2022上海英语高考考纲电子版

词汇手册O部分精华版重点135—140 页1.obey rules/ an order 遵守规章/服从命令(obedience Un.服从)2.object to doing sth 反对做某事have no objection to doing sth 不反对做某事3.objective adj.客观的；如实的；目标的Cn.目的；目标opp. subjective adj.4.be obliged to do sth 不得不做某事；被迫做某事be obliged to sb for sth 因为某事而感激某人have an obligation to do 有义务做某事= be under obligation to do 5.observe/notice sb do/doing sth 注意到某人做了/在做observe / obey the law 遵守法律observe Christmas 庆祝be under observation 被监视；被观察6.the obstacle to sth ….障碍7.obtain permission 获得许可8.It is obvious (to sb) that… 显然, 显而易见的是…9.be obsessed with …. 迷上…10.on the occasion of... 在…的时候；在…的场合on occasion=occasionally=on an occasional basis偶尔，有时11.be occupied (in) doing sth/ with sth 忙于做某事occupy= take up time/ space 占时间/空间the areas under occupation 被占领地区occupation Cn.工作，职业Un. 占据, 占有12.Sth occur to sb 某人想起某事It occurred(to sb) that/ to do…某人想到…occurrence Cn. 发生的事Un. 发生, 出现13.the Pacific/Atlantic Ocean 太平洋/大西洋14.odd adj. 古怪的; 奇特的; 奇数的15.be well off 富裕的have three days off 休三天的假be off 休息an island off the coast 海岸附近的岛屿mit an offence 犯罪an offence against society 妨碍社会罪mean no offence 无冒犯之意(offend vt.冒犯，得罪) 17.offer sb sth/ offer sth to sb 提供给某人某物= provide sb with sth\ provide sth for sb = supply sth to sb\ supply sb with sth offer to do sth 主动提出做某事decline an offer 拒绝一个提议make an offer for sth 就…报价18.take office 上任；就职be in office 在位; 当权be out of office 在野a customs officer 海关关员official adj. 官方的; 正式的n. 官员19.an Olympic athlete 奥林匹克运动员the Olympic Winter Games 冬奥会20.omit sb./ sth from…把…从…删除/忽略/漏掉her omission from the team 未列入队伍21.on behalf of sb 代表某人on and on 不停地On hearing the news,…. 一听到那消息, …On arriving home\ On my arrival home,… 我一到家,…22.once in a while 偶尔地(once adv./ conj.)at once 立即，马上23.for oneself 为自己；亲自by oneself 独自= on one’s ownbe oneself 身心健康24.a one-sided view 片面的观点25.online(adj./adv.) shopping 网上购物26.an only son 独生子…, only to do sth 表意料之外的结果Only by doing/ if/ when…+ did/ do sb do sth 只有当…(only+状语(从句)+部分倒装) if only did/were(现在虚拟) 要是…就好了if only + had done(过去虚拟)if only + would do(将来虚拟)27.be open to…对…开放\ 乐于接受…in the open air 在户外open your/sb's mind to sth (使人)思想开阔\意识到…open your/sb's eyes (to sth) (使人)长见识\认清事实open up 开门;直抒胸臆;开火;营业(opp. close up) keep one’s eyes/ ears open for sth （对…）保持警觉；注意；留心the opening ceremony 开幕式28.opera house 歌剧院29.operate the machine 操作这台机器operate on sb/ his eyes 为某人做手术have/ undergo an operation (病人)接受手术perform an operation (医生) 做手术put sth. into operation/practice 实施；把…投入生产(动转)；运行30.express one’s opinion on sth 发表某人关于…的观点in one’s opinion 在某人看来have a high opinion of… 对…评价很高31.seize the opportunity to do sth/ of doing sth 抓住(做…)机会32.oppose (doing) sth/ be opposed to (doing) sth 反对某事in opposition to sb/ sth. 强烈反对(或抵制)某人/ 某事物33.the opposite sex 异性Quite the opposite 恰恰相反be opposite to… 在…对面的in the opposite/ reverse direction 朝相反的方向34.the oppressed 受压迫者(oppression n.压迫,压制)35.be optimistic about the outcome 对…乐观的(optimism n. 乐观主义)36.have no option/ alternative/ choice but to do 除了…之外别无选择opt for/ against sth. 选择/挑选…opt to do sth. 选择做…37.or so 大约，左右38.oral and written French 口语/书面法语39.in order of priority 按优先顺序be in / out of order 整齐/混乱, 失灵place an order for sth 订购某物in order that… 为了give orders 下令obey orders 听从命令order sb to do/ order that sb should do 命令某人做某事40.ordinary adj. 普通的; 平常的an n.器官；机构；管风琴organic adj.有机的，器官的anize (\organise) v.组织organization(\organisation) Cn.组织,机构organisational adj. 组织的organized adj. 有组织的; 有条理的43.be oriented to/ towards … 以…为导向44.a profit-oriented organization 一个以盈利为目的的机构45.the origin of civilization 文明的起源be of humble origins 出身卑微的an original idea 一个独到的见解originate from/ in sth.｜originate with sb. 起源于…46.an orphan in the orphanage 孤儿院的孤儿47.in other words 换言之，换句话说the other day 那天every other week 每隔一周other than 除了；不同于otherwise adv./conj. 否则；不然48.ought to do sth. 应当/应该做…49.out of sth 缺乏;从…出来;由于,出于;在…范围外out of curiosity 出于好奇out of work 失业run out (of sth) 用尽…outer adj. 外面的; 外部的50.be confident of a successful outcome 相信会有圆满的结果51.outdoor activities 户外活动(outdoors adv.)52.the outline of the composition 作文提纲outline sth. (to sb.) (向…)概述…53.the outlook on life 人生观a pleasant outlook 悦人的景色54.output Un./v. 产量；输出outstanding adj. 突出的；出众的55.the outside of the house 房子的外部outside prep.\ adv. 在……外边n.外部; (建筑物等的)周围，外围56.over and over again 反复地；再三地take over 接管get over 克服57.overall adj. 总的；包括一切的adv.58.overcome one’s difficulty 克服某人的困难59.overflow with sth. 挤满…/ 装满…60.overlook a mistake 忽略一个错误a restaurant overlooking the lake 眺望\俯瞰61.be famous overnight 一夜成名62.overseas students 留学生overseas Chinese 华侨63.overtake our competitors 赶上我们的竞争者64.be overwhelmed by… 充溢(感情); 被…打败65.owe A to B 把A 归功于Bowe a lot to sb 非常感激某人owing to 由于66.on one’s own 独立地，独自地of one’s own 某人自己的(own adj.自己的vt.拥有) 67.degrade into carbon and oxygen 降解为二氧化碳和氧气。

上海2022高考英语真题及答案(更新中)高考英语语法填空答题技巧一、高考单项填空题考查动词时态时,往往题干句无详细明确的时间状语,考生需对上下文语境进行分析,才能搞清所要考查的〔句子〕时态。

考查动词时态,不给出明确时间状语、这种测试形式在高考单项填空题中特别有效的考查考生是否能敏捷运用所学语法学问的力量，因此要指导考生学会仔细分析上下文语境，从而能精确确定所要填的时态。

二、明辨英语固定搭配置换迷雾现象、解答这类题时,考生应仔细细心观看句子结构，尤其是一些常用句型转换、常用〔短语〕或从句关联词的割裂现象,高考命题是经常采纳这种方式使短语或固定搭配中的某个成分不在原来位置,从而使该短语或固定搭配难以分辨。

三、试题命制时，为使语言生动，自然、简洁，所以经常采纳这种省略形式。

解答这类题，首先要求考生弄懂句意，再依据所学的英语语法学问将句子还原或补全，有助于考生快速地把握句子的意思。

不过这类现象多为同源主语的省略。

英语快速提分全能句型一、如何使用〔英语〔作文〕〕万能句子许多高中生积累了许多英语万能句子，就是为了充字数，明明可以用I think表示，肯定要用As far as I am concerned，其有用As far as I am concerned表示并没有错，可是大家要明白使用英语作文万能句子最主要的目的还是充实〔文章〕内容，丰富语言。

假如不管时候都用冗长的英语作文万能句子来代替简洁词汇，那么这篇作文不仅阅读起来就会很困难，经常也会因字数缘由最终无法表达完观点。

如何正确使用英语作文万能句子?遵循长短结合、难易适中、多样性的原则。

有些英语作文万能句子很长，有时候也会觉得废话多，所以在需要使用相同含义的表达时，可以用长短句相结合的方式，这个句子可以长一点的，那下一个句子就可以短一点，减小阅读难度;切勿使用难度大的偏僻词汇和万能句子，由于有可能阅卷老师也不懂，那么在这种状况下，很有可能被扣分;别翻来覆去都用那几个英语作文万能句子：As far as I am concerned/from my point/In my opinion 等等，老师都看腻了!二、〔有用英语〕作文万能〔句子大全〕以下共享一些有用的英语作文万能句子，多积累不同的表达句子，可以关心你娴熟运用。

2022届上海高考英语专题复习专题一：语法填空【情况概述】1个答题10个小题共10分包括有提示词与无提示词两种空格1小题可以有2-3个空格有提示词：一般为形容词、动词无提示词：一般为代词、介词、冠词、连词等注意：不能进行词性转化【答题内容】一、无提示词一横线填空1.介词：about, above, across, after, against, around, as, behind, despite, off, on, since, through, toward, underneath, unlike, until, with, within, into, given2.关系代词/关系副词（定语从句）关系代词：who, that, which, whom, whose关系副词：where, when, why注意：大多数that/which通用，但是当先行词是不定代词、被序数词或形容词最高级修饰、或被all,any,little,no,some等词修饰时，只能用that，非限制定语从句只能用which，所以尽量填that.3.连接代词和从属连词连接代词：who, whoever, whoever, whomever, whatever从属连词：how, if, whether, when, whenever, where, why, although, until, after, because, since, unless, lest ,once, provided/providing4.并列连词和关联连词并列连词：for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so关联连词：both…and, either…or, neither…nor, whether…or, not…but5.情态动词、代词、助动词、冠词二、无提示词量二横线填空1.短语介词：as for/ as to, out of, because of, except for, rather than, according to, instead of, apart from, such as, next to2.情态动词：have to, ought to, used to3.代词：the other, each other, one another4.连词：rather than, not only…but also… as though, as if, even though, in case, in that三、无提示词三条横线1. 短语介词：as well as, in addition to, in spite of, as far as, on behalf of2. 从属连词：as soon as, as long as, in order to(that)四、有提示词1.形容词或副词：比较级/最高级2.动词：谓语/非谓语+时态+主被动【解题技巧】1.熟悉词组搭配、理清逻辑关系2.熟知句法，理解句子之间的关系3.辨别清楚空格后是从句还是短语4.熟记各种形容词的比较级与最高级；各种动词的过去式、现在分词。

