unit 4 the professor and the Yo-yo

第一单元The Dinner PartyMona Gardner I first heard this tale in India, where it is told as if true —though any naturalist would know it couldn,t be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been able to track down. The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests — officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist — in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda.A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven,t.“A woman,s reaction in any crisis,” the major says, “is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts.”The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. Theboy,s eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room.Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors.The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing - bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters - the likeliest place - but they are bare. Three corners of the room are empty, and in the fourth the servants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left - under the table.His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone.“I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred - that,s five minutes - and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready!”The 20 people sit l ike stone images while he counts. He is saying “... two hundred and eighty…" when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut.“You were right, Major!” the host exclaims. “A man has just shown us an example of perfect self-control.”“Just a minute,” the American says, turning to his hostess. “Mrs. Wynnes, how did you know that cobra was in the room?”A faint smile lights up the woman,s face as she r eplies: “Because it was crawling across my foot.”第二单元Lessons from JeffersonBruce Bliven 1Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence.2Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote:3Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations.4You can learn from everyone . By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble personsever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, “You must go into the people,s homes as I have done, look into their cooking pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France.”5Judge for yourself Jefferson refused to accept other people,s opinions withou t careful thought. “Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.”6Jefferson felt that the people “may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.” 7 Do what you believe is right . In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend, “There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.”8Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present shouldnever be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. “No society,” he said, “can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation.” He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future.” How much pain,” he remarked, “has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.”9Jefferson,s courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform.10Of all Jefferson,s many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ...”11When Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of American independence, he left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas andexamples. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson, who believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free.第三单元My First JobRobert BestWhile I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim. However, three days later a letter arrived, asking me to go to Croydon for an interview. It proved an awkward journey: a train to Croydon station; a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at least a quarter of a mile. As a result I arrived on a hot June morning too depressed to feel nervous.The school was a red brick house with big windows. The front garden was a gravel square; four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner, where they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road.It was clearly the headmaster himself that opened the door. He was short and fat. He had a sandy-coloured moustache, a wrinkled forehead and hardly any hair.He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone. ‘Ah yes,, he grunted. ‘You,d better come inside., The narrow, sunless hall smelled unpleasantly of stale cabbage; the walls were dirty with ink marks; it was all silent. His study, judging by the crumbs on the carpet, was also his dining-room. ‘You,d better sit down,, he said, and proceeded to ask me a number of questions: what subjects I had taken in my General School Certificate; how old I was; what games I played; then fixing me suddenly with his bloodshot eyes, he asked me whether I thought games were a vital part of a boy's education. I mumbled something about not attaching too much importance to them. He grunted. I had said the wrong thing. The headmaster and I obviously had very little in common.The school, he said, consisted of one class of twenty-four boys, ranging in age from seven to thirteen. I should have to teach all subjects except art, which he taught himself. Football and cricket were played in the Park, a mile away on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons.The teaching set-up filled me with fear. I should have to divide the class into three groups and teach them in turn at three different levels; and I was dismayed at the thought of teaching algebra and geometry - two subjects at which I had been completely incompetent at school. Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.I said shyly, ‘What would my salary be?’ ‘Twelve pounds a week plus lunch., Before I could protest, he go t to his feet. ‘Now’, he said, ‘you'd better meet my wife. She's the one who really runs this school., This was the last straw. I was very young: the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.第四单元The Professor and the Yo-YoThomas Lee Bucky with Joseph P.Blank My father was a close friend of Albert Einstein. As a shy young visitor to Einstein,s home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said, “I have something to show you.” He went to his desk and returned with a Yo-Yo. He tried to show me how it worked but he couldn,t make it roll back up the string. When my turn came, I displayed my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance. Einstein nodded, properly impressed by my skill and knowledge. Later, I bought a new Yo-Yo and mailed it to the Professor as a Christmas present, and received a poem of thanks.As a boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the natureof the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to go as far as he could.In the 23 years of our friendship, I never saw him show jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment, or personal ambition. He seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of the world,s most important people, his stationery carried only a watermark - W - for Woolworth,s.To do his work he needed only a pencil and a pad of paper. Material things meant nothing to him. I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use for it. He believed in simplicity, so much so that he used only a safety razor and water to shave. When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job.”“But Professor, why don,t you try the cream just once?” I argued. “It makes shaving smoother and less painful.”He shrugged. Finally, I presented him with a tube of shaving cream. The next morning when he came down to breakfast, he was beaming with the pleasure of a new, great discovery. “You know, that cream really works, he announced. “It doesn,t pull the beard. It feels wonderful.” Thereafter, he used the shaving cream every morning until the tube was empty. Then he reverted to using plain water.Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. He didn,t have theslightest interest in the practical application of his ideas and theories. HisE=mc2 is probably the most famous equation in history — yet Einstein wouldn,t walk down the street to see a reactor create atomic energy. He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory, a series of equations that he considered relatively minor in importance, but he didn,t have any curiosity in observing how his theory made TV possible.My brother once gave the Professor a toy, a bird that balanced on the edge of a bowl of water and repeatedly dunked its head in the water. Einstein watched it in delight, trying to deduce the operating principle. But he couldn,t.The next morning he announced, “I had thought about that bird for a long time before I went to bed and it must work this way ...” He began a long explanation. Then he stopped, realizing a flaw in his reasoning. “No, I guess that,s not it,” he said. He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. His quick expression of disapproval told me he did not agree with this practical approach. He never did work out the solution.Another puzzle that Einstein could never understand was his own fame. He had developed theories that were profound and capable of exciting relatively few scientists. Yet his name was a household word across the civilized world. “I’ve had good ideas, and so have other men,” he once said. “But it,s been my good fortune that my ideas have been accepted.” He wasbewildered by his fame: people wanted to meet him; strangers stared at him on the street; scientists, statesmen, students, and housewives wrote him letters. He never could understand why he received this attention, why he was singled out as something special.