国外工程 - basic steel framing(2008.06.12)

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A 6 – A 6M – 04 _QTYVQTZN

Designation:A 6/A 6M –04aStandard Speciﬁcation forGeneral Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars,Plates,Shapes,and Sheet Piling 1This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation A 6/A 6M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e )indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1This general requirements speciﬁcation 2covers a group of common requirements that,unless otherwise speciﬁed in the applicable product speciﬁcation,apply to rolled structural steel bars,plates,shapes,and sheet piling covered by each of the following product speciﬁcations issued by ASTM:ASTM Designation 3Title of SpeciﬁcationA 36/A 36M Carbon Structural Steel A 131/A 131M Structural Steel for ShipsA 242/A 242M High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural SteelA 283/A 283M Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates A 328/A 328M Steel Sheet PilingA 514/A 514M High-Yield Strength,Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate Suitable for WeldingA 529/A 529M High-Strength Carbon-Manganese Steel of Structural Qual-ityA 572/A 572M High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Steel A 573/A 573M Structural Carbon Steel Plates of Improved Toughness A 588/A 588M High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50ksi (345MPa)Minimum Yield Point to 4in.[100mm]ThickA 633/A 633M Normalized High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates A 656/A 656M Hot-Rolled Structural Steel,High-Strength Low-Alloy Plate with Improved FormabilityA 678/A 678M Quenched-and-Tempered Carbon and High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel PlatesA 690/A 690M High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel H-Piles and Sheet Piling for Use in Marine EnvironmentsA 709/A 709MCarbon and High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural SteelShapes,Plates,and Bars and Quenched-and-Tempered Alloy Structural Steel Plates for BridgesA 710/A 710M Age-Hardening Low-Carbon Nickel-Copper-Chromium-Mo-lybdenum-Columbium Alloy Structural Steel PlatesA 769/A 769M Carbon and High-Strength Electric Resistance Welded Steel Structural ShapesA 786/A 786M Rolled Steel Floor PlatesA 808/A 808MHigh-Strength Low-Alloy Carbon,Manganese,Columbium,Vanadium Steel of Structural Quality with Improved Notch ToughnessA 827/A 827M Plates,Carbon Steel,for Forging and Similar Applications A 829/A 829MPlates,Alloy Steel,Structural QualityA 830/A 830M Plates,Carbon Steel,Structural Quality,Furnished to Chemical Composition RequirementsA 852/A 852MQuenched and Tempered Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plate with 70ksi [485Mpa]Minimum Yield Strength to 4in.[100mm]ThickA 857/A 857M Steel Sheet Piling,Cold Formed,Light GageA 871/A 871M High-Strength Low Alloy Structural Steel Plate with Atmo-spheric Corrosion ResistanceA 913/A 913MSpeciﬁcation for High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Shapes of Structural Quality,Produced by Quenching and Self-Tempering Process (QST)A 945/A 945MSpeciﬁcation for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plate with Low Carbon and Restricted Sulfur for Improved Weldability,Formability,and ToughnessA 992/A 992MSpeciﬁcation for Steel for Structural Shapes for Use in Building Framing1.2Annex A1lists permitted variations in dimensions and mass (Note 1)in SI units.The values listed are not exact conversions of the values in Tables 1to 31inclusive but are,instead,rounded or rationalized values.Conformance to Annex A1is mandatory when the “M”speciﬁcation designation is used.N OTE 1—The term “weight”is used when inch-pound units are the standard;however,under SI,the preferred term is “mass.”1.3Annex A2lists the dimensions of some shape proﬁles.1.4Appendix X1provides information on coil as a source of structural products.1.5Appendix X2provides information on the variability of tensile properties in plates and structural shapes.1.6Appendix X3provides information on weldability.1.7Appendix X4provides information on cold bending of plates,including suggested minimum inside radii for cold bending.1.8This general requirements speciﬁcation also covers a group of supplementary requirements that are applicable to several of the above product speciﬁcations as indicated therein.Such requirements are provided for use where additional testing or additional restrictions are required by the purchaser,and apply only where speciﬁed individually in the purchase order.1.9In case of any conﬂict in requirements,the requirements of the applicable product speciﬁcation prevail over those of this general requirements speciﬁcation.1This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01on Steel,Stainless Steel,and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.02on Structural Steel for Bridges,Buildings,Rolling Stock,and Ships.Current edition approved March 1,2004.Published April 2004.Originally approved in st previous edition approved in 2004as A 6/A 6M –04.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications,see related Speciﬁ-cation SA-6/SA-6M in Section II of that Code.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.1.10Additional requirements that are speciﬁed in the pur-chase order and accepted by the supplier are permitted, provided that such requirements do not negate any of the requirements of this general requirements speciﬁcation or the applicable product speciﬁcation.1.11For purposes of determining conformance with this general requirements speciﬁcation and the applicable product speciﬁcation,values are to be rounded to the nearest unit in the right-hand place ofﬁgures used in expressing the limiting values in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.1.12The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard.Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;therefore,each system is to be used independently of the other,without combining values in any way.1.13This general requirements speciﬁcation and the appli-cable product speciﬁcation are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units;however,unless the order speciﬁes the applicable“M”speciﬁcation designation(SI units),the struc-tural product is furnished to inch-pound units.1.14The text of this general requirements speciﬁcation contains notes and/or footnotes that provide explanatory ma-terial.Such notes and footnotes,excluding those in tables and ﬁgures,do not contain any mandatory requirements.2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:3A370Test Methods and Deﬁnitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA673/A673M Speciﬁcation for Sampling Procedure for Impact Testing of Structural SteelA700Practices for Packaging,Marking,and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Domestic ShipmentA751Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA829Speciﬁcation for Plates,Alloy Steel,Structural Qual-ityE29Practice for Using Signiﬁcant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpeciﬁcationsE112Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size E208Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels2.2American Welding Society Standards:A5.1Mild Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes4A5.5Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes4 itary Standards:MIL-STD-129Marking for Shipment and Storage5MIL-STD-163Steel Mill Products Preparation for Ship-ment and Storage52.4U.S.Federal Standard:Fed.Std.No.123Marking for Shipments(Civil Agencies)5 2.5AIAG Standard:B-1Bar Code Symbology Standard63.Terminology3.1Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:3.1.1Plates(other thanﬂoor plates)—Flat,hot-rolled steel, ordered to thickness or weight[mass]and typically width and length,commonly classiﬁed as follows:3.1.1.1When Ordered to Thickness:(1)Over8in.