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Lesson Fifteen

Lesson Fifteen

loose adj.松的；宽松的；丌确切的；丌牢固的；放 纵的 n.解放；放任；放纵 v.弄松；释放；放枪 adv.松散地
loosely adv.松弛地；宽松地；丌严谨地 looseness n.松弛；漠然 sit loosely upon丌为 ... 所重视... sit loosely on丌大能约束(丌受注意...) microscopic adj.显微镜的；极小的；微观的 microscope n. 显微镜 microscopically adv.用显微镜
• 名词: degenerateness 副词: degenerately • disposition • n.性情；倾向；安排；处置；控制；[计算机] 配置情况 at〔in〕 sb's disposition 随某人支配 disposition of… 的处置
distinction n.荣誉；差别；优秀；对比；区分 exterminate vt.消灭；扑灭；根绝 形容词: exterminative 名词: extermination
allegiance [ə'li:dʒəns]
n.1(诸侯对其封建君主的)忠顺；(臣民对君主的)臣 服义务，臣从 ; 2(对统治者、政府、国家等的)效忠，忠诚 ; 3(对亊业、团体、个人等的)忠诚，忠贞；献身；热 爱；拥戴，爱戴 ; 4(侨民对所在国政府的)效忠义务; 5效忠对象
anaconda n. 水蟒；蟒蛇 • appease • vt.1.使镇静，使平静；使缓和，使息怒，平息(纷 争、怒气等)： • 2.(以满足对方要求等让步方式)抚慰，安抚；姑息， 绥靖 • 3.对…的要求做出让步：[ 过去式 • 4.使(欲望、胃口等)得以满足，满足(好奇心、要 求等)，充(饥)，解(渴)，缓解(饥渴等)： • appeasement n.平息；缓和；姑息；绥靖政策 • appeaser n.劝解人

分析The Damned Human Race中的写作手法1

分析The Damned Human Race中的写作手法1

分析The Damned Human Race中的写作手法1
“该死的人类”是马克·吐温晚年的口头禅。

在杂文《什么是人》（1906）和他死后发表的中篇小说《神秘的陌生人》中，无所顾忌地表现了对人类的失望和绝望。

词汇衔接构建语篇主题的文体功能分析——以The Damned Human Race为例，来分析其写作手法。

The Damned Human Race可恶的人类。

human being和human和human race的区别为：指代不同，用法不同，侧重点不同。

一、指代不同。

1、human being：人。

2、human：人的。

3、human race：人类。

二、用法不同。

1、human being：有时human还可写成human being，此时不仅与人以外的事物，特别是动物相区别，而且更强调与神、精灵等相区别的“人（类）”，其复数形式是human beings。

2、human：human是可数名词，知指包括男人、女人、孩子的“人，人类”，指有别于动物、自然景物、机器等的特殊群体，也可指具体的“人”。

3、human race：human的基本意思是“人的，显示人道本性的”，指具有人的特征或气质，使之区别于动物而仅属于人的好的或坏专的特性。

还可指某人富有仁慈之心，善于体谅别人，使人感觉到温暖，
即“有人情味的”。

三、侧重点不同。

1、human being：强调作为一种存在的人。

2、human：兼有形容词属词性。

3、human race：仅指人类，人种。

阅读河流 马克吐温

阅读河流 马克吐温

3) The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)
A story written for boys, full of horror and joys of childhood.Generations after generations of young people have held it dear to their hearts. Tom Sawyer is sure to be studied in American schools as The Declaration of Independence.
4. The writer H. L. Mencken(美国语言学家、新闻记者
孟肯) called “the true father of our national literature” and “America’s most famous humorist”and was widely consideredas the author of popular and outstanding autobiographical works, travel books and novels. 5.Remarks: Mark Twain is a part of America. His personal success and failure were those of America. He moved, along with America, from innocence to experience. 6.Ernest Hemingway : All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn. ... There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since.

