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文体学Varieties of language部分

文体学Varieties of language部分
And cutting across these social boundaries are differences in the ways of women and men, old and young. Each group tends to have its distinctive ways of speaking.
A variety which correlates with the various periods of the development of language is called TEMPORAL DIALECT.
Regional dialect
Language varies from region to region. Owing to the physical boundaries of oceans and mountains, people who live in different places tend to develop different speech patterns.
So there are individual, temporal, regional, social and standard varieties respectively.
DIATYPIC VARIETIES
commonly called REGISTERs
are language variations that are associated with the different use to which they are put.
Ethnic varieties
Ethnic groups tend to develop and maintain distinctive speech ways of their own. Hence the rise of ethnic varieties.

文体学五种文体PPT

文体学五种文体PPT
——Declaration of Independence
5
Formal style
Definition:Formal style is used before a large audience such as formal lectures,inaugural address of president elect,scientific reports.
——US Vice President's Speech at Fudan University
7
Consultative style
Definition:Consultative style is used for conducting most business matters,such as talking with strangers,buying things in a shop ,asking the way in the sreet.
4
Example
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness……
Definition:Casual style is the language used for situations in which no social barriers are felt by the participants.It is the language used among friends acquaintances,insiders,and people with shared knowledge.

文体学 Varieties

文体学 Varieties

Southern American
South Central, Southern, Appalachian
Chinese：
Cantonese 方言
4) Social Dialect
a) Socialeconomic Status Varieties; b) Ethnic Varieties; c) Gender Varieties; d) Age Varieties
Lead in
Policeman: What’s your name, boy? Black psychiatrist: Dr Poussaint. I am a physician. Policeman: What’s your first name, boy? Black psychiatrist: Alvin
Also
General American (Standard American)
Pacific NW, Pacific SW, Central, North Central
Eastern American
New England, New York City, MidAtlantic, Western Pennsylvania
Classification 1 User: historical varieties, regional dialect, social dialect Use: legal, journalistic, business, scientific, literary Social relations: medium—oral/ written and status/ attitude Quirk et al (Grammar of Contemporary English, 1972: 14): The fact that…the “Common Core” dominates all the varieties means that, however esoteric or remote a variety may be, it has running through it a set of grammatical and other characteristics that are present in all others. It is presumably this fact that justifies the application of the name “English”.

英语文体学 PPT

英语文体学 PPT
General stylistics: concentrating on the general features of various types of language use, including literary discourses and other practical styles
General stylistics
Some Senses of style
1) A man's style is his mind's voice. (Ralph Waldo Emerson)
2) Proper words in proper places makes the true definition of a style. (Jonathan Swift)
Introduction to Stylistics
I. Introduction
What is stylistics? Modern Stylistics:
General Stylistics, Literary Stylistics
The Scope of Studies
Literary stylistics: concentrating on the unique features of various literary works, such as poem, novel, prose, drama…
Some Senses of style
5) Style is a shell surrounding a preexisting core of thought. It is regarded as an addition to a central core of thought or expression. (Nils Erik Enkvist)）

英语文体学ppt-Varieties in relation to attitude

英语文体学ppt-Varieties in relation to attitude

politeness
Politeness refers to
How languages expressed the social distance between the speakers and their different role-relationships;
How face-work,that is,the attempt to establish,maintain,and save face during conversation,is carried out in a speech community
The consultative style
①Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest metro station?
②A: What can I do for you? B: I’d like to buy some primary taste yogurt .
In English,degrees of politeness are indicated by intonation patterns address forms and some other markers. A rising tone or a falling-rising tone used in commands,invitations,greetings or farewells,often indicates politeness. Excuse me? Thank you! It is very kind of you!
Chapter 6
Varieties in relation to attitude
Degrees of formality