[200mm]in width and0.230in.or over [over6mm]in thickness.(2)Over48in.[1200mm]in width and0.180in.or over [over4.5mm]in thickness.3.1.1.2When Ordered to Weight[Mass]:(1)Over8in.[200mm]in width and9.392lb/ft2[47.10 kg/m2]or heavier.(2)Over48in.[1200mm]in width and7.350lb/ft2[35.32 kg/m2]or heavier.3.1.1.3Discussion—Steel products are available in various thickness,width,and length combinations depending upon equipment and processing capabilities of various manufactur-ers and processors.Historic limitations of a product based upon dimensions(thickness,width,and length)do not take into account current production and processing capabilities.To qualify any product to a particular product speciﬁcation re-quires all appropriate and necessary tests be performed and that the results meet the limits prescribed in that product speciﬁ-cation.If the necessary tests required by a product speciﬁcation cannot be conducted,the product cannot be qualiﬁed to that speciﬁcation.This general requirement standard contains per-mitted variations for the commonly available sizes.Permitted variations for other sizes are subject to agreement between the customer and the manufacturer or processor,whichever is applicable.3.1.1.4Slabs,sheet bars,and skelp,though frequently falling in the foregoing size ranges,are not classed as plates.3.1.1.5Coils are excluded from qualiﬁcation to the appli-cable product speciﬁcation until they are decoiled,leveled or straightened,formed(if applicable),cut to length,and,if required,properly tested by the processor in accordance with ASTM speciﬁcation requirements(see Sections9,10,11,12, 13,14,15,18,and19and the applicable product speciﬁcation).3.1.2Shapes(Flanged Sections):3.1.2.1structural-size shapes—rolledﬂanged sections hav-ing at least one dimension of the cross section3in.[75mm]or greater.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4Available from the American Welding Society,Jeune Rd.,Miami, FL33135.5Available from the procuring activity or as directed by the contracting office or from the Standardization Documents Order Desk,Bldg.4Section D,700Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia,PA19111-5094Attn:NPODS.6Available from the Automotive Industry Action Group,26200Lahser Road, Suite200,Southﬁeld,MI48034.3.1.2.2bar-size shapes—rolledﬂanged sections having a maximum dimension of the cross section less than3in.[75 mm].3.1.2.3“W”shapes—doubly-symmetric,wide-ﬂange shapes with insideﬂange surfaces that are substantially paral-lel.3.1.2.4“HP”shapes—are wide-ﬂange shapes generally used as bearing piles whoseﬂanges and webs are of the same nominal thickness and whose depth and width are essentially the same.3.1.2.5“S”shapes—doubly-symmetric beam shapes with insideﬂange surfaces that have a slope of approximately162⁄3 %.3.1.2.6“M”shapes—doubly-symmetric shapes that cannot be classiﬁed as“W,”“S,”or“HP”shapes.3.1.2.7“C”shapes—channels with insideﬂange surfaces that have a slope of approximately162⁄3%.3.1.2.8“MC”shapes—channels that cannot be classiﬁed as “C”shapes.3.1.2.9“L”shapes—shapes having equal-leg and unequal-leg angles.3.1.3sheet piling—rolled steel sections that are capable of being interlocked,forming a continuous wall when individual pieces are driven side by side.3.1.4bars—rounds,squares,and hexagons,of all sizes;ﬂats 13⁄64in.(0.203in.)and over[over5mm]in speciﬁed thickness, not over6in.[150mm]in speciﬁed width;andﬂats0.230in. and over[over6mm]in speciﬁed thickness,over6to8in. [150to200mm]inclusive,in speciﬁed width.3.1.5exclusive—when used in relation to ranges,as for ranges of thickness in the tables of permissible variations in dimensions,is intended to exclude only the greater value of the range.Thus,a range from60to72in.[1500to1800mm] exclusive includes60in.[1500mm],but does not include72 in.[1800mm].3.1.6rimmed steel—steel containing sufficient oxygen to give a continuous evolution of carbon monoxide during sol-diﬁcation,resulting in a case or rim of metal virtually free of voids.3.1.7semi-killed steel—incompletely deoxidized steel con-taining sufficient oxygen to form enough carbon monoxide during solidiﬁcation to offset solidiﬁcation shrinkage.3.1.8capped steel—rimmed steel in which the rimming action is limited by an early capping operation.Capping is carried out mechanically by using a heavy metal cap on a bottle-top mold or chemically by an addition of aluminum or ferrosilicon to the top of the molten steel in an open-top mold.3.1.9killed steel—steel deoxidized,either by addition of strong deoxidizing agents or by vacuum treatment,to reduce the oxygen content to such a level that no reaction occurs between carbon and oxygen during solidiﬁcation.3.1.10mill edge—the normal edge produced by rolling between horizontalﬁnishing rolls.A mill edge does not conform to any deﬁnite l edge plates have two mill edges and two trimmed edges.3.1.11universal mill edge—the normal edge produced by rolling between horizontal and verticalﬁnishing rolls.Univer-sal mill plates,sometimes designated UM Plates,have two universal mill edges and two trimmed edges.3.1.12sheared edge—the normal edge produced by shear-ing.Sheared edge plates are trimmed on all edges.3.1.13gas cut edge—the edge produced by gasﬂame cutting.3.1.14special cut edge—usually the edge produced by gas ﬂame cutting involving special practices such as pre-heating or post-heating,or both,in order to minimize stresses,avoid thermal cracking and reduce the hardness of the gas cut edge. In special instances,special cut edge is used to designate an edge produced by machining.3.1.15sketch—when used to describe a form of plate, denotes a plate other than rectangular,circular,or semi-circular.Sketch plates may be furnished to a radius or with four or more straight sides.3.1.16normalizing—a heat treating process in which a steel plate is reheated to a uniform temperature above the upper critical temperature and then cooled in air to below the transformation range.3.1.17plate-as-rolled—when used in relation to the loca-tion and number of tests,the term refers to the unit plate rolled from a slab or directly from an ingot.It does not refer to the condition of the plate.3.1.18ﬁne grain practice—a steelmaking practice that is intended to produce a killed steel that is capable of meeting the requirements forﬁne austenitic grain size.3.1.18.1Discussion—It normally involves the addition of one or more austenitic grain reﬁning elements in amounts that have been established by the steel producer as being sufficient. Austenitic grain reﬁning elements include,but are not limited to,aluminum,columbium,titanium,and vanadium.3.1.19structural product—a hot-rolled steel plate,shape, sheet piling,or bar.3.1.20coil—hot-rolled steel in coiled form that is intended to be processed into aﬁnished structural product.3.1.21manufacturer—the organization that directly con-trols the conversion of steel ingots,slabs,blooms,or billets,by hot-rolling,into an as-rolled structural product or into coil;and for structural products produced from as-rolled structural products,the organization that directly controls,or is respon-sible for,the operations involved inﬁnishing the structural product.3.1.21.1Discussion—Suchﬁnishing operations include lev-eling or straightening,hot forming or cold forming(if appli-cable),welding(if applicable),cutting to length,testing, inspection,conditioning,heat treatment(if applicable),pack-aging,marking,loading for shipment,and certiﬁcation.3.1.22processor—the organization that directly controls,or is responsible for,the operations involved in the processing of coil into aﬁnished structural product.Such processing opera-tions include decoiling,leveling or