大学英语精读the-damned--human-race

大学英语精读the-damned--human-race
（all from document） 10
Nowadays, men are others' slave for wages and at the same time they enslave those who are under him. (from document)
11
He was bitterly against colonialist and imperialist wars of his time, which were usually fought under patriotic slogans.(from document)
measure.
4 Man is the only religious animal.
9
1. Many historical events show that humans do not cherish the life but wantonly put to death with atrocious cruelty for pleasure.
The animals only accumulate food for their survival in winter. They don’t accumulate vast stores of food.（ experiment & document）
6
Statement 3
Humans invented indecency, vulgarity and obscenity and these are confined to man.
other calves.
By experiment
By document
4
Statement 2

the Mysterious Stranger

the Mysterious Stranger
The Mysterious Stranger
《神秘陌生人》
(1897-1910)
Features
serious social commentary ideas of the Moral Sense and the "damned human race“ Pessimism and desperate
他穿着一套质地非常好式样优雅的新衣服，长得星眸秀目，潇洒俊朗，他有一张 令人无法抗拒的面容以及慑人心魄的声音，他还有落落大方、超凡脱俗的气质， 高贵得令人自惭形秽。他神采奕奕，星眸流转，优雅脱俗的气质中透出出自内心 的沉着镇定，以及超乎一切的自信。
Fragment
A young man who was suspected of being a heretic(异教徒) was asked to confess to the charge(被逼招供犯罪), and he said he could not, for it was not true. Then he shrieked (尖叫) with the pain. Satan was not disturbed, but I felt faint(头晕的) and sick. I said it was a brutal thing(畜生的行径).
The name of the village
Eseldorf
Esel : "donkey" in German , can refer to a stupid or ignorant person “dorf”: village
So in essence it is a village of stupid people.
"Satan" or "No. 44"

英语精读讨论型课堂构建[论文]

英语精读讨论型课堂构建[论文]

试析英语精读讨论型课堂的构建摘要：英语精读课堂一直以来都是教师占据了课堂大多数时间讲解，课堂显得枯燥而乏味，不能充分体现以学生为中心的教学原则，学生也会逐渐失去对这门重要课程的兴趣。

所以笔者试图在英语精读课堂中构建讨论型课堂，充分发挥学生的学习能动性和积极性，让学生真正成为学习的主角。

关键词：讨论型课堂英语精读英语专业一、引言英语精读课程是英语专业学生低年级阶段的重要课程之一，也是英语专业学生学习的核心课程之一，它的重要性无容置疑。

但是长久以来，英语精读课程的教学都是以教师对阅读材料的讲解和补充为主，学生在课堂中发挥的能动性有限。

这样的教学模式限制了学生的发展，也不能有效的衔接高年级输出课程的教学，也不利于培养学生自主学习能力。

早在1993年，国外学者dickson就已经提出自主学习的重要性，也得到了国内外学者的验证和认可。

二、讨论型课堂及构建讨论型课堂教学给学生自主学习能力提供了较大空间。

在讨论过程中学生能自由地抒发己见，提高口头表达能力。

在全班交流时，学生又能自主地训练处理信息、输出信息的能力。

在讨论的过程中，学生不再是传统的接受，而是通过自己的阅读思考去习得知识，又发展能力。

通过相互讨论和共同探究，一方面可以加深自己的理解和感悟，另一方面又可以接受他人的评判和评判他人。

这种模式既能发挥竞争与合作的正效应，同时还可以培养学生适当的竞争意识，是一种具有时代性的互动模式。

探究、讨论、批判的过程中，这种多元互动使得学生的思维得到极大发展，更加容易激发学生自主构建知识结构，并发现自己的问题所在，从而获得发展。

比如在英语精读4上，马克吐温的the damned human race一文中，教师就可以创设情境让学生充分去讨论。

首先可以问的就是关于人性本善还恶，对于此学生肯定就不同的看法，彼此试图说服对方，既锻炼了英语知识的表达，也发展了学生的思维。

从不同的学生中可以看到不同的思维方式和知识面。

然后在课文的分析讨论中，可以去看看学生是同意马克吐温对人类的评价和看法，还是持有反对，以此加深对课文的理解，知识的学习，学生在学习和讨论过程中会与作者的思维产生碰撞，从而发展学生的思维方式。