2024年上海高考英语考纲中，对于单词的要求主要集中在词汇量和词汇用法两个方面。

词汇量是指考生需要掌握的基础单词量，而词汇用法则是指考生需要理解和运用单词的能力。

词汇量方面，考纲要求考生至少应掌握3000-4000个基础单词，包括初中和高中阶段的所有要求词汇。

这些词汇涵盖了日常生活、学习和工作中常见的名词、动词、形容词、副词等，以及相关的词组和短语。

词汇用法方面，考纲要求考生能够准确理解和运用这些词汇，包括正确使用单词的词性、形式、意义和搭配等。

例如，考生需要能够根据上下文判断某个词汇的正确用法，能够运用所学词汇描述和解释事物，以及能够正确运用词汇进行书面和口头表达等。

具体的词汇要求和用法要求，可以参考上海市教育考试院发布的《上海市普通高中课程标准实验教科书·英语》以及相关的考试说明和样题。

同时，考生还可以通过参加相关的培训课程、自学和练习等方式来提高自己的英语词汇量和词汇运用能力。

第1讲形近词1+十一选十1+倒装句+图片作文教师版一、高考形近词A1). abroad adv. 国外aboard adv. 上（船，飞机）2). abstract adj.抽象的；n.摘要，提要；v.提取contract n.合同，契约；v.压缩contrast n.对比；差别；v.与...对比contrary n.相反，反而；adj. 相反的，反面的contact n.接触，联系；v. 使联系construct v.建造instruct v.指导，教授3). access n.(to)接近;通道,入口assess v.估价4). accept v.接受concept n.概念，观念except prep.除……之外5). accident n.事故；偶然incident n.事件coincident adj.一致的，同时发生的6). account n.账目；叙述；vi.(for)解释；占比例count v.计算；有价值discount n.折扣；v.打折扣encounter v/n.遭遇，偶遇7). adapt v.适应adopt v.采用;批准adept n. 内行，能手8). affect v.影响, 震动effect n. 结果, 影响infect v.感染inject v.注射9). aim n.目标，目的；v.(at)旨在dim a.昏暗的；不清晰的；v.（使）变暗，（使）模糊slim a.苗条的；（机会）少的，小的；v.变苗条10). advise v.建议devise v.设计,发明;图谋;想出revise v.校正;修改;复习supervise v.监督,管理11). angel n. 天使angle n. 角度12). apart adv.分开;与众不同地；adj.分开的apartment n.公寓depart vi.离开，出发department n.部，局，处，系13). arouse v.引起;唤醒rouse v.醒来，唤醒14). assent n/v. 同意ascent n.上升accent n.口音absent adj. 缺席的，不在场的resent v.怨恨，不满consent v./n.同意，赞成15).assemble 聚集；集合resemble类似；像16) assure v.保证;使确认ensure v.保证，确保insure n/v.保险16). assume v.假装;承担;设想;认为resume n.个人简历；v.重新开始,重新占用,恢复presume v.假定,认为,推测consume v.消耗,消费17). aware a.意识到的,知道的beware v.当心，谨防18). attitude n.态度,看法substitute v.代替；n. 替代品institute n.机构,学院latitude n.纬度longitude n.经度19). acquire v.获得require v.要求inquire v.咨询B 1).boom v.迅速发展,兴旺;发出隆隆声bloom v.开花;青春doom n.厄运,劫数2). brace v.振作;支撑; n.支柱embrace v.包含;拥抱3). bud v.发芽,含苞欲放; n.芽,花苞plug v.堵塞; n.塞子；插头tug v.用力拖,拉4). bond 纽带（n.）band 乐队（n.）bind 捆绑，使粘贴，束缚（vt.）bend 弯曲（vt.）5). be concerned with 与……有关be concerned about 担心6). be anxious for 渴望be anxious about 对……担忧C 1) .champion n.冠军champagne n.香槟酒campaign n.战役2) .chicken n.鸡kitchen n. 厨房3). cite v.引用site n.场所sight n/v. 视觉,看到4). clash v. 冲突,碰撞crash v.摔碎,坠落crush v.压碎,使变形smash v.粉碎,打碎crack n./v.裂缝；裂开5).compliment n/v.赞美complement n/v.补助;补足implement n.工具,手段；v.实施；执行6). concern n/v.关心;涉及decern v .宣判,分别7) .confirm v.确认;证实;批准conform v.使顺从;使遵守;使一致affirm v.肯定,断言firm n.公司; adj.坚定的，牢固的8). contend v.奋斗, 斗争intend v.打算，想要pretend adj./v.假装9). content n.内容; adj.满足的; v.使满足context n.环境,上下文contest n/v.竞争, 比赛protest n/v.抗议contact联系，接触conduct实施contract合同connect连接contrast n.对比contrary n./adj.相反（的）compare比较concept概念conflict冲突constant经常的，不断的construct建造consult咨询，请教content n.内容，目录adj.满足的consistent始终如一的，一致的10). costume n.服装custom n.风俗;习惯;海关accustom v.使习惯customer顾客consumer消费者11). council n.委员会,懂事会counsel v.忠告，劝告; n.法律顾问consul n.领事12). crow n.乌鸦; v.啼叫crown n.王冠clown n.小丑cow n.牛13). considerate体贴的considerable adj.相当大的；程度上重要的14). conscience 良心（n.）conscious 有意识的（adj.）二、语法填空动词：1.October 9 is the World Post Day. Once upon a time, if a friend or family member had to move away, youmight not 1________(see) that person for years, or maybe ever again.答案：have seen解析：后面有for years 可知用现完时态合适2. A page5________(tear) out for a notebook won’t do, nor should you scrawl(潦草地写) your letter with apencil.答案：torn解析：非谓语，跟前面逻辑主语page是被动完成关系3. Why not 10___________(give) it a try if you haven’t send a letter recently, or ever?答案：give解析：why not do sth 固定句型4.Each person should be allowed an equal chance to speak and to put forward their own point of view and if wewish (5) (listen) to, then we should listen to others.答案：to be listened解析：考查动词不定式。

1.The story is a magical of fantasy and reality.2.Smith himself on being able to organize his own life.3.Each unit including the company has its own, local management.4.He tried to follow Jack's footsteps in the snow and on a rock.5.The author himself from some of the comments in his book.6.Perhaps anger had his vision, perhaps his judgment had been faulty.7.There is a new witness to his claim that he is a victim of mistaken identity.8.Learning to may be the fastest way into employment for young people.9.Bill had become fluent in German during the Wehrmacht's of Estonia in 1942.10.If the scheme is successful, many more homes will be offered the new television service.Exercise B1.在案件调查中，两名侦探假装成古董商。

(assume)2.如今额外的培训可能是推进你事业发展的最佳途径。

(further)3.餐馆早上7点到11点供应早餐。

(serve)4.他因故意绊倒正要起脚射门得分的罗布森而被罚下场。

(trip)1.If the same items appear across different they will not automaticallycombine in your list and you'll need to do this manually.2.Like many other media organizations, the Guardian is operating in an challenging financial climate.3.He was arrested on charges of attempted when he tried to use a stolen credit card.4.The new study builds on early evidence of the impact of climate changes on the distribution,and seasonality of marine species.5.Perhaps most importantly, people — black and white — began the push for racial , planting the seeds of what would eventually become the civil rights movement of the 1960s.6.Changes in styles from generations past have given men more options forresponding to obligations as fathers, husbands or partners.7.While the scientists wanted to explain the effectiveness of precautions, test persons mainly considered this information to be an indication of their mobile phone — not the towers — being dangerous.8.This belief was based only on, however, because for years nobody had actually studied in detail how bats move their wings.9.Some psychological studies suggest that when an Easterner goes to the West or vice versa, habits of thought and also begin to change.10.What resulted in an language of architecture, based on these new tools,which allow us to combine highly complex forms into a fluid and complete whole.Key:E1 1-5 BHIGK 6-10 EFDJCE2 1. During the investigation, two detectives assumed the identities of antiques dealers.2.Additional training is probably the best way to further your career these days.3.Breakfast is served in the restaurant between 7.00 and 11.00.4.He was sent off for deliberately tripping Robson when he was about to score.E3 1-5 JDCKB 6-10 EAIHG。

v./n.1. conduct vt. 传导；进行；举止v. 指挥n. 行为2. produce vt. 出产；生产；产生；拍摄n. 农产品3. yield n. 产出vt. 出产；产生vi. 屈服4. breed vi. 交配繁殖vt. 饲养；孕育n. 品种5. quote v. 引用vt. 举例说明n. 引语6. thrill vt. 使非常兴奋n. 兴奋7. link vt. 连接；相关；联系n. 联系8. couple n. 一对；两人；两件事物；几个人；几件事情vt. 连接；连接起来9. pair n. 一双vt. 使成对10. contrast n. 对比vt. 对比；形成对比11. peer n. 同龄人vi. 端详12. peek vi./n. 偷看13. peep vi./n. 窥视14. stare vi. 盯着看n. 盯15. gaze vi./n. 凝视16. glare vi. 怒视n. 怒视；刺眼的光17. glance vi. 瞥一眼n. 一瞥18. glimpse vt. 瞥见n. 一瞥19. plan v. 计划；打算n. 规划；打算；平面图20. surge vi./n. 涌动；突增21. grumble vi. 发牢骚n. 牢骚22. struggle vi. 挣扎；搏斗；斗争；奋斗n. 搏斗；斗争；奋斗23. implement n. 工具vt. 实施24. complement n. 补充物vt. 补充25. supplement n. 增补物vt. 增补26. compliment n./vt. 称赞27. supply n./vt. 供应28. conflict n. 冲突；矛盾vi. 矛盾29. hook n. 钩v. 钩住30. petition n. 请愿书v. 情愿31. match vt. 配对；匹敌v. 相配；匹配n. 比赛；火柴32. joint n. 关节a. 共同的33. function n. 功能vi. 运转34. contact n. 接触；联系vt. 联系35. flow n./vi. 流动36. overflow v. 溢出vi. 挤满人n. 溢出；容纳不了的人或物37. flood n. 洪水v. （使）灌满水；泛滥vi. 大量涌入38. influence n./vt. 影响39. pity vt. 可怜n. 怜悯；可惜40. shame vt. 使羞愧；使蒙受耻辱n. 羞愧；羞耻；耻辱；惋惜41. arm n. 手臂v. 武装42. alarm n. 警报；惊恐vt. 使惊恐43. cover vt. 覆盖；遮盖；包括；占；报道n. 覆盖；套子；封面44. blanket n. 厚层vt. 以厚层覆盖45. shuttle n. 来往于两地之间的航班（或班车、火车）vi. 频繁往来；往返运送46. brake n./v. 刹车47. charge vt. 充电；赋予职责；指控；指责v. 收费；猛攻n. 电荷；收费；掌管；指控；指责；猛攻48. tip n. 尖端；提示；小费vt. 给小费v. （使）倾斜；倒出49. temper n. 脾气；心情vt. 使缓和50. stir n. 搅拌vt. 搅拌；打动；激发v. （使）微动51. leak n. 漏洞；泄露；透露v. 漏vt. 泄露52. hug n. 拥抱v. 拥抱vt. 抱紧53. capture n./vt. 捕获；攻占54. prey vi. 捕食；坑害n. 猎物；受骗者55. hunt v. 猎杀；追捕vi. 追寻n. 打猎；追捕；搜寻56. search n./v. 搜寻57. trick vt. 欺骗n. 诡计；窍门58. cheat n. 作弊者vi. 作弊vt. 欺骗59. face n. 脸；面v. 面对vt. 面临；正视60. blush vi./n. 脸红61. concern vt. 涉及；关于；使担忧n. 担忧；关爱62. caution n. 谨慎vi. 告诫63. feature n. 特色vt. 以……为特色vi. 起重要作用64. defeat vt. 击败；挫败n. 战败65. beat n. 击打v. 敲打vt. 打败66. strike v. 擦；敲；侵袭vt. 击打；撞击；突然想到vi. 罢工n. 罢工67. smash v. 打碎；（使）猛烈撞击vt. 捣毁n. 打碎；撞击68. crash v./n. 碰撞69. bump vi. 撞vt. 撞上n. 碰撞；凸块；肿块70. lack vt./n. 缺乏71. sacrifice n./vt. 牺牲72. profit n. 利润vt. 使获益vi. 获益73. reward vt./n. 奖励；回报74. benefit n. 益处v. （使）受益75. impact n. 冲击；巨大影响vi. 影响76. grade n. 品级；成绩等级；年级vt. 分级77. graduate vi. 毕业n. 大学毕业生78. progress n./vi. 前进；进步79. engineer n. 工程师vt. 设计制造；密谋策划80. result n. 结果vi. 起因于；造成81. insult vt./n. 辱骂82. assault vt. 袭击；侵犯n. 袭击；侵犯；抨击83. attack v. 攻击vt. 抨击；侵害n. 攻击；抨击；发作84. parade n. 游行；检阅vi. 游行v. 接受检阅85. parachute n. 降落伞vi. 跳伞86. repair n. 修理vt. 修理；弥补87. split vt. 划破；分摊v. 撕裂；（使）分开n. 裂口；分裂；划分88. scratch v. 挠；抓破vt. 刮坏n. 挠痒；划痕89. tear vt. 撕掉v. 撕碎n. 眼泪90. weep v./n. 哭泣91. sting v. 刺vt. 激怒n. 针；剧痛92. thrust v. 刺；猛推n. 猛推93. stick v. 刺入；粘贴vi. 卡住n. 条；枝条；拐杖94. grasp vt. 抓紧；理解n. 紧抓；理解95. grip v. 抓紧n. 紧抓；理解96. grab v. 抓住97. bite v. 咬；叮n. 咬；叮；一口98. string n. 细绳；一串vt. 挂99. thread n. 线；线索vt. 穿线v. （使）穿过100. strand n. 股vt. 使搁浅；使滞留101. limit vt. 限量；限制n. 限度；限制102. stretch vt. 拉紧；撑大v. 伸展vi. 延伸；延续n. 伸展；一段103. stress n. 压力；强调vt. 强调104. distress n. 痛苦；困苦vt. 使悲伤105. strain n. 拉力；拉伤；重压vt. 拉伤；过度使用v. 竭力。

第5讲形近词5+阅读AB+重点词组+应用文日记解析版一、高考形近词O1). observe 观察，遵守（vt.）deserve 值得（vt.）2). out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 不可能的3). object 物体（n.），反对（vt.），object toobjective 目标（n.），客观的（adj.）P1). pat n/v.轻拍tap n.水龙头;v.轻打slap n/v.掌击rap n/v.敲,打2). patent n/v/adj.专利potent adj.强有力的potential adj.潜在的3). peel v.削皮,剥皮; n.果皮heel n.脚后跟,踵kneel vi.跪下reel n.卷筒,线轴;v.卷,绕4). personal个人的personnel 人事部门；全体人员5). poison 毒害（vt.）prison 监狱（n.）6). pray v.祈祷prey n.猎物; v.捕食7). precede v.领先proceed v.进行,继续previous 先前的（adj.）precious 珍贵的（adj.）8). principal n.校长; adj.主要的principle n.原则discipline 纪律（n.）9). prospect n.前景; v.勘探perspective n.透视法10).property财产；性质poverty贫穷properly恰当地11). protest v/n.抗议protect v.保护12). process 过程（n.），加工（vt.）possess 拥有（vt.）13). prominent 明显的（adj.）permanent 长久的（adj.）14). purpose n.目的suppose v.假设propose v.建议;打算;求婚Q1).quit放弃quiz小测验2).quality质量quantity数量二、语法填空1.“In Puerto Rico, it doesn’t look like we’ve learned __________at all.”答案：anything解析：考察代词。