straightening,hot-forming or cold-forming(if applicable),welding(if applicable),cutting to length,testing,inspection,conditioning,heat treatment(if applicable),packaging,marking,loading for shipment,and certiﬁcation.3.1.22.1Discussion—The processing operations need not be done by the organization that did the hot rolling of thecoil.If only one organization is involved in the hot rolling and processing operations,that organization is termed the manu-facturer for the hot rolling operation and the processor for the processing operations.If more than one organization is in-volved in the hot rolling and processing operations,the organization that did the hot rolling is termed the manufacturer and an organization that does one or more processing opera-tions is termed a processor.4.Ordering Information4.1Information items to be considered,if appropriate,for inclusion in purchase orders are as follows:4.1.1ASTM product speciﬁcation designation(see1.1)and year-date,4.1.2Name of structural product(plate,shape,bar,or sheet piling),4.1.3Shape designation,or size and thickness or diameter, 4.1.4Grade,class,and type designation,if applicable,4.1.5Condition(see Section6),if other than as-rolled, 4.1.6Quantity(weight[mass]or number of pieces),4.1.7Length,4.1.8Exclusion of either structural product produced from coil or structural product produced from an as-rolled structural product(see5.3and Appendix X1),if applicable,4.1.9Heat treatment requirements(see6.2and6.3),if any, 4.1.10Testing forﬁne austenitic grain size(see8.3.2), 4.1.11Mechanical property test report requirements(see Section14),if any,4.1.12Special packaging,marking,and loading for ship-ment requirements(see Section19),if any,4.1.13Supplementary requirements,if any,including any additional requirements called for in the supplementary re-quirements,4.1.14End use,if there are any end-use-speciﬁc require-ments(see18.1,11.3.4,Table22or Table A1.22,and Table24 or Table A1.24)4.1.15Special requirements(see1.10),if any,and4.1.16Repair welding requirements(see9.5),if any.5.Materials and Manufacture5.1The steel shall be made in an open-hearth,basic-oxygen, or electric-arc furnace,possibly followed by additionl reﬁning in a ladle metallurgy furnace(LMF),or secondary melting by vacuum-arc remelting(V AR)or electroslag remelting(ESR).5.2The steel shall be strand cast or cast in stationary molds.5.2.1Strand Cast:5.2.1.1When heats of the same nominal chemical compo-sition are consecutively strand cast at one time,the heat number assigned to the cast product need not be changed until all of the steel in the cast product is from the following heat.5.2.1.2When two consecutively strand cast heats have different nominal chemical composition ranges,the manufac-turer shall remove the transition material by an established procedure that positively separates the grades.5.3Structural products shall be produced from an as-rolled structural product or from coil.5.4Where part of a heat is rolled into an as-rolled structural product and the balance of the heat is rolled into coil,each part shall be tested separately.5.5Structural products produced from coil shall not contain splice welds,unless previously approved by the purchaser.6.Heat Treatment6.1Where th structural product is required to be heat treated,such heat treatment shall be performed by the manu-facturer,the processor,or the fabricator,unless otherwise speciﬁed in the applicable product speciﬁcation.N OTE2—When no heat treatment is required,the manufacturer or processor has the option of heat treating the structural product by normalizing,stress relieving,or normalizing then stress relieving to meet the applicable product speciﬁcation.6.2Where the heat treatment is to be performed by other than the manufacturer,the order shall so state.6.2.1Where the heat treatment is to be performed by other than the manufacturer,the structural products shall be accepted on the basis of tests made on test specimens taken from full thickness test coupons heat treated in accordance with the requirements speciﬁed in the applicable product speciﬁcation or in the purchase order.If the heat-treatment temperatures are not speciﬁed,the manufacturer or processor shall heat treat the test coupons under conditions he considers appropriate,pro-vided that the purchaser is informed of the procedure followed in heat treating the test coupons.6.3Where the heat treatment is to be performed by the manufacturer or the processor,the structural product shall be heat treated as speciﬁed in the applicable product speciﬁcation, or as speciﬁed in the purchase order,provided that the heat treatment speciﬁed by the purchaser is not in conﬂict with the requirements of the applicable product speciﬁcation.6.4Where normalizing is to be performed by the fabricator, the structural product shall be either normalized or heated uniformly for hot forming,provided that the temperature to which the structural product is heated for hot forming does not signiﬁcantly exceed the normalizing temperature.6.5The use of cooling rates that are faster than those obtained by cooling in air to improve the toughness shall be subject to approval by the purchaser,and structural products so treated shall be tempered subsequently in the range from1100 to1300°F[595to705°C].7.Chemical Analysis7.1Heat Analysis:7.1.1Sampling for chemical analysis and methods of analy-sis shall be in accordance with Test Methods,Practices,and Terminolgy A751.7.1.2For each heat,the heat analysis shall include determi-nation of the content of carbon,manganese,phosphorus,sulfur, silicon,nickel,chromium,molybdenum,copper,vanadium, columbium;any other element that is speciﬁed or restricted by the applicable product speciﬁcation for the applicable grade, class,and type;and any austenitic grain reﬁning element whose content is to be used in place of austenitic grain size testing of the heat(see8.3.2).7.1.3Except as allowed by7.1.4for primary heats,heat analyses shall conform to the heat analysis requirements of the applicable product speciﬁcation for the applicable grade,class, andtype.7.1.4Where vacuum-arc remelting or electroslag remelting is used,a remelted heat is deﬁned as all ingots remelted from a single primary heat.If the heat analysis of the primary heat conforms to the heat analysis requirements of the applicable product speciﬁcation for the applicable grade,class,and type, the heat analysis for the remelted heat shall be determined from one test sample taken from one remelted ingot,or the product of one remelted ingot,from the primary heat.If the heat analysis of the primary heat does not conform to the heat analysis requirements of the applicable product speciﬁcation for the applicable grade,type,and class,the heat analysis for the remelted heat shall be determined from one test sample taken from each remelted ingot,or the product of each remelted ingot,from the primary heat.7.2Product Analysis—For each heat,the purchaser shall have the option of analyzing representative samples taken from theﬁnished structural product.Sampling for chemical analysis and methods of analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology A751.The product analyses so determined shall conform to the heat analysis requirements of the applicable product speciﬁcation for the applicable grade,class,and type,subject to the permitted variations in product analysis given in Table A.If a range is speciﬁed,the determinations of any element in a heat shall not vary both above and below the speciﬁed range.Rimmed or capped steel is characterized by a lack of homogeneity in its composition,especially for the elements carbon,phosphorus, and sulfur.Therefore,the limitations for these elements shall not be applicable unless misapplication is clearly indicated.7.3Referee Analysis—For