Pimsleur_Japanese_I

日本漫画家官方网站CLAMP 安倍吉俊http://www.people.or.jp/~ab/index.html坂田晴子http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~ysakata/北神谅http://swat.pos.to/碧也绯红http://www03.u-page.so-net.ne.jp/qc4/pink-a/冰粟优http://www.diana.dti.ne.jp/~higuri/潮见知佳http://www.katch.ne.jp/~shiomi/成岛百合http://www.ne.jp/asahi/yuri/narushima/池田惠http://www.eva.hi-ho.ne.jp/ikeda-k/池泽理美http://home.catv.ne.jp/dd/ikezawa/赤石路代http://www.14.u-page.so-net.ne.jp/xb3/michiyo/赤松健/船户明里http://www.ne.jp/asahi/orange/lamp/index2.htm 大枪苇人/道原香津美http://member.nifty.ne.jp/michihara/index.htm 东城和实http://www.linkclub.or.jp/~miyacom/都筑和美http://www.ifnet.or.jp/~byunbyun/多田由美http://www.yo.rim.or.jp/~fudge/峰仓和也http://members5.cool.ne.jp/~nitroxxx/富泽仁司http://www.jah.ne.jp/~lucky/fss.html冈崎武士http://www.t3.rim.or.jp/~happy/冈田芽武/冈野玲子http:///www.najanaja.co.jp/冈野史佳http://www.planet-f/com/高岛奈月http://www.h5.dion.ne.jp/~east_pro/高口里纯/top.html高桥美由纪http://miyuki.iii.co.jp/高桥明http://www13.big.or.jp/~matrix/高桥努http://www.din.or.jp/%7Etao/高桥由美http://home.att.ne.jp/sky/thewell/main.html 高屋奈月http://www.05.u-page.so-net.ne.jp/wc4/nozo/宫板香帆http://www5a.biglobe.ne.jp/~binetsu/古张乃莉/和田尚子http://www.linkclub.or.jp/~naoko-w/河原和音http://www5b.biglobe.ne.jp/~kazune/后藤星http://www3.justnet.ne.jp/~ruby/后藤直http://www.st.sakura.ne.jp/~galaxy/皇名月http://www.roy.hi-ho.ne.jp/nasuga/姬木薰理pronejp/~himeki/极乐院樱子http://www.linkclub.or.jp/~saurako/见田龙介&御祗岛千明http://club.pep.ne.jp/~mitaogi/江口寿史/介错http://www.toshima.ne.jp/~kaishaku/今泉伸二http://www06.u-page.so-net.ne.jp/yc4/nachu/井上纪良http://www.studio-angels.co.jp/井上三太http://www.santa.co.jp/井上雄彦（还带中文版的）http://www.itplanning.co.jp/九音摩绪http://www.diana.dti.ne.jp/~gekkoh/橘水树&樱林子http://i-f.pos.to/STiCCA/葵二叶&红三叶/立花日http://wsp.jpweb.sh/立野真琴laputa.ne.jp/~tenhou/罗川真里茂http://www.ragawa.co.jp/麻宫骑亚&菊池通隆http://www.tron.co.jp/猫十字社/末次有纪http://www.ne.jp/asahi/ys/sanbankan/木城雪户/木木http://www.d9dion.ne.jp/~kanalin/内藤泰弘http://www.din.or.jp/~nightow/楠桂&大桥薰http://www.ngy1.1st.ne.jp/~k2office/片山悉/garasu-no-tsuki/平井摩利/home/payoco七濑葵http://www.aoinanase.gr.jp/漆原智志http://www.earthwork.ne.jp青池保子http://www.aoike.gr.jp/青木光惠http://www.gainax.co.jp/hills/aoki/获原一至http://www01.vaio.ne.jp/BASTA/index.html犬木加奈子/~inuki/森川久美http://www1.linkclub.or.jp/~mya/山田南平/上田美和http://www.yomogi.sakura.ne.jp/~peach/上田信舟http://www.geocities.co.jp/Playtown/3526/神田森莉http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~kaba3hijiri_index.html圣悠纪http://www.linkclub.or.jp/~mya/石川优吾/士贵智志http://www.wrenchstudio.gr.jp手冢治虫http://www.tezuka.co.jp/树夏实http://www.ny.airnet.ne.jp/itsuki/水城雪可奈http://www.page.sannet.ne.jp/setona/index.html司淳http://www7.big.or.jp/~abura/寺田克也http://www.t3.rim.or.jp/~tera/松本零士http://leiji-matsumoto.ne.jp/松本泉ic-on.co.jp/大田早纪/uki/藤玉树http://poppy.roo.ne.jp/~bud/藤原カムィhttp://www.studio2b.co.jp/藤子·F·不二雄/top.html天王寺（原来还真有叫天王寺的）http://www.lifox.co.jp/田村由美http://www02.so-net.ne.jp/~tamura-y/田中机械http://www.aa.aeonnet.ne.jp/~child-planet/田中久仁彦y.3web.ne.jp/~r4mt/menu/framepage2.htm望月玲子/index2.html唯登诗树http://yui.mac-time.ne.jp/五十岚优美子/new_candy/index.html武井宏之http://www.harnet.co.jp/武林武士http://www13.u-page.so-net.ne.jp/bf6/kotama/index.html 物领冬实http://www.remus.dti.ne.jp/~suko喜多尚江http://www02.u-page.so-net.ne.jp/qc4/naoe/喜国雅彦http://plaza22.mbn.or.jp/~kunikikuni/index.f.html小浪诏子/小林博美link.ne.jp/~hiromi/小手川瑜亚http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/ro/gj13041/小鹰和麻http://www.dinor.jp/~k2c/小泽真理http://kata.sakura.ne.jp/筱原正美http://www.geocities.co.jp/AnimeComic-Pen/2441/index.html 须藤真澄http://www.catnet.ne.jp/masumi/绪方刚志http://www.pagesannet.ne.jp/bonoto/雁川せゅhttp://www3.justnet.ne.jp/~rackandpinion/野间美由纪/叶精作http://www.mac-time.ne.jp/kano/伊万里寿美子http://www.ingjapan.ne.jp/imari/樱濑虎姬http://ohse-kohime.cool.ne.jp/影木荣贵http://www.geocities.co.jp/AnimeComic/1990/御茶渍海苔http://www5a.biglobe.ne.jp/~ochazuke/index.html垣野内成美http://www.aprildd.co.jp/~kakinouchi/原哲夫/月森雅子http://kobe.cool.ne.jp/tukimori/折原美都/真锅主治/真崎春望http://www.geocities.co.jp/Bookend/7973/木真村怜http://www.hh.iij4u.or.jp/~fcs/织田绮http://www13.u-page.so-net.ne.jp/jk9/aya-sato/中平正彦http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~n-masahiko/中山星香http://www.nerimadorhouse.jp/中条比纱也/猪熊忍http://saladplanning.hotspace.jp/竹官惠子http://www.mac-time.ne.jp/takemiya/椎名高志http://www.ne.jp/asahi/cna100/store/index.html 佐野真砂辉&渡边京/。