第五单元The Villain in the AtmosphereIsaac Asimov1The villain in the atmosphere is carbon dioxide.2It does not seem to be a villain. It is not very poisonous and it is present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity — only 0.034 percent — that it does us no harm.3What,s more, that small quantity of carbon dioxide in the air is essential to life. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and convert it into their own tissue, which serve as the basic food supply for all of animal life (including human beings, of course). In the process they liberate oxygen, which is also necessary for all animal life.4But here is what this apparently harmless and certainly essential gas is doing to us:5The sea level is rising very slowly from year to year. In all likelihood, it will continue to rise and do so at a greater rate in the course of the next hundred years. Where there are low-lying coastal areas (where a largefraction of the world,s population lives) the water will advance steadily, forcing people to retreat inland.6Eventually the sea will reach two hundred feet above its present level, and will be splashing against the windows along the twentieth floors of Manhattan,s skyscrapers. Florida will disappear beneath the waves, as will much of the British Isles, the crowded Nile valley, and the low-lying areas of China, India, and Russia.7Not only will many cities be drowned, but much of the most productive farming areas of the world will be lost. As the food supply drops, starvation will be widespread and the structure of society may collapse under the pressure.8And all because of carbon dioxide. But how does that come about? What is the connection?9It begins with sunlight, to which the various gases of the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide) are transparent. Sunlight, striking the top of the atmosphere, travels right through miles of it to warm the Earth,s surface. At night, the Earth cools by radiating heat into space in the form of infrared radiation.10However, the atmosphere is not quite as transparent to infrared radiation as it is to visible light. Carbon dioxide in particular tends to block such radiation. Less heat is lost at night, for that reason, than would be lost if carbon dioxide were not present in the atmosphere. Without the smallquantity of that gas present, the Earth would be distinctly cooler, perhaps uncomfortably cool.11We can be thankful that carbon dioxide is keeping us comfortably warm, but the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is going up steadily and that is where the villainy comes in.In 1958, carbon dioxide made up only 0.0316 percent of the atmosphere. Each year since, the concentration has crept upward and it now stands at 0.0340 percent. It is estimated that by 2020 the concentration will be nearly twice what it is now.12This means that in the coming decades, Earth,s average temperature will go up slightly. As a result, the polar ice caps will begin to melt.13Something like 90 percent of the ice in the world is to be found in the huge Antarctica ice cap, and another 8 percent is in the Greenland ice cap. If these ice caps begin to melt, the sea level will rise, with the result that I have already described.14But why is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere steadily rising?15To blame are two factors. First of all, in the last few centuries, first coal, then oil and natural gas, have been burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate. The carbon contained in these fuels, which has been safely buried underground for many millions of years, is now being burned to carbon dioxide and poured into the atmosphere at a rate of many tons per day.16To make matters worse, Earth,s forests have been disappearing, slowly at first, but in the last couple of centuries quite rapidly. Right now it is disappearing at the rate of sixty-four acres per minute.17Whatever replaces the forest - grassland or farms or scrub 一 produces plants that do not consume carbon dioxide at an equal rate. Thus, not only is more carbon dioxide being added to the atmosphere through burning of fuel, but as the forests disappear, less carbon dioxide is being removed from the atmosphere by plants.18But this gives us a new perspective on the matter. The carbon dioxide is not rising by itself. It is people who are burning the coal, oil, and gas. It is people who are cutting down the forests. It is people, then, who are the villains.19What is to be done?20First, we must save our forests, and even replant them.21Second, we must have new sources of fuel that do not involve the production of carbon dioxide. Nuclear power is one of them, but if that is thought too dangerous, there are other alternatives. There is the energy of waves, tides, wind, and the Earth,s interior heat. Most of all, there is the direct use of solar energy.22All of this will take time, work, and money, to be true, but nations spend more time, work, and money in order to support competing military machines that can only destroy us all. Should we object to spending lesstime, work, and money in order to save us all?第六单元The Making of a SurgeonDr. Nolen 1How does a doctor recognize the point in time when he is finally a “surgeon”? As my year as chief resident drew to a close I asked myself this question on more than one occasion.2The answer, I concluded, was self-confidence. When you can say to yourself, “There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently, treat just as well as or better than any other surgeon” ——then, and not until then, you are indeed a surgeon. I was nearing that point.3Take, for example, the emergency situations that we encountered almost every night. The first few months of the year I had dreaded the ringing of the telephone. I knew it meant another critical decision to be made. Often, after I had told Walt or Larry what to do in a particular situation, I,d have trouble getting back to sleep. I,d review all the facts of the case and, not infrequently, wonder if I hadn,t made a poor decision. More than once attwo or three in the morning, after lying awake for an hour, I,d get out of bed, dress and drive to the hospital to see the patient myself. It was the only way I could find the peace of mind I needed to relax.4Now, in the last month of my residency, sleeping was no longer a problem. There were still situations in which I couldn,t be certain my decision had been the right one, but I had learned to accept this as a constant problem for a surgeon, one that could never be completely resolved 一 and I could live with it So, once I had made a considered decision, I no longer dwelt on it. Reviewing it wasn,t going to help and I knew that with my knowledge and experience, any decision I,d made was bound to be a sound one. It was a nice feeling.5In the operating room I was equally confident. I knew I had the knowledge, the skill, the experience to handle any surgical situation I'd ever encounter in practice. There were no more butterflies in my stomach when I opened up an abdomen or a chest. I knew that even if the case was one in which it was impossible to anticipate the problem in advance, I could handle whatever I found. I,d sweated6Nor was I afraid of making mistakes. I knew that when I was out in practice I would inevitably err at one time or another and operate on someone who didn,t need surgery or sit on someone who did. Five years earlier 一 even one year earlier 一 I wouldn,t have been able to live with myself if I had had to take sole responsibility for a mistake in judgment. Now I could. I still dreaded errors 一 would do my best to avoid them 一 but I knew they were part of a surgeon's life. I could accept this fact with calmness because I knew that if I wasn,t able to avoid a mistake, chanceswere that no other surgeon could have, either.7This all sounds conceited and I guess it is - but a surgeon needs conceit. He needs it to encourage him in trying moments when he's bothered by the doubts and uncertainties that are part of the practice of medicine. He has to feel that he,s as good as and probably better than any other surgeon in the world. Call it conceit - call it self-confidence; whatever it was, I had it.。