referee purposes,Test Methods, Practices,and Terminology A751shall be used.7.4Grade Substitution—Alloy steel grades that meet the chemical requirements of Table1of Speciﬁcation A829shall not be substituted for carbon steel grades.8.Metallurgical Structure8.1Where austenitic grain size testing is required,such testing shall be in accordance with Test Methods E112and at least70%of the grains in the area examined shall meet the speciﬁed grain size requirement.8.2Coarse Austenitic Grain Size—Where coarse austenitic grain size is speciﬁed,one austenitic grain size test per heat shall be made and the austenitic grain size number so deter-mined shall be in the range of1to5,inclusive.8.3Fine Austenitic Grain Size:8.3.1Whereﬁne austenitic grain size is speciﬁed,except as allowed in8.3.2,one austenitic grain size test per heat shall be made and the austenitic grain size number so determined shall be5or higher.N OTE3—Such austenitic grain size numbers may be achieved with lower contents of austenitic grain reﬁning elemenst than8.3.2requires for austenitic grain size testing to be waived.8.3.2Unless testing forﬁne austenitic grain size is speciﬁed in the purchase order,an austenitic grain size test need not be made for any heat that has,by heat analysis,one or more of the following:8.3.2.1A total aluminum content of0.020%or more. 8.3.2.2An acid soluble aluminum content of0.015%or more.8.3.2.3A content for an austenitic grain reﬁning element that exceeds the minimum value agreed to by the purchaser as being sufficient for austenitic grain size testing to be waived,or 8.3.2.4Contents for the combination of two or more auste-nitic grain reﬁning elements that exceed the applicable mini-mum values agreed to by the purchaser as being sufficient for austenitic grain size testing to be waived.9.Quality9.1General—Structural products shall be free of injurious defects and shall have a workmanlikeﬁnish.N OTE4—Unless otherwise speciﬁed,structural products are normally furnished in the as-rolled condition and are subjected to visual inspection by the manufacturer or processor.Non-injurious surface or internal imperfections,or both,may be present in the structural product as delivered and the structural product may require conditioning by the purchaser to improve its appearance or in preparation for welding,coating, or other further operations.More restrictive requirements may be speciﬁed by invoking supplemen-tary requirements or by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. Structural products that exhibit injurious defects during subsequent fabrication are deemed not to comply with the applicable product speciﬁcation.(See17.2.)Fabricators should be aware that cracks may initiate upon bending a sheared or burned edge during the fabrication process;this is not considered to be a fault of the steel but is rather a function of the induced cold-work or the heat-affected zone.The conditioning requirements in9.2,9.3,and9.4limit the condition-ing allowed to be performed by the manufacturer or processor.Condition-ing of imperfections beyond the limits of9.2,9.3,and9.4may be performed by parties other than the manufacturer or processor at the discretion of thepurchaser.TABLE A Permitted Variations in Product AnalysisN OTE1—Where“...”appears in this table,there is no requirement.ElementUpper Limit,orMaximum SpeciﬁedValue,%Permitted Varia-tions,%UnderMinimumLimitOverMaximumLimitCarbon to0.15incl0.020.03over0.15to0.40incl0.030.04over0.40to0.75incl0.040.05over0.750.040.06 Manganese A to0.60incl0.050.06over0.60to0.90incl0.060.08over0.90to1.20incl0.080.10over1.20to1.35incl0.090.11over1.35to1.65incl0.090.12over1.65to1.95incl0.110.14over1.950.120.16Phosphorus to0.04inclover0.04to0.15incl ......0.010BSulfur to0.06inclover0.06...B0.010BSilicon to0.30inclover0.30to0.40inclover0.40to2.20incl 0.020.050.060.030.050.06Nickel to1.00incl0.030.03over1.00to2.00incl0.050.05over2.00to3.75incl0.070.07over3.75to5.30incl0.080.08over5.300.100.10Chromium to0.90inclover0.90to2.00inclover2.00to4.00incl 0.040.060.100.040.060.10Molybdenum to0.20inclover0.20to0.40inclover0.40to1.15incl 0.010.030.040.010.030.04Copper0.20minimum onlyto1.00inclover1.00to2.00incl 0.020.030.05...0.030.05Titanium to0.10incl0.01C0.01Vanadium to0.10incl0.01C0.01over0.10to0.25incl0.020.02over0.250.020.03minimum only speciﬁed0.01...Boron any B B Columbium to0.10incl0.01C0.01 Zirconium to0.15incl0.030.03Nitrogen to0.030incl0.0050.005A Permitted variations in manganese content for bars and bar size shapes shall be:to0.90incl60.03;over0.90to2.20incl60.06.B Product analysis not applicable.C0.005,if the minimum of the range is0.01%.Index to Tables of Permitted VariationsDimensionTableInch-PoundUnitsSI UnitsCamberPlates,Carbon Steel;Sheared and Gas-Cut12A1.12 Plates,Carbon Steel;Universal Mill11A1.11 Plates,Other than Carbon Steel;Sheared,11A1.11 Gas-Cut and Universal MillShapes,Rolled;S,M,C,MC,and L21A1.21 Shapes,Rolled;W and HP24A1.24 Shapes,Split;L and T25A1.25 Cross Section of Shapes and BarsFlats26A1.26 Hexagons28A1.28 Rounds and Squares27A1.27 Shapes,Rolled;L,Bulb Angles,and Z17A1.17 Shapes,Rolled;W,HP,S,M,C,and MC16A1.16 Shapes,Rolled;T18A1.18 Shapes,Split;L and T25A1.25 DiameterPlates,Sheared6A1.6 Plates,Other than Alloy Steel,Gas-Cut7A1.7 Plates,Alloy Steel,Gas-Cut10A1.10 Rounds27A1.27 End Out-of-SquareShapes,Other than W20A1.20 Shapes,W22A1.22 Shapes,Milled,Other than W23A1.23 FlatnessPlates,Carbon Steel13A1.13 Plates,Other than Carbon Steel14A1.14 Plates,Restrictive—Carbon Steel S27.1S27.2 Plates,Restrictive—Other than Carbon Steel S27.3S27.4 LengthBars30A1.30 Bars,Recut31A1.31 Plates,Sheared and Universal Mill3A1.3 Plates,Other than Alloy Steel,Gas-Cut9A1.9 Plates,Alloy Steel,Gas-Cut8A1.8 Plates,Mill Edge4A1.4 Shapes,Rolled;Other than W19A1.19 Shapes,Rolled;W and HP22A1.22 Shapes,Split;L and T25A1.25 Shapes,Milled23A1.23 StraightnessBarsShapes,Other than W2921A1.29A1.21 SweepShapes,W and HP24A1.24 ThicknessFlatsPlates,Ordered to Thickness261A1.26A1.1 WavinessPlates15A1.15 Weight[Mass]Plates,Ordered to Weight[Mass]2A1.2 WidthFlats26A1.26 Plates,Sheared3A1.3 Plates,Universal Mill5A1.5 Plates,Other than Alloy Steel,Gas-Cut9A1.9 Plates,Alloy Steel,Gas-Cut8A1.8 Plates,Mill Edge4A1.4。

A934A934M

Designation:A934/A934M–04Standard Speciﬁcation forEpoxy-Coated Prefabricated Steel Reinforcing Bars1This standard is issued under theﬁxed designation A934/A934M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1This speciﬁcation covers deformed and plain steel reinforcing bars which prior to surface preparation are prefab-ricated and then coated with a protective fusion-bonded epoxy coating by electrostatic spray or other suitable method.1.2Prefabricated steel reinforcing bars coated with fusion-bonded epoxy formulations in accordance with this speciﬁca-tion are not intended to be bent or rebent.N OTE1—Experience has shown epoxy-coated prefabricated steel rein-forcing bars have limited capability to be successfullyﬁeld bent or rebent (see9.3.1).If the construction project requires epoxy-coated steel rein-forcing bars that must be able to sustainﬁeld bending or rebending,the use of coated bars conforming to Speciﬁcation A775/A775M should be considered.1.3Organic coatings other than epoxy may be used pro-vided they meet the requirements of this speciﬁcation.1.4Requirements for epoxy coatings are contained in An-nex A1.1.5Guidelines for application process and product test procedures of epoxy coatings for steel reinforcing bars are presented in Appendix X1.1.6Guidelines for construction practices at the job-site for coated steel reinforcing bars are presented in Appendix X2.1.7This speciﬁcation is applicable for orders in either SI (metric)units(as Speciﬁcation A934M)or inch-pound units [as Speciﬁcation