the-damned-human-race


appease that appetite.
I knew that many men who have more money than they can ever use have shown a mad desire to get more, and they have not hesitated to cheat poor people and their few saving in order to satisfy that desire.
Paragraph 3
1. It also seemed to suggest that the earl was descended from the anaconda, and had lost a good deal in the transition.
It also seemed to show that the earl came from the anaconda and had lost a lot of the anaconda’s good qualities in the process.
to appease: to satisfy or relieve (hunger, thirst, desire, etc)
Paragraph 7
1.
Cats are loose in their morals, but not
consciously so. Man, in his descent from the cat, has
His masterpiece:
Innocents Abroad 1869 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 1876 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1885 Life on the Mississippi 1883 The Prince and the Pauper 1882

写一篇关于马克吐温的英语作文

写一篇关于马克吐温的英语作文Mark Twain, the Renowned American Humorist and AuthorMark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, was a renowned American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, and lecturer. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential authors in American literature. Twain's works have had a profound impact on the literary landscape, and his unique style of storytelling and social commentary have captivated readers for generations.Born in 1835 in the small town of Florida, Missouri, Twain's early life was marked by a series of challenges and hardships. His father, a hardware merchant, passed away when Twain was just 11 years old, leaving the family in financial distress. Despite these difficulties, Twain's childhood experiences would later serve as the inspiration for many of his most iconic works.After a brief stint as a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River, Twain began his career as a writer, initially working as a journalist and contributing to various newspapers and magazines. It was during this time that he adopted the pen name "Mark Twain," a term used by riverboat pilots to indicate the depth of the water.Twain's first major literary success came with the publication of his novel "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" in 1876. This coming-of-age story, set in the fictional town of St. Petersburg, Missouri, captured the essence of life in the American South and quickly established Twain as a literary force to be reckoned with.Following the success of "Tom Sawyer," Twain went on to write his most acclaimed work, "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn," published in 1884. This novel, often considered the greatest American novel ever written, is a powerful exploration of race, slavery, and the human condition. Through the eyes of the young, rebellious protagonist, Huckleberry Finn, Twain crafted a masterpiece that continues to be studied and discussed by scholars and readers alike.Twain's literary prowess, however, extended far beyond his novels. He was also a prolific essayist, short story writer, and lecturer, known for his sharp wit, biting social commentary, and incisive observations on the human condition. His essays, such as "The Damned Human Race" and "What Is Man?," tackled complex philosophical and social issues with a unique blend of humor and intellectual rigor.Throughout his career, Twain's works were marked by a distinct style that combined elements of realism, satire, and social commentary. He was a master of dialect and colloquial language, and hischaracters often spoke in the vernacular of the regions they inhabited. This attention to detail and authenticity helped to create a sense of immersion and authenticity that resonated with readers.Beyond his literary achievements, Twain was also a prominent public figure and social activist. He was a vocal critic of imperialism, racism, and social injustice, and his writings often reflected his progressive political views. Twain was also a successful entrepreneur, investing in various ventures, including a publishing company and a typesetting machine.Despite the many accolades and successes that marked his career, Twain's personal life was not without its challenges. He experienced significant financial setbacks, personal tragedies, and periods of depression and disillusionment. However, these experiences only served to further enrich his writing, as he grappled with the complexities of the human experience.Mark Twain's legacy as one of the greatest American authors of all time is firmly cemented. His works continue to be read, studied, and celebrated around the world, and his influence can be seen in the writings of countless contemporary authors and thinkers. Through his unique blend of humor, social commentary, and profound insight, Twain has left an indelible mark on the literary landscape and on the hearts and minds of readers everywhere.。