Unit1 The Dinner Party 晚宴那个美国人没有参加这场争论，他只是注视着在座的其他客人。

在他这样观察时，他发现女主人的脸上显出一种奇异的表情。

她两眼盯着正前方，脸部肌肉在微微抽搐。

她向站在座椅后面的印度男仆做了个手势，对他耳语了几句。

男仆两眼睁得大大的，迅速地离开了餐室。

在座的客人中除了那位美国人以外谁也没注意到这一幕，也没有看到那个男仆把一碗牛奶放在紧靠门边的走廊上。

那个美国人突然醒悟过来。

在印度，碗中的牛奶只有一个意思——引蛇的诱饵。

他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇。

Unit2 Lessons from Jefferson 杰斐逊的遗训杰斐逊的勇气和理想主义是以知识为基础的。

他懂得的东西也许比同时代的任何人都要多。

在农业、考古学和医学方面他都是专家。

在人们普遍采用农作物轮作和土壤保持的做法之前一个世纪，他就这样做了。

他还发明了一种比当时任何一种都好的耕犁。

他影响了整个美国的建筑业，他还不断地制造出各种机械装置，使日常生活中需要做的许多工作变得更加容易。

在杰斐逊的众多才能中，有一种是最主要的：他首先是一位优秀的、不知疲倦的作家。

目前正在第一次出版的他的全集将超过五十卷。

他作为一个作家的才能很快便被发现了，所以，当1776年在费城要撰写《独立宣言》的时刻来到时，这一任务便落在了他肩上。

数以百万计的人们读到他写的下列词句都激动不已：“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的：一切人生来就是平等的……”Unit3 My First Job 我的第一份工作在我等着进大学期间，我在一份地方报纸上看到一则广告，说是在离我住处大约十英里的伦敦某郊区，有所学校要招聘一名教师。