A934].1.8The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.Within the text,the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.The values stated in the two systems are not exact equivalents:therefore,each system must be used independently of the bining values from the systems may result in nonconformance with this speciﬁcation.1.9This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:2A615/A615M Speciﬁcation for Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Speciﬁcation for Low-Alloy Steel De-formed and Plain Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA775/A775M Speciﬁcation for Epoxy-Coated Steel Re-inforcing BarsA944Test Method for Comparing Bond Strength of Steel Reinforcing Bars to Concrete Using Beam-End Specimens A996/A996M Speciﬁcation for Rail-Steel and Axle-Steel Deformed Bars for Concrete ReinforcementB117Practice for Operating Salt Spray(Fog)Testing ApparatusD4060Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber AbraserG8Test Methods for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline CoatingsG14Test Method for Impact Resistance of Pipeline Coat-ings(Falling Weight Test)G20Test Method for Chemical Resistance of Pipeline CoatingsG42Test Method for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline Coatings Subjected to Elevated TemperaturesG62Test Methods for Holiday Detection in Pipeline Coat-ings2.2NACE International Standard:3RP0287Field Measurement of Surface Proﬁle of Abrasive Blast Cleaned Steel Surfaces Using a Replica Tape2.3Society for Protective Coatings Speciﬁcations:4 SSPC-SP10Near-White Blast CleaningSSPC-VIS1Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards for Painting Steel SurfacesSSPC-PA2Measurement of Dry Coating Thickness with Magnetic Gages1This speciﬁcation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01on Steel, Stainless Steel,and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.05on Steel Reinforcement.Current edition approved March1,2004.Published April2004.Originally approved st previous edition approved in2003as A934/A934M–03.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from NACE International,1440South Creek,Houston,TX77084.4Available from Society for Protective Coatings,4024th Street,Pittsburgh,PA 15222.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.2.4American Concrete Institute Speciﬁcation:5ACI 301Speciﬁcations for Structural ConcreteACI 315Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement 2.5Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute:6“V oluntary Certiﬁcation Program for Fusion-Bonded Ep-oxy Coating Applicator Plants”3.Terminology3.1Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:3.1.1conversion coating —a preparation of the blast-cleaned metal surface prior to coating application that is designed to pretreat the metal to promote coating adhesion,reduce metal coating reactions,improve corrosion resistance,and increase blister resistance.3.1.2disbonding —loss of adhesion between the fusion-bonded epoxy coating and the steel reinforcing bar.3.1.3fusion-bonded epoxy coating —a product containing pigments,thermosetting epoxy resins,crosslinking agents,and other additives,which is applied in the form of a powder onto a clean,heated metallic substrate and fuses to form a continu-ous barrier coating.3.1.4holiday —a discontinuity in a coating that is not discernible to a person with normal or corrected vision.3.1.5patching material —a liquid two-part epoxy coating used to repair damaged areas.3.1.6prefabricated bars —steel reinforcing bars that are cut to speciﬁed lengths and bent to the required shapes prior to coating.3.1.7wetting agent —a material that lowers the surface tension of water allowing it to penetrate more effectively into small discontinuities in the coating,giving a more accurate indication of the holiday count.4.Ordering Information4.1It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for the coated steel rein-forcing bars under this speciﬁcation.Such requirements to be considered include,but are not limited to,the following:4.1.1Reinforcing bar speciﬁcation and year of issue,4.1.2Quantity and bend types of bars,4.1.3Size and grade of bars,4.1.4Requirements for the powder coating and provision of test data (5.2),4.1.5Requirements for patching material (5.3),4.1.6Quantity of patching material,4.1.7Coated specimens shall be provided by the manufac-turer out of the same production lot of coated reinforcement being furnished to the purchaser (13.1).4.1.8Whether a report on tests performed on the coated steel reinforcing bars being furnished is required (15.1),4.1.9Method for temperature reduction of hot,freshly coated bars (unforced air cool down or forced air/water quench)(8.3).N OTE 2—A typical ordering description is as follows:Deformed Grade 420bars to ASTM A 615M –____;6000m,No.19;cut to speciﬁed lengths and fabricated prior to coating;epoxy-coated to ASTM A 934M –____;including written certiﬁcations for the powder coating and coated bars and 1L of patching material.[Deformed Grade 60bars to ASTM A 615–______;20000ft,No.6;cut to speciﬁed lengths and fabricated prior to coating;epoxy-coated to ASTM A 934–____;including written certiﬁcations for the powder coating and coated bars and 1qt.of patching material.5.Materials5.1Steel reinforcing bars to be coated shall meet the requirements of one of the following speciﬁcations:A 615M,A 706M,or A 996M [A 615,A 706,or A 996]as speciﬁed by the purchaser and shall be free of contaminants such as oil,grease,or paint.N OTE 3—Prior to coating,the steel reinforcing bars should be inspected for their suitability for coating.Bars with sharp edges on the deformations,rolled-in slivers,or other surface imperfections are difficult to coat properly.The coating will ﬂow away from the sharp edges and may result in inadequate coating thickness at these points.5.2The powder coating shall meet the requirements of Annex A1.Upon request,the purchaser shall be provided with test data for review.5.2.1A written certiﬁcation shall be furnished to the pur-chaser that properly identiﬁes the lot designation of the powder coating used in the order,material quantity represented,date of manufacture,name and address of the powder coating manu-facturer,and a statement that the supplied powder coating is the same composition as that qualiﬁed according to Annex A1of this speciﬁcation.The powder coating shall be used within the powder coating manufacturer’s written recommended shelf life.5.2.2If speciﬁed in the order,a representative 0.2-kg [8-oz]sample of the powder coating shall be supplied to the purchaser from each batch.The sample shall be packaged in an airtight container and identiﬁed by the batch designation.5.2.3The powder coating shall be maintained in a temperature-controlled environment following the written rec-ommendations of the powder coating manufacturer until ready for use,at which point the powder coating shall be given sufficient time to reach approximate plant ambient temperature.5.3If speciﬁed in the order,patching material,compatible with the coating,inert in concrete,and recommended by the powder coating manufacturer,shall be supplied to the pur-chaser.6.Prefabrication of Steel Reinforcing Bars6.1The steel reinforcing bars to be coated shall have been prefabricated in accordance with the purchaser’s requirements or project speciﬁcations prior to surface preparation.N OTE 4—Drive rolls on shear beds and backup barrels on benders should be protected with a suitable covering to minimize crushing or creating rollover damage to the steel reinforcing bar deformations during the fabrication process.7.Surface Preparation of Steel Reinforcing Bars7.1The surface of the steel reinforcing bars shall be cleaned by abrasive blast steel grit to near-white metal in accordance with