文体学 课件

文体学 课件

A brief summaryStylistics is a newly-born study, it was in the 1960s that stylistic study really began to flourish in Great Britain and the United States. Professor Wang Zuoliang is the first person in China to study it.The stylistics we are discussing here is Modern Stylistics, a discipline that applies concepts and techniques of modern linguistics to the study of styles of language use. It has two subdivisions: General Stylistics and Literary Stylistics, with the latter concentrating solely on unique features of various literary works, and the former on the general features of various types of language use.1.2.1 Speech Acts1.2.2 Speech Events1.2.3 Text / Message / Discourse1. Substantial2. Formal3. SituationalIt is this contextual relationship between the substance and form of a speech event on the one hand and the situation in which it occurs on the other, which gives what is normally called “meaning” to utterance. In other words, context determines meaning of features in situation.e.g.My beloved grandfather has just passed to his heavenly reward.My dear grandfather has just expired.My grandfather has just passed away.My grandfather has died.同是表达“死”这个概念，但场合不同，表达方式也不同。

文体学Varieties of language部分

文体学Varieties of language部分

Individual dialect --- Idiolect
A specific person will display his or her own features of speech or writing habits.
The traits of speech or writing often point to a person’s individuality which leads to a person’s style.
VARIETIES OF LANGUAGE
语言变体
Outline
Two kinds of varieties Dialects Registers The mutual dependence between register
and dialect The social meaning of language varieties
The choice is determined by the convention that a certain kind of language is appropriate to a certain use.
The occasion can be classified along three dimensions, each presenting an aspect of the situation and the part played by the language in them.
and they yield two main kinds of situational varieties: dialectal and diatypic.
DIALECTAL VARIETIES commonly called DIALECTs are language variations that are

文体学五种文体演示课件

文体学五种文体演示课件
12
Example
“Daddy,where you been?” “Hunting for a rabbit's skin to wrap my little Bonnie in.Give your best sweetheart a kiss,Bonnie---and you too,Ella.”
6
Example
Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we're delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China.
Features: A.This vatiety reflects the most basic and common features among 5 varieties. B.Sentences are not too long,words are plain and are often arranged in normal order. C.Some grammatical phenomena not preferred like participles used as adverbials. D.No variation in diction. E.Sentences often begin with:well,but,so...
--------Gone with the Wind
13
Thank you!
14
Fatures: A. First name in greeting,no formal title. B.Often uses fragments,contractions,slang. C.Often used in more relaxed situation as in domitory. D.There is a greater variation from region to region,from one social group to another than formal and other styles.

新教材人教版高中英语必修第三册：Unit 3 Diverse Cultures 优秀课件

新教材人教版高中英语必修第三册：Unit 3 Diverse Cultures 优秀课件

新教材 高中英语 必修第三册 UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES
词汇二 fortune n. 机会；运气；财富 ◆教材原句 fortune cookie 幸运曲奇 ◆要点必记 （1）try one’s fortune 碰运气
make a fortune 发财；赚大钱 （2）fortunate adj. 幸运的
as possible. （4）［词汇复现］One of the best ways to improve your vocabulary is to read widely and
diversely （diverse），involving many different subjects and styles of writing.
be fortunate in doing sth. 因做某事感到幸运 be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事 ◆词语积累 fortunately adv. 幸运地 unfortunate adj. 不幸的 unfortunately adv. 不幸地
新教材 高中英语 必修第三册 UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES
新教材 高中英语 必修第三册 UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES
UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES
Section A Listening and Speaking Section B Reading and Thinking Section C Discovering Useful Structures Section D Listening and Talking，Reading
新教材 高中英语 必修第三册 UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES

英语文体学-Chapter-3-Varieties-of-LanguagePPT课件

英语文体学-Chapter-3-Varieties-of-LanguagePPT课件
Middle Eng.(1100~1500)— The Canterbury Tales
Modern Eng. (1500~now)— W. Shakespeare; Samuel Johnson
.
7
3.2 Dialects
3.2.3 Regional dialect
Different speech patterns in different places
Accent (伦敦小伙儿模仿全球24种英语口音) English— British Eng.
American Eng. Differences: phonology, graphology,
vocabulary, grammar (p.27-28)
.
8
3.2 Dialects
3.2.4 Social dialect
and dialect
5
Social meaning of language
varieties
.
2
3.1 Two kinds of varieties
Language is used in a context
Language in use is determined by a variety of situations
discourse
.
5
3.2 Dialects
3.2.1 Individual dialect — Idiolect
One’s own features of speech/writing habits Voice quality Pitch & stress patterns Lexical items Grammatical structures ---- xx’s language/style