我因为手头很拮据，同时也想做点有用的事，于是便提出了申请，但在提出申请的同时我也担心，自己一无学位，二无教学经验，得到这份工作的可能性是微乎其微的。

然而，三天之后，却来了一封信，叫我到克罗伊登去面试。

这一路去那儿原来还真麻烦：先乘火车到克罗伊顿车站，再乘十分钟的公共汽车，然后还要至少步行四分之一英里。

上外版大学英语写作上外版大学英语写作精选上外版大学英语写作精选第二册(4)UNIT 4TEXTTrying to make some money before entering university， the author applies for a teaching job. But the interview goes from bad to worseMy First JobWhile I was waiting to enter university， I saw advertised in alocal newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short money and wanting to do something useful， I applied， fearing as I did so， that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim.However， three days later a letter arrived， asking me to go to Croydon for an interview. It proved an awkward journey： a train to Croydon station； a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at least a quarter to feel nervous.The school was a red brick house with big windows， The front garden was a gravel square； four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner， where they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main from a busy main road.It was clearly the headmaster himself that opened the door. He was short and fat. He had a sandy-coloured moustache， a wrinkled forehead and hardly any hair.He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval， as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone. 'Ah yes，' he grunted. 'You'd better come inside.' The narrow， sunless hall smelled unpleasantly of stale cabbage； the walls were dirty with ink marks； it was all silent. His study， judging by the crumbs on the carpet， was also his dining-room. 'You'd better sit down，' he said， and proceededto ask me a number of questions： what subjects I had taken in my General School Certificate； how old I was； what games I played； then fixing me suddenly with his bloodshot eyes， he asked me whether I thought games were a vital part of a boy's education. I mumbled something about not attaching too much importance to them. He grunted. I had said the wrong thing. The headmaster and I obviously had very little in common.The school， he said， consisted of one class of twenty-four boys，ranging in age from seven to thirteen. I should have to teach all subjects except art， which he taught himself. Football and cricket were played in the Park， a mile away on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons.The teaching set-up filled me with fear. I should have to divide the class into three groups and teach them in turn at three different levels； and I was dismayed at the thought of teaching algebra and geometry-two subjects at which I had been completely incompetent at school. Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket； most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.I said shyly， 'What would my salary be？' 'Twelve pounds a week plus lunch.' Before I could protest， he got to his feet. 'Now'， he said， 'you'd better meet my wife. She's the one who really runs this school.'This was the last straw. I was very young： the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.PHRASES & EXPRESSIONSbe short ofnot having enough of 缺少smell ofhave， give out the smell of 有的气味judging byforming an opinion based onattach importance to consider important 重视in commonshared with someone else 共有的，共同的'consist ofbe made up ofin turnone after another 轮流上外版大学英语写作精选第二册(5)UNIT 5TEXTSeen through the eyes of a young friend Einstein was a simple，modest and ordinary man.The professor and the Yo-yoMy father was a close friend of Albert Einstein. As a shy young visitor to Einstein's home， I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said， "I have something to show you." He went to his desk and returned with a Yo-Yo. He tried to show me how it worked but he couldn't make it roll back up the string. When my turn came， I displayed my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance. Einstein nodded， properly impressed by my skill and knowledge. Later， I bought a new Yo-Yo and mailed it to the Professor as a Christmas present， and received a poem of thanks.As boy and then as an adult， I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this： to understand within his limits as a human being the nature of the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to go as far as he could.In the 23 years of our friendship， I never saw him show jealousy，vanity， bitterness， anger， resentment， or personal ambition. Heseemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of the world's most important people， his stationery carried only a watermark - W - for Woolworth's.To do his work he needed only a pencil only a pencil and a pad of paper. Material things meant nothing to him. I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use for it. He believed in simplicity，so much so that he used only a safety razor and water to shave. When I suggested that he try shaving cream， he said， "The razor and water do the job.""But Professor， why don't you try the cream just once？" I argued. "It makes shaving smoother and less painful."He shrugged. Finally， I presented him with a tube of shaving cream. The next morning when he came down to breakfast， he was beaming with the pleasure of a new， great discovery. "You know， that cream really works，" he announced. "It doesn't pull the beard. It feels wonderful." Thereafter， he used the shaving cream every morning until the tube was empty. Then he reverted to using plain water.Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. He didn't have the slightest interest in the practical application of his ideas and theories. His E=mc2 is probably the most famous equation in history - yet Einstein wouldn't walk down the street to see a reactor create atomic energy. He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory， a series of equations that he considered relatively minor in importance，but he didn't have any curiosity in observing how his theory made TV possible.My brother once gave the Professor a toy， a bird that balanced on the edge of a bowl of water and repeatedly dunked its head in the water. Einstein watched it in delight， trying to deduce the operating principle. But be couldn't.The next morning he announced， "I had thought about that bird for a long time before I went to bed and it must work this way" He began aling explanation. Then he stopped， realizing a flaw in his reasoning. "No， I guess that's not it，" he said. He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. His quick expression of disapproval told me he did not agree with this practical approach. He never did work out the solution.Another puzzle that Einstein could never understand was his own fame. He had developed theories that were profound and capable of exciting relatively few scientists. Yet his name was a household word across the civilized world. "I've had good ideas， and so have other men，" he once said. "But it's been my good fortune that my ideas have been accepted." He was bewildered by his fame： people wanted to meet him； strangers stared at him on the street； scientists， statesmen， students， and housewives wrote him letters. He never could understand why he received this attention， why he was singled out as something special.PHRASES & EXPRESSIONSat easefree from worry or nervousness； comfortableoff balancenot in balance； unsteady 失去平衡的come to terms withaccept （sth. one does not want to accept） and deal with it in the best way one can 与达成协议；与妥协as far asto the degree that 到程度mean nothing tobe of no importance tobelieve inhave confidence in the value ofso much so thatto such an extent thata series ofa number of （thing or events） of the same kind that follow each other 一系列，一连串take apartseparate （a small machine， clock， etc.） into pieces 拆开work outsolve， find the answer to 解决；算出；想出capable ofhaving the ability， power or inclination （to do）single outchoose from a group for special treatment 选出，挑出上外版大学英语写作精选第二册(3)UNIT 3TEXTJefferson died long ago， but may of his ideas still of great interest to us.Lessons from JeffersonThomas Jefferson， the third President of the United States， may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln， but most people remember at last one fact about him： he wrote the Declaration of Independence.Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago， there is muchthat we learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote：Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man， he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject， Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot-observations.You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet， in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order，Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners， servants， and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman， Lafayette， "You must go into the people's homes as I have done， look into their cooking pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this， you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France."Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people's opinions without careful thought. "Neither believe nor reject anything，" he wrote to his nephew， "because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaved has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it."Jefferson felt that the people "may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false， and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government， I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter."Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas， and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism， he never answered his critics. He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend， "There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and on it with effect， those who take the other side will of course resent your actions."Trust the future； trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. "No society，" he said， "can make a perpetual constitution， or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation." He did not fear new ideas， nor did he fear the future. "How much pain，" he remarked， "has been caused by evils which have never happened！ I expect the best， not the worst. I steer my ship with hope， leaving fear behind."Jefferson's courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert inagriculture， archeology， and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice， and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America， and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform.Of all Jefferson's many talents， one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works， now being published for the first time， will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered， and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776， the task ofwriting it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words： "We hold these truths to be self-evident， that all men are created equal"When Jefferson died on July 4， 1826， the 50th anniversary of American independence， he left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas and examples. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson，Who believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free.PHRASES & EXPRESSIONSgo out of one's way （to do sth.）take particular trouble； make a special effort 特地leavetoleave sb. in charge of 交托，委托act onact according to 按照行事leave behindabandon； fall to take or bring 丢弃；留下，忘带in existenceexisting 存在above allmost important of all 首先，尤其是上外版大学英语写作精选第二册(2)UNIT 2TEXTA heated discussion about whether men are braver than women issettled in a rather unexpected way.The Dinner PartyI first heard this tale in India， where is told as if true ——though any naturalist would know it couldn't be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story， and the person who wrote it， I have never been able to track down.The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests —— officers and their wives， and a visiting American naturalist —— in their spacious dining room， which has a bare marble floor， open rafters and wideglass doors opening onto a veranda.A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven't."A woman's reaction in any crisis，" the major says， "is to scream. And while a man may feel like it， he has that ounce more of controlthan a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts."The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks， he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead， her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy's eyes widen： he quickly leaves the room.Of the guests， none except the American notices this or sees theboy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors.The American comes to with a start. In India， milk in a bowl means only one thing —— bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters —— the likeliest place ——but they are bare. Three corners of the room are empty， and in the fourth the servants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left —— under the table.His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others， but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaksquickly， the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone."I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred —— that's five minutes —— and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready？"The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying "two hundred and eighty" when， out of the corner of his eye， he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut."You were right， Major！" the host exclaims. "A man has just shown us an example of perfect self-control.""Just a minute，" the American says， turning to his hostess. "Mrs. Wynnes， how did you know that cobra was in the room？"A faint smile lights up the woman's face as she replies： "Becauseit was crawling across my foot."commotion n. noisy confusion or excitement 混乱；骚动tone n. quality of voice or music 语气；音调commanding a. authoritative 威严的forfeit vt. suffer the loss of （sth.） as a punishment （作为惩罚而）失去rupee n. monetary unit of India， Pakistan， etc. 卢比image n. statue 雕像emerge vi. come or appear （from somewhere）emergence n.slam vt. shut loudly and with force 砰地关上host n. man who receives guests 男主人faint a. weak， indistinct 微弱的；不明显的crawl vi move slowly by pulling the body along the ground 爬行上外版大学英语写作精选第二册(1)UNTH 1TEXTIt is humorous essay. But after reading it you will surely find that the author is most serious in writing it.Ts There Life on Earth？There was great excitement on the planet of Venus this week. For the first time Venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the plant Earth， and is has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since.The satellite was directed into an area know as Manhattan （named after the great Venusian astronomer Prof. Manhattan， who first discovered it with his telescope 20，000 light years ago）。