SSPC-SP10.5Available from American Concrete Institute,38800Country Club Drive,Farmington Hills,MI 48331.6Available from Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute,933N.Plum Grove Rd.,Schaumburg,IL60173.7.1.1The ﬁnal surface condition shall be deﬁned according to SSPC-VIS1.7.1.2Average blast proﬁle roughness depth readings of 37to 100µm [1.5to 4.0mils],as determined by replica tape measurements using RP0287or other methods acceptable to the purchaser,shall be considered suitable as an anchor pattern.N OTE 5—The use of a proﬁlometer type surface measurement instru-ment that measures the peak count as well as the maximum proﬁle depth is recommended.7.2A steel grit of Rockwell Hardness C50or higher shall be used.A maximum of 5%steel shot is allowable in the media.N OTE 6—Recycled steel grit abrasive should be maintained so as to minimize contaminants such as oil,salt,and dust caused by the blasting operation.7.3Multidirectional,high-pressure dry air knives shall be used after blast cleaning to remove dust,grit,and other foreign matter from the steel surface.The air knives shall not deposit oil on the steel reinforcing bars.N OTE 7—It is recommended that incoming steel reinforcing bars and blast media be checked for salt contamination prior to use.Blast media found to be salt contaminated should be rejected.Steel reinforcing bars found to be salt contaminated from exposure to deicing salts or salt spray should be cleaned by acid washing or other suitable methods to remove salt contiminants from the surface prior to blast cleaning.7.4It shall be permissible for the manufacturer to use a chemical wash or conversion of the steel reinforcing bar surface,or both,to enhance coating adhesion.This pretreat-ment shall be applied after abrasive cleaning and before coating,in accordance with the written application instructions speciﬁed by the pretreatment manufacturer.8.Coating Application8.1Cleaned,uncoated steel reinforcing bars shall be handled by personnel wearing clean gloves to prevent contami-nation of the steel surface.8.2If pretreatment is used in the preparation of the surface the powder coating shall be applied to the cleaned and pretreated steel reinforcing bar surface as soon as possible after surface treatments have been completed,and before visible oxidation of the surface occurs as discernible to a person with normal or corrected vision.In no case shall application of the coating be delayed more than 3h after cleaning.8.3The fusion-bonded epoxy powder coating shall be applied in accordance with the written recommendations of the manufacturer of the powder coating for initial steel surface temperature range and post application cure requirements.The temperature of the surface immediately prior to coating shall bemeasured using infrared guns or temperature-indicating cray-ons at least once every 30min during continuous operations.N OTE 8—The use of infrared and temperature-indicating crayon mea-surement of the steel reinforcing bars is recommended.8.4The powder coating shall be applied by electrostatic spray or other suitable method.9.Requirements for Coated Steel Reinforcing Bars 9.1Coating Thickness :9.1.1The coating thickness on straight sections of bars,after curing,shall be 175to 300µm [7to 12mils].The coating thickness on bent sections of bars,after curing,shall be 175to 405mm [7to 16mils].Bent sections of bars are deﬁned as the entire radius of each bend and portions of the bar extending 150mm [6in.]beyond the beginning and ending bend points on the bar.Bars that are bent with a radius such as Bend Type 9(Fig.1)shall have the same coating thickness requirements as straight bars,when the 9H 9dimension is equal to or less than one-half of the 9R 9dimension.N OTE 9—Section 9.1.1permits a maximum coating thickness of 405µm [16mils]on bent sections of bars.Discussion of the effect of the permissible increased coating thickness on the anchorage capacity of bent bars embedded in concrete is presented in Appendix X3.9.1.2A single recorded steel reinforcing bar coating thick-ness measurement is the average of three individual gage readings obtained between three consecutive deformations.A minimum of ﬁve recorded measurements shall be taken ap-proximately evenly spaced along each side of the test specimen (a minimum of ten recorded measurements per bar).9.1.3For acceptance purposes,the average of all recorded coating thickness measurements shall not be less than the speciﬁed minimum thickness or more than the speciﬁed maximum thickness.No single recorded coating thickness measurement shall be less than 80%of the speciﬁed minimum thickness or more than 120%of the speciﬁed maximum thickness.9.1.4Measurements shall be made in accordance with SSPC–PA2following the instructions for calibration and use recommended by the thickness gage manufacturer.Pull-off or ﬁxed probe gages shall be used.Pencil-type pull-off gages that require the operator to observe the readings at the instant the magnet is pulled from the surface shall not be used.9.1.5Approximately equal numbers of straight and bent sections of coated steel reinforcing bars shall be evaluated.On the bent sections,approximately half of these measurements shall be made on the inside radius and half on the outsideradius.FIG.1Bend Type 9(ACI315)9.2Coating Continuity:9.2.1Holiday checks to determine the acceptability of the coated steel reinforcing bars prior to shipment shall be made at the manufacturer’s plant with a hand-held67.5-V,80000-V, wet-sponge-type dc holiday detector.9.2.2There shall not be on average more than three holidays per metre[one holiday per linear foot]on the coated steel reinforcing bars.The average applies to the full production length of a bar.For coated bars less than0.3m[1ft]in length, the maximum shall be one holiday.9.2.3A wetting agent shall be used in accordance with Test Methods G62in the inspection for holidays on the coated steel reinforcing bars.9.2.4The coated steel reinforcing bars shall be inspected ata maximum rate of0.05m/s[0.2ft/s],wiping one side of the coated bar and then the other with the wetted sponge or an equivalent method.N OTE10—Care should be taken that contact of the sponge along the entire steel surface being tested is maintained in order to obtain an accurate holiday count.9.3Coating Flexibility:9.3.1Coatingﬂexibility shall be evaluated by bending production-coated steel reinforcing bars around a mandrel eight times the nominal diameter(d)of the bar at a uniform rate and within5s.The exception to the8d mandrel requirement shall be Nos.43and57[Nos.14and18]bars.A430-mm [17-in.]mandrel(9.71d)shall be used when evaluating No.43 [No.14]bar,and a580-mm[23-in.]mandrel(10.22d)shall be used with No.57[No.18]bar.For Nos.10to16[Nos.3to5] coated steel reinforcing bars,the bend angle after rebound shall be9°.For No.19to57[Nos.6to18]coated steel reinforcing bars,the bend angle after rebound shall be6°.The two longitudinal deformations shall be placed in a plane perpen-dicular to the mandrel radius.The temperature of the test specimens shall be between20and30°C[68and86°F].9.3.2Cracking or disbonding of the coating on the outside radius of the bent bar discernible to a person with normal or corrected vision shall be considered cause for rejection of the coated steel reinforcing bars represented by the bend test sample.9.4Coating Adhesion:9.4.1Coating adhesion shall be evaluated by cathodic disbondment testing of production-coated steel reinforcing bars.Test Method G42shall be followed except,(1)the cathode shall be a200-mm[8-in.]long coated steel reinforcing bar;(2)the anode shall be a150-mm[6-in.]long solid platinum electrode(1.6-mm[0.06-in.]nominal diameter)or platinized wire(3-mm[0.12-in.]nominal diameter);(3)a calomel reference electrode shall be used;(4)the