61 subject The defence lawyers claimed thatthe prisoners had been subjected tocruel and degrading treatment.vt. 使遭受n. 学科，科目；主题；题材adj. 易受……的，常受……的，易患……的（to）vt. 使服从；使经受；使遭受；使易受（to）62 team Elton teamed up with Eric Claptonto wow thousands at the rockconcert.vt. 使合作n. 队；组vt. 使协作，使合作；使相配vi. 合作，协作63 trip She tripped and fell last night andbroke her hip.vi. 绊倒n. 出行；绊（倒）vi. 绊（倒）（on，over）；倾斜，翻倒；失误（on，up）vt. 将…绊倒；使犯错误；意外触动（开关、警报等）64 wear You've worn a hole in your sock. vt. 穿破vt. 穿着，戴着；穿破；磨损vi. 穿破；磨损；耐用；耐穿65 weigh We have to weigh the benefits ofthe scheme against the costs.vt. 权衡vt. 称……的重量；认真考虑；权衡vi. 重若干；称得重量66 wind Quiet mountain roads wind throughgroves of bamboo and cedar.vi.(路、河流或一行人) 蜿蜒而行n. 风vi. 弯曲前进；迂回；（缠）绕；上发条vt. 绕；包；裹；给...上发条。

1.三年高考阅读C篇考情分析纵观近三年的高考真题阅读C篇题材，不难发现经济类以及科技说明类文章占据很大比重，建议老师在高考最后冲刺阶段C篇阅读的训练内容可以以经济，教育，生活和科技四大类文章为主。

2.考题类型总结根据命题要求阅读理解考题可分为4类：1.细节题；2.主旨题；3.推断题；4.词义猜测题；其中，细节题在阅读A、B篇出现较多，建议引导学生带着问题在文章中寻找解题依据。

C 篇则是较多地出现主旨题和推断题，侧重对于全文的整体理解。

知识点一（细节题）1.细节题解题技巧细节题的解题要点是一定要对应到语篇中相应的语句，找到问题的出处。

“找到即做到”是细节题的解题秘钥。

细节题干扰项的设置一般有：1.范围过大、过小。

2. 偷换概念。

3. 正误并存，某个分句是正确的。

细节题解题方法: 原文定位法。

1.查读法：带着问题寻找答案，把注意力集中在与who, what, when, where问题有关的细节上。

2.仔细关注到原文每一个细节，尤其注意不要遗漏题干和文章中任何带有限定和修饰性的词，短语或是句子在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：1）Which of the following statements is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the passage) states that___.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)___?【例题精讲】例1.There are classes for the mothers of babies, but there’s no helping with your mum and dad growing old.Old people’s wards are hell for old people. Geriatric wards are bedlam and bonkers. A toothless woman screaming when left alone, a cry that reaches the high hospital ceiling. A woman effing and blinding----the polite curtain will not protect her from the indignity of a nappy change. A woman who lives the same moment in repeat, dressed up for going home in a bright red, over the dressing grown, asking for the key to her ho use, saying over and over: “Am I going home today?”63.The treatment of the old is compared of that of the refugees in order to .A.prove they have a lot in commonB.show the terrible status of the oldC.display their similarities and differencesD.indicate that old people have to leave their home[解析]63. 作者把老人的生活和难民做对比，目的为了烘托出老人糟糕的生活状况，从文本Old people's wards are hell for old people. It seems to me as if the plight of old people, while not a horrible as the plight of refugees,shares some of the horror【课堂练习】1.You can also graph the other extreme--all crime novels and no movies. Since crime novels in the example cost $15 and you have $150 available, if you spend all the available money crime novels, you can buy 10.So you put a dot on the horizontal axis at the number 10.65.Assume that each movie cost $10 and each crime novel costs $15,you have $150.Which is RIGHT according to this passage?A.The maximum number of movies you can see is 10.B.The maximum number of crime novels you can by is 15.C.You can buy 7 crime novels and see 5 movies.D.You can buy 7 crime novels and see 4 movies.【答案】B【解析】考查文章的理解以及逻辑思维能力。

上海高考新考纲
集团公司文件内部编码：（TTT-UUTT-MMYB-URTTY-ITTLTY-
高中物理学科知识内容、要求及其调整情况
课程标准学习水平的界定
概念、规律
知道（A）：
识别和记忆学习内容，是对知识的初步认识。

理解（B）：
初步把握学习内容的由来、意义和主要特征，是对知识的一般认识。

掌握（C）：
以某一学习的内容为重点，联系其他相关内容，解决简单的物理问题，是对知识较深入的认识。

应用（D）：
以某一学习的内容为重点，综合其他相关内容，解决新情景下的简单物理问题，是对知识较系统的认识。

实验
初步学会（A）：
根据实验目的，按照具体的实验步骤，正确使用给定的器材，完成观察、测量等实验任务。

学会（B）：
根据实验目的，参照简要的实验步骤，合理的选择实验器材，独立完成观察、测量、验证和探究等实验任务，正确处理实验数据。

设计（C）：
根据学习的需要，确定实验目的，设计实验方案，选择或制作简易的实验器材，根据实验结果分析和改进实验方案。

基础型教材与拓展型教材调整意见对比
附1：上海市高中2015学年度课程计划
附2：合格考、等级考时间安排表
附3：2017届学业水平考安排。

英语第Ⅰ卷（共105分）Section ADirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A basketball player. C. A window washer.2. A. She is not hungry. C. She is not tired.3. A. Promising.B. A laundry worker. B. She wants to cook. D. She wants to dine out.C. Crowded.D. To a news stand.B. The food is not tasty enough. D. The food is worth the price.D. ModernD. A rock climberB. Isolated4. A. To a stationery shop. C. To a paint store.B. To a gymnasium.5. A. The man can see a different view. C. The man cannot afford the food.6. A. She reads different kinds of books. C. She is impressed by the characters.7. A. The man will go to the post office.8. A. She is not sure if she can join them. C. She will ask the professor for leave.B. She also finds the book difficult to read. D. She knows well how to remember names.B. The post office is closed for the day.C. The woman is expecting the newspaper.D. The delivery boy has been dismissed.B. She will skip the class to see the film. D. She does not want to see a film.C. The speed limit is really reasonable. Section BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer tothe question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. A book publisher.C. A magazine editor.B. Lynn s busy and successful life.D. Lynn s efficiency in conducting programs.B. Routine questions. D. Challenging questions. B. Educational qualifications. D. Information-gathering abilities. D. Suggestions for different job interviews.D. The police stop most drivers for speeding12. A. Some training experience.C. Russian assistants' help.13. A. Lynn s devotion to the family.C. Lynn s great performance at work. 14. A. Economic questions.C. Academic questions. 15. A. Work experience.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.C. Problem-solving abilities.16. A. Features of different types of interview. B. Skills in asking interview questions.C. Changes in three interview models. Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear eachconversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A25. — I m looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good ideas? — How about the Moon Lake? It is ________ easy reach of the city. A. bypeople. A. theirsB. themC. themselvesD. oneself27. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn t enter the house, for he ________ his key at school. A. had leftB. would leaveC. was leavingD. has left28. It s a ________ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century. A. charming French small C. small French charming A. had been elected C. have been elected A. however difficult C. whatever difficultyB. French small charming D. charming small French B. had elected D. have elected B. how difficultB. beyondC. withinD. from26. Those who smoke heavily should remind ________ of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other29. The school board is made up of parents who ________ to make decisions about school affairs.30. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ________ they might have.D. what difficulty C. having worriedC. exploring C. if31. The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really ________. A. to be worried B. to worry A. explore A. whatD. worried32. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ________ society for real-life experience.B. to explore B. whyD. explored D. which33. I have no idea ________ the cell phone isn t working, so could you fix it for me?34. Young people may risk ________ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day. A. to goB. to have gone B. ask for B. until B. Looking B. where B. areC. goingD. having goneD. having asked for D. where D. Look D. what35. Sophia got an e-mail ________ her credit card account number. A. asking for A. before A. To look A. that A. iswearing. A. that Section BB. whatC. howD. whichC. asked for C. unless36. I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise ________ I am sitting.37. ________ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.C. Having looked C. who38. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another. 39. Among the crises that face humans ________ the lack of natural resources.C. is thereD. are there40. Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in ________ they areAs infants, we can recognize our mothers within hours of birth. In fact, we can recognize the of our mother s face well(324 words)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is：Is economic globalization for all?Those whoglobalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for smalland home-based businesses. small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.50. A. possible 51. A. crimeB. smooth B. poverty B. drop B. define B. newC. goodD. easyD. population D. increase D. ignore D. foreign D. widening D. Otherwise D. mind D. help out D. turning back D. challenge D. owingC. conflict C. turning C. shiftC. advocate C. local C. bridging C. learned C. HoweverC. power(347 words)52. A. contributing 53. A. remain 54. A. doubt55. A. In addition 56. A. mature 57. A. finding 58. A. suffered 60. A. consume 61. A. trouble 62. A. keep up 63. A. taking off 64. A. agreementSection BB. respondingB. For instance B. exploring B. profitedC. In other wordsD. All in allD. withdrawn D. advertise59. A. FurthermoreB. deliverC. exportB. getting along B. predictionDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AFor some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes (音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale.Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断). For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert, I just say, No thanks, I m amusic, ” says Margaret. “I just wish I had lea rned to say that when Iwas seventeen and not seventy.” (335 words)65. Which of the following is true of amusics?A. Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them.B. They love places where they are likely to hear music.C. They can easily tell two different songs apart.D. Their situation is well understood by musicians.66. According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who __________. A. dislikes listening to speeches C. has a hearing problemB. can hear anything nonmusical67. In the last paragraph, Margaret expressed her wish that __________. A. her problem with music had been diagnosed earlier B. she were seventeen years old rather than seventy C. her problem could be easily explained D. she were able to meet other amusics 68. What is the passage mainly concerned with? A. Amusics strange behaviours.B. Some people s inability to enjoy music. D. Identification and treatment of amusics. BC. Musical talent and brain structure.69. According to Warranty Limitations, a product can be under warranty if __________.A. shipped from a Canadian factory C. repaired by the user himself A. the loss of the sales receipt C. the product installation70. According to Owner’s Responsibilities, an owner has to pay for __________.71. Which of the following is true according to the warranty? A. Consequential damages are excluded across America.B. A product damaged in a natural disaster is covered by the warranty.C. A faulty cabinet due to rust can be replaced free in the second year.D. Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.CWhile this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.(392 words)72. The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that __________. A. they had no model in their mind74. Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects. B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments. C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly. D. Wood s design can replace animals in some experiments. 75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Father of Robotic FlySection CB. Inspiration from Engineering Science D. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect StudyC. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life InsectDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A—F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76.Theuse of healthsupplements such asmultivitamin tablets has79. Peop0le already take too many pills instead of adopting a healthier lifestyle. For example, the consumption of painkillers in 80.Some might argue that the EU directive denies people s right to freedom of choice. However, there are many legal examples forsuch intervention when it is in the individual s best interests. We now make people wear seatbelts rather than allowing them to choose to do so. Opposing the EU directive would mean beneficial measures like this would be threatened.Section Dthe po sition occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these media—movies, radio, drama—had more emotional content than books.”Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio (比率) between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events.During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash. But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War. Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends. In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true.“It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression (压抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life thatincreased demand for writing filled with romance and sex … perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body.”82. According to Dr Alberto Acerbi, one reason for the drop of “mood words” in books may be that _______________.83. What were the two periods when the joy-to-sadness ratio was at its highest?84. While the researchers found some changes in the use of “mood words” in books, they were not sure that _______________.第Ⅱ卷I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 今年元旦我们玩得很开心。