Unit4TheProfessorandtheYo-YoUnit 4 The Professor and the Yo-Yo一、教学目的1、了解与课文相关的背景知识：Elbert Einstein, yo-yo, the Nobel Prize,Woolworth’s ;了解英文描写人物的记叙文书写方式。

2、理解文章的写作意图和深层教育意义。

3、掌握文章的语篇结构。

4、熟练掌握文章中涉及到的重点词汇、词组、语法和句型。

二、教学重点1、了解：1）与课文相关的文化背景知识，如“Elbert Einstein”, “The Nobel Prize”等。

2）英文描写人物的记叙文的写作方式：本记叙文作者为爱因斯坦一位密友之子。

作者采用第一人称的叙述手法，通过丰富的事例，对作为一个伟大科学家的爱因斯坦的日常生活进行了细致的描写。

说明了爱因斯坦在作为一个伟大的物理学家的同时，也是一个具有开朗、诚实、不追求物质享受等个性的朴实的平常人。

2、理解文章的主题思想。

The essay written by the son of a friend of Einstein shows us a unique Einstein, who is simple, honest, open and easy to get along with. He is so interested in pure theory that he tries to explain everything by theories and he doesn’t concern practi cal work. Though Einstein has made a great success and has a great fame, he remains a simple man and immune from ambition and vanity.3、掌握文章的语篇结构。

UNIT 4 The Professor and the Yo-yo Seen through the eyes of a young friend Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.My father was a close friend of Albert Einstein. As a shy young visitor to Einstein's home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said, "I have something to show you." He went to his desk and returned with a Yo-Yo. He tried to show me how it worked but he couldn't make it roll back up the string. When my turn came, I displayed my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance. Einstein nodded, properly impressed by my skill and knowledge. Later, I bought a new Yo-Yo and mailed it to the Professor as a Christmas present, and received a poem of thanks.As boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the nature of the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to go as far as he could.In the 23 years of our friendship, I never saw him show jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment, or personal ambition. He seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of the world's most important people, his stationery carried only a watermark - W - for Woolworth's.To do his work he needed only a pencil only a pencil and a pad of paper. Material things meant nothing to him. I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use for it. He believed in simplicity, so much so that he used only a safety razor and water to shave. When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, "The razor and water do the job.""But Professor, why don't you try the cream just once?" I argued. "It makes shaving smoother and less painful."He shrugged. Finally, I presented him with a tube of shaving cream. The next morning when he came down to breakfast, he was beaming with the pleasure of a new, great discovery. "You know, that cream really works," he announced. "It doesn't pull the beard. It feels wonderful." Thereafter, he used the shaving cream every morning until the tube was empty. Then he reverted to using plain water.Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. He didn't have the slightest interest inthe practical application of his ideas and theories. His E=mc2 is probably the most famous equation in history - yet Einstein wouldn't walk down the street to see a reactor create atomic energy. He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory, a series of equations that he considered relatively minor in importance, but he didn't have any curiosity in observing how his theory made TV possible.My brother once gave the Professor a toy, a bird that balanced on the edge of a bowl of water and repeatedly dunked its head in the water. Einstein watched it in delight, trying to deduce the operating principle. But be couldn't.The next morning he announced, "I had thought about that bird for a long time before I went to bed and it must work this way…" He began a ling explanation. Then he stopped, realizing a flaw in his reasoning. "No, I guess that's not it," he said. He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. His quick expression of disapproval told me he did not agree with this practical approach. He never did work out the solution.Another puzzle that Einstein could never understand was his own fame. He had developed theories that were profound and capable of exciting relatively few scientists. Yet his name was a household word across the civilized world. "I've had good ideas, and so have other men," he once said. "But it's been my good fortune that my ideas have been accepted." He was bewildered by his fame: people wanted to meet him; strangers stared at him on the street; scientists, statesmen, students, and housewives wrote him letters. He never could understand why he received this attention, why he was singled out as something special.在一个年轻的朋友的眼里，爱因斯坦是一个朴素、谦虚而普通的人。