犯罪经典名言

1. Crime butchers innocents to secure a prize. And innocence struggles with all its might against the attempts of crime. Robespierre"罪恶屠杀无辜以保卫战利品,而无辜者尽其所能与罪恶的企图抗争" 罗伯斯庇尔2. If men could only know each other, they would neither idolize nor hate." Elbert hubbert男人如果相互了解,他们既不会崇拜也不会怨恨. 埃尔伯特·哈伯特3. Between the idea and the reality, between the motion and the act, falls the shadow. T.S.Eliot 在理想与现实之间,动机与行为之间总有阴影徘徊4. How secrets deep how secrets become dark that's in the nature of secrets. ---Writer,cory doctorow "秘密有多深?秘密如何变得黑暗?这就是秘密的本质"科利·多克托罗作家5.Evil brings men together. Ristotle罪恶把人们聚到了一起亚里士多德6. There is not a righteous man on earth who does what is right and never sins .---Ecclesiastes 7:20. 时常行善而不犯罪的义人世上实在没有 --旧约-传道书第七章第二十篇7. From the deepest desires often come the deadliest hate. ---Socrates最极端的仇恨往往来自于最深刻的欲望 ---苏格拉底8. Tragedy is a tool for the living to gain wisdom, not a guide by which to live.Robert kennedy"悲剧是一种工具让生者增长智慧,但不能引导生活的方式" 罗伯特-肯尼迪9. Birds sing after a storm, why shouldn’t people feel as free to delight in whatever鸟儿在暴风雨后歌唱，为什么人们在仍是阳光普照时还不尽请感受快乐呢？肯尼迪的母亲10. When a good man is hurt, all who would be called be good must suffer with him. Euripides当一个好人受到伤害，所有好人定将与其同厉磨难。