文体学 课件

文体学 课件

A brief summaryStylistics is a newly-born study, it was in the 1960s that stylistic study really began to flourish in Great Britain and the United States. Professor Wang Zuoliang is the first person in China to study it.The stylistics we are discussing here is Modern Stylistics, a discipline that applies concepts and techniques of modern linguistics to the study of styles of language use. It has two subdivisions: General Stylistics and Literary Stylistics, with the latter concentrating solely on unique features of various literary works, and the former on the general features of various types of language use.1.2.1 Speech Acts1.2.2 Speech Events1.2.3 Text / Message / Discourse1. Substantial2. Formal3. SituationalIt is this contextual relationship between the substance and form of a speech event on the one hand and the situation in which it occurs on the other, which gives what is normally called ―meaning‖ to utterance. In other words, context determines meaning of features in situation.e.g.My beloved grandfather has just passed to his heavenly reward.My dear grandfather has just expired.My grandfather has just passed away.My grandfather has died.同是表达―死‖这个概念，但场合不同，表达方式也不同。

英语文体学3,4

英语文体学3,4

Chapter 3 Varieties of Language语言变体(varieties of language)可分为两类：一类是方言变体(dialectal varieties), 俗称方言；另一类是话语类变体(diatypic varieties), 亦称语域（register）。

方言是以语言的使用者（users）为基准而区分的语言变体；语域则是按照语言使用者对语言的使用（uses）而区分的语言变体。

因此，方言多与交际者的社会阶层、社会地位、地域、年龄、性别及所处的时代等因素有关，比较稳定；语域则多与交际者所从事的社会活动密切相关。

方言(Dialect):1) 语言使用者的个人特征（individuality）--Idiolect(语言的流利度、清晰度、表达能力大小等。

例：Mr X’s English, Mr Y’s English。

)2) 时代特征（temporal features）--Temporal Dialect3) 地域特征（geographical feature）--Regional Dialect4) 社会特征（social features）--Social DialectSocioeconomic status varieties 社会经济变体Ethnic varieties 种族变体Gender varieties 性别变体Age varieties 年龄变体5) 可理解的程度和范围—Standard Dialect方言(Dialects)具有社会指示功能，方言不仅能体现人物的地域特征，而且能反映出人物的社会地位、文化程度乃至个人性格，这一点在文学作品中最为明显语域(Register)1) Field of Discourse(话语范围/语场)Non-technical fields of discourseTechnical fields of discourse2) Mode of Discourse(话语方式/语式)Speech: conversing, monologuingWriting: texts written to be spoken as if not written/ written to be read3) Tenor of Discourse(话语基调/语基)Personal Tenor(个人基调)Functional Tenor(功能基调)1) Field of Discourse(话语范围/语场)话语范围指的是言语交际过程中发生的事情，进行的活动，论及的事情或表达的经验等，它能体现语言使用者在特定情境语境中所要实现的交际目的和作用。

英语文体学3,4

英语文体学3,4

英语文体学3,4Chapter 3 Varieties of Language语言变体(varieties of language)可分为两类：一类是方言变体(dialectal varieties), 俗称方言；另一类是话语类变体(diatypic varieties), 亦称语域（register）。