関西バレエカンパニー公演第３９回バレエ芸術劇場「眠れる森の美女」呉市出身のバレエダンサー「青木崇」さん出演！
平成２４年１月２９日(日)に行われる、関西バレエカンパニー公演第３９回バレエ芸術劇場「眠れる森の美女」に呉市出身のバレエダンサー「青木崇」さんが出演されます！
毎年、この公演では「青木崇」さんは主役を踊られているのですが、今回の公演に付きましては、役柄の関係も有り、主役よりも高度な演技力と、実力が必要な役柄を演じられております。

第３幕、結婚式の場面、男女二組ずつの宝石の踊りを踊られます。

「青木崇」さんのパートナーは同じバレエカンパニーの、山下摩耶さんです。

「青木崇」さんは、関西を代表する一番実力バレエダンサーで、熊川哲也を凌ぐほどの実力ダンサーです。

是非、皆さんで劇場へ足を運んで、クラッシックの世界を味わってみては如何でしょうか。

・日時2012年１月29日(日)
開場：１６時１５分開演：１７時
・場所大阪国際会議場メインホール（グランキューブ大阪）
チケット申込みは下記の表へ記入の上、平成24年1月10日迄にFAXで送信下さい。

事務局：中島(TEL・FAX)⇒072－758－7409
チケット申し込み用紙。

X-Art.2009-0915√Georgia & Francesca in My EdenX-Art.2009-1016√Katrina in Watch me Cum ⅡX-Art.2009-1023√Carla in The Girl In My ShowerX-Art.2009-1114√Kat in Back in BlackX-Art.2009-1120√Kat in TranslucenceX-Art.2010-0129√Carlie in I Saw an AngelX-Art.2010-0212√Megan in The Morning BathX-Art.2010-0217√Carlie in She Cums in ColorsX-Art.2010-0226√Megan in Bedtime BeautyX-Art.2010-0301√Lilly in Sweet DreamsX-Art.2010-0315√Lilly in Angels Lips Devils KissX-Art.2010-0317√Megan in Dreaming of YouX-Art.2010-0319√Kat in 1969X-Art.2010-0320√Stevie in TroubleX-Art.2010-0322√Carlie in Big Toy OrgasmX-Art.2010-0326√Carlie in Beautiful BlowjobX-Art.2010-0405√Capri in The Day We MetX-Art.2010-0409√Francesca in Sunset in MalibuX-Art.2010-0412√Francesca & Capri in Just the Two of Us X-Art.2010-0416√Carlie in Misty MorningX-Art.2010-0423√Francesca in AngelicX-Art.2010-0426√Leila in Sex with PassionX-Art.2010-0503√Reina & Patsy in Girls NightX-Art.2010-0507√Carlie & Leila in Stawberries and WineX-Art.2010-0512√Capri & Francesca in Malibu DazeX-Art.2010-0517√Francesca & Breanne in Girls with Glasses X-Art.2010-0528√Carlie & Leila in IntimoX-Art.2010-0618√Mina in Beauty and The BeastX-Art.2010-0625√Mina in Minas FantasyX-Art.2010-0707√Katka in Cum Like CrazyX-Art.2010-0714√Silvie in Morning to RememberX-Art.2010-0721√Susie in Cream DreamX-Art.2010-0728√Monique in Playtime for PussyX-Art.2010-0804√Katka in Sweet SurpriseX-Art.2010-0811√Monique in Love to FuckX-Art.2010-0818√Kristen in Pink on the InsideX-Art.2010-0825√Kristen in Girl Next DoorX-Art.2010-0901√Sasha D in Between the SheetsX-Art.2010-0910√Francesca in Could Have Loved YouX-Art.2010-0917√Carlie in SunsetX-Art.2010-0920√Eufrat in Waking up in a DreamX-Art.2010-0927√Carlie in Cum CloserX-Art.2010-1006√Tori in Torrid LoveX-Art.2010-1013√Star in Sex on a Summer AfternoonX-Art.2010-1020√Tori in The Endless OrgasmX-Art.2010-1027√Francesca in Flesh for FantasyX-Art.2010-1105√Jennifer in Naughty AngelX-Art.2010-1112√Francesca & Emma in Daddy's OfficeX-Art.2010-1117√Ruby in Summer LoveX-Art.2010-1122√Jennifer & Ruby in Wet and WildX-Art.2010-1126√Emma in Private TutorX-Art.2010-1203√Emma in Pink Like SugarX-Art.2010-1210√Eufrat in After PartyX-Art.2010-1217√Caprice in Hot BathX-Art.2010-1222√Leila in Sex on the BeachX-Art.2010-1225√Francesca in Caribbean ChristmasX-Art.2010-1229√Tiffany in Teenagers in LoveX-Art.2011-0105√Gigi R & Hayden in Play TimeX-Art.2011-0112√Francesca & Caprice in Double the Pleasure X-Art.2011-0119√Gigi R in My Girlfriend is BackX-Art.2011-0121√Leila & Caprice in Tropical FantasyX-Art.2011-0128√Tiffany in Seaside FantasyX-Art.2011-0202√Faye & Leila in Awesome ThreesomeX-Art.2011-0211√Faye in Prelude to an OrgyX-Art.2011-0216√Mary in Show You My LoveX-Art.2011-0223√Tiffany in Sex with a SupermodelX-Art.2011-0225√Katka & Mikah in TendernessX-Art.2011-0302√Caprice in One Fine DayX-Art.2011-0307√Caprice & Tiffany in Just Us GirlsX-Art.2011-0309√Tiffany in Mutual OrgasmX-Art.2011-0316√Francesca & Caprice in Midnight Experience X-Art.2011-0323√Tatiana in The VoyeurX-Art.2011-0325√Leila in Naked in the Hot SunX-Art.2011-0330√Caprice in Winter BluesX-Art.2011-0404√Hayden in Pink and TightX-Art.2011-0406√Katka & Mikah in My Best Friend's Boyfriend X-Art.2011-0408√Mary in Stolen MomentX-Art.2011-0411√Tiffany in Absolutely GorgeousX-Art.2011-0413√Caprice in Deep InsideX-Art.2011-0418√Faye & Tiffany in After SunsetX-Art.2011-0420√Caprice & Katherine in Once We KissX-Art.2011-0422√Sam & Marie in The Ultimate BlowjobX-Art.2011-0425√Marie in The Art of Anal SexX-Art.2011-0429√Victoria in More Than Just FriendsX-Art.2011-0504√Caprice in SolitudeX-Art.2011-0506√Katka in Two Into OneX-Art.2011-0511√Francesca & Leila in The Wetter the BetterX-Art.2011-0518√Victoria & Melanie in Every Man's DesireX-Art.2011-0523√Leila in Blue DreamX-Art.2011-0527√Mia in