词汇表Aa(an)artabandon v.抛弃，舍弃，放弃ability n.能力；才能able a.能够；有能力的abnormal a.反常的，变态的aboard prep.上（船，飞机，火车，汽车等）abolish v.废除，废止abortion n.流产;流产的胎儿;畸形;夭折about ad & prep ad.大约；到处；四处prep.关于；在各处；四处above prep, a & ad prep.在……上面a.上面的ad.在……之上abroad ad.到（在）国外abrupt a.陡峭的;突然的，意外的;无理的，唐突的;不连贯的absence n.不在，缺席absent a.缺席，不在absolute a.完全，全部，绝对的absorb v.吸收，使全神贯注abstract a.&n.抽象的（作品）absurd a.荒谬的;荒唐的;无理性的，杂乱无章的;荒诞主义的，荒诞的;abundant a.大量,丰盛的,充裕的abuse v.（酗酒）滥用,虐待,恶语academic a.&n.学术的，教学的academy n.专科学院,（美）私立学校accelerate v.（使）加速，加快accent n.口音，音调accept vt.接受access n.&v.通道，入径，存取（计算机文件）accessible a.可到达的，可接受的，易相处的）accident n.事故，意外的事accommodation n.住处;适应;和解;便利; accompany v.陪同，陪伴，与…同时发生accom pl ish v.完成account n.账目;描述accountant n.会计，会计师accumulate v.积累，积聚accuracy n.准确，精确accurate a.精确的，准确的accuse v.谴责；控告；指责accustomed a.习惯于,惯常的ache v & n vi.&n.痛，疼痛achieve vt.达到，取得achievement n.成就,成绩,功绩acid a.酸的;酸性的;酸味的;尖刻的acknowledge v.承认acquaintance n.相识;相识的人，熟人;对…有了解;知识，心得;acquire v.获得，得到acquisition n.收购;获得;购置物;获得物;acre n.英亩across prep.横过，穿过act n & v n.法令，条例v.扮演（角色）；行动，做事action n.行动active a.积极的，主动的activity n.活动actor n.男演员actress n.女演员actual a.实际的；现实的acute a.尖的，锐的;敏锐的，敏感的;严重的，剧烈的;[医]急性的AD abbr n.公元ad=advertisement n.广告adapt v.使适应，适合，改编adaptation n.适应，顺应;改编，改编本;适应性的改变;同化add vt.添加，增加addicted a.上瘾，成瘾，入迷addition n.增加;（算数用语）加address n.地址adequate a.合适的，合乎需要的adjust v.调整,调节,适应,习惯adjustment n.调整，适应administration n.管理,行政部门admirable a.值得赞赏的,可钦佩的admire v.钦佩；羡慕admission n.准入,接纳admit vt.承认，准许（入场，入学，入会）adolescence n.青春期;青年期adolescent a & n.青少年adopt v.收养，领养adore v.（不用于进行时）热爱，爱慕某人adult n.成年人advance v & n v.推进，促进；前进;n..前进，进展；增进，进步；向上，晋升(in rank) advantage n.优点；好处adventure n.冒险；奇遇advertise vt.为……做广告advertisement n.广告advice n.忠告，劝告，建议advise vt.忠告，劝告，建议advocate v.拥护，支持，提倡affair n.事，事情affect vt.影响affection n.喜爱，钟爱afford vt.负担得起费用；抽得出（时间）；提供afraid a.害怕的；担心Africa n.非洲African a & n a.非洲的，非洲人的n.非洲人after ad, prep & conj ad.在后；后来prep.在…之后；在后面afternoon n.下午，午后afterward(s)ad.后来again ad.再一次；再，又against prep.对着，反对age n.年龄；时代agency n.代理机构agenda n.议事日程;待议诸事项一览表;日常工作事项;议程（agendum的名词复数）agent n.代理人，经济人aggressive a.侵略的；咄咄逼人ago ad.以前agree v.同意；应允agreement n.同意，一致；协定，协议agricultural a.农业的agriculture n.农业，农学ahead ad.在前，向前aid n & v n.援助；救护；辅助器具;v. 帮助，援助；协助；接济AIDS n.艾滋病aim n & v n.目的；目标v.计划，打算；瞄准；针对air n.空气；大气aircraft n.飞机(单复数同)airline n.航空公司；航空系统airmail n.航空邮件air pl ane n.<美>飞机airport n.航空站，飞机场airspace n.领空，（某国的）空域alarm n & v n.警报;vt.向…告急，向…报警，警戒album n.相册，影集，集邮簿alcohol n.含酒精饮料，酒alcoholic a & n adj.酒精的，含酒精的;酒精中毒的;n.酗酒者，酒鬼;酒精中毒者algebra n.代数学，代数alike ad.很相似地，同样地alive a.活着的，存在的all ad, a & pronad.全部地a.全（部）;所有的;总;整pron.全部allergic a.过敏的，厌恶alley n.小径;胡同，小巷;球道allocate vt.分配，分派;把…拨给allow vt.允许，准许allowance n.限额;折扣;津贴，补贴，零用钱;默许，默认almost ad.几乎，差不多alone a.单独的，孤独的along ad & prep ad.向前；和…一起；一同prep.沿着；顺着alongside ad.在…旁边,与…同时aloud ad.大声地alphabet n.字母表，字母already ad.已经also ad.也alternative a.可供替代,非传统的although conj.虽然，尽管altitude n.海拔高度altogether ad.总共aluminium(Am aluminum)n.<美>铝always ad.总是；一直；永远am v(be)a.m.&am, A.M.&AM abbr abbr.（缩）上午，午前amateur a.业余爱好的amaze v.惊奇，惊叹；震惊amazing a.惊奇,惊叹的;震惊的ambassador n.大使，使节;（派驻联合国等国际组织的）代表;特使;[比喻]使者ambassadress n.大使夫人;女大使ambiguous a.模棱两可的ambition n.目标,野心,雄心,抱负ambulance n.救护车Am erica n.美国；美洲among prep.在…中间；在（三个以上）之间amount n.&v.金额，数量，总计am pl e a.足够的;充足的，丰富的;宽敞的，广大的;富裕的amuse vt.（使人）快乐，逗乐amusement n.娱乐analyse vt.分析;分解;细察;na.“analyze”的变体analysis n.分析，分解;梗概，要略;[数]解析;验定复数：analysesancestor n.祖宗；祖先anchor v & nancient a.古代的，古老的and conj.和；又；而anecdote n.逸事，趣闻anger n.怒，愤怒angle n.角度angry a.生气的，愤怒的animal n.动物ankle n.踝，踝关节anniversary n.周年纪念日announce vt.宣布，宣告annoy vt.（使）烦恼annual a.每年的，年度的，一年一次的another a & pron a.再一；另一；别的；不同的pron.另一个answer n & v n.回答,答复;回信;答案v.回答,答复;回信;ant n.蚂蚁Antarctic a.南极的antique n.古玩，古董;古风，古希腊和古罗马艺术风格;anxiety n.担忧，焦虑anxious a.忧虑的，焦急的any pron & a pron.无论哪一个；任何的；a. 〔用于疑问句、否定句、条件子句中，或用于肯定句但与含有疑问、否定意义的词连用〕什么，一些，一点anybody pron.任何人，无论谁anyhow ad.不管怎样anyone pron.任何人，无论谁anything pron.什么事（物）；任何事（物）anyway ad.不管怎样anywhere ad.任何地方apart ad,&a.相隔，相距，除外apartment n.（美）楼中单元房，一套房间；房间apologize vi.道歉，谢罪apology n.道歉；歉意apparent a.显而易见appeal v. & n.呼吁；上诉，申诉，吸引力appear vi.出现appearance n.出现，露面；容貌appendix n.附录;阑尾;附加物appetite n.食欲，胃口ap pl aud v.&n.鼓掌,赞许,赞赏ap pl e n.苹果ap pl icant n.申请人ap pl ication n.申请ap pl y v.申请appoint v.任命，委任，安排，确定（时间，地点）appointment n.约会appreciate v.欣赏；感激appreciation n.欣赏,鉴定,评估approach n.&v.靠近，接近，建议，要求appropriate a.合适的，恰当的approval n.同意，批准approve v.赞成,同意,批准,通过approximately ad.近似地，大约;许apron n.围裙;[航]停机坪;[机]（防护）挡板;舞台口;arbitrary a.随心所欲的，独裁的，专断的arch n.拱门;弓形;拱形物;足弓，齿弓; architect n.建筑师，设计师architecture n.建筑学，建筑设计，风格Arctic a.北极的are v(be)area n.面积；地域，地方，区域；范围，领域argue vi.争辩，争论argument n.争论，辩论arise(arose, arisen)vi.起来，升起；出现arithmetic n.算法;算术，计算arm n & v n.臂,支架;武器,武力v.以…装备,武装起来armchair n.扶手椅army n.军队around ad & prep ad.在周围；在附近prep.在……周围；大约arrange v.安排，布置arrangement n.安排，布置arrest v.逮捕，拘留arrival n.到来，到达arrive vi.到达；达到arrow n.箭；箭头art n.艺术，美术；技艺article n.文章;东西,物品;冠词artificial a.人工的，人造的artist n.艺术家as ad, conj & prep ad.&conj.像…一样；如同；因为prep.作为ash n.灰；灰末ashamed a.惭愧；害臊Asia n *n.亚洲Asian a & n a.亚洲（人）的n.亚洲人aside ad.在旁边ask v.问；请求，要求；邀请asleep a.睡着的，熟睡aspect n.方面，外观，外表assess v.评价,评定（性质,质量）assessment n.评估;评价;（应偿付金额的）估定;（为征税对财产所作的）估价assist v.帮助，协助assistance n.帮助，援助，支持assistant n.助手，助理associate v.联想，联系association n.协会，社团，联系assume v.假定，假设assumption n.承担;假定，假设;想当然;采取astonish vt.使惊讶astronaut n.宇航员astronomer n.天文学者，天文学家astronomy n.天文学at prep.在（几点钟）;在（某处）athlete n.运动员athletic a.健壮的,体育运动的Atlantic a.大西洋的atmosphere n.大气；气氛atom n.原子，微粒attach v.把…固定，重视attack v & n vt.&n.攻击，袭击attain vt.达到，获得;遂愿;经过努力到达某事物;vt.获得;到达;达到，实现;vi.达到;获得;到达attempt v & n vt.试图，尝试;n.企图，努力attend v.看护，照料，服侍；出席，参加attention n.注意，关心attitude n.态度，看法attract v.吸引，引起attraction n.吸引，爱慕attractive a.迷人的，有吸引力的audience n.观众，听众aunt n.伯母；舅母；婶；姑；姨authentic a.真正的，真品的author n.作者，作家authority n.权力,权威,威信,官方automatic a.自动的，机械的autonomous a.自治的;有自主权的;[生，植]自发的autumn n.秋天，秋季available a.可获得的，有空的avenue n.大道average a & n a.平均；普通的n.平均数avoid v.避免，躲开，逃避awake(awoke, awoken)v & a v.唤醒a.醒着的award n.奖品，奖励aware a.知道，意识到，发觉away ad.离开；远离awesome a.令人惊叹,很困难的awful a.很坏的，极讨厌的awkward a.令人尴尬,使人难堪的Bbaby n.婴儿bachelor n.未婚男子，单身汉back ad, a & n ad.回（原处）；向后a.后面的n.后部；背background n.背景backward(s)ad.向后bacon n.培根;腊肉;熏猪肉;咸猪肉bacterium(pl bacteria)n.细菌bad(worse, worst) a.坏的；有害的，不利的；严重的badminton n.羽毛球bag n.书包；提包；袋子baggage n.行李bakery n.面包房，面包店;烘烤食品;（面包、糕点等的总称）balance n.平衡balcony n.阳台；楼座ball n.球n.舞会ballet n.芭蕾舞balloon n.气球bamboo n.竹ban n & v n.禁令v.禁止；取缔banana n.香蕉band n.乐队bandage n.绷带bank n.（河海湖的）岸，堤n.银行bar n.条（长方）块，棒，横木n.买酒柜台；酒吧barbecue n.烤肉野餐barber n.（为男人理发）理发师barbershop n.<尤美>理发店;理发店四重唱bare a.裸露的，光秃秃的bargain n & v n.成交的商品；廉价货v.讨价还价bark v & n v.狗叫n.狗叫声barrier n.屏障，障碍，关卡base n.根据地，基地（棒球）垒baseball n.棒球basement n.地下室basic a.基本的basin n.水盆，脸盆basis n.原因，缘由，要素basket n.篮子basketball n.篮球bat n.（棒球、板球的）球棒n.蝙蝠bath n.洗澡；浴室；澡盆bathe vi.洗澡；游泳bathroom n.浴室，盥洗室bathtub n.浴缸，澡盆battery n.电池battle n.战斗；战役bay n.湾；海湾BC abbr n.公元前be(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)v.是（原形）,其人称和时态形式有；成为beach n.海滨，海滩bean curd n.豆腐bean n.豆，豆科植物bear 1n.熊bear 2v.承受，负担，承担；忍受；容忍beard n.（下巴上的）胡须beast n.野兽；牲畜beat(beat, beaten)v & n v.敲打；跳动；打赢n.（音乐）节拍beautiful a.美，美丽，美观的beauty n.美丽，美人because conj.因为become(became, become)v.变得；成为bed n.床beddings n n卧具,铺盖,被褥,（家畜）草垫,（建筑）基床bedroom n.寝室，卧室bee n..蜜蜂beef n.牛肉beer n.啤酒before prep, ad & conj prep.在…以前；在…前面ad.以前beg v.请求，乞求，乞讨begin(began, begun)v.开始,着手behalf n.代表某人，为了某人behave v.守规矩，行为behaviour(Am behavior)n.行为，举止behind prep & ad prep.(表示位置)在…后面ad.在后面；向后being n.物；生物；人belief n.信条，信念believe v.相信，认为bell n.钟,铃;钟(铃)声;钟形物belly n.肚子，腹部;（物体的）圆形或凸起部份;胃口，食欲;腹部…形的;belong vi.属，附属below prep.在……下面belt n.（皮）带bench n.长凳；工作台bend(bent, bent)vt.使弯曲beneath prep.在…下方（面）beneficial a.有利的，有帮助的，有用的benefit n.&v.优势,益处,使…受益bent a & n a.弯的beside prep.在…旁边；靠近besides prep & ad prep.除…以外（还有）ad.还有，此外betray vt.背叛;出卖;泄露;对…不忠between prep.在（两者）之间；在…中间beyond prep.(表示位置)在…的那边bicycle n.自行车;脚踏车;bid v.&n.出价，投标，向（某人）道别big a.大的bike=bicycle n.自行车bill n.账单；法案，议案；（美）钞票，纸币bingo n 宾果游戏;太好了，好极了biochemistry n.生物化学biography n.传记biology n.生物（学）bird n.鸟birth n.出生；诞生birthday n.生日birth pl ace n.出生地；故乡biscuit n.饼干bishop n.（基督教某些教派管辖大教区的）主教;（国际象棋的）象;香甜葡萄酒bit n.一点，一些，少量的bite(bit, bitten)v.咬；叮bitter a.有苦味的；痛苦的，难过的；严酷的black a & n.黑色a.黑色的blackboard n.黑板blame n.&v.责备；责怪blank n.&a.空格，空白（处）；空的；茫然无表情的blanket n.毛毯，毯子bleed vi.出血，流血bless vt.保佑，降福blind a.瞎的block n & v n.大块；木块；街区；路障vt.阻塞；阻挡blood n.血，血液blouse n.宽罩衫；（妇女、儿童穿的）短上衣blow(blew, blown)v.吹；刮风；吹气blue n & a n.蓝色a.蓝色的a.悲伤的；沮丧的board n & v n.木板；布告牌；政府的部v.上（船、飞机）boat n.小船，小舟body n.身体boil v.沸腾；烧开；煮……bomb n & v n.炸弹v.轰炸bond n & v n.债券;纽带;联系;保释金;v.使结合;建立互信关系;与…紧密联系;与…黏合bone n.骨头，骨质（复数bones骨骼；骨骸）bonus n.津贴，奖金，红利book n & v n.书；本子v.预定，定（房间、车票等）boom n.&v.繁荣，轰鸣，激增boot n.长统靴；靴booth n.岗；（为某种用途而设的）亭或小隔间border n.边缘；边境，国界bored a.（对人，事）厌倦的，烦闷的boring a.乏味的，无聊的born a.出生borrow v.（向别人）借用；借boss n.领班；老板botanical a.植物学的botany n.植物；植物学both a & pron a.两；双pron.两者；双方bother v.打扰，麻烦n.麻烦bottle n.瓶子bottom n.底部；底bounce v.弹起，蹦，上下晃动bound a.被束缚的；被绑的；有义务的v.&n.跳跃boundary n.边界，界限bow v.&n.鞠躬，弯腰行礼bowl n.碗bowling n.保龄球运动;滚木球戏;v.打保龄球;(bowl的现在分词box n.盒子，箱子boxing n.拳击;装箱;做箱（或盒）的材料;箱形的罩;（或框）boy n.男孩boycott vt.联合抵制;抵制;（货物等）拒绝参加; brain n.脑（子）brake n & v n.闸vi.刹车branch n.树枝；分枝；分公司，分店；支部brand n.品牌brave a.勇敢的bravery n.勇气bread n.面包break(broke, broken)v & n v.打破（断，碎）；损坏，撕开n.间隙breakfast n.早餐breakthrough n.重大进展，突破breast n.乳房，胸脯breath n.气息；呼吸breathe vi.呼吸breathless a.气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的brewery n.酿酒厂，啤酒厂brick n.砖；砖块bride n.新娘bridegroom n.新郎bridge n.桥brief a.