electrolyte solution shall be3%NaCl by mass dissolved in distilled water;(5)the electrolyte solution temperature shall be656 2°C[15063.6°F];(6)the drilled coating defect shall be3mm [0.12in.]in diameter;(7)a potential of–3V measured against the calomel reference electrode shall be applied and a10–ohm shunt resistor used,and;(8)the test duration shall be24h.9.4.2Following the24-h exposure and prior to coating evaluation,the coated steel reinforcing bar shall be given a minimum of a1-h cooling-off period to allow the bar to reach 20to30°C[68to86°F].9.4.3Measurements of the cathodic disbondment radius shall be obtained at0°,90°,180°,and270°.The average of the four values shall not exceed6mm[0.24in.]when measured from the edge of the intentional coating defect.9.4.4Approximately even numbers of straight and bent sections of coated steel reinforcing bars shall be evaluated (approximately half of these tests shall be made on the inside radius and half on the outside radius on the bent bar sections).10.Frequency of Tests10.1Tests for coating thickness shall be made on a mini-mum of two bars of straight section and two bars of bent section of each size from each production hour.10.2Tests for coating continuity shall be conducted on a minimum of two bars of each size from each production hour.10.3Tests for coatingﬂexibility shall be made on a mini-mum of one bar of each bar size from each four production hours.10.4Tests for coating adhesion shall be made on a mini-mum of two bars from each8-h production shift:one straight bar section and one bent bar section.If there are no bent bars being coated during the production period,a second straight bar section shall be substituted for the test.11.Retests11.1If any test specimen for coating thickness,continuity,ﬂexibility,or adhesion fails to meet the speciﬁed requirements, the bar from which the test specimen was taken shall be rejected and two further coated steel reinforcing bars from the same lot shall be subjected to the test or tests in which the original bar failed.If both additional coated steel reinforcing bars pass the retest,the lot from which they were taken shall be deemed to meet the requirements of this speciﬁcation.If either of them fails,the lot shall be deemed not to comply with this speciﬁcation.11.2If the lot does not comply with this speciﬁcation,two coated steel reinforcing bars shall be selected from the lot immediately preceding and immediately following the non-compliant lot and subjected to the test or tests in which the original bars failed.If all bars pass the retests,then the lots shall be deemed to meet the requirements of this speciﬁcation. If any bar fails a retest,the lot from which it originated shall be deemed not to comply with this speciﬁcation.11.3In the case of a second noncompliant lot,the untested lot immediately next to it,which may be preceding or following,shall be subjected to retest.This procedure shall be repeated until a compliant lot is tested.N OTE11—In the use of the Retest provision of this speciﬁcation,a“lot”is deﬁned as the coated steel reinforcing bars that are represented by the sample which has been tested.A certain number of coated steel reinforcing bars will have been produced since the last acceptance test was performed and accepted.The steel reinforcing bars that have been coated since that last test should be divided into four equal time period groups according to when they were produced.Each lot should then be further deﬁned as those coated steel reinforcing bars that have been produced in a given time period since the last acceptedtest.12.Permissible Amount of Damaged Coating and Repairof Damaged Coating12.1Damaged coating discernible to a person with normal or corrected vision shall be repaired with patching material meeting the requirements of5.3in accordance with the written recommendations of the patching material manufacturer.Any rust shall be removed by suitable means before application of the patching material.12.2The maximum amount of repaired damaged coating shall not exceed1%of the total surface area in each0.3-m [1-ft]length.N OTE12—If the amount of repaired damaged coating in any 0.3–m[1–ft]length of a coated bar exceeds1%,that section should be removed from the coated steel reinforcing bar and discarded.In patching damaged coating,care should be taken not to apply the patching material over an excessive area of the intact coating during the repair process.Too large an area of thick patching material,especially on smaller-size reinforcing bars,is likely to cause a reduction in bond strength of the bars to concrete.12.3Repaired areas shall have a minimum thickness of250µm[10mils].13.Inspection13.1The inspector representing the owner/purchaser shall have free entry at all times,while work on the contract of the purchaser is being performed,to the parts of the manufactur-er’s coating line that concern the manufacture of the coated steel reinforcing bar ordered.The manufacturer shall provide access to all reasonable facilities to satisfy the inspector that the coated steel reinforcing bar is being furnished in accor-dance with this speciﬁcation.All tests and inspections shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to shipment unless otherwise speciﬁed,and shall be conducted so as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the coating line. At a mutually agreed upon frequency,the purchaser or the purchaser’s representative shall be permitted to take lengths of coated steel reinforcing bar from the production run for testing.14.Rejection14.1Coated steel reinforcing bars represented by test speci-mens that do not meet the requirements of this speciﬁcation shall be rejected and marked with a contrasting color paint or other suitable identiﬁcation.At the manufacturer’s option,the affected lot shall be replaced or,alternately,stripped of coating, recleaned,recoated,and resubmitted for acceptance testing in accordance with the requirements of this speciﬁcation.N OTE13—If the coating is not to be stripped from the rejected steel reinforcing bars,the bars should be scrapped.15.Certiﬁcation15.1The purchaser shall be furnished,at the time of shipment,written certiﬁcation that samples representing each lot of coated steel reinforcing bars have been either tested or inspected as directed in this speciﬁcation and the requirements have been met.When speciﬁed in the purchase order or contract,a report of the test results shall be furnished.16.Handling and Identiﬁcation16.1Coated steel reinforcing bars shall be transported and handled with care.All systems for handling coated steel reinforcing bars shall have padded contact areas.All bundling bands shall be padded,or suitable banding used to prevent damage to the coating.All bundles of coated steel reinforcing bars shall be lifted with a strong back,spreader bar,multiple supports,or a platform bridge to prevent bar-to-bar abrasion from sags in the bundles.The coated steel reinforcing bars or bundles shall not be dropped or dragged.16.2Smaller pieces of coated steel reinforcing bars,such as stirrups and ties,shall be packaged in such a way as to minimize damage to the coating during shipping and handling.16.3If circumstances require storing coated steel reinforc-ing bars outdoors for more than two months,protective storage measures shall be implemented to protect the material from sunlight,salt spray,and weather exposure.If the manufacturer stores coated steel reinforcing bars outdoors without cover,the date on which the coated bars are placed outdoor shall be recorded on the identiﬁcation tag of the bundled steel.Coated steel reinforcing bars stored in severe corrosive environments will require protection sooner.Coated steel reinforcing bars or bundles shall be covered with opaque polyethylene