《过秦论》(含逐字逐句翻译)

《过秦论》(含逐字逐句翻译)

作者：贾谊

【上篇】

秦孝公据崤函之固，拥雍州之地，君臣固守以窥周室，有席卷天

下，包举宇内，囊括四海之意，并吞八荒之心。

Qin Xiaogong occupied the strong position of Xihan and

Hanguguan, possessed the land of Yongzhou, the king and his

ministers firmly defended it to spy on the Zhou dynasty, had

the intention of sweeping the world, conquering the whole

country, contning the four seas, and swallowing the eight

wildernesses.

当是时也，商君佐之，内立法度，务耕织，修守战之具；外连衡

而斗诸侯。于是秦人拱手而取西河之外。

At that time, Shang Yang assisted him, established laws

internally, promoted agriculture and weaving, prepared

defense and war equipment; allied with some states and fought

agnst others externally. Thus, the Qin people easily took the

land beyond the west river.孝公既没，惠文、武、昭襄蒙故业，因遗策，南取汉中，西举巴

、蜀，东割膏腴之地，北收要害之郡。

After Xiaogong died, Huiwen, Wu, and Zhaoxiang inherited

his legacy, followed his strategy, took Hanzhong to the

south, conquered Ba and Shu to the west, cut off the fertile

land to the east, and collected the vital counties to the

north.

诸侯恐怖，会盟而谋弱秦，不爱珍器重宝肥饶之地，以致天下之

士，合从缔交，相与为一。

The other feudal lords were afrd, held a meeting and

planned to weaken Qin, did not care about precious utensils,

treasures, and rich lands, in order to attract the talents of

the world, formed alliances and agreements, and united as

one.

当此之时，齐有孟尝，赵有平原，楚有春申，魏有信陵。此四君

者皆明智而忠信，宽厚而爱人，尊贤而重士，约从离衡，兼韩、魏、

燕、楚、齐、赵、宋、卫、中山之众。

At this time, Qi had Mengchang, Zhao had Pingyuan, Chu

had Chunshen, Wei had Xinling. These four lords were all wise and loyal, generous and benevolent, respectful of the worthy

and appreciative of the talented, joined together agnst Qin's

hegemony, and gathered the forces of Han, Wei, Yan, Chu, Qi,

Zhao, Song, Wei, and Zhongshan.

于是六国之士，有宁越、徐尚、苏秦、杜赫之属为之谋；齐明、

周最、陈轸、召滑、楼缓、翟景、苏厉、乐毅之徒通其意；吴起、孙

膑、带佗、倪良、王廖、田忌、廉颇、赵奢之伦制其兵。

Thus, among the six states' men of arms, there were Ning

Yue, Xu Shang, Su Qin, Du He and others who made plans for

them; Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Chen Zhen, Zhao Hua, Lou Huan, Di

Jing, Su Li, Yue Yi and others who communicated their

intentions; Wu Qi, Sun Bin, D Tuo,

Ni Liang,

Wang Liao,

Tian Ji,

Lian Po,

Zhao She

and others who commanded their troops.尝以十倍之地，百万之师，叩关而攻秦。秦人开关延敌，九国之

师，逡巡而不敢进。秦无亡矢遗镞之费，而天下诸侯已困矣。

They once had ten times the land and a million soldiers,

knocked on the gate and attacked Qin. The Qin people opened

the gate and lured the enemy, the nine states' army hesitated

and did not dare to enter. Qin did not lose any arrows or

arrowheads, but the feudal lords of the world were already

exhausted.

于是从散约败，争割地而赂秦。秦有余力而制其弊，追亡逐北，

伏尸百万，流血漂橹。因利乘便，宰割天下，分裂山河。

Thus, they dispersed and broke their alliance, competed

to cede land and bribe Qin. Qin had surplus strength and

exploited their weakness, pursued and chased them to the

north, killed a million people, blood flowed and shields

floated. Taking advantage of the situation, they slaughtered

the world, divided the mountns and rivers.

强国请服，弱国入朝。延及孝文王、庄襄王，享国之日浅，国家

无事。The strong states surrendered, the weak states pd

tribute. Until Xiaowen Wang and Zhuangxiang Wang, their

reigns were short, the state had no trouble.

及至始皇，奋六世之余烈，振长策而御宇内，吞二周而亡诸侯，

履至尊而制六合，执敲扑而鞭笞天下，威振四海。

When Shihuang came to power, he exerted the remning

strength of six generations, wielded his grand strategy and

ruled the country, swallowed the two Zhou dynasties and

eliminated the feudal lords, ascended to the supreme position

and controlled the six directions, held torture instruments

and whipped the world, his power shook the four seas.

南取百越之地，以为桂林、象郡；百越之君，俯首系颈，委命下

吏。乃使蒙恬北筑长城而守藩篱，却匈奴七百余里；胡人不敢南下而

牧马，士不敢弯弓而报怨。

He took the land of Byue to the south, and made it into

Guilin and Xiangjun; the kings of Byue bowed their heads and

tied their necks, entrusted their lives to his officials. He

sent Meng Tian to build the Great Wall to the north and guard

the border, pushed back the Xiongnu for more than seven hundred li; the barbarians did not dare to come down south

and graze their horses, the warriors did not dare to bend

their bows and seek revenge.

于是废先王之道，焚百家之言，以愚黔首；隳名城，杀豪杰；收

天下之兵，聚之咸阳，销锋镝，铸以为金人十二，以弱天下之民。

Then he abolished the way of the ancient kings, burned

the books of a hundred schools of thought, to make the people

ignorant; destroyed famous cities, killed heroes; collected

the weapons of the world, gathered them in Xianyang, melted

their blades and arrowheads, cast them into twelve golden

statues, to weaken the people of the world.

然后践华为城，因河为池，据亿丈之城，临不测之渊以为固。良

将劲弩守要害之处，信臣精卒陈利兵而谁何。

Then he stepped on Mount Hua to build a city, used the

river as a moat, occupied a city with a billion zhang high

wall, faced an unfathomable abyss as a defense. Good generals

held strong crossbows to guard the vital points, loyal

ministers and elite soldiers displayed sharp weapons to deter