简洁的bright a.明亮的；聪明的brilliant a.巧妙的，使人印象深刻的，技艺高的bring(brought, brought)vt.拿来，带来，取来broad a.宽的，宽大的broadcast(broadcast, broadcast或-ed, -ed)vt.广播n.广播节目brochure n.资料（或广告）手册broken a.弄坏了的broom n.扫帚brother n.兄；弟brown n & a n.褐色，棕色a.褐色的，棕色的brunch n.早午饭（晚早饭）brush v & n v.刷；擦n.刷子Buddhism n.佛教budget n.预算buffet n.自助餐build(built, built)v.建筑；造building n.建筑物；房屋；大楼bunch n.串,束,扎,大量,大批bungalow n.<英>平房;<美>单层小屋，多于一层的小屋burden n.（义务，责任的）重担，负担bureaucratic a.官僚的，官僚主义的，官僚作风的burglar n.入室窃贼burn(burnt, burnt或-ed, -ed)v & n v.燃，烧，着火；使烧焦；使晒黑n.烧伤晒伤burst v.突然发生；突然发作bury vt.埋；葬bus n.公共汽车bush n.灌木丛，矮树丛business n.工作，职业；职责；生意，交易；事业businessman&woman(pl businessmen&women)n.商人（男&女）；男&女企业家busy a.忙（碌）的but conj & prep conj.但是，可是prep.除了,除……外butcher n & v n.vt.肉店；屠夫屠宰（动物）；残杀（人）butter n.黄油，奶油butterfly n.蝴蝶button n & v n.纽扣；（电铃等的）按钮v.扣（纽扣）buy(bought, bought)vt.买by prep.在…旁边;表示方式;由于;经过bye intint.再见，回头见;Ccab n.（美）出租车cabbage n.卷心菜，洋白菜cafe n.咖啡馆，小餐厅cafeteria n.自助餐厅cage n.笼；鸟笼cake n.蛋糕，糕点；饼calculate v.计算，核算，推测call n & v n.喊，叫；电话，通话v.称呼；呼唤；喊，叫calm a & v a.镇静,沉着的v.镇静沉着camel n.骆驼camera n.照相机；摄像机camp n & v n.（夏令）营vi.野营,宿营campaign n.运动，战役can 1(could); aux.可以;能;能够;可能can 2n.罐头;（用金属或塑料制作的）容器;（马口铁或其他金属制作的）食品罐头can’t=cannot modal vcanal n.运河；水道cancel vt.取消cancer n.癌candidate n.候选人，申请人candle n.蜡烛candy n.糖果canteen n.餐厅；食堂cap n.帽子；（瓶子的）盖；（钢笔等的）笔套capital n.首都.省会.大写；资本capsule n.（药）胶囊captain n.（海军）上校；船长，舰长；队长caption n.（图片，漫画等的）说明文字car n.汽车，小卧车carbon n.碳card n.卡片；名片；纸牌care n & v n.照料，保护；小心v.介意……，在乎；关心careful a.小心，仔细，谨慎的careless a.粗心的，漫不经心的carpenter n.木工，木匠;carpet n.地毯carriage n.四轮马车;（火车）客车厢carrier n.搬运者；媒介;（自行车等的）置物架；货架carrot n.胡萝卜carry vt.拿，搬，带，提，抬，背，抱，运等cartoon n.动画片，卡通；漫画carve vt.刻；雕刻case n.情况；病例；案件；真相n.箱；盒；容器cash n & v n.现金，现钞v.兑现cassette n.盒式录音带;摄影胶卷暗匣，弹夹;珠宝箱，宝匣cast(cast, cast)v.扔，抛，撒castle n.城堡casual a.漫不经心的，不经意的，非正式的cat n.猫catalogue n.目录，一览表;（美）大学情况便览;展览目录;产品样本;catastrophe n.大灾难;惨败;悲剧的结局;地表突然而猛烈的变动，灾变catch(caught, caught)v.接住；捉住；赶上；染上（疾病）category n.类别，种类cater v.提供饮食，承办酒席Catholic a.天主教的cattle n.牛（总称），家畜cause n & v n.原因，起因vt.促使，引起，使发生caution n.谨慎，小心，警告cautious a.小心的，谨慎的cave n.洞，穴；地窖CD=compact disk n.光盘ceiling n.天花板，顶棚celebrate v.庆祝celebration n.庆祝；庆祝会cell n.（监狱的）单人牢房；小蜂窝，蜂房；细胞cent n.美分（100cents=1dollar）centigrade a.摄氏的centimetre(Am centimeter)n.公分，厘米central a.中心，中央；主要的centre(Am center)n.中心，中央century n.世纪，百年ceremony n.典礼，仪式，礼节certain a.确定的，无疑的；一定会…certificate n.证明，证明书chain n.链；链条chair n.椅子chairman&woman(pl chairmen&women)n.主席&女主席，会长&女会长；议长&女议长chalk n.粉笔challenge n.挑战(性)challenging a.具有挑战性的champion n.冠军，优胜者chance n.机会，可能性change n & v n.零钱；找头v.改变，变化；更换；兑换changeable a.易变的，变化无常的channel n.频道；通道；水渠chant v.&n.反复呼喊chaos n.混乱，杂乱，紊乱chapter n.章character n.（汉）字.字体；品格characteristic a & n a.典型的，独特的charge v & n v.收费；索价；将(电池)充电n.费用；价钱chart n.图表；航海图chat n.&vi.聊天，闲谈cheap a.便宜的，贱cheat n.&v.骗取，哄骗；作弊check n & v n.检查；批改vt.校对，核对；检查；批改cheek n.面颊，脸蛋cheer n.&vi.欢呼；喝彩cheerful a.兴高采烈的，快活的cheers int int.干杯，(口)谢谢，再见cheese n.奶酪chef n.厨师长，主厨chemical a & n a.化学的n.化学品chemist n.药剂师；化学家chemistry n.化学cheque(Am check)n.支票chess n.棋chest n.箱子；盒子；胸部chew vt.咀嚼chicken n.鸡；鸡肉chief a & n a.主要,首要的n.领导，头child(pl children) n.孩子，儿童childhood n.幼年时代，童年chocolate n.巧克力choice n.选择；抉择choir n.教堂的唱诗班;唱诗队;公开表演的合唱团;（教堂）唱经楼choke n.&v.窒息choose(chose, chosen)vt.选择chopsticks n.筷子;筷子;(chopstick的名词复数) chorus n.合唱;合唱队;（歌曲的）副歌;合唱歌（曲）Christian n.基督教徒和天主教徒的总称Christmas n.圣诞节（12月25日）church n.教堂；教会cigar n.雪茄烟cigarette n.纸烟，香烟cinema n.电影院；电影circle n.&vt.圆圈将…圈起来circuit n.环形路线，巡回赛circulate vt.（使）循环;（使）流通;（使）流传;散布;vi.传送，传递，传阅circumstance n.条件,环境,状况circus n.马戏团citizen n.公民；居民city n.市，城市，都市civil a.国内的；平民（非军人）的；民用的civilian n.平民，老百姓civilization n.文明clap vi.拍手；鼓掌clarify v.澄清，阐明class n.（学校的）班；年级；课classic a.一流的，典型的，有代表性的classify v.分类，归类classmate n.同班同学classroom n.教室claw n.（动物的）爪;（蟹等的）钳;爪形器具; clay n.黏土，泥土;（相对于灵魂而言的）人体，肉体;似黏土的东西;克莱;（男子名，Clayton的昵称）clean v & a vt.弄干净，擦干净a.清洁的，干净的cleaner n.清洁工.,清洁器.,清洁剂clear a.清晰；明亮的；清楚的clerk n.书记员；办事员；职员clever a.聪明的，伶俐的click v.点击（计算机用语）climate n.气候climb v.爬，攀登clinic n.诊所clock n.钟clone v n.克隆（无性繁殖出来的有机体群）close a & ad a.亲密的；近，靠近ad.靠近vt.关，关闭cloth n.布clothes n.衣服；各种衣物clothing n.(总称)衣服cloud n.云；云状物；阴影cloudy a.多云的，阴天的club n.俱乐部；纸牌中的梅花clumsy a.笨拙的，不灵巧的coach n.教练；马车；长途车coal n.煤；煤块coast n.海岸；海滨coat n.外套；涂层；表皮；皮毛vt.给……穿外套cocoa n.可可饮料;可可，可可粉;深褐色coffee n.咖啡coin n.硬币coincidence n.巧合，巧事coke n.可口可乐cold a & n a.冷的，寒的n.寒冷；感冒，伤风collar n.衣领；硬领colleague n.同事collect vt.收集，搜集collection n.收藏品，收集物college n.学院；专科学校collision n.碰撞;冲突;（意见，看法）的抵触;（政党等的）倾轧colour(Am color)n & v n.颜色vt.给…着色，涂色comb n & v n.梳子v.梳combine vt.使联合；使结合come(came, come)vi.来，来到comedy n.喜剧comfort n.安慰；慰问comfortable a.舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的command n.&v.命令comment n.评论commercial a.贸易的，商业的commit v.犯（罪，错），自杀commitment n.承诺,允诺,承担committee n.委员会common a.普通，一般；共有的communicate v.交际；传达（感情，信息等）communication n.交际,交往;通讯communism n.共产主义communist n & a n.共产主义者a.共产党的；共产主义的companion n.同伴；同事company n.公司compare vt.比较，对照compass n.罗盘，指南针compensate vt.抵消;补偿，赔偿;报酬;vi.补偿，弥补compete vi.比赛，竞赛competence n.能力,胜任,管辖权competition n.比赛，竞赛com pl ete a & v a.完成vt.完成，结束com pl ex a.&n.复杂的，建筑群component n.组成部分，部件composition n.作文；作曲comprehension n.理解compromise v.妥协,折中,让步compulsory a.强制的,必须做的computer n.电子计算机concentrate v.聚精会神concept n.概念concern v.&n.涉及，关心concert n.音乐会；演奏会conclude v.完成，结束conclusion n.结论；结束concrete a.混凝土制的condemn vt.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责;宣判;宣布…不能使用;迫使…陷于不幸的境地condition n.条件，状况conduct vt.引导，带领conductor n.管理人；指导者；售票员，列车员；指挥conference n.(正式的)会议；讨论confident a.自信的confidential a.机密的，保密的confirm v.证实，证明，确认conflict n.冲突，争执，争论confuse v.使迷惑，混淆congratulate vt.祝贺congratulation n.祝贺，庆贺connect v.连接，把…联系起来connection n.连接物;接触,联系conscience n.良心，良知，内疚consensus n.一致;舆论;一致同意，合意consequence n.结果，后果conservation n.保存；（自然资源的）保护，管理conservative a.保守的，守旧的；谨慎的n.保守的人consider vt.考虑considerate a.体贴的consideration n.考虑；关心consist v.包含，组成，构成consistent a.一致的，始终如一的，连续的constant a.经常的，不断的constitution n.宪法，章程，身体素质construct v.构筑；建造，建设construction n.建造,建设,建筑物consult v.咨询，商量consultant n.顾问consume v.消耗，耗费（燃料，能量，时间等）contain v.包含；包括；能容纳container n.容器;箱，匣;集装箱，货柜contemporary a.属同时期的，同一时代的content 1n.内容content 2 a.甘愿的,满意的continent n.大陆，大洲；陆地continue vi.继续contradict v.反驳，驳斥，批驳contradictory a.相互矛盾,对立的contrary n.&a.相反相反的contribute v.贡献contribution n.贡献control v & n vt.&n.控制controversial a.引起争论的,有争议的convenience n.便利convenient a.便利的，方便的conventional a.依照惯例的，习惯的conversation n.谈话，交谈convey v.表达，传递（思想，感情等）convince v.使确信，使信服cook n & v n.炊事员,厨师v.烹调,做饭cooker n.炊具(锅、炉灶、烤炉等)cookie n.饼干;小甜点;吸引人的年轻妇女;甜面包cool a.凉的，凉爽的；酷copy n & v n.抄本，副本；v.抄写；复印；备份corn n.玉米，谷物corner n.角；角落；拐角corporation n.（大）公司correct v & a v.改正；纠正a.正确的，对的；恰当的correction n.改正correspond vi.一致；与……相当；通信，有书信往来corrupt a & v adj.堕落的，道德败坏的;贪污的，腐败的;腐烂的;（文献等）错误百出的;vt.使腐败;使堕落;使腐烂;vi.腐化;堕落;腐烂cost n & v n.价钱，代价;花费，费用;牺牲;[用复数][法律]诉讼费;vi.价钱为，花费;估计成本;vt.付出代价;估价;使丧失;使付出努力cosy(Am cozy) a.舒适的，惬意的;畅快的;亲切友好的;cottage n.(郊外)小屋,村舍,别墅cotton n & a n.棉花a.棉花的cough n.&vi.咳嗽could modal v.（can的过去式）可以…；可以…，行count vt.数，点数counter n.柜台，结账处country n.国家；农村，乡下countryside n.乡下，农村cou pl e n.夫妇，一对courage n.勇气；胆略course n.过程；经过；课程court n.法庭；法院courtyard n.天井;庭院，院子cousin n.堂（表）兄弟，堂（表）姐妹cover n & v n.盖子；罩v.覆盖，遮盖；掩盖cow n.母牛，奶牛crash v.&n.碰撞，撞击crayon n.彩色蜡笔或粉笔;crazy a.疯狂的cream n.奶油，乳脂create vt.创造；造成creature n.生物，动物credit n.信用；信赖；信誉crew n.全体船员crime n.（法律上的）罪，犯罪criminal n.罪犯criterion(pl criteria)n.标准，准则，原则crop n.庄稼；收成cross n & v a.脾气不好的，易怒的n.十字vt.越过；穿过crossing n.十字路口，人行横道crossroads n.交叉路口crowd n & v n.人群vt.拥挤，群聚cruel a.残忍的，残酷的；无情的cry n & v n.叫喊；哭声v.喊叫；哭cube n.立方体cubic a.立方体的，立方形的cuisine n.饭菜，佳肴culture n.文化cup n.茶杯cupboard n.碗柜；橱柜cure n.&vt.治疗；医好curious a.好奇的；奇异的currency n.货币；现金curriculum n.全部课程，课程curtain n.窗帘cushion n.垫子custom n.习惯，习俗，风俗习惯customer n.（商店）顾客，主顾customs n.海关，关税cut(cut, cut)v.&n.切，剪，削，割,伤口cycle vi.骑自行车cyclist n.骑自行车的人Ddad=daddy n.（口）爸爸，爹爹daily a, ad & n a.每日的；日常的ad.每天n.日报dam n.水坝，堰堤damage n.&vt.毁坏，损害damp a.&n.潮湿（的）dance n.&vi.跳舞danger n.危险dangerous a.危险的dare v & modal vt.敢;敢做;激;（某人做某事）问;（某人）有没有胆量（做某事）vi.敢;敢于;大胆;无畏于;aux.敢，竟敢;dark a & n.黑暗；暗处；日暮a.黑暗的；暗淡的深色的darkness n.黑暗，阴暗dash v.&n.快跑，冲刺，短跑data n.资料，数据database n.资料库，数据库date n & v n.日期；约会n.枣daughter n.女儿dawn n.黎明，拂晓day n.（一）天，（一）日；白天dead a.死的；无生命的deadline n.最后期限，截止日期deaf a.聋的deal n.量，数额；交易dear a.亲爱的；贵的death n.死debate n.&v.讨论，辩论debt n.债务；欠款decade n.十年期decide v.决定；下决心decision n.决定；决心declare vt.声明；断言decline v.减少,下降,衰退,谢绝decorate vt.装饰…，修饰…decoration n.装饰，修饰decrease v.减少，减小，降低deed n.行为；事迹deep a & ad a.深ad.深；深厚deer n.鹿defeat vt.击败；战胜defence(Am defense)n.&v.防御；防务defend vt.防守；保卫degree n.程度；度数；学位delay n & v.&n.拖延，延误，延迟，延期；耽搁delete v & n v.删去deliberately ad.故意,蓄意,存心delicate a.易损的，易碎的delicious a.美味的，可口的delight n.快乐；乐事delighted a.高兴的，快乐的deliver vt.投递（信件，邮包等）demand vt.要求dentist n.牙科医生department(Dept.)n.部门；（机关的）司，处；（大学的）系departure n.离开，启程depend vi.依靠，依赖，指望；取决于deposit v.&n.订金，押金，放下，放置，储存depth n.深，深度describe vt.描写，叙述description n.描述，描写desert v & n.沙漠vt.舍弃；遗弃deserve v.（不用于进行时态）应得，应受design v & n.&vt.n.设计，策划图案，图样，样式desire v & n vt.&n.要求；期望desk n.书桌，写字台desperate a.（因绝望而）不惜冒险的，不顾一切的拼命的dessert n.甜点destination n.目的地，终点destroy vt.破坏，毁坏detective n.侦探determine vt.决定；决心develop v.发展；发达；（使）发育vt.冲洗（照片）development n.发展，发达，发育，开发devote vt.把…奉献,把…专用（于）devotion n.奉献，奉献精神diagram n.图表，图样dial vt.拨（电话号码）dialogue(Am dialog)n.对话diamond n.钻石，金刚石；纸牌中的方块diary n.日记；日记簿dictation n.听写dictionary n.词典，字典die v.死diet n.饮食differ v.相异，有区别difference n.不同different a.不同的，有差异的difficult a.难；艰难；不易相处difficulty n.困难，费力dig(dug, dug)v.挖（洞沟）,掘digest v.消化,领会digital a..数字的，数码的dignity n.庄重，庄严，尊严。