Love, Sex and HappinessX-Art.2011-0530√Francesca , Caprice & Tiffany in Three in the MorningX-Art.2011-0603√Mary in Pure PassionX-Art.2011-0610√Katherine in Just for YouX-Art.2011-0620√Tatiana in The Voyeur Part 2X-Art.2011-0624√Caprice in Fucking PerfectionX-Art.2011-0629√Marie in Sexy DanceX-Art.2011-0704√Silvie & Erica in GirlfriendsX-Art.2011-0706√Silvie in Just MarriedX-Art.2011-0711√Gabriella in Siempre en mi CorazonX-Art.2011-0715√Caprice & Sunshine in The Spanish GardenX-Art.2011-0720√Silvie in The Perfect LoversX-Art.2011-0722√Caprice & Gabriella in Come to MeX-Art.2011-0727√Erica & Stacy in Her First ThreesomeX-Art.2011-0801√Silvie in Self PleasureX-Art.2011-0805√Stacy in Poolside RompX-Art.2011-0808√Mary in If Only It Were YouX-Art.2011-0815√Maryjane in Young LoveX-Art.2011-0819√Annemarie in More Than EverX-Art.2011-0824√Erica in Double DP PleasureX-Art.2011-0826√Karina in Love to Love YouX-Art.2011-0831√Malena & Elle in Hot SaunaX-Art.2011-0905√Malena in DeliciousX-Art.2011-0912√Gabriella in My First TimeX-Art.2011-0915√Maryjane & Presley in The FoursomeX-Art.2011-0919√Caprice in Backdoor LoverX-Art.2011-0923√Elle in Red Hot SummerX-Art.2011-0928√Veronica in The DormX-Art.2011-0930√Carmen in CristalinaX-Art.2011-1005√Veronica in Wet OrgasmX-Art.2011-1010√Caprice & Erica in Morning LoversX-Art.2011-1014√Carmen in Late NightX-Art.2011-1017√Maryjane in Natural BeautyX-Art.2011-1021√Erica & Sunshine in Holiday in SpainX-Art.2011-1028√Tabitha in Stay with MeX-Art.2011-1102√Abby in The Rich Girl - Part OneX-Art.2011-1109√Eufrat in My LoveX-Art.2011-1114√Gabriella,Anneli,Veronika & Samantha in Girls Night Out X-Art.2011-1116√Abby in The Rich Girl - Part TwoX-Art.2011-1121√Kitty in After HoursX-Art.2011-1125√Anneli & Ivy in The MasseuseX-Art.2011-1128√Angie in VIP LoungeX-Art.2011-1202√Connie in X-Art on TVX-Art.2011-1209√Caprice in Tropical VibeX-Art.2011-1212√Carla in Happy EndingX-Art.2011-1219√Anneli in Dream GirlX-Art.2011-1222√Angel in Journey to the EastX-Art.2011-1226√Leila & Carmen in Christmas VacationX-Art.2011-1230√Connie in Lovers in ParadiseX-Art.2012-0104√Angel in Seaside RompX-Art.2012-0109√Carmen in Poolside StripteaseX-Art.2012-0113√Leila & Anneli in Menage a TroisX-Art.2012-0118√Leila in Morning FantasyX-Art.2012-0123√Silvie in CenterfoldX-Art.2012-0125√Veronika in Coming HomeX-Art.2012-0130√Caprice in One & Only CapriceX-Art.2012-0201√Leila in Last NightX-Art.2012-0206√Eufrat & Silvie in Strip PokerX-Art.2012-0208√Connie in True LoveX-Art.2012-0213√Carmen in An Afternoon to RememberX-Art.2012-0217√Veronika in Introducing VeronikaX-Art.2012-0220√Angel in Afternoon DelightX-Art.2012-0224√Carla in IntimateX-Art.2012-0229√Tiffany in Like the First TimeX-Art.2012-0305√Carla & Abby in Blonde AmbitionX-Art.2012-0307√Tiffany & Brooklyn in Heavenly Brunettes X-Art.2012-0312√Tiffany in California DreamsX-Art.2012-0314√Eufrat in Time to GoX-Art.2012-0319√Ivy in Lunchtime FantasyX-Art.2012-0321√Brooklyn in Evening at HomeX-Art.2012-0326√Carmen in Paradise FoundX-Art.2012-0328√Tiffany & Abby in Perfect GirlsX-Art.2012-0401√Introducing KayleeX-Art.2012-0404√Brooklyn in Evening at Home Part 2X-Art.2012-0409√Silvie in Wild at HeartX-Art.2012-0411√Abby & Carla in RoommatesX-Art.2012-0416√Grace in Breakfast in BedX-Art.2012-0418√Kristen & Ivy in Lovely LoversX-Art.2012-0422√Erica in Slow MotionX-Art.2012-0428√Ivy in Heaven SentX-Art.2012-0430√Angel in Little LoverX-Art.2012-0502√Abby in One Night StandX-Art.2012-0508√Linsay in Pretty Back Door BabyX-Art.2012-0511√Diana in Introducing DianaX-Art.2012-0513√Hayden & Kiera in Silver BulletsX-Art.2012-0516√Connie in Romantic MemoriesX-Art.2012-0521√Avril in L.A. LoveX-Art.2012-0523√Stefanie in Like a DoveX-Art.2012-0529√Kaylee in Teenage DreamX-Art.2012-0601√Grace & Samantha in Sneak n PeekX-Art.2012-0604√Bree in On My OwnX-Art.2012-0606√Avril in Young & HotX-Art.2012-0611√Stefanie & Suzie C in Sapphic ExperienX-Art.2012-0615√Caprice & Angel in Girls NightX-Art.2012-0620√Grace in Foot FetishX-Art.2012-0622√Avril in Strawberry BlondeX-Art.2012-0625√Kristen in Happy CoupleX-Art.2012-0627√Leila in Yoga in the SkyX-Art.2012-0702√Silvie & Ariel in Good VibrationsX-Art.2012-0704√Addison in Positively In LoveX-Art.2012-0706√Hayden H & Bree in Sunday AfternoonX-Art.2012-0709√Grace in Grace AngelicX-Art.2012-0711√Grace in Pure GraceX-Art.2012-0713√Susie & Angie in