方言是以语言的使用者（users）为基准而区分的语言变体；语域则是按照语言使用者对语言的使用（uses）而区分的语言变体。

因此，方言多与交际者的社会阶层、社会地位、地域、年龄、性别及所处的时代等因素有关，比较稳定；语域则多与交际者所从事的社会活动密切相关。

方言(Dialect):1) 语言使用者的个人特征（individuality）--Idiolect(语言的流利度、清晰度、表达能力大小等。

例：Mr X’s English, Mr Y’s English。

)2) 时代特征（temporal features）--Temporal Dialect3) 地域特征（geographical feature）--Regional Dialect4) 社会特征（social features）--Social DialectSocioeconomic status varieties 社会经济变体Ethnic varieties 种族变体Gender varieties 性别变体Age varieties 年龄变体5) 可理解的程度和范围—Standard Dialect方言(Dialects)具有社会指示功能，方言不仅能体现人物的地域特征，而且能反映出人物的社会地位、文化程度乃至个人性格，这一点在文学作品中最为明显语域(Register)1) Field of Discourse(话语范围/语场)Non-technical fields of discourseTechnical fields of discourse2) Mode of Discourse(话语方式/语式)Speech: conversing, monologuingWriting: texts written to be spoken as if not written/ written to be read3) Tenor of Discourse(话语基调/语基)Personal Tenor(个人基调)Functional Tenor(功能基调)1) Field of Discourse(话语范围/语场)话语范围指的是言语交际过程中发生的事情，进行的活动，论及的事情或表达的经验等，它能体现语言使用者在特定情境语境中所要实现的交际目的和作用。

文体学 课件

文体学 课件

A brief summaryStylistics is a newly-born study, it was in the 1960s that stylistic study really began to flourish in Great Britain and the United States. Professor Wang Zuoliang is the first person in China to study it.The stylistics we are discussing here is Modern Stylistics, a discipline that applies concepts and techniques of modern linguistics to the study of styles of language use. It has two subdivisions: General Stylistics and Literary Stylistics, with the latter concentrating solely on unique features of various literary works, and the former on the general features of various types of language use.1.2.1 Speech Acts1.2.2 Speech Events1.2.3 Text / Message / Discourse1. Substantial2. Formal3. SituationalIt is this contextual relationship between the substance and form of a speech event on the one hand and the situation in which it occurs on the other, which gives what is normally called ―meaning‖ to utterance. In other words, context determines meaning of features in situation.e.g.My beloved grandfather has just passed to his heavenly reward.My dear grandfather has just expired.My grandfather has just passed away.My grandfather has died.同是表达―死‖这个概念，但场合不同，表达方式也不同。

文体学 Varieties.ppt

文体学 Varieties.ppt

as significant for people in deciding whether they
and others belong to a particular class.
b) Ethnic Varieties
Hispanic English
Affected by first language

the language of Shakespeare)
Authoritarian English (1650-1800)
Mature Modern English (1800-1920)
Late Modern English (1920-present)
3) Regional Dialect BrE / AmE (PP. 27-28) AmE
Differences between male and female
speech (Ten features of women's
language use)(Lakoff,1975):
1. hedge (sort of, kind of);
2. use (super) polite forms, indirect (would you please?
6. use hypercorrect grammar and pronunciation (including ungrammatical forms, like between you and I [standard syntax = between you and me]);
7. are poor at recounting jokes ;
Also
General American (Standard American)

文体学3

文体学3

语言变体
按照社会语言学的观点，语言变体是指由 具备相同特征的人在相同的社会环境中 所普遍使用的某种语言表现形式。在文 体学上，根据语言表现形式自身的特点， 语言变体又可分为方言变体（dialectical varieties或dialects）和语域变体 （diatypic varieties或 registers）。
phonology
1) phonology; eg
Ask
Laugh
Tube
Either When
BrE [ɑ:sk] [lɑ:f] [tju:b] [ai δ ə] [wen]
AmE [æsk] [læf] [tu:b] [i: δ ə] [hwen]
graphology
2) graphology
Social Dialect
A variety associated with certain social group is referred to as SOCIAL DIALECT. The social groups may identify themselves as separate socioeconomic classes or as ethnic groups. And cutting across these social boundaries are
grammer
4) Grammer BrE AmE Have you eaten yet? Did you eat yet? He has just gonr back. He just went home.
Regional Dialect
So far as the English world is concerned,