专题03词汇填空（解析版）近六年上海高考英语一年两考真题全收录+最新名校名卷好题精选一、2023年1月高考真题A.digestingB.distinctionC.examineD.identicalE.interveningF.liveG.mixtureH.perspectiveI.shockJ.spaceK.textingCommunication-a thing of the past?We all think we communicate all the time,and that's true.There's also non-verbal communication you could add into the mix-everything we're saying when we're not saying anything.But there's a(n)(31)_________between saying things to people,or liking and sharing a post on social media,and communication.I'm quite well connected-there's Twitter, Facebook.Instagram,Snapchat,iEverything,but sometimes communication starts to feel like a chore.Check this blog post,read that article someone shared,(32)______back to someone else,and answer their questions...Sometimes I feel like a cross between Siri and a mad juggler. Nothing seems to go in and I'm always mixing people up-asking someone how their band is going when they can't play an instrument or how the job search is going when someone's just written to say how depressed they are that they can't find a job.So it was quite a(n)(33)_________to spend New Year in the Highlands in Scotland with no phone signal,no internet and no‘communication’at all,apart from with the people I was with. Suddenly all the pressure to communicate disappeared.All of our conversations became slower, more inverted and far more interesting.We were a group of12,a(n)(34)________of couples and friends,only one of whom I was at university with,so I was meeting a bunch of'new people for the first time.Our conversations veered towards the banal and the humdrum in that we often discussed our plans for the day and what we were going to cook in the evening,but often theywent a lot farther and a lot deeper.Tucked up on the leather sofas,(35)_______dinner,we dissected Brexit and one person even changed their(36)________entirely!We shared ideas and theories,plots of books and plays and city trips we'd been on,described family troubles and gave advice,listened to work scenarios and offered pointers,and we had to talk and sketch and use words more than ever before,because you couldn't say,‘It's a great film,you should google it later.’Some of us even had sore throats from talking so much!In such a short(37)_______of time, due to the proximity of sharing interconnected cottages and verbal communication,I felt much closer to the new people I'd met and been speaking with than some other people I communicate with in my normal life.I don't think our common,current methods of communication come close to being in a small house with lots of people and having to communicate(38)________.The brevity of Twitter,the showiness of'Facebook,all these aspects contribute to a shallow form of communication that doesn't challenge you to(39)__________your feelings and motives enough.‘Liking’something is an instant response but what does it really say about your opinion of something?It's a(n)(40) ___________response to millions of other people,whereas you and your thoughts are unique.If we're not careful,perhaps we might forget how to communicate on a deeper lever.”【答案】31.B32.K33.I34.G35.A36.H37.J38.F39.C40.D【解析】31.B考查名词，表示差别、区别，用distinction。