Dream Come TureX-Art.2012-0716√Hayden H in Pink OrgasmX-Art.2012-0718√Maya in BackstageX-Art.2012-0720√Ivy in Wet DreamX-Art.2012-0725√Gianna in Morning TrystX-Art.2012-0727√Kiera & Avril in Come To My WindowX-Art.2012-0730√Silvie in TranscendenceX-Art.2012-0801√Eufrat & Grace in Casual AffairX-Art.2012-0802√Mary in White HotX-Art.2012-0803√Jessie in FarewellX-Art.2012-0806√Leila & Kaylee in Close to the EdgeX-Art.2012-0810√Susie in InspirationX-Art.2012-0813√Jessie & Anais in Coucher Avec une Autre Fille X-Art.2012-0815√Addison in Being MeX-Art.2012-0817√Caprice & Anneli in Threes CompanyX-Art.2012-0819√Ivy in This Side of ParadiseX-Art.2012-0821√Abby in Private TimeX-Art.2012-0824√Silvie in Unbelievably BeautifulX-Art.2012-0827√Jessie in Starting OverX-Art.2012-0829√Mary & Ariel in Perfect TogetherX-Art.2012-0903√Leila and Ivy in Side by SideX-Art.2012-0905√Kaylee in First LoveX-Art.2012-0907√Jessie in House of the Rising SunX-Art.2012-0910√Cindy in Morning MemoriesX-Art.2012-0911√Silvie in Classic BeautyX-Art.2012-0914√Grace in Amazing GraceX-Art.2012-0917√Silvie & Kaylee in Underwater LoverX-Art.2012-0919√Gianna in Black Lace BlissX-Art.2012-0921√Kristen in BedX-Art.2012-0924√Leila in Three for the ShowX-Art.2012-0926√Grace, Linsay & Nastia in Russian Invasion X-Art.2012-0928√Maya in Photo FantasyX-Art.2012-1001√Anneli in Miss PerfectX-Art.2012-1005√Silvie & Grace in Wild ThingsX-Art.2012-1010√Jasmine in Dangerous GameX-Art.2012-1012√Ariel in Red HotX-Art.2012-1015√Diana in DaydreamX-Art.2012-1017√Baby in Young PassionX-Art.2012-1019√Mira in Flexible BeautyX-Art.2012-1022√Baby in A Day to RememberX-Art.2012-1026√Mira in Poolside PassionX-Art.2012-1029√Gianna in Ibiza LoveX-Art.2012-1031√Caprice & Ivana in Casual SexX-Art.2012-1102√Kaylee in Still With MeX-Art.2012-1107√Ivy in Soul MatesX-Art.2012-1110√Susie in Vacation FantasyX-Art.2012-1113√Ivy in Lovers QuarrelX-Art.2012-1115√Susie & Kaylee in Finding ElysiumX-Art.2012-1117√Beatrice in Formidable BeautyX-Art.2012-1120√Baby in By MyselfX-Art.2012-1122√Addison in Tarde EspanolaX-Art.2012-1124√Connie in Heart & SoulX-Art.2012-1127√Gianna in Prelude to PassionX-Art.2012-1128√Angelica in Introducing AngelicaX-Art.2012-1130√Anneli & Baby in Loving AngelsX-Art.2012-1202√Angelica in Inside PerfectionX-Art.2012-1204√Beatrice in Cum With MeX-Art.2012-1205√Kaylee in Waterfall EmotionsX-Art.2012-1207√Addison in Unforgettable View Part IX-Art.2012-1209√Susie & Baby in Then They Were ThreeX-Art.2012-1211√Ivana in Miss Me NotX-Art.2012-1213√Addison in Unforgettable View Part IIX-Art.2012-1215√Baby & Mira in Lipstick LesbiansX-Art.2012-1218√Gianna in A Love StoryX-Art.2012-1221√Baby in Sent From HeavenX-Art.2012-1223√Beatrice in A Girls FantasyX-Art.2012-1225√Angelica in Naughty & NiceX-Art.2012-1228√Baby in Together AgainX-Art.2012-1231√Angie in Morning DesiresX-Art.2013-0104√Clover in Sweetest DreamsX-Art.2013-0107√Ivy in Spur of the MomentX-Art.2013-0111√Susie & Clover in Warm InsideX-Art.2013-0115√Baby in Want YouX-Art.2013-0118√Mira in Yoga Master & StudentX-Art.2013-0123√Angelica in A Little Rain Must Fall X-Art.2013-0127√Mary in Afternoon SoloX-Art.2013-0130√Kristen in Working Out Together X-Art.2013-0202√Addison & Gianna in Seeing Double X-Art.2013-0205√Eufrat & Angelica in Deep Longing X-Art.2013-0207√Connie in Sacred RomanceX-Art.2013-0212√Caprice in A Girl Like YouX-Art.2013-0215√Mary & Anneli in Afternoon Picnic X-Art.2013-0216√Kaylee in Apartment in MadridX-Art.2013-0219√Lisa in InvisibleX-Art.2013-0222√Lia in Black & WhiteX-Art.2013-0224√Lexi in Ready For BedX-Art.2013-0226√Tiffany F in Tuesday MorningX-Art.2013-0303√kaylee Mad PassionX-Art.2013-0305√Beatrice Two Boys and a GirlX-Art.2013-0306√Mia M Red SatinX-Art.2013-0308√Angelica Spilled MilkX-Art.X-Art.X-Art.X-Art.X-Art.X-Art.X-Art.X-Art.X-Art.X-Art.X-Art.X-Art.X-Art.X-Art.X-Art.X-Art.X-Art.X-Art.X-Art. X-Art. X-Art. X-Art. X-Art. X-Art. X-Art. X-Art..1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p.1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p.1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p.1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p.1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p.1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p.1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p.1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p .1080p。