文体学第三课PPT课件

文体学第三课PPT课件
Making sure of the denotative meaning of a word sometimes must depend on the context.
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e.g. : “It is your boy, my Lord.”
“是伺候你的小伙计， 大人”
“ It is your Lord, my boy”
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5
Contextualization requires proper words in proper situation and the texts of different styles demand different words which in their long time use acquire stylistic coloring.
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Connotation is much more complicated than denotation.
sun------ warm and bright
flower ------ beautiful
Connotation of a word is not fixed , but undergoes changes with the passage of time.
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e.g.
Hiroshima My spoon was lifted when the bomb came down That left no face, no hand , no spoon to hold. Two hundred thousand died in my home town. This came to pass before my soup was cold.

文体学五种文体(课堂PPT)

文体学五种文体(课堂PPT)
8
Example
"Where's Van Bummel,the shoolmaster? " "He went off to the war too,was the great militia general,and is now in Congress."
——Rip Van Winkle
9
Casual style
Features: A.This vatiety reflects the most basic and common features among 5 varieties. B.Sentences are not too long,words are plain and are often arranged in normal order. C.Some grammatical phenomena not preferred like participles used as adverbials. D.No variation in diction. E.Sentences often begin with:well,but,so...
6
Example
Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we're delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China.
——Declaration of Independence
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Quirk et al (Grammar of Contemporary English, 1972: 14): The fact that…the “Common Core” dominates all the varieties means that, however esoteric or remote a variety may be, it has running through it a set of grammatical and other characteristics that are present in all others. It is presumably this fact that justifies the application of the name “English”.
two varieties 4. The Social meaning of Language
varieties 5. Summary
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4
1. Different views on Varieties
Classification according to user, use and social relations—
Varieties; Enthic Varieties; Gender Varieties;Age Varieties Range of intelligibility(可理解性的范围） standard；non-satandard
3. In what way can stylistic study help us achieve adaptation in translation ?
-
2
Lead in
Policeman: What’s your name, boy? Black psychiatrist: Dr Poussaint. I am a
-
5
Classification 1
User: historical varieties, regional dialect, social dialect
Use: legal, journalistic, business, scientific, literary
Social relations: medium—oral/ written and status/ attitude
Classification 3(侯维瑞) *情景变体：语域 *地方变体：地域方言 *社会变体：社会方言—社会阶层、民族、性别、年龄、
行业团体、俚语（社会变体与情景变体的混合） *功能变体：功能文体—文学、广告、新闻、科技、法律 *时间变体：tin Joos根据语体的正式程度把语 言分为五类
Sociolinguist Joshua Fishaman suggested that we consider “who speaks (or writes) what language (or what language variety) to whom and when and to what end.”(1972: 46)
Consultative:
Goodbye. Have a good weekend.
Casual:
Bye now – take care.
Intimate:
later, darlin’.
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2.Two kinds of Varieties
2.1 Dialectal Varieties: Dialects
(1)熟近(intimate) (2)随便(casual) (3)商榷(consultative) (4)正式(formal) (5)僵化(frozen)
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Partings
Frozen:
Farewell, and Godspeed.
Formal:
Goodbye. We look forward to seeing you again.
physician. Policeman: What’s your first name, boy? Black psychiatrist: Alvin
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3
Outline
1. Different views on Varieties 2. Two Kinds of Varieties 3. The Mutual Dependence between
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6
Classification 2 (张德禄) Personal letters, tourist guide, foreign trade
writing, news reporting, comments, advertising, scientific writing, official document, biography, practical speeches, legal documents, religious writings
3.Varieties of Language
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1
Questions
1.In what way can stylistic study help us Cultivate a Sense of Appropriateness
2.In what way can stylistic study help us sharpen the understanding and appreciation of literary works ?
2.2 Diatypic Varieties: Registers (P25)
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10
2.1. Dialects
Individual Dialects---Idiolect Temporal Dialect： Old English/ Middle
English/ Modern English Regional Dialect Social Dialect--- Social Economic Status