上海2022高考英语试题及答案一、听力理解（A）根据所听对话，选择最佳答案。

1. What does the man suggest they do after lunch?A. Go for a walk.B. Watch a movie.C. Stay at home.Answer: A2. Why does the woman need to buy a new computer?A. Her old one is too slow.B. She wants to play new games.C. She needs it for her new job.Answer: C3. What is the man's opinion about the restaurant?A. The food is delicious.B. The service is poor.C. The prices are too high.Answer: B（B）根据所听短文，回答问题。

4. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The history of the city.B. The development of tourism.C. The importance of environmental protection.Answer: C5. What does the speaker suggest people do to help the environment?A. Plant more trees.B. Use public transportation.C. Both A and B.Answer: C二、阅读理解（A）阅读下面的短文，选择最佳答案。

Passage 1The article discusses the benefits of learning a second language. It states that learning a new language can improve cognitive abilities and enhance cultural understanding.6. What is the main idea of the article?A. The drawbacks of learning a second language.B. The advantages of learning a second language.C. The process of learning a second language.Answer: B7. According to the article, what can be a result of learninga new language?A. Better job opportunities.B. Improved memory and concentration.C. Increased travel expenses.Answer: B（B）阅读下面的短文，回答问题。

词汇手册P部分精华版重点141—145 页1. at a …pace 以一个…的速度keep pace with the times = keep up with ~ 与时俱进2.the Pacific (Ocean) 太平洋3. a pack of cigarettes 一盒香烟be packed with… 挤满，充满pack A into/in B 把A 装入Bpack into sth 使…爆满4. a package of sth 一袋子…; 一套…,一揽子(交易/计划等)package sth (up) 将…包装好packaging Un. 包装材料; 外包装; 包装(工作)5. a packet of biscuits 一袋饼干6.have a pain in one’s back 背疼be in pain 痛苦; 疼痛take (great) pains to do sth 努力做某事；费尽力气做No pains, no gains 一分耕耘，一分收获it is painful for sb to do sth. 做…令人痛苦的7.paint sth +color 把…涂成…色paint the palace red 把宫殿涂成红色8.in pairs 成双的，成对的a pair of pants (pl.) 一条裤子pair A with B | pair A and B (together) 使…和…成对\配对9.go/turn pale 变得苍白10.cause a panic 引起恐慌get into a panic about sth 对…惊慌失措panic sb into doing sth 使仓促行事(panicked; panicking)11.a military parade 军事检阅12.be parallel to/ with…= parallel sth 与…平行的without parallel = beyond compare 无可比拟13.pardon sb for doing sth 原谅某人做某事14.parent --- parental adj. parenting Un. (父母)对孩子的养育15.a parking lot = a car park 停车场16.in part= partially= partly 部分地；在某种程度上for my part 至于我，对我来说for the most part 在大多数情况下on the part of sb\ on sb’s part 由某人所为; 就某人而言play a part/ a role in… 在…中起作用take an active part in= be active in…积极参加..;热心于…part with … 跟…分手; 放弃/ 丧失…17.participate in sth= be a participant in sth 参与…participate in the parade 参与那次游行take part in … = get involved in … = play a part\ role in…participation Un. 参与(～in sth.)18.be particular about/ over… 对…挑剔的，对…讲究的in particular= particularly 特别，尤其19.partner (with) sb 联手,合伙;合股..a trading partner 贸易伙伴20.pass sth (on) to sb 把…传递给某人pass on sth 传授pass\hand sth down from generation to generation世代相传\流传pass away 去世pass out 昏过去pass by 经过/通过…get a pass in sth 通过，合格21.passage n. 通过;通道;法案的通过; 航道;文章段落22.passenger n. 旅客passer-by n. 过路人(pl. passers-by)23.have a passion for sth. = be passionate about sth. 酷爱; 对…有热情with passion 充满激情地24.passive adj. 被动的; 消极的25.apply for a passport 申请护照26.in past centuries/ages 在过去的世纪\时代(完成式)in the past 在过去27.pat sb on the shoulder 轻拍某人肩膀28.apply for/obtain a patent/ˈpæt(ə)nt/ on sth 申请\获得…专利发明权29.the path to success 成功之路30.be patient with sb= have patient with sb 对….有耐心opp. impatient31.patriotic adj. 爱国的32.set the pattern for sb 为…设立模范\典范cultural pattern 文化模式33.pause for a moment 停一会儿pause vi./ Cn. 暂停；中止；停顿34.pave the way for sth. 为...铺平道路/创造条件35.pay off 奏效(pay off)；还清(pay off sth)pay off debts 还清债务pay for sth. 付费/付出代价pay (sb) money for sth 因…付某人钱pay sb back (sth)= pay sth back (to sb) 向某人还钱pay attention to sth. 注意; 重视get paid= get sb’s pay 得到报酬\ 领工资payment n. 付款;支付36.make peace with sb 与…和好maintain peace 维护和平in peace = peacefully 和平地peaceful adj. 和平的be at peace with 与…处于和平状态37.be at the peak of … 处于…巅峰/最佳状态the peak hour = the rush hour 高峰期(peak n./vi./adj)38.pearls of wisdom 金玉良言39.be peculiar to sb/ sth. 是…特有的（独特的）40.pedestrian Cn.步行者，行人adj.徒步的，步行的，行人的41.peer Cn. 同龄人；相匹敌的人penny n.便士pl. pennies或pence42.live on a pension 靠退休金生活(pension n./vt.)43.serve the people heart and soul 全心全意为人民服务people from all works of life 各行各业的人们people of all ages 各种年龄层次的人44.perceive sth\ that… 感知/察觉/意识到…perception Un. 知觉; 感知; 看法, 见解45.50 percent of the students are… 百分之五十的学生…50 percent of machinery is… 百分之五十的机器…46.a large\ great percentage of school books have…大部分教科书有…percentage n. 百分比/率; (全部中)所占比例47.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧perfect adj. 完美的；十足的v.使完美词汇手册P部分精华版重点146—149 页1. perform an operation/experiment/analysis 做手术/实验/分析perform on the piano 演奏钢琴give a performance 进行表演outperform vt. (效益上)超过，胜过performance n. 表演；进行；表现，性能, 业绩；履行2.over a 2-year period /a period of two years 在两年内3.on a permanent basis 永久地4.with/without permission 经过允许、未经允许permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事permit doing sth. 允许做某事Weather permitting,… 天气允许的话，…(独立主格结构) apply for a permit 申请许可证5.persevere in doing sth 坚持不懈做某事persevere with one’s work 不懈地工作perseverance Un. 毅力; 韧性; 不屈不挠的精神persevering adj. 坚忍不拔的; 不屈不挠的6.persist in doing (固执地)坚持做…persistent adj. 执著的; 不屈不挠的; 坚持不懈的persistence Un. 坚持; 锲而不舍7.in person 亲自，亲身personal belongings/possessions 个人财产have a strong personality 个性很强personalize vt. 为个人特制(或专设)8.from the perspective of sth. 从…角度provide a wider perspective on sth 提供关于…更广阔的视角9.persuade sb. to do sth. / into doing sth 说服某人做某事persuade sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不去做某事persuasion Un. 说服; 劝说persuasive adj.有说服力的;令人信服的10.at the petrol/gas station 在加油站11.the cultural phenomenon 文化现象(pl. phenomena)12.a degree in philosophy 哲学学位philosopher Cn. 哲学家; 深思的人philosophical adj. 哲学的13.make a phone call to sb = phone sb= call sb up 给…打个电话= give sb a ringhang up/ answer the phone 挂断\接电话talk to sb. on /over the phone 用电话与某人交谈14.take photos/ photographs/ pictures of… 拍…照片photographic adj. 摄影的；摄影般的；逼真的photographer n. 摄影者photography Un. 摄影术；摄影15.physical adj. 物理的；身体的；物质的；实物的physical education 体育16.physician n. 内科医生17.a degree in physics 物理学学位physicist n. 物理学家; 物理学研究者18.the Nobel Prize in\ for Physiology or Medicine 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖physiological adj. 生理学的physiologist n. 生理学家19.play the piano 弹钢琴(pianist Cn. 钢琴家)20.pick out sth 选出，辨认出pick up 捡起；(偶然)获得,学会(语言)；接(某人); 鼓起pick up your courage 鼓起勇气pick off sth. 摘去，拔去21.have a picnic 野餐22.get a clear picture of… 清楚地了解…give a vivid picture of… 生动地描述…picture sb doing sth 想象某人做…23.go to pieces 破裂，粉碎smash sth into pieces 使…撞得粉碎a piece of advice/ information 一条建议; 信息piece sth. together 拼凑（综合）某物24.pigeon Cn. 鸽子25.pile sth (up) 把…堆放起来pile up 堆积a pile of / piles of sth 一大堆/好多…26.take a vitamin pill 吃维生素片27.pilot Cn.飞行员；领航员vt. (为船舶)引航; 驾驶(飞机等);带领,引导;试用/验adj.引航员的;指引的;试验性的;试点的28.pin n.别针;发夹vt.别住;订住(pinned) pine n. 松树29.a pioneer in the field …领域的创始人/开拓者(pioneer n./v.)30.pipe Cn. 管子；烟斗31.have pity on sb. 同情It’s a pity that sb should do sth. 真遗憾…32.in place 在正确位置; 在工作，准备就绪out of place 不在平常(适当的)地方；不适宜的take the place of 代替，取代take place 发生，举行in place of 代替in the first place 首先，第一，起初take one’s place 就坐；代替某人的职务33.in plain English 用简明的英语plain Cn.平原adj.明白的；简朴/易的(plainer; plainest) 34.as planned 按计划make plans for doing sth. 制定做某事的计划= plans for sth.plan to do sth. 计划做某事35.planet Cn.行星planetary /ˈplænətri/ adj. 行星的36.a chemical plant 化工厂37.plastic adj.塑料制的n.(-s) 塑料制品38.plate Cn. 盘子；盆子playground Cn. 操场39.at platform 1 在一号站台/平台40.at play 在玩耍put on (= perform) a play 演出戏剧play a part/role in 在…方面扮演…角色play a trick/tricks (on sb) 捉弄41.be pleased with 对…感到高兴(满意)be pleased to do sth. 高兴做某事a pleasant climate 令人愉快的气候with pleasure 很荣幸，很高兴地take pleasure in doing sth 从…得到乐趣It’s a pleasure to do sth 做某事是一种乐趣42.plenty of eggs/money 充裕的鸡蛋/钱(plentiful 充足的；多的)43.plug Cn. 插头plus prep. 加; 加上; 且有n. 优势44.plunge vt. 纵身投入；陷入；投身45.跳入水中/陷入债务中/冲进着火的房子/投身于讨论plunge into water / debt / aburning building / a discussion46.plunge into sth 跳入；使陷入；投身于…plunge a country into war /sb into despair 使…陷入战争/绝望47.a pocket dictionary 袖珍词典词汇手册P部分精华版重点150—154 页1. poem Cn.诗；诗体文poet n.诗人poetry Un.【总称】诗；诗篇poetic adj.诗歌的; 富有诗意的2.off the point 不着边际；离题to the point 切题；中肯be on the point of doing sth. … when … 刚要（正要）…这时…= be about to do sth. ….when…There is no point in doing sth 做某事没有意义prove a point 证明一个论点/一种想法point out sth./ that 指出point to sth 提出，指出(重要的事或理由)/ 暗示…point to/at… 指着point A at/to/towards B 以A瞄准（对着）B3.poison n.毒药；毒物v.使中毒；毒害poisonous adj. 有毒的4.the North/South Pole 北极；南极polar adj. 极地的5.call the police 叫警察6.adopt (a) policy on sth. 采取关于…的措施7.polish shoes 擦鞋polish sth up. 改善8.be polite to sb. 对某人礼貌it is polite of sb to do sth. 某人做某事是有礼貌的= it is good manners to do sth.out of politeness 出于礼貌9.political adj. 政治的politician n.政治家；政客politics n.政治；政治活动politicize vt.使政治化;使参与/卷入政治10.be polluted with\by waste 被废弃物污染pollution Un. 污染11.be poor in sth 缺乏… opp. be rich/ high in sth.be poor at = be bad at sth 不擅长…a poverty of sth./ a lack of sth. …缺乏\不足12.a pop song 流行歌曲be popular with/among sb 在……中受欢迎win/lose popularity with/among sb 受到/不受…的欢迎13.have a population of 6000 拥有6000人口a large population 人口众多populate vt. 居住于; 生活于; 构成…的人口14.port n. 港口harbor vt. 转移; 移植(软件)15.portable adj.便于携带的；轻便的n. 便携式电器16.portion n. 一部分；一份17.portrait Cn. 肖像；画像18.be (not) in a position to do sth. 能够做某事/没有权利或能力做某事be in position 在适当的位置，就位out of position 不在适当的位置上hold the position of (as) 担任…position n.位置；方位；职位；地位vt. 安装；安置；使处于19.have a positive effect on sth. 对…有积极作用on the positive side 从好的方面看be positive about sth. 对…有把握/…确信test positive 检测呈阳性20.sb take possession of/be in possession of sth. 拥有…= sb possess sthsth be in the possession of sb 被…拥有personal possessions 私人物品be possessive about sth. 独占…21.There is a possibility of /that… 有可能…There is no possibility of/ that 没有…可能性(syn. probability/ chance) It is possible for sb. to do sth. 某人（可）能做某事It is possible that …. 可能… (opp. impossible) find it possible to do/that… 发现做…是可能的as… as possible=as… as one can 尽可能……22.hold a post/a position as… 担任….职位take up/resign from a post 就职/辞职send a postcard by post 邮寄明信片post sth (off) (to sb) | post sb sth 给某人邮寄post posters 张贴海报postage Un. 邮资;邮费postal adj. 邮政的；邮局的postcode n. 邮编postman n. 邮递员23.postpone… until/to… 把……推迟到postpone doing sth. 推迟（延期）做某事24.pots and pans 锅碗瓢盆25.have the potential to do sth. 有做…的潜力have the potential for sth. 有…可能性potential adj. 潜在的Un. 潜在性; 可能性26.pour into sth 涌入pour money into sth 大量投资于pour (sth) out 倾诉，倾倒27.live in poverty 生活在贫困中a poverty of color= a lack of sth. …缺乏/不足28.powder n. 粉末；火药29.a power plant 发电厂a power cut/failure 停电come into/to power 上台，执政in power 执政beyond one’s power 超出能力范围have the power to do sth. 有权力做…be powerless to do… 做某事无能为力power…up 给…供电powerful adj. 有权势的, 有影响力的; 大功率的30.empower sb to do sth. 使…有权做…; 使…有做…的自主权31.put… into practice 把…付诸于实践in practice 实际上，在实践中= in reality/ fact/ effect It is his practice to do sth. 做…是某人的习惯practice sth./doing练习practise for …为…练习，实习(v.)practise/practice medicine 行医a practised/practice man 一个技艺熟练的人practical experience 实际经验32.praise sb. for sth. 因为某事赞扬某人in praise of sb. /sth. 赞扬某人、某事sing the praises of sb.= sing sb.’s praises… 赞扬某人33.pray (to sb) (for….) 为…向…祈祷34.precious adj. 珍贵的；贵重的35.to be precise 确切地说；准确地说36.predict sth\ that\ what…| be predicted to do…预测…｜被预测做…make predictions about sth. 预测…37.prefer to do sth\ prefer doing sth 更喜爱做…prefer doing sth to doing sth 比起做…更喜欢做…=prefer to do sth rather than do sth = would rather do sth than do sthsth .be preferable to (doing) sth/ to do sth …比…好/ 适合express a strong preference for sth 表示尤为喜欢…38.get/become pregnant 怀孕during pregnancy 在怀孕期间39.a prejudice against/ in favor of…对…偏见/偏爱prejudice sb against … 使…对…形成偏见40.prepare (sb) for sth. (使某人)为某事做准备prepare (oneself) to do sth 准备干…be (well) prepared for sth/to do sth 准备好做… = be ready for sth\ to do sth.make preparations for sth/to do sth 为…做准备41.present sth to sb = present sb with sth 颁发/授予某人某物for the present 眼前，暂时at present 目前，现在be present at the meeting 出席会议the present students 现有学生the students present 到场学生in the presence of …= in sb.’s presence 在…面前；有…在场give a presentation of sth. 对…作陈述; 演示…presentation n. 赠送，呈现，授课，上演42.preserve…from…保护(使免受破坏)preserve endangered animals from extinction 保护濒危动物免遭灭绝preserve food from decay 防止食物腐烂preservation Un. 保护；保存43.press sb for sth/into doing sth 催促/逼迫某人做…press a button 按按钮be under pressure 承受压力put pressure on sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事release the pressure 释放压力44.the press conference 记者招待会press n. [the press] (总称)报刊；报/新闻业; 新闻/报刊评论45.pretend to do / to be doing / to have done 假装做某事/正在做某事/已经做完某事make no pretence of sth. 未假装…46.I’m pretty sure that… 我相当肯定…pretty adv. 颇; 相当adj. 漂亮的; 美丽的(prettier; prettiest) 47.prevent/ stop sb.(from) doing sth. 阻止某人干某事= keep sb from doing sthprevention Un. 预防；防止preventive adj. 预防性的；防备的48.preview vt. & n. 预习；预演; 试映; 预展49.previous adj. 先的；先前的the day previous to our visit 我们访问的前一天50.be/fall prey to sth. 被捕食；受害prey on/upon sb/sth 捕食/欺凌51.at any price 不惜任何代价pay a price for sth. 为…付出代价put a price on 给……定价/标价at a high price 以很高的价钱special price 特价be priced at 40$ 标价为40元52.pride oneself on … 引以为豪take pride in … 以…为骄傲= be proud of…53.primary adj. 最初的，初等的，主要的，基本的a primary/an elementary school 小学54.principal adj. 最重要的；主要的Cn. 为首的人；中小学校长；大学校长55.in principle 原则上; 大体上，基本上on principle 依据自己的原则/所确定的信念be\go against your principles 违背你的原则56.print vt. 打印；印刷；打上印记；铭记vi. 印刷Cn. 印刷的字; 印刷(术、业、品) printing Un. 印刷；印刷术printer n. [计] 打印机；印刷/印花工57.a top/first priority 当务之急A take priority overB A优先于Bbe prior to sth 在…以前; 先于prioritize the needs of sb. 优先满足…需要58.be in prison 坐牢put/cast/throw sb. into prison 把某人关进监狱send sb. to prison 把某人送进监狱take sb. prisoner 俘虏某人hold/ keep sb. prisoner 囚禁某人词汇手册P部分精华版重点155—158 页1. in private 私下地private affairs 私事long for privacy 渴望隐私2.award the Nobel prize in literature to the winner 授予赢家诺贝尔文学奖= award sb sth.prize sth for sth. 因为…珍视…prize Cn. 奖品；奖赏adj. 作为奖品的; 获奖的vt. 重视,珍视syn. treasure ; 估价,评价3.weigh pros and cons 权衡利弊4.it is probable that… 很可能… (n. probability= likelihood)probably adv. 几乎肯定; 很可能; 大概5.fix major problems 解决主要问题(problematic adj.)6.maintenance procedures 维修程序/步骤7.proceed to do sth. 开始做(另一)某事proceed with sth. 继续进行(同一)某事proceed along (across, into, to ) + n. 沿着…走/前往…8.in process 在进行中= under wayin (the) process of 在…过程中，在…期间process vt. 处理；加工Cn. 过程；步骤；方法；程序anic products 有机产品produce v. 制造; 生产; 生(育); 引起; 产生; 提出; 出示; 上演; 创作Un.产品;(总称) (尤指新鲜水果/蔬菜等)农产品production Un. 生产productive adj. 生产的; 富有成效的; 多产的productivity Un. 生产率reproduce vt. 复制; 再生产, 再现v. 繁殖；生育10.an electrician by profession 职业是电工take up writing as his profession 以写作为职业professional adj. 职业的；专业人员的Cn. 专业人员；专家professor n. 教授11.make a profit 获利profit by/from sth 从…获益profitable adj. 有利的；有盈利的12.programe sb\ sth to do sth 训练\培养…做…program(me) n. 节目, 节目单；方案；程序vt.为…安排节目; 编制程序；使按预定步骤工作13.make progress in sth 在…取得进步in progress = be progressing 在进行中progressive adj. 进步的; 前进的14.prohibit/ ban/ forbid sb from doing sth. 禁止某人做…a prohibition/ ban on sth …禁令15.project the map onto the screen 将地图投映在屏幕上be projected to fall 被预测会下降project n.计划；方案；工程；科研项目；课题vt. 计划，规划；放映；提出16.promise sth (to sb) | promise sb sth 许诺某人某物promise (sb) to do sth. 答应(某人)做某事keep\make\break a promise (to do sth) 信守\许下\违背(做…的)诺言It promises to be fine tomorrow. 使很可能；预示promising adj. 有前途的；有出息的17.be promoted to headmaster 晋升到…promote growth/understanding 促进增长/了解promote new products 促销新产品promotion n. 提升, 晋级(~to sth); 促进, 促销(of..)18.a guide to English pronunciation 英语发音指南pronounce vt. 发…的音；宣称; 宣布19.There is no proof that… 没有证据证明…be proof against water 防/能抵御水water-proof 防水的20.in a proper manner 以适当的方式(opp. improper)21.public property 公共财产property Un. 所有物；财产；Un.不动产；房地产；Cn.庄园；房屋Cn.性质；特性22.out of proportion to 和…不相称，和…不成比例the proportion of A to B A和的B比例The proportion of boys to girls is 10 to 7. 比例A large proportion of the texts are original works.部分A large proportion of Nevada is deserts. 部分23.propose doing sth. 建议… (比suggest正式)propose that sb (should).. 建议某人做…propose to sb. 向某人求婚propose to do sth. 想要（打算）做某事put forward a proposal for sth/ to do sth/that…(should)提出一项做…的建议proponent n. 倡导者;支持者= advocate24.prospect for oil/gold 勘探(土地)以获取石油the prospect of sth. …的可能the prospect for sth 对…的希望，展望25.protect… from/against 保护……免受under one’s protection 在某人的保护下26.protein n. 蛋白质27.start\ stage a protest against sth. 发起\ 进行反对…的抗议make a protest against…=protest against sth 向…提出抗议without protest 毫无怨言地28.be proud of… 为…而感到骄傲= take (a) pride in …29.prove (to be) +adj. 证明是，结果是prove oneself (to be) + adj. 向别人证明某人是…prove sth. (to sb.) (向某人)证明某事prove (to sb.) that… (向某人)证明…30.proverb n. 谚语；常言；俗语31.provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物offer sb sth = offer sth to sb supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb.provided (that) / providing (that)…=if 如果provision Un. 提供; 供给; 给养; 供应品32.province Cn. 省；行政区provincial adj.33.psychological tests 心理测试the psychology of the adolescent 青春期心理psychology Un. 心理学psychologist n.心理学家，心理学者34.a public figure 公众人物in public 当众，公开地be open(ed) to the public 对公众开放make sth public 使…公布publicize vt. 宣传，推广，宣扬publicity Un. 关注，宣传; 宣传工作, 宣传业35.pull in/out (火车)进站/离站pull through 渡过难关pull down 推翻，摧毁pull on/off (急忙)穿上/脱掉pull over 靠边停车(使…停车)pull up 停车36.publish vt.出版，发行publishing Un. 出版(业), 发行(业)37.publication Un\Cn.书刊等出版,发行;出版物publisher Cn. 出版者，出版38.take/feel my pulse 量脉搏39.pump water out of the mine 从矿井中抽水pump knowledge into tired students 向学生强行灌输知识pump n. 泵vt. 用泵充气；用泵抽水40.be punctual for appointments 准时赴约punctuality Un. 准时性41.punctuation Un. 标点符号punctuate v. 不时打断; 给…加标点符号42.punish sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事而惩罚某人punish sb. with a fine 处以罚金punishment n. 惩罚，处罚43.purchase sth 采购…make purchases 采购44.pure adj. 纯的; 十足的(purer; purest) purely adv. 仅仅; 完全purity Un. 纯洁; 纯净; 纯粹purify vt. 使（某物）洁净；净化45.be dressed in purple 穿一身紫色衣服46.on purpose 故意地for the purpose of 为了…目的serve no useful purpose 毫无用处47.pursue a goal/an objective 追求、实现目标48.in pursuit of sth 为了追求…49.push…aside 把…推到一旁push the door open/shut 推开门/关上门push one’s way through a crowd 从人群中挤出push sb. to do (into doing) sth. (敦促)促使某人做某事push on 继续前进(或进行活动)50.put …aside 留出(钱、时间)；把…搁置一旁put …away 把……收好，放好put…down 记下；镇压put…forward 提出（建议等）；拨快（钟表）put…in 插话；安装或设置put …off 推迟put …on 穿上；上演；开（灯，收音机等）put …out 拔出；伸出；生产；熄灭；出版put up 举起；搭建；张贴；留宿put up with 容忍；忍受put through 接通电话；使经历（难受的事）51.puzzle sth. out 想出，推敲出be puzzled by sth 对…感到困惑puzzle over\ about sth. 仔细琢磨…a puzzle to sb. 对…来说是个难题puzzlement Un. 迷惘; 困惑词汇手册Q部分精华版重点159 页1. quake with fear 吓得发抖(quake n./vi.)2.be qualified as… 有担任…的资格be qualified for sth./to do sth. 胜任做某事have qualifications for sth./to do sth. 有资格做，胜任…3.be of good / poor quality 质量好/差products of quality 优质产品rge quantities of water are polluted. 大量…A large quantity of water is badly needed here. 大量…A large quantity of books were burnt in the fire. 大量…in large quantities 大批5.quarrel (with sb..) about sth. 为了某事（同某人）吵架= have a quarrel with sb about/over sth…6.an hour and a quarter 一小时十五分钟7.be crowned queen 加冕为女王8.n. + in question 在议论中的out of/ beyond/ without question 没问题out of the question 不可能put a question to sb.. 向某人发问（提出疑问）9.jump the queue 插队be in the queue 排队queue up for sth/to do sth 排队等候…10.be quick at (doing) sth. 在（做）某事方面迅速be quick to do sth. 迅速做某事11.quiet/ quieten (sb/sth) (down) (使)平静，安静= calm (sb) downseek peace and quiet 寻求清净(quieter; quietest)12.quit doing 停止做某事(quit quit\ quitted quitted)13.quite a few 相当多的14.quiz n. pl. quizzes n. 测验15.quiz sb (about sb/sth) | quiz sb (on/over sth) 询问/查问某人…16.quote (sth) (from sb/sth) 从…引用quote a passage from the minister's speech 引用了部长的一段讲话quotation n. 引语; 引文; 语录; 引用。