Unit 4 The Professor and the Yo-Yo (Greeting)ReviewLeading-in◆Before Reading1. Was Einstein bright in his early childhood? Give examples.2. What is his greatest contribution to the mankind?3. What do you know about the life of Einstein?4. Do you think Einstein was responsible for the search work on the atomic bomb? Why?5. Describe the appearance of Einstein.Albert EinsteinGerman-born American Physicist and Nobel Laureate1879～1955“Imagination is more important than knowledge. ”—Albert Einstein • A Brief Introduction to Albert EinsteinIn 1905 Einstein received his doctorate from the University of Zurich for a theoretical dissertation on the dimensions of molecules, and he also published three theoretical papers of central importance to the development of 20th-century physics.On the basis of the General Theory of Relativity, Einstein accounted for the previously unexplained variations in the orbital motion of the planets and predicted the bending ofstarlight in the vicinity of a massive body such as the sun. The confirmation of this latter phenomenon during an eclipse of the sun in 1919 became a media event, and Einstein’s fame spread worldwide.2. Einstein explains the equivalence of energy and matter“It followed from the Special Theory of Relativity that mass and energy are both but different manifestations of the same thing — a somewhat unfamiliar conception for the average mind. Furthermore, the equation E is equal to mc squared, in which energy is put equal to mass, multiplied by the square of the velocity of light, showed that very small amounts of mass may be converted into a very large amount of energy and vice versa. The mass and energy were in fact equivalent, according to the formula mentioned before. This was demonstrated by Cockcroft and Walton in 1932, experimentally.”When Hitler came to power, Einstein immediately decided to leave Germany for the United States. He took a position at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, New Jersey. In 1939 Einstein collaborated with several other physicists in writing a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, pointing out the possibility of making an atomic bomb and the likelihood that the German government was embarking on such a course. The letter, which bore only Einstein’s signature, helped lend urgency to efforts in the U.S. to build the atomic bomb, but Einstein himself played no role in the work and knew nothing about it at the time.After 1919, Einstein became internationally renowned.He accrued honors and awards, including the Nobel Prize in physics in 1921, from various world scientific societies. His visit to any part of the world became a national event; photographers and reporters followed him everywhere.After the war, Einstein was active in the cause of international disarmament and world government but declined the offer made by leaders of the state of Israel to become president of that country. In the U.S. during the late 1940s and early 1950s he spoke out on the need for the nation’s intellectuals to make any sacrifice necessary to preserve political freedom. Einstein died in Princeton on April 18, 1955.Unit 4 The Professor and the Yo-Yo (Greeting)ReviewLeading-in•Einstein’s Chronology•Theory of Relativity•Atomic Bomb•Fame and Social ActivitiesAlbert Einstein, whose Special Theory of Relativity and General Theory of Relativity revolutionized scientific perceptions of the universe, is acknowledged, along with Newton, as one of history’s greatest physicists.Son of free-thinking, cultured Jews, Einstein was unable to speak until he was three and displayed no special promise. Anti-Semitism also hampered his talent when it began to emerge. He became a Swiss citizen in 1901, obtaining a doctorate from the University of Bern in 1905. His research, which ended in the famous equation E=mc2, was published in the same year.After World War I, Einstein’s fame extended beyond the scientific community and in 1921 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics. During the 1920s he regarded the rise of the Nazis in Germany with horror, eventually emigrating to the U.S. where, in 1933, he took up a post at Princeton University. In 1939 his early warnings of German scientific attempts to make an atomic bomb prompted the start of the Manhattan Project.Unit 4 The Professor and the Yo-Yo (Greeting)ReviewLeading-in3. The Yo-YoThe Yo-Yo is a simple toy consisting of a grooved double disk with a string about the center. The player holds the end of the string which unwinds itself as the disk is dropped. Then by a slight jerk on the string, the player causes it to rewind itself, and to reel up back to the hand. The toy is said to have originated in the Philippines. Since 1930 it has become a popular toy and even today children in different countries play the Yo-Yo and compete in various contests.4. The Nobel PrizeNobel Prizes are annual monetary awards granted to individuals or institutions for outstanding contributions in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, international peace, and economic sciences. The Nobel Prizes are internationally recognized as the most prestigious awards in each of these fields. The prizes were established by Swedish inventor and industrialist Alfred Bernhard Nobel, who set up a fund for them in his will. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded on December 10, 1901, the fifth anniversary of Nobel’s death. 5. Woolworth’sFrank Winfield Woolworth (1852~1919), an American merchant, was born in Rodman, New York. He established in 1879 a five-cent store at Utica, New York, which failed, and the same year he started a successful five-and-ten-cent store atLancaster, Pennsylvania. Woolworth opened many others and soon extended business throughout the United States and to several foreign countries. In 1911 the F. W. Woolworth Company was incorporated with ownership of over 1,000 five-and-tens, and he became director of various financial firms. (The last Woolworth stores were closed in 1998.) Woolworth had the Woolworth Building erected in New York City in 1913, the highest building in the world (792 ft / 241.4 m) at that time.Unit 4 The Professor and the Yo-Yo (Greeting)ReviewLeading-in◆Global ReadingFor Part 1 Multiple Choice1. When the young visitor came to Einstein’s home, he was _______.A) frightenedB) uneasyC) self-confidentD) frustrated2. What did Einstein do after the author suggested him try shaving cream?A) He tried the shaving cream the next morning and wasreally satisfied with it.B) He declined the offer and used razor and water asbefore.C) He thought the cream was of no use.D) He became curious about the components of the cream.3. The watermark—W—for Woolworth’s in Einstein’s stationery suggests that ________.A) he didn’t have enough money to buy the betterstationeryB) he was intended to show that he as important as otherpeopleC) he did not take any interest in prestigeD) he didn’t have personal ambition though he wasworld-famousDirections: To show Einstein is purely and exclusively a theorist, the author gives us three examples in this part. You are required to write three sentences to summarize the three examples. Each sentence should be fewer than 20 words. (1) He wouldn’t walk down the street to see a reactor createatomic energy.(2) He didn’t have any curiosity in observing how his theorymade TV possible.