译文the damned human race

可恶的人类[美] 马克·吐温今天报纸有没有一个标题说在世界的某个地方有人在打仗（爱尔兰人，黎巴嫩人，智利人）？很有可能，是的。

在下文中，马克·吐温认为好斗、残忍的人类本性，使他们成为最低等的生物，而不是最高等的。

以尖刻的讽刺支出人类战争本质的令人吃惊的原因。

我一直在研究“低级动物”的性格和特征，并将其与人的性格和特征相比较。

我发现其结果使我羞愧得无地自容，因为它迫使我宣布不再忠实于达尔文“人是从低级动物进化而来”的理论，而应该将其改变为“人是从高级动物退化而来的”。

在得出这一令人不快的结论的过程中，我没有进行猜测、推断或者揣测，而是运用了人们通常所说的科学方法。

也就是说，通过实验，我对每一种假设都进行了检测，并根据实验结果采纳或者否定了这一假设。

这些都是在伦敦动物园实验的，为此我进行了数月的努力，不辞辛劳。

在详细说明实验之前，我想在此先说明一两件事更为合适。

为了更为清晰、令人满意，整个实验进行了适度概括，即：1. 认为人类是一个独特的物种。

由于气候，环境等等原因，它表现出轻微的变化（颜色，身材，心理素质，等等）；但它是一种由自身形成的物种，并不会与任何其他物种混淆。

2. 这种四足动物也是一个独特的家族。

它表现出各种变化（颜色，大小，食物的喜好，等等；但它本身就是一个家族）3. 其他的物种谱系（鸟类，鱼类，昆虫，爬行动物等）都或多或少也呈现出显著不同，。

他们处在进化过程中。

他们事链接作为最低等的人类到更高等的动物之间的链条。

我的某些实验相当奇特。

在阅读时候我偶然发现一个例证——许多年前，一些猎人为了招待一位来自英国的伯爵，在大平原上组织了一次水牛狩猎，目的只是为了给他的餐桌上添加新鲜的肉食。

他们尽情欢快之后，72头水牛被猎杀，然而他们只吃了其中的一部分，把其余的71头扔在哪里任其腐烂。

为了确定蟒蛇和伯爵有何区别——如果说真的存在区别的话——我让人把7头小牛赶进蟒蛇的笼子里。

那只满怀感激的爬行动物立即压到一头小牛身上，把它吞进腹中，然后就心满意足地趴在哪里。

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•
London Zoo was the World‗s first scientific zoo. Opened in 1828, it housed a collection of exotic(外 来的) animals that were studied by eminent scientists of the day. Only later in 1847 did the Zoo open its doors to the public and, from then on, became the most famous zoo in the World.
Structu1 (para. 1) The thesis statement Introduction to the scientific experiment and the analysis related to various traits and dispositions of human beings as contrasted to the “higher animals”. Arguing with people who believe in man‘s superiority. Men have descended and degenerated.
1.Man is crueler than animal.
who where to whom what why result trait
to Killed 72, lamb entertain a young sheep chick ate part of and bird our an one of some ona young chicken or organized provide cub a young wolf,bear or lion English a them the hunters Great some foal/colt Plains earl buffalo a young horse left fresh kid hunt the 71 to a young goat meat for kitten rot a young cat his table
Part two(para2-9)
1. Is Mark Twain serious when he says that he has done many months of painstaking and fatiguing work in the London Zoological Garden?
Q: Why is lower animals put in quotation mark?
Read the sentence and pay attention to the tone and diction. Notice the tongue-in-cheek way the author expresses his ideas. He makes it sound as if he were conducting and reporting on the result of a scientific investigation. In other words, he is deliberately using a pompous(夸大的) style to achieve humor.
Part one: Thesis statement
• I have been studying the traits and dispositions of the “lower animals”, and contrasting them with the traits and dispositions of man. I find the result humiliating to me. (Para. 1)
Lesson15 The Damned Human Race
By Mark Twain
I sometimes think that God in creating man somewhat overestimated His ability. —Oscar Wild
Men! The only animal in the world to fear. —D.H. Lawrence
Man—a creature made at the end of the week's work when God was tired. —Mark Twain
Discussion: what is your view?
1. What is your understanding of human nature? 2. Have you found any defect? Or nothing negative at all? 3. Please name three major defects of human nature.
• 2.Man is avoricious and miserly and their desires can't be ended forever.
• 3.Man is the only one who takes possession of revenge. • 4.Man invented indecency, vulgarity and obscenity. • 5.Man is soiled-minded and he always covers himself. • 6.Man is the only one that inflicts pain for the pleasure of doing it.
The earl is cruel and destroys what he has no use for. The earl was duckling descended piglet to crushed from the determine gosling one of anaconda the puppy them and difference swallowed and had lost a between it, good deal an then lay in the anaconda back transition. and an earl satisfied
Today, London Zoo houses a wonderful range of reptiles(爬行类动物), fish, invertebrates(无脊 椎类动物), birds and mammals(哺乳动物).
Traits and dispositions of human beings contrasted to the high animals (Find out them from para3-para9) • 1.Man is crueler than animal.
We are perverse creatures and never satisfied. —Nan Fairbrother
Quotations on human
Quotations on human
Such is the human race, often it seems a pity that Noah... didn't miss the boat. —Mark Twain
Part 2 (para. 2-9)
Part 3 (para. 10-17)
Part 4 (para. 18)
Question: Is this article written in a colloquial or formal way?
Answer: Language: formal (big words, long sentences, serious tone, etc) He pretends to be reporting on a scientific experiment. Tone: tongue-in-cheek (开玩笑地) To achieve humor.
2. What effect do you think Mark Twain hopes to achieve with this mock seriousness?
London Zoological Gardens: London Zoo • Set in the heart of London's majestic Regent's Park, London Zoo boasts not only a vast array of amazing animals, but also beautiful gardens, fine art, astounding architecture and the astonishing exhibition.
calf:a young cow,bull or elephant
"I"
London Zoo
a young duck a young pig a young goose in a young dog the
caused 7 young calves anacondas to be turned into the cage
Plains Bison美洲或欧洲的野牛
• Originating in Eurasia(欧亚大 陆) but migrating to North America across the Bering land bridge during prehistoric times, they thrived on the Great Plains, until the arrival of white settlers drove them to the brink of extinction. • Although they once ranged across the Great Plains from Mexico to Canada, with numbers estimated at 60 million, today they exist primarily on game reserves and ranches(大牧场), with estimated numbers of 200,000.