第10讲高频词4+概要写作2+常考谚语+图片作文原卷版一、高频词二、概要写作的语言动手写作A. 摘要应尽量用自己的话完成。

不要直接引用原文的句子。

B. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。

这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。

C. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。

D. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。

只保留主要观点。

2) 选择一至两个例子。

原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。

3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。

如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。

4) 避免重复。

在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。

但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。

应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。

5) 压缩长的句子。

如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：”He was in financial difficulties.”6) 还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。

请看下面的例子："Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括为："Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and N ewsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”8）使用最短的连接词。

第6讲形近词6+阅读C+it用法+应用文申请信解析版一、高考形近词R1). render v.提出,呈报;使得;表演slender a.苗条的;微小的2). rent v.租,租赁;n.租金lease n.租约;v.出租3). require v.需要inquire v.询问acquire v.获得4). revenge n/v.报仇venge v.为...报仇5). reform改革inform通知，告知/informal非正式的transform变形6).resemble 相似（vt.）assemble 召集，聚集（vt.）assembly 集会，议会（n.）7). reserve 自然保护区（n.），保留，预定（vt.）reverse 颠倒，逆转（vt.）revise 修订，复习（vt.）8).religion 宗教（n.）region 地区（n.）9). represent 代表（vt.）present 呈现，赠送（vt.）；礼物（n.）；现场的（adj.）10).restrain 限制（vt.）retain 保持（vt.）11). remote 偏远的（adj.）promote 促进（vt.）12). respective 各自的,分别的respectable 值得尊敬的,令人尊敬的（adj.）respectful 有礼貌的,恭敬的（adj.）13).relieve缓解（vt.）release解放，释放（vt.）14). restrict 限制（vt.）distinct 地区（n.）15).rise vi.上升raise vt.筹集arise vi.起立，上升/arouse vt.引起（兴趣，好奇心）S 1). scare n/v.惊吓scarce adj.缺乏的scarf n.围巾scar n.伤疤2).second v.赞成,支持;adj.次等的,第二的;n.秒secondary a.中级的,次要的;n.代理人3).sensible明智的sensitive敏感的4).serve服务severe 严重的；严峻的5). selection 挑选（n.）election 选举（n.）6).sign 标志，迹象（n.）；签名（vt.）symbol 象征（n.）signal 信号（n.）；发信号（vt.）sigh 叹气（vt.）（n.）symptom 症状（n.）7). sympathy 同情（n.）synthetic 人工的（adj.）symptom 症状（n.）8). shallow a.浅的;浅薄的swallow v.吞下,咽下; n.燕子9). sole a.单独的,唯一的;n.鞋底pole n.柱,杆;磁极,电极role n.角色;作用10). sort n.种类; v.分类,整理resort v.(to)求助;n.胜地;对策11).source 来源（n.）resource 资源（n.）12). store 商店（n.）restore 修复（vt.）13). spite n./v.恶意,怨恨despite prep.不管,不顾14).specially特地，专门especially尤其specific明确的，具体的15). stationery n.文具stationary adj.固定的station n.车站;v.安置16).state状态；陈述status地位statistics统计；统计数据statue雕塑17). steal n/v.偷steel n.钢18). stop n/v.停止stoop v.弯腰;堕落,卑屈; n.弯腰loop n.圈,环19). strike v.打;n.罢工stick v.坚持;戳;n.棍strict adj.严格的20).survive生存evolve进化involve牵涉；涉及21).subject to顺从object to反对reject to拒绝objective客观的subjective主观的T1). tidy adj.整洁的,整齐的; v.（使）整洁,（使）整齐tide n.潮,潮流2). through prep.通过thorough adj.彻底的though conj/adv.尽管3).tolerant adj. 宽容的,容忍的tolerable adj. 可接受的,过得去的;令人不快/痛苦的;仅仅可以忍受的4).tone语气；语调tune曲调5).tend to do 倾向于做……，tendency (n.) 倾向intend to do 打算做……，intention (n.) 目的6).test 文本（n.），测试（vt.）text 编辑短信（vt.）二、语法填空1.“Our lives nowadays are so busy. We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, on our laptops.________ ________ ________ busy we are, we need to press pause on that and actually sit down and speak to human beings,” Leadbetter said at an event last year.答案：No matter how解析：考察让步状语从句，busy提前。