person3. premises: a tract of land with the buildings thereon房屋(及其附属基地、建筑等)4. throng (v.): fill by crowding into5. moiety: half 一半6. parapet: a low wall or railing to protect the edge of a platform, etc. (阳台、桥等的)栏杆；女儿墙；胸墙7. devious: tricky, not straightforward 狡猾的；迂回的；曲折的8. reverie: daydreamUnit 6 Dull Work1. assumption: sth. taken for granted; supposition 想当然2. crave for: long for; desire eagerly 渴望3. humdrum: lacking variety; dull 单调的4. immerse: involve deeply; absorb （使）沉浸, 使陷入5. transmute: change; transform 改变6. physiological pressures: irritation; annoyance; affliction 生理压力7. vexation: illness; discomforts 恼怒8. seminal: having possibilities of future development; highly original and influencing the development of future events 影响深远的9. inordinate: excessive 过度的；过分的10. compatible with: able to exist together 和谐的；兼容的11. thrive on: enjoy and do well as a result of 以…为乐；因…而有成12. stave off: keep off; prevent in time 延缓；暂时挡住，避开1. lamely: weakly, unsatisfactorily （听起来）信心不足的；不具说服力的2. paradoxical: seemingly self-contradictory; incongruous; puzzling3. seductive: attractive; charming4. pedagogical: teaching 教学法的5. wary: heedful; careful6. on the defensive: prepared for disapproval or attack7. demeaning overtones: implications of humiliation8. vestiges: traces that have once existed but exist no more 遗迹9. to the detriment of: to the harm of10. throes: a condition of agonizing struggle or effort; upheaval 处于极为痛苦的斗争或苦恼中；挣扎11. narcissism: excessive admiration of oneself 自我陶醉, 自恋12. obligation: duty; social requirement that compels one to follow a certain course of action13. fretful: irritable; complaining14. pass muster: be accepted as satisfactory 及格, 符合要求15. depreciation: a disparaging or a belittling act or instance 轻视，蔑视16. censure: (v. or n.) an expression of blame or disapproval 谴责17. preen: adorn or trim (oneself) carefully刻意打扮并自我欣赏18. interminable: endless1. multitudinous: (fml.) very numerous, existing in great numbers 大量的, 多种多样的2. lust: overwhelming desire or craving强烈欲望, 渴望3. orgy: excessive indulgence in any activity; wild festivity纵欲；放纵4. pitch: point, level, degree 程度；强度5. texture: quality; structure of a substance 质地；结构6. deliberate fasting: eating little or no food on purpose7. bludgeon: (written) force sb. into (doing sth.); beat 胁迫；棒击8. blow-out: (slang) a large, usu. lavish, meal 大餐；盛宴9. indulgence: great satisfaction; gratification of desires 享受；纵容10. homage: honor or respect; reverence paid 敬意11. gorge: stuff/fill oneself completely with food 狼吞虎咽12. impotence: powerlessness; ineffectualness 无力, 无效Unit 9 A Red Light for Scofflaws1. take liberties with: misinterpret; distort; violate2. blithely: heedlessly; without thought or regard3. dereliction: deliberate neglect; negligence 玩忽职守：故意忽视（职责或原则)4. exempt from: not subject to an obligation5. flurry: profusion; abundance; great quantity6. ordinance: authoritative law; command 法令；条例7. flagrant: shameless; notorious 恶名昭著的8. festering scandal: tormenting disgrace9. statutes: laws10. public nuisance: something offensive or annoying to the community, especially in violation of others' legal rights11. flouting: treating with contemptuous disregard12. dent: a depression in a surface, as from a blow; hence, damage凹痕；伤害13. brazen: shameless; impudent厚颜无耻的14. slug: (v.) (infml.) hit hard, especially with the fist 用力猛击15. skirt: avoid; keep distant from; go around the edge of 绕开；回避16. mandate: command from a superior official to an inferior one; authoritative command17. constituent: voters选民18. subvert: undermine the principle of 颠覆19. enact: institute; levy制定法律, 颁布20. puny: small and weak; insignificant弱小的；孱弱的；微不足道的21. nullify: declare legally void 使失去法律效力22. desegregation rulings: official (court) decisions on desegregation23. disquieting: upsetting24. terminally: fatally新编英语教程6（词汇Unit1-10）ants05Unit 10 Straight-A Illiteracy1. plight: condition, state, or situation; esp. an unfavorable one2. as often as not: at least half the time; frequently3. articulate: using language easily and fluently; having facility with words4. a coveted fellowship: a fellowship (i.e., the money given to postgraduate students to allow them to continue their studies at an advanced level) that everyone longs jealously to possess5. allegorically: figuratively6. gibberish: talk or writing containing many obscure, pretentious, or technical words; meaningless or unintelligible talk or writing7. providentially: fortunately; luckily8. inexorably: inescapably9. profundity: profound or deep matters10. grapple with: try to deal with11。
Words and Expressions -- Unit 61.【fold away】fold into a smaller, neater shape for easy storagee.g. These camping chairs can be folded away and put in the trunk.The piece of paper was folded away carefully and tucked into her purse.foldaway (i.e., collapsible) bed/iron board2.【regulation】a.in accordance with the regulations; of the correct or designated typee.g.As we walked along the street, we could see the noisy cheerful group of people in regulation black paradetunics.He had the short regulation haircut of a policeman.3.【in one’s mind’s eye】in one’s imagination or memorye.g.In my mind’s eye, she is still the little girl she was the last time I saw her.在我心目中，她仍然是上次那个我见到过的小女孩。
Translation:在他脑海里，他可以看到河边有一座美丽的房子。
他决定造这样一座房子。
In his mind’s eye, he could see a beautiful house beside the river. He decided to build such a house.4.【prompt】v. cause or bring about an action or feelingDerivation: prompt n.→ prompt a.→promptly ad.e.g.The Times article prompted him to call a meeting of the staff.My choice was prompted by a number of considerations.5.【refuel】v.(1) supply a vehicle with more fuele.g.The authorities agreed to refuel the plane.(2) take on a fresh supply of knowledge, information, etc.e.g.In a society of intense competition, people have to refuel every year .6.【twinge】n.(1) If you feel a twinge of an unpleasant emotion, you suddenly feel it.e.g.John felt a twinge of fear when he saw the officer approaching.(2) A twinge is a sudden, sharp pain.e.g.I feel a twinge in my back now and again.7.【mix up】confuse; bring sth. into disordere.g.They’re two entirely different matters; don’ mix them up.Translation:我记日期的能力很差，常把事情的先后次序弄混。