与Japanese联想的单词polite [pə'lait]有礼貌的Japanese are considered to be polite all the time.一般认为日本人总是很有礼貌。

manner ['mænə]礼仪respectful [ri'spektful] 恭敬的cherry blossom 樱花Cherry blossom is the national flower of Japan.樱花是日本的国花。

cherry ['tʃeri] 樱桃national flower国花cartoon [kɑ:'tu:n]卡通He is a big fan of Japanese cartoons.他是个日本卡通迷。

animation [,æni'meiʃən]动画imagination [i,mædʒi'neiʃən]想象力comic ['kɔmik] 漫画He has been collecting this comic series for years.他收藏这系列的漫画书已经好几年了。

illustrator ['iləstreitə插图画家Sketch [sketʃ] 素摧hot spring 温泉Japan is famous for the hot spring.日本以温泉著名。

fountain ['fauntin]泉水-------------------------------------------------------------与Japanese联想的短语:all manner of各式各样，形形色色in a manner of speaking不妨说，在某种意义上by no manner of means绝不I will by no manner of means put up with such insults. 我绝不会容忍这种侮辱。

CG画像美少女游戏制作公司主页列表３４件ーーーーーあーーーーアイル/品牌名：アイルwebmaster@actress.ne.jpアクトレス開発室http://www.actress.ne.jp/品牌名：アクトレスadmin@assemblage.co.jpアセンブラージュhttp://www.assemblage.co.jp/品牌名：アセンブラージュsales@Alice Softhttp://www.alicesoft.co.jp/品牌名：アリスソフトwebmaster@altacia.co.jp ALTACHIAhttp://www.altacia.co.jp/品牌名：ALTACHIAego@イージーオーhttp://ego.product.co.jp/品牌名：イージーオーillusion@illusion.jpILLUSIONhttp://www.illusion.jp/品牌名：ILLUSION★とても綺麗mail@interheart.co.jpインターハートhttp://www.interheart.co.jp品牌名：インターハートーーーーーーうーーーーーーーーーーーーーーeushully@phoenix-c.or.jpEushullyhttp://www.phoenix-c.or.jp/~eushully/品牌名：Eushullyelement@escude.co.jpELEMENThttp://www.escude.co.jp/品牌名：Escudehttps://fandc.co.jp/engine/module/contact/action/general/ F&Chttp://www.fandc.co.jp/品牌名：F&Cwebmaster@Overflow/品牌名：Overflowーーーーーーーーーーーかーーーーーーーーーーwww@will-japan.co.jpGuilty Sweet Basil rufhttp://www.will-japan.co.jp/品牌名：Guilty Sweet Basil rufcrowd@lares.dti.ne.jpCROWDhttp://www.sis.iowave.co.jp/crowd/index.html 品牌名：CROWDsupport@birdland.co.jp[k]RIMZON FAKEhttp://www.birdland.co.jp/k_fake/品牌名：[k]RIMZON FAKEーーーーーーーーーーーーーさーーーーー--------------------------------------------以上完了-------------------------------------circus_g@nandemo.gr.jpCIRCUShttp://www.nandemo.gr.jp/~circus/品牌名：CIRCUSsupport@Studio Air/air/品牌名：Studio Airwebmaster@st-line.co.jpStudio Line&Terioshttp://www.st-line.co.jp/品牌名：Studio Lineーーーーーーーーーーーーせーーーーーーsophia@a-sophia.co.jpSophiahttp://www.a-sophia.co.jp/品牌名：Sophiainfo@softpal.co.jpSOFTPALhttp://www.softpal.co.jp/品牌名：有限会社ソフパルーーーーーーーーーーーーーーたーーーーーーーーーinfo@do-game.co.jpD.O.⇔http://www.do-game.co.jp/品牌名：株式会社D.O.office@digianime.co.jpdigi Anime corporationhttp://www.digianime.co.jp/品牌名：デジアニメコーポレイションwebmaster@topcat.tcTOPCAThttp://www.topcat.tc/品牌名：TOPCATnikukyuu@alpha-jp.co.jpにくきゅうhttp://www.alpha-jp.co.jp/~nikukyuu/品牌名：にくきゅうーーーーーーーーはーーーーーーwebmaster@ PANDA HOUSE/品牌名：有限会社ぱんだはうすbonbee@product.co.jpBonbee!http://bonbee.product.co.jp/品牌名：Bonbee!ーーーーーーまーーーーーーーーーumesoft@ume.gr.jpU・Me SOFThttp://www.ume.gr.jp/品牌名：ユーミソフトwebmaster@liar.co.jpライアーソフトhttp://www.liar.co.jp/品牌名：ライアーソフトsupport@light.gr.jplighthttp://www.light.gr.jp/品牌名：lightram@product.co.jpRAM⇔http://ram.product.co.jp/品牌名：RAMrave-aki@remus.dti.ne.jpRA VEhttp://www.remus.dti.ne.jp/~rave-aki/ 品牌名：RA VEwebmaster@RAIN SOFT/品牌名：RAIN SOFT。