(3) He pursed various theories for the work of a toy but failedto know its operating principle.1.What is the best title of this part?Einstein’s attitude toward his fame.2. How did Einstein feel about his own fame?He said he had as good ideas as other people and that his ideashad been accepted because he had the luck. He was even puzzled by himself. He could not understand why he received so much attention and was singled out something special.Unit 4 The Professor and the Yo-Yo (Greeting)ReviewLeading-in3. An Analysis of Einstein’s Personality◆Detailed ReadingSeen through the eyes of a young friend Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.The Professor and the Yo-YoThomas Lee Bucky with Joseph P.Blank My father was a close friend of Albert Einstein. As a shy young visitor to Einstein’s home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said, “I have something to show you.”He went to his desk and returned with a Yo-Yo. He tried to show me how it worked but he couldn’t make it roll back up the string. When my turn came, I displayed my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance. Einstein nodded, properly impressed by my skill and knowledge. Later, I bought a new Yo-Yo and mailed it to the Professor as a Christmas present, and received a poem of thanks.As a boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the nature of the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. Heknew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to go as far as he could.In the 23 years of our friendship, I never saw him show jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment, or personal ambition. He seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of the world’s most important people, his stationery carried only a watermark —W —for Woolworth’s.To do his work he needed only a pencil and a pad of paper. Material things meant nothing to him. I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use for it. He believed in simplicity, so much so that he used only a safety razor and water to shave. When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job.”“But Professor, why don’t you try the cream just once?” I argued. “It makes shaving smoother and less painful.”He shrugged. Finally, I presented him with a tube of shaving cream. The next morning when he came down to breakfast, he was beaming with the pleasure of a new, great discovery. “You know, that cream really works,”he announced. “It doesn’t pull the beard. It feels wonderful.”Thereafter, he used the shaving cream every morning until the tube was empty. Then he reverted to using plain water.Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. He didn’t have the slightest interest in the practical application of his ideas and theories. His E=mc2 is probably the most famous equation in history —yet Einstein wouldn’t walk down thestreet to see a reactor create atomic energy. He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory, a series of equations that he considered relatively minor in importance, but he didn’t have any curiosity in observing how his theory made TV possible.My brother once gave the Professor a toy, a bird that balanced on the edge of a bowl of water and repeatedly dunked its head in the water. Einstein watched it in delight, trying to deduce the operating principle. But he couldn’t.The next morning he announced, “I had thought about that bird for a long time before I went to bed and it must work this way ...”He began a long explanation. Then he stopped, realizing a flaw in his reasoning. “No, I guess that’s not it,”he said. He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. His quick expression of disapproval told me he did not agree with this practical approach. He never did work out the solution.Another puzzle that Einstein could never understand was his own fame. He had developed theories that were profound and capable of exciting relatively few scientists. Yet his name was a household word across the civilized world. “I’ve had good ideas, and so have other men,”he once said. “But it’s been my good fortune that my ideas have been accepted.”He was bewildered by his fame: people wanted to meet him; strangers stared at him on the street; scientists, statesmen, students, and housewives wrote him letters. He never could understand why he received this attention, why he was singled out as something special.(Greeting)ReviewLeading-in◆After Reading1. Listening Comprehension1. DictationDirections:Here are two anecdotes about Einstein. You are required to listen carefully and write down every word of them.Young EinsteinAlbert Einstein was a very late talker. At the dinner table one evening, he finally broke his long silence: “The soup is too hot,” he complained. His parents, greatly relieved, asked him why he had never spoken before. “Because,” he replied, “up to now everything has been in order.”Einstein’s PhonebookWhen one of Albert Einstein’s colleagues asked the famous physicist for his telephone number one day, he reached for a telephone directory and looked it up. “You don’t remember your own number?” the man asked, understandably startled. “No,”Einstein replied with a shrug. “Why should I memorize something I can so easily get from a book?”2. Listen and Tell the StoryDirections:Listen to the story and retell it.(Greeting)ReviewLeading-in1. 密友a close friend2. 感到无拘无束feel at ease3. 指出point out4. 使玩具失去平衡throw the toy off balance5. 一首表示感谢的诗a poem of thanks6. 在某人的能力范围内within one’s limits7. 超出力所能及的范围beyond one’s intellectual limits8. 对…心满意足be content to9. 对…具有免疫力be immune to10. 与…通信往来correspond with11. 一本拍纸簿a pad of paper12. 对某人来说毫无意义mean nothing to someone13. 信奉简朴believe in simplicity14. 回复到revert to15. 实际应用practical application16. 相对（来说）次要relatively minor in importance17. 推断其运作原理deduce the operating principle18. 推理中的一个漏洞a flaw in one’s reasoning19. 不赞成的表情an expression of disapproval20. 研究出解决方法work out an solution21. 一个家喻户晓的名字a household name22. 对…迷惑不解be bewildered by23. 受到关注receive attention24. 挑选出single out 3. Summary WritingUnit 4 The Professor and the Yo-Yo (Greeting)ReviewLeading-in4. Multiple Choice1. His paper was singled ______as an example.A) overB) outC) onD) with2. This machine is ______ being improved.A) capable toB) able ofC) able toD) capable of3. He said he had ______ this subject for ten years.A) taughtB) pursuedC) demandedD) afforded4. What made him revert ______his habit of smoking?A) backB) toC) away fromD) on5. Without your help, I couldn’t ______the details ______.A) work…atB) work…outC) work …onD) work…up6. The boy was ______with joy.A) beamingB) bewilderingC) deducingD) shrugging7. She is poor ______she can hardly get anything to eat.A) as much asB) too much so thatC) so much so thatD) much more than8. Economy seems to be the only ______to the financial problem.A) generationB) meanC) solutionD) resolution9. They have ______each other for a long time.A) corresponded onB) corresponded withC) communicated withD) kept writing10. ______radio ______and try to find out what’s wrong with it.A) T ake…apartB) Tell…apartC) Cutting…into piecesD) Separate…apart5. Talking About the PicturesShow some pictures to students and let them talk about it. 6. Writing Practice1. A Brief IntroductionIn English writing, it is very important to present information to readers in a logical order, which is the key to coherent paragraphs and essays. There are many ways to organize a paragraph in a logical order. Some of them are listed in the following table.2. HomeworkDirections:Rearrange the following sentences so that they form a coherent paragraph in logical order.1.First the Smiths came for cocktails, and we were laterjoined for dinner by the Joneses.2. At 11:30 the Joneses left in a hurry to catch the last bus.3. We had a very busy evening.4. Shortly after the Joneses arrived, we got a phone call from the Robinsons to say they couldn’t come.5. And half an hour later, the Smiths called a taxi to take them home.6. We ate an enormous meal, and then looked at some slides of our holiday in China.Unit 4 The Professor and the Yo-Yo (Greeting)ReviewLeading-inExercises7. Proverbs and Quotations1. Humility is the beginning of wisdom.智慧源于谦逊。

