自然拼读法的基本规则(全面总结)

自然拼读法的基本规则

48个国际音标

长元音 /ɑ:/ /ɔ:/ /ɜ:/ /i:/ /u:/

短元音 /ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /e/ /æ/

双元音/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/

轻辅音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/

浊辅音/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/

轻辅音/ʃ/ /h/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/

浊辅音/ʒ/ /r/ /dz/ /dʒ/ /dr/

鼻音/m/ /n/ /ŋ/

半元音/j/ / w/

边音/ǀ/

48个英语音标犹如60个汉语拼音，只要熟练地掌握了它们，对学习英语的作用是相当大的。

语音知识:

1) 字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u

2) 音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48个音素，即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素.

3) 元音音素：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音。

4) 辅音音素：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。

5) 音节：由元音音素和辅音音素构成的发音单位。含有一个元音音素的声音片段就是一个音节。例如：hi,mom，first单音节词，stu'dent，tea'cher，un'der'stand多音节词。音节的划分对于单词的读音至关重要，我们所要学习的自然拼读发音规律，其实都是针对单音节单词的，对于多音节单词，我们要先把单词划分成为一个一个的音节，然后在对每个音节应用自然平度发音规律。

6) 开音节：

① 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due;

② 辅音+元音 he，go，hi。

7) 闭音节：

①辅音+元音+辅音 bad，bed，sit，hot，cup;

②元音+辅音it。

8) 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。

字母或字母组合与音素之间的对应规则大揭秘

（1）辅音字母的读音：

①音形一致的字母和字母组合：b[b] ,p [p], m[ m], f [ f], d [d], t[t], n[n], l [ l ],

g [g], k [k], h [h], r [r], v [v], w [w], z [z], dr [ dr] dress, tr

[tr]tree, ts [ts] cats

②音形不一致的字母： c [k] [s] call,city，g[g] [dʒ]get,geography ,

j

[dʒ ]jacket,enjoy, x [ks] [gz]box,exam, y [j]yellow, s [s]

[z]

some,always

③最常见的辅音字母组合的拼读：sh [ʃ ] shoe,finish, ch [tʃ]chair,teacher

th[θ][ð] think,brother, ph[f]photo, ck[k]black ,

kn[n]know,knife,

ng[ŋ]long, qu[ kw]question,queen, tch [tʃ]watch,catch, wh

[w]

[h]what,who, wr [r]write,wrong, ds [dz]beds

④常见辅音词头： bl-[bl]blue, br-[br]bread, gl-[gl]glass ,gr-[gr]great,

kl- [kl-]clean ,kr-[kr]cross ,fl-,fr-,pl-,pr-,sk-,sl-,sm-,sn-,sp-,st-,str-,sw-

⑤常见辅音词尾：-ple[-pl]apple ,-ble[-bl]table , -tle/ttle[-tl]little,

-dle/ddle [-dl]middle,-cle[-kl]uncle, -ften[-fn]often,

-son/sson[-sn]

[-zn]lesson,season

-ven[-vn]seven ⑥另外，单词中有些时候辅音字母会不发音。

b在t,m后，不发音doubt,climb,tomb

g在n前不发音sign,design,resign

h在词首不发音hour,honor

l在f,k,m前一般不发音 calf,talk,clam,在could里也没有发音

⑦另还需特说明一下辅音字母y的发音：

y在词首时，通常发辅音[j] yes，yellow

当y在单词词尾，而且这个单词里面没有其他元音字母时，此时y通常发元音音素/aɪ/my,sky,cry

而当y在一个较长一些的单词词尾时，这个单词里面没有其他元音时，y通常发元音音素 /i:/baby,city,hurry,cherry

（2.）元音字母的读音：

①开音节的拼读：

A 发字母本身音[ei] age, ate, name, cake, lake, take, make, game,

gave,

made, late, came, bate, date, face, gate, hate, page, race, same,

tame,

wake, gave, famous, lady, bake等。

E发字母本身音[i:] be, these, me, he, she, we, 等。

I发字母本身音[ai] I ,bike, China, like, fine, five, kite, nice, wide, Friday, ride,

white, write, Chinese, ice, line, mine, life, idea, nine, 等。

O发字母本身音[əʊ] ago, radio, go, photo, rode, old, told, hold, cold, home,

those, kilo, so, homework, phone, also, no, note, robot, nose, hope, joke,

close, stone, clothes, broken等。 U发字母本身音[ju:] cute, bute, mute, fume, men, pupil, argue, use, 等。

②闭音节的拼读：

A 发[æ ]口型要打大 at, bad, band, apple，fat, has, am, and, cat, cap, bag,

had,

grand,carry,back,ran,badly,angry,sad,flat,map,mat,van,man,swam,catch,hand, fantastic, thank, black, panda, that, happy, activity, drank, dragon,

taxi, 等。

E 发[e]

when, met, them, smell, tell, ball, clever, every, help, better, west,

then, yes,fell,desk, red, yellow, pencil, bed, bedroom, dress, festival, get,

telephone, egg, went, leg, twenty, next, let, men等

I 发[i] lift,big, dinner, fish, listen, it, is, six, this, in, sister, his, him,

bit,

little, river, picnic, think, city, with, finish, sit, chick, skip, miss,

nothing,

pink, picture, visit, swim, ticket等

O发[ɒ]

drop, shop, box, bottle, coffee, lost, cross, long, pop, stop, dog,

not, body, box, clock, computer, doll, got, hot, pocket, office, point, lots,

doctor

U发[ʌ] us, study, funny, but, bus, sun, Sunday, summer, hurry,

mum,

under, understand, cut, duck, truck, lucky, fun, gun等

③字母组合的读音也是有规律可循的。如;

ea, ee字母组合的发[i:]音：tea, clean, team, eat, east, speak, please, each,

easy, read, sea, teacher，need, cheese, wheel, feel, agree, green, week,

thirteen, three, deep, peep, weep, sleep, jeep, see, feet, street, teeth, meet, week

部分ea字母组合发[e]：

bread, heavy, breakfast, weather, head, headache,

ready, deaf,

oa字母组合的发[əʊ]音：road, boat, coat,loaf

ir,ur字母组合的发[ ɜ:]音：girl, bird, thirsty, third, first, birthday, circle, sir,

shirt, skirt, dirty, skirt,turn,turtle,purple

ar组合字母发 [ɑ:]音 {（a在s, ss前）也发[a:]}：hard, card, park, art, car, are,

dark, arm, farmer, market, party, large, star, argue，far

class, vase, glass, pass, last, past, task,, mast, vast, cast, fast等

ow字母组合有时发[əʊ]音：window, yellow, show, slow, sow, tow, bow, mow,

等

ou, ow字母组合有时发[au]音mouth, about,, house, housework,

south,

how, now, town,等。

oo字母组合有时发发[u]音：hood ,头巾wool ,羊毛

look ,good , foot, room,

football, took, cook wood, book, goodbye,

oo字母组合有时发[ u: ]food, moon, tool, pool, zoo, too, school,

cool,

tooth

ear字母组合有时发 [ɪə]音：tear，dear，fear，gear，hear， near，shear，rear，

ear字母组合有时和air一样发[eə ]：bear, tear, wear, pear,

oy，oi字母组合发[ ɔɪ ]音: boy, toy,coy腼腆的, foy告别宴会, soy酱油voice,noise,point