Japanese III The objective of Pimsleur's Japanese programs (I, II, & III) is to introduce you to the language and culture of another country primarily through your ears, and only secondarily through your eyes. This approach is based upon the fact that more than 95 percent of our lives is spent in listening and talking - and less than five percent in reading and writing. The most effective and productive way to begin acquiring these necessary communication skills is by actually working with the "language in use," as demonstrated by native speakers of the language being learned.Efficiency is greatly increased when what you learn first is the most-frequently-used structures and vocabulary, so that you practice with the basic communication tools you require every day.This carefully-selected "core-language" keeps you focused entirely on the vocabulary and structures you need for daily communication. This is self-motivating because you will begin to speak immediately and successfully.As you learn the language you are absorbing the culture. Language and culture are so closely intertwined that learning them separately can make you literally "culturally-deprived" and unable to produce appropriate and meaningful language. For this reason you must carefully notice the different (read "cultural") ways the Japanese "act" in the various situations you will experience as you proceed through the units of this course. Being sensitive to "who is doing what to whom, and why," is what you have learned to do almost unconsciously in your native tongue - you will have this same sense of "awareness" as you gain proficiency in your new language.This implicit instruction will come from the audio sessions, as you learn to identify the intonation and melody of the speakers. We provide this booklet to provide additional explicit instruction to further confirm what you have learned.Acquiring the culture, "the map of the territory," is like acquiring the terminology of a subject: it enables you to operate as a fellow member in that society. Your success in working with native speakers of Japanese will depend upon how sensitive you become to the accumulated heritage that is Japan.tsuyu - The Rainy Season in Japantsuyu is the word which refers to the annual rainy season in Japan. The beginning of the rainy season varies, depending on the region. In Okinawa, where it begins earliest, you may expect to have a lot of rainy days from early May to early June. In the southernmost island of Kyuushuu, it starts about one month later, i.e., from early June to early July. If you go all the way up to the Tohoku region,the northernmost part of the island of Honshu, the rainy season begins in mid-June and ends a month later.The northernmost island of Hokkaido does not have a rainy season. Unlike the rainy season in Southeast Asia, where they get heavy rain every day for a set time, the Japanese tsuyu is characterized by many consecutive drizzly days, with occasional days of severe weather. Heavy rains sometimes cause floods and landslides, and several casualties are reported every year. Although the description of such weather sounds rather gloomy, the rain is essential to growing rice, the Japanese staple. The amount of rainfall during the tsuyu affects not only the farmers, but the entire national economy. The rain is welcomed, despite the gloomy feelings and the possibility of disaster it can bring. You may enjoy yourself far more, however, if you can avoid traveling to Japan during the rainy season.Self-Introduction, Japanese-StyleWhen Diane Jackson introduced herself, she said the name of her company first, followed by her name:mitsubishi ginkoo no Diane Jackson to mooshimasu. In the past, Japanese society tended to place attainment of the company goal above the individual's. This tendency, however, may often be over-stressed in cross-cultural comparative analyses, as in fact it seems to be changing rapidly in today's Japanese society. The long-standing social habits are persistent, however, and you will notice that most Japanese people will announce their company or school names followed by their individual names in self-introductions.It may be hard for you to understand what the person actually does in the company, since asking his ⁄ her title, position, or rank, is not easy. That is one of the reasons why the Japanese almost always exchange their business cards immediately upon meeting someone. The company name, the person's position, and the individual name are all written on the small piece of paper, and the Japanese feel comfortable letting the card represent them.The business card, meishi, is extremely important in all business situations. It is absolutely necessary to have a stack of meishi at all times. Having your meishi made in two languages, one side in English and the other in Japanese, will be very useful. Normally, a younger or lower-ranking person will offer his card first, turned so the other person can read it immediately. After exchanging your meishi with someone, you need to carefully - and slowly - study the information on the card you have been given. It is also considered good manners to leave the other person's meishi on the table throughout the meeting so you can always refer to the information on the card.Making Compliments in JapaneseIn the beginning conversation of this unit, Mr. Jameson was complimented on his Japanese: Jameson san, nihongo ga jozu desu ne! He, of course, responded "No, not yet." This type of exchange is used in a variety of situations. It is considered proper etiquette to compliment someone you know,particularly when the relationship is formal and still in an early stage of development.You will find that the Japanese are very good at finding things to praise: the place you live, your garden, your clothes, your haircut, hairdo, and even hair color, as well as many other things that are not necessarily the outcome of your own efforts. The Japanese will often compliment you on your use of chopsticks since they believe that Westerners never eat with chopsticks. They are most likely to say how good your Japanese is even when you say only a few, fundamentalwords.In all cases it is both appropriate and polite to respond with a humble disclaimer.kokusaika - The International Boom in JapanIn today's age of internationalization, the exchange of goods, information, and people on the global scale has become quite common. Living in an island country with no shared borders, it is only recently that the Japanese have begun to explore trade relationships with people from other parts of the world and to value the technology and people skills that will facilitate such interactions. This growing trend accounts for the Japanese interest in kokusaika or "internationalization."You will notice that there are many English conversation schools in the cities and towns. Many colleges and other educational facilities, such as community centers, also place their focus on developing English language skills. People who actually possess appropriate skills and experiences are highly valued. Being a native speaker of English, you may even be approached in the street by complete strangers who would like to test their ability to communicate in English.Asking and Answering a Question with an "Incomplete Sentence"Taylor san, oshigoto wa? literally translated, asks "Mr. Taylor, your job...?" This is not a complete sentence, but rather the first half of Taylor san, oshigoto wa nan desu ka? In Japanese communication,seemingly incomplete "sentences" are often used and,in this case, nan desu ka is left to be understood.The full sentence sometimes is considered too formal and rigid in casual conversation. Such a question might sound to the Japanese as though Mr. Taylor were being questioned in court. Since incomplete sentences are a Japanese communication skill, you will do well responding to another person as soon as you have recognized the question, rather than waiting and expecting him ⁄ her to finish the sentence.Friendly People in Service IndustriesPeople in service industries in Japan, such as department stores, restaurants, hotels, and travel agencies, are generally very kind and eager to help their customers. They try to please you by smiling and speaking in polite language. Theygreet you by saying irasshaimase meaning "Welcome," or "Thank you for coming." In a department store, you will find an elevator operator who will greet you as you step in, ask you what floor you would like to go to, and press the button for you. Sometimes American visitors to Japan mistake the professional courtesy as a personal offer of friendship. You should remember that it is generally a "service makeup" and may not always represent personal interest in you. Misreading someone's friendly facade may sometimes lead to an embarrassing situation.Beer in JapanBeer has become the most popular drink in Japan. You will find it served in virtually every restaurant,whether casual or formal; in small food stands at such places as baseball stadiums and train stations; and even in the street. There are many vending machines for beer as well. Some restaurants favor one brand of beer over another, and you may not always be able to find your favorite brand. There are not nearly as many different brands of beer in Japan as thereare in the U.S.The most popular are:Asahi,Kirin, Sapporo, Suntory, and Yebisu. In each brand there are several kinds available, such as lager, draft, and dark draft. Draft beer is particularly popular in Japan. Most breweries have restaurants attached totheir plants where fresh draft beer is served. Another interesting thing you will find is "beer gardens," usually on the roofs of buildings in large cities. They are usually open from May to October, and they attract a large number of people on their way home from work. Drinking beer with your Japanese acquaintances may help develop personal and business relationships.English Loan-WordsIn this unit you heard nooto (notebook) and booru pen (ballpoint pen), words that were taken from English, which have been adopted in Japanese. In