Unit 4 The Professor and the Yo-YoLesson Type: Intensive ReadingTeaching Title: Unit 4 The Professor and the Yo-YoClass/Dept.:Lecture No.:Date:ⅠTeaching Objectives:1. master the key words and phrases in the text;2understand the main idea and the structure of the text;3get a general idea about Einstein’s personality.Ⅱ Teaching Emphasis:1 The comprehension and appreciation of the text;2 New words and expressions: modest; display; impress; function; frustrate; bitter; argue; argue; pursue; approach; fortune; at ease; point out; off balance;come to terms with; so much so that; work out; single out; correspond with; mean nothing to; revert to; take apartⅢ Teaching Procedures:Part 1 warm-up activities (omitted )Part 2 language pointsKey Words1. modest : a.a) having, showingE.g. Asian women are more modest and shy, yet they tend to have an inner force.b) moderate, not large in size or amountE.g. They bought a modest house in the northern suburb.2. displaya) (v.) showE.g. It is fashion designer's dream to display their dresses in Paris.b) (n.) displaying, show or exhibitionE.g. Are you interested in anything on display, sir?3. impress : v.a) (by / with) affect (sb.) deeply or strongly in mind or feelingE.g. He was deeply impressed by what he had seen in China.b) fix (sth.) deeply or firmly on the mind or memoryE.g. His words were strongly impressed on my memory.4. functiona) (v.) workE.g. The government functions through various ministries.b) (n.) special activity or purpose of a person or thingE.g. As one grows older, there is usually something wrong with body functions.5. frustrate : vt.a) cause (sb.) to have feeling of annoyed, upset disappointmentE.g. Staying at home all day frustrated her because she had been a brilliant scientist before her marriage.b) make (plan, effort etc) useless, defeatE.g. The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out.6. bitter : adj.a) filled with anger or hatredE.g. You shouldn't have said those bitter remarks about him.b) having a sharp unpleasant taste, causing sorryE.g. They have learned a bitter lesson in the accident.c) <derivative> bitterness (n.)7. arguea) (vt.) try to prove sth. by giving reasons, maintain by reasoningE.g. Columbus argued that the world was round.b) (vi.) (for or against) give reasons for or against sth., (over / against) discuss E.g. In the debate, one team argued for political reform, the other team argued against it.8. pursue : v.a) follow, go on steadily with (study or other activity)E.g. He consistently pursued his task no matter how bad the situation was.b) follow in order to catch or do harm toE.g. The policeman pursued the thief.c) <derivative> pursuit (n.)E.g. We work hard in pursuit happiness.9. approacha) (n.) method of doing sth.E.g. Writers take a more romantic approach to the historic event than historians. b) (n.) way, pathE.g. All approaches to the park were blocked after the explosion.c) (n.) coming near toE.g. The pop star is easy of approach.d) (v.) come nearE.g. As night approaches, nightingales start to singing.10. fortune : n.a) luck, chanceE.g. He decided to try his fortune here.b) a large sum of moneyE.g. He has made a fortune by hard work.Useful Phrases1. at easea) free from mental stress, relaxed and comfortableE.g. I'm not at ease when so many people are fixing me.b) <related phrases> set / put sb. at ease; make sb. feel at ease; with ease; E.g. The teacher has a good way to put his nervous students at ease.The doctor soon made the worried patient at ease.He solved the problem with ease.2. point out : draw attention to, explainE.g. It was pointed out to us that it was getting very late.3. off balancea) not in balance, not bale to keep from turning over or fallingE.g. Don't rock the boat, you will throw it off balance and get it turned over.b) <related phrases> keep one's balance; lose one's balance;4. come to terms witha) reach agreement withE.g. We have come to terms with them that the meeting will be delayed until next month.b) make oneself acceptE.g. Later she had to come to terms with the difficult situation.5. so much so that :to such an extent that, so that…E.g. I was tired, so much so that I thought I would never recover.6. work outa) solve, find by calculationE.g. It didn't take her much time to work out that she would soon have no money left.b) produce by thinkingE.g. We have worked out a scheme which should save the company several poundsa year.7. single out : choose from a group for special treatmentE.g. All of us did a very good job but the teacher singled him out for praise.8. correspond with : exchange letters withE.g. Will you correspond with me while I am away?9. mean nothing / every thing to : be of no / great importance or value toE.g. Material things meant nothing to Einstein, but to some people they mean everything.10. revert to : go back toE.g. My thought reverted to my childhood days.11.take apart : separate sth. into partsE.g. The professor spent the whole afternoon taking apart his old car.。