conversations between business associates, there are likely to be a number of such words. It is sometimes difficult to recognize these words, as they are pronounced very differently; the words are often shortened; and they often have slightly different meanings than in English. kopii can refer to a photocopy of a document, a copy machine,or even advertising copy. pokeberu is a "pocket bell," a Japanese expression for a pager.eakon is short forair conditioner,apo for appointment,purezen comes from presentation, and nego from negotiation.naitaa is a combination of "night" and "er" and is used for a night baseball game. Although these words originally come from English, they are often difficult for native speakers of English to understand. This is sometimes frustrating to the Japanese speakers who believe that they are using "English words" as they would be used in communication among native speakers of English.Vacations in JapanTraveling and camping are some of the typical ways for the Japanese to spend their leisure time. There is a major difference, however, in the way vacations are perceived in Japan and in the West. In Japan, most vacations are taken throughout the country during three "vacation periods" which coincide with three major national holidays. The first one is from the end of April to the beginning of May, which is actually a series of different national holidays and is known as "Golden Week." The second vacation time is in the middle of school summer vacation in mid-August and coincides with the "Obon festival," a Buddhist holiday to worship dead souls. And the last one is at the end of the year when people return to their hometowns to celebrate the beginning of a new year with their relatives. You may want to think twice about traveling to Japan at these times as it is extremely hard to make reservations for transportation or lodging then.onsenIn this unit you were introduced to the onsen or "hot spring." The Japanese are very fond of bathing in hot springs. The hot water that comes out of each spring is classified by its content, varying in such qualities as the amount of iron, sulfur, and magnesium it contains, as well as the degree of transparency. You will find a number of hotels, with various other leisure facilities, established around the hot springs, which serve as tourist centers. They are advertised according to the effects thatthe hot springs are expected to bring. Some of them are said to be good for the treatment of neuralgia, rheumatism, and healing external wounds; some are expected to help you keep your skin youthful and moist. Many Japanese enjoy a relaxing overnight trip to a hot spring resort with their families, a group of friends,or co-workers.As a visitor to Japan, you need to be prepared for your first trip to a hot spring. Before you jump into the bath, you have to thoroughly wash your body outside of the bath, and only after that can you go into the swimming-pool-size bath which is shared by many other people. The temperature of the water is around 105 ° F, considerably hotter than in America, and, as in hot tubs, one generally should not stay in too long.Staying in a ryokan, a Japanese-style InnWhile in Japan you may want to consider staying at a traditional Japanese-style inn called a ryokan.While there are many Western-style hotels in the urban areas across the country, in the remote resort areas, you will find primarily ryokan and very few hotels.After checking in at a ryokan, you will be escorted to your tatami (straw mat) room by a kimono-wearing woman who will carry your luggage for you. She is usually assigned to several rooms and is in charge of making the guests' stay as comfortable as it can be. In your room she will serve you a cup of tea as a welcome and give you basic information about the hotel, such as the locations of fire exits and other facilities. Before leaving the room, she will then ask you what time you would like to have dinner. If you wish to tip, this is the right moment to do so. You are tipping for the hospitality in advance rather than for the service already provided.Dinner is usually delivered to your room, and it consists of a number of small dishes of fish,meat,and vegetables that are specialties in the particular area. You will be asked what you wish to drink. After dinner you may choose to take a walk, watch TV (which you will find in your room), go to a bar, or do some shopping in a souvenir store in the ryokan. In most ryokan, particularly in hot spring resort areas,there is a large public bath. You may go native and try relaxing along with other Japanese tourists. Should you decide not to use the public bath, however, you may use the one in your room.In the evening, the "futon crew" will set up a futon in your room (a Japanese-style mattress which is spread on the floor). Your hostess will ask you what time you wish to have your breakfast the next day.Most ryokan in Japan are quite hospitable, offering extended personal services to their guests, and the price for a night in a ryokan is comparable to staying in a Western-style hotel. The bill will typically include a one-night stay, dinner, and breakfast.Communication Technologies in JapanRapid technological advances in the comunications field have been noticeable in Japan in recent years. While many people in America carry cellular phones, you will notice that in Japan an even wider range of people, including high school students, do so regularly. The PHS, an acronym for "personal handy phone system," has become readily available at a low cost, and now one out of every five Japanese has a portable phone.Fax machines can be seen in many households, and even small children sometimes exchange their homework with friends via fax. Computers are also readily available at prices roughly equivalent to those in the U.S. Since the machines are designed to function in Japanese as well as in English, you can imagine how much more complicated the machine has to be with all the characters!! In addition to the popular machines such as IBM and Mac, you will find several Japanese-made computers that include Fujitsu, NEC, and Hitachi. They are Windows or Mac compatible, and you should have no trouble finding a machine that allows you to use your American software.Many young people, particularly female high school students, have "pocket bells," a Japanese term for pagers. They not only allow you to page another person who has the pocket size machine, but also to send a brief message from a regular phone by pressing buttons that correspond to letters. A special chart is needed to figure out the appropriate buttons to use. You may be startled to see youngsters madly pressing the buttons of a pay phone. You will be even more surprised to find out that they sometimes make friends by randomly dialing numbers that are likely to connect them to someone's pager, and they may continue their "friendship" by exchanging brief messages without ever meeting each other in person! The technological advances in communication hardware have certainly introduced a new dimension to personal relationships in Japan.goro⁄guraiIn this unit, the woman asked the man how to get to the American Embassy and also how long it would take to get there. She asked, dono gurai kakarimasu ka? and the man responded nijuppun gurai desu.gurai means "about" or "approximately," and it is used in a variety of contexts. It has been stressed a number of times that the Japanese tend to be flexible in their communication.gurai is another example. It can be used both in questions, such as dono gurai kakarimasu ka? and in responses, such as nijuppun gurai desu. Rather than expressing a lack of commitment or an uncertainty, this indicates that the answer is probably correct, but is subject to other outside influences beyond the speaker's control. Thus, when a Japanese says, nijuppun gurai desu, s⁄he implies, "I believe that it will probably take about twenty minutes, but I could be wrong because of the traffic and other conditions. If I am wrong, I am sorry."goro also means "about," but it is used only in conjunction with telling time: hachi ji goro or "about eight o'clock."Calling Home from JapanYou are likely to make phone calls to someone in the U.S. while you are in Japan. Credit card calls are not readily made from Japanese pay phones. Instead, you are encouraged to purchase prepaid "phone cards." There are several kinds of cards available, depending on how much credit you would like to purchase. The most popular are 500 yen and 1,000 yen cards. Someconvenience stores sell 3,000 yen and 5,000 yen cards specifically for international phone calls. You must use the gray pay phones to make international calls. The green ones which you will find in many places are for domestic calls only. In order to place a call, you first insert the prepaid card. The amount of credit that is left on the card will be displayed on the phone. Then you dial 001 for an international call, followed by the country code (1 for the U.S. and Canada) the area code; and the number. The connections are usually very good and you will find it very easy to call abroad.The Weather as a Topic for Small TalkAs is the case in conversation between Americans, the weather makes a nice topic for small talk that helps break the ice and makes it easy to initiate a conversation with just about any Japanese, including a complete stranger. Generally speaking, Japan has four distinct seasons, and the climatic change from one season to another is usually predictable.While the Japanese ordinarily use the Western calendar system, they tend to follow the lunar calendar for traditional festivals, for rice farming, and as a guide for seasonal changes of weather.For instance,February 4 on the lunar calendar marks the beginning of spring, when in fact it is in the middle of winter. It is a good month before it actually gets warm in many parts of Japan. Psychologically, however, many people in Japan feel relieved on that day, prepared to welcome a warmer and more colorful season than the cold, damp, gray winter that they have put up with until then. From that day on, atatakaku narimashita ne or "It's gotten warmer, hasn't it" is an appropriate expression for greeting someone.Likewise, August 7 is considered to be the beginning of fall, although it is still very hot in Japan, except in the northern regions such as Hokkaido. The Japanese exchange mid-summer post cards, inquiring how their friends are doing and wishing one another good health during the hot summer. After August 7 the card is called a "late summer greeting card," instead of "hot season inquiry card," which is the name used for the card through August 6. In sum, the Japanese are generally keen on weather, and it makes a good topic for an initial conversation, with slight variations in temperature being noted and commented on.Getting Sick in JapanJones san in this unit was not feeling well. She seems to have a cold with a headache and also a sore throat. Getting sick in a foreign country, where you do not have sufficient language ability to communicate effectively, may add to your anxiety. Here are some useful words you may need to use when describing your symptoms to a doctor, pharmacist, or friends. When you have a cold, you can simply say kaze desu, which literally means "It is a cold." kaze also means a wind,and the Japanese may associate the typical winter disease with strong winds. itai means a pain or "hurts," so when you have a pain or an ache, you say itai after the part of your body that hurts: atama ga itai(head hurts - "I have a headache"), nodo ga itai (throat hurts - "I have a sore throat"), onaka ga itai(stomach hurts - "I have a stomach ache"), ashi ga itai (foot or leg hurts), ha ga itai (a tooth hurts), etc.There are, of course, other symptoms that are more complicated and difficult to describe. When you have a fever, you say netsu ga arimasu ("I have a fever"). Note that in Japan the temperature is given in Centigrade, and the normal temperature of 98.6 degrees F translates into 37 degrees C. If you have diarrhea, you need to say geri desu. benpi means constipation. If you got sick and vomited, you would say modoshi mashita, which literally means "I have returned it." You do not wantto have to use these expressions while in Japan, but not knowing them at all when you have to is even worse. You should try to remember the minimal expressions.kaigi (Meetings) in JapanAs is sometimes the case in U.S. organizations, Japanese business meetings are frequent and long.But given the Japanese people's concern for harmony, avoiding face loss, and their indirect manner of communication, their meetings are often much longer than their U.S. counterparts. These meetings can be stressful for Americans seeking rapid resolutions to questions and problems. If you are to conduct business with the Japanese, you should be prepared for what often appears to Americans to be a waste of time and manpower. Since direct confrontation is not the Japanese way of dealing with conflict, meetings are viewed as places providing the opportunity to sense the general direction of people's ideas, rather than as places for argument and debate. The Japanese view a decision as something that emerges by itself after a long discussion, whereas Americans tend to think they "make" decisions. The Japanese say kimaru, which is a passive form for "make"; they seldom say kimeru, the active form. You may at times be frustrated by the Japanese people's seemingly slow process toward a decision, but to succeed in business in Japan you will have to adopt a similar style.tokorodetokorode is a word used to introduce a new topic in a conversation. Its closest English translation is "by the way." tokorode, however, carries a subtly different nuance than that of "by the way." Not only does it introduce a new and different topic, but it also implies to the listener that the new topic may be somewhat uncomfortable and displeasing. Since the topic is likely to be annoying, the speaker attempts to prepare the listener for it by signifying with tokorode that the topic may not be mutually pleasing. You need to pay specially close attention to what a Japanese speaker has to say following tokorode, as this is yet another communication device that many Japanese use in their interpersonal relationships to avoid causing loss of face.kobanToday there are police boxes in every city and town in Japan, and they are a major factor in the world-renowned safety of Japan's streets. Besides watching over what is going on in their neighborhoods, the policemen stationed in the koban also serve as sources of information for people looking for addresses in the area.Male ⁄ Female Patterns of SpeechGender affects the manner of communication in any culture. However, the sex of the speaker is reflected more clearly in Japanese communication than in English. There are some small gender differences in English, such as more frequent use of tag questions (confirming questions, such as, "Doesn't it?") and equivocal expressions by female speakers than male. However, in Japanese you can tell almost immediately whether the speaker is a man or a woman, as there are features specifically used only by either a male or a female speaker. A Japanese woman's speech is considered to be more "polite." To illustrate, when a sentence ends with wa as in kyo wa ii tenki da wa (Today is a fine day), it is said by a woman. A male speaker would leave out the wa at the end of the sentence and simply say kyo wa ii tenki da. kashira at the end of a question is also typically used by a woman: kore karite ii kashira? (Is it all right if I use this?) The male counterpart in the same situation would ask, kore karite ii kana? Women also tend to attach the polite "o" at the beginning of many words which mendo not feel necessary.Women say ohashi for chopsticks and ogenkan for an entrance to the house, just to name a few. With the influence of the younger generation, however, the distinction between male and female patterns of speech is becoming less clear in Japanese society. You, as a foreign speaker of the Japanese language, do not need to worry so much about making gender related mistakes, and the expressions you have learned in this course are gender-free and may be used by both male and female speakers.Unit 78Traveling in GroupsYou may have noted the Japanese preference for doing things in groups. This tendency is prevalent in many social contexts: education, business, politics, and recreation as well. You will notice that almost everywhere you go in Japan, people travel in groups. While many Americans take advantage of package group tours, the Japanese do so far more frequently when traveling abroad. They generally find it more secure and comfortable to travel with a group of friends, co-workers, alumni from the same high school, etc., especially to a place where they have never been before. Though comfortable and secure, such groups tend to only make brief stops at famous spots filled with other tourists, to allow the group members to stay only at hotels where there is Japanese speaking staff, and to eat at restaurants where the food is not extremely "foreign," which sometimes means eating at a sushi restaurant in New York City, for instance. You may wonder to what extent, if at all, they can experience the culture through direct contact with the local people. It is difficult and they usually end up speaking Japanese to one another, eating Japanese food, and even reading Japanese newspapers while away from home. If you encounter such a group in the U.S., you may get a very positive response if you try out your Japanese language skills on them.Ancient Capitals: Nara and KyotoIn this unit we visited the city of Nara, which is located 25 miles east of Osaka, or some 250 miles west of Tokyo. Nara was the capital of Japan between 710 and 784. The city still retains the atmosphere of ancient Japan. Many Buddhist temples and artifacts, including the Daibutsu of Nara, or Great Buddha, a 72-foot giant statue dating from the eighth century, attract many foreign and Japanese tourists. Its relatively serene atmosphere is particularly attractive during the fall when the leaves turn bright yellow and red.Another well-known place to visit in the same region is Kyoto. It was the national capital as well as the place of residence of the Japanese imperial family for more than 1,000 years, from 794 to 1868. Kyoto is indeed the center of Japanese culture and of Buddhism in Japan. Many Buddhist temples and shrines that have been meticulously maintained over the years are easily accessible by bus or taxi. One of the most famous is Kinkakuji, or the Temple of the Gold Pavilion, which is literally covered with gold leaves.Kyoto is only two and a half hours away from Tokyo by the Shinkansen Bullet Train, and Nara is another thirty-minute ride from Kyoto. When you visit Japan, be sure to visit at least one of the ancient capitals.Commuting to Work in JapanIn this unit two colleagues were talking about commuting to work. In large cities in Japan, such as Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya, and Osaka, figuring out the best way to go to and from work is a serious matter. Riding a crowded train for two hours each way is not unusual in the metropolitan Tokyo area, since the price of land is extremely high and people are forced to live in the remote suburbs. If you decide to commute by car, which may give you more privacy, finding a parking space in the center of a large city is both difficult and very expensive. With the heavy traffic, it may take you as much as half an hour to go just a few miles during the rush hours. A popular alternative for many people is a bicycle. Many people ride their bicycles from home to the nearby station, leave them in a bicycle parking lot for which they pay a monthly fee, and change to a train. The parking lot is much like "Park & Go" in the U.S. You will see some people resorting to yet another alternative: running. Both for pragmatic and health reasons, there are some people who run to and from work, carrying office clothes in backpacks and changing after they get to work.。