sheeting or other suitable opaque protective material.For stacked bundles, the protective covering shall be draped around the perimeter of the stack.The covering shall be secured adequately,and allow for air circulation around the bars to minimize condensation under the covering.16.4All coated steel reinforcing bars or bundles shall be stored off the ground on protective cribbing.16.5The identiﬁcation of all steel reinforcing bars shall be maintained throughout the fabrication and coating process to the point of shipment.16.6Quality assurance codes that certify compliance to this speciﬁcation shall be placed on all identiﬁcation tags of the coated steel reinforcing bars or bundles.These codes shall include references to the date of fabrication,the date of coating,the powder coating lot designation and the quality assurance testing performed.17.Keywords17.1concrete reinforcement;corrosion resistance;epoxy coating;prefabrication;steel reinforcingbarsANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1.REQUIREMENTS FOR FUSION-BONDED EPOXY POWDER COATINGS FOR PREFABRICATED STEEL REINFORCINGBARSA1.1Epoxy Powder CoatingsA1.1.1This annex covers qualiﬁcation requirements for fusion-bonded epoxy powder coatings for protecting steel reinforcing bars from corrosion.A1.1.2Other organic coatings may be used provided they meet the requirements of this speciﬁcation.A1.2Test MaterialsA1.2.1A0.5-kg[1-lb]sample of the powder coating with its generic description and itsﬁngerprint(including the method such as infrared spectroscopy or thermal analysis)shall be submitted to the testing agency.Theﬁngerprint and generic description shall become an integral part of the qualiﬁcation test report.A1.2.2A sample of patching material shall be submitted to the testing agency.The product name and a description of the patching material shall be given in the test report.A1.2.3Test Specimens:A1.2.3.1The following specimens shall be submitted as a minimum for testing:(1)Fourteen1.2-m[4-ft]long No.19[No.6],Grade420 [Grade60]deformed steel reinforcing bars,with a coating thickness of175to300µm[7to12mils].(2)Six uncoated and uncleaned No.19[No.6]steel reinforcing bars,1.2m[4ft]long,from the same lot of steel as the coated bars.(3)Four100by100by1.3-mm[4by4by0.05-in.]thick steel plates with center holes for Taber abrasers with a coating thickness of250650µm[1062mils].(4)Four100by100-mm[4by4-in.]freeﬁlms of coating material with a thickness of175to225µm[7to9mils]. (5)Twelve coated No.19[No.6]steel reinforcing bars, 0.25-m[10-in.]long,with a coating thickness of175to300µm [7to12mils].The coated bars shall have their ends sealed witha minimum of250µm[10mils]of patching material.(6)Ten coated No.19[No.6]steel reinforcing bars,0.20–m [8–in.]long,with a coating thickness of175to300µm[7to12 mils].The coated bars shall have their ends sealed with a minimum of250µm[10mils]of patching material.A1.2.3.2Steel reinforcing bars with a nominal diameter within61mm[0.04in.]of No.19[No.6]bars shall be acceptable for qualiﬁcation testing.A1.2.3.3The coating on the bars andﬁlms tested shall be free of holes,voids,contamination,cracks,and damaged areas. The coated bars shall be checked for holidays using a67.5-V, 80000-V,wet-sponge-type dc holiday detector in accordance with Test Method G62.The total number of coating holidays found on the bar specimens tested shall be reported.A1.2.3.4The powder coating manufacturer shall specify the method and grade of metal surface preparation and the coating application procedures for the test specimens and for contract production of coated steel reinforcing bars.These procedures shall be listed in the test report.Note that production-coated steel reinforcing bars shall be required to be manufactured in the same manner as the qualiﬁcation bars.Therefore,it is necessary that the qualiﬁcation coated steel reinforcing bars be prepared in the same manner proposed for production.Varia-tions in the critical preparation,thermal treatment,coating procedures and cure methods known to be allowable without a compromise in quality shall also be detailed in the qualiﬁcation report.A1.3Coating RequirementsA1.3.1Chemical Resistance—The chemical resistance of the coating shall be evaluated in accordance with Test Method G20by immersing coated steel reinforcing bars in each of the following:distilled water,a3-M aqueous solution of CaCl2,a 3-M aqueous solution of NaOH,and a solution saturated with Ca(OH)2.Specimens without holidays and specimens with an intentional6-mm[0.25-in.]diameter hole drilled through the coating shall be tested.The temperature of the test solutions shall be2462°C[7563.6°F].The immersion shall last45 days.The coating must not blister,soften,lose bond,or develop holidays during this period.The coating surrounding the intentionally made hole shall exhibit no undercutting during the45-day period.A1.3.2Cathodic Disbondment—The effects of electrical and electrochemical stresses on the bond of the coating to steel and on theﬁlm integrity shall be assessed in elevated and ambient temperature cathodic disbondment tests.Fig.A1.1 presents the recommended equipment conﬁguration for per-forming cathodic disbondment testing on steel reinforcing bars. The intentional coating defect shall be placed approximately50 mm[2in.]from the sealed end of the test bar centered between the longitudinal and transverse ribs.It shall be drilled just deep enough to expose a full3–mm[0.12–in.]diameter in the steel. The test bar shall be inserted with the sealed end of the bar resting on the bottom of the test vessel and electrolyte added until100mm[4in.]of the bar length is submerged.A1.3.2.1Test A—Test Method G42shall be followed except,(1)the cathode shall be a200-mm[8-in.]long coated steel reinforcing bar;(2)the anode shall be a150-mm[6-in.] long solid platinum electrode(1.6-mm[0.06-in.]nominal diameter)or platinized wire(3-mm[0.12-in.]nominal diam-eter);(3)a calomel reference electrode shall be used;(4)the electrolyte solution shall be3%NaCl by mass dissolved in distilled water;(5)the electrolyte solution temperature shall be 6562°C[15063.6°F];(6)the drilled coating defect shall be 3mm[0.12in.]in diameter;(7)a potential of−3V measured against the calomel reference electrode shall be applied and a 10–ohm shunt resistor used;and(8)the test duration shall be 24h.The tested bars shall be allowed to cool for approximately 160.25h prior to evaluation.Four measurements shallbe。

外国钢结构相关规范[工程类精品文档]

外国钢结构相关规范[工程类精品文档]本文内容极具参考价值,如若有用,请打赏支持,谢谢!1《LoadandresistanceFactordesignSpecificationforStructuralSteelBuildings》AISC-LRFD93美国钢结构学会19932《SpecificationfortheDesignofCold-FormedSteelStructuralMembers》美国钢铁学会AISI19963《钢结构焊接规范》美国焊接学会19794《WorkingDraft.Steelstructures.materialsanddesign》ISO/TC167/SC1-N2191989 5《钢混组合梁设计与施工规范》德国规范学会,郑州工学院译19836《钢骨钢筋混凝土结构计算标准》日本建筑学会1987,067《钢构造限界状态设计指针》AIJ98日本建筑学会19988《钢结构塑性设计规范》日本建筑学会9《钢管构造设计施工指针》日本建筑学会199010《高强螺栓结合设计与施工指南》日本建筑学会198311《日本建筑结构抗震设计条例》198112《结构构件焊接加固指南》前苏联197913加拿大国家建筑法规(NationalBuildingCode-NBC1990)〕14美国土木工程师协会标准(AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineersStandards-ASCE7-95)15欧洲钢结构规范EC316英国钢结构规范BS5950-199017德国钢结构规范DIN18800-ii注：GB国家标准（强制性）GB/T国家标准（推荐性）GBJ工程建设国家标准CECS中国工程建设标准化协会标准YB冶金工业行业标准JG/T建筑工业行业标准（推荐性）JGJ建筑工程行业标准结语：借用拿破仑的一句名言：播下一个行动，你将收获一种习惯；播下一种习惯，你将收获一种性格；播下一种性格，你将收获一种命运。

EuroBLECH2008第二十届欧洲金属板材加工展总结

2008年冲压钣金行业的新进展－第二十届欧洲金属板材展览会（EuroBLECH2008）回顾刘明星中国锻压协会国际项目与会展部主管齐俊河中国锻压协会副秘书长冲压委员会干事长为了解金属板材成形行业的最近进展，向国际同行宣传中国国际金属成形展览会（MetalForm China），中国锻压协会再次组团参加了2008年10月21-25日在德国汉诺威举办第二十届欧洲金属板材展。

一直以来，EuroBLECH展览会是冲压和钣金行业最好的展览会，每隔两年，来自全世界的专业人士汇聚在这里，展示、交流和分享最新的技术进展和未来的行业走势。

主办方会后公布了统计数据：本次展会净展示面积87，700平米，共有展商1520家，来自38个国家，同时观众694，000名，来自70个国家。

根据现场的情况看，上述数据是可信的。

那么这次展会有什么看点呢？我们粗略总结了一下，认为有四大看点，供同行参考：1．激光的应用更加广泛。

激光应用是EuroBLECH连续多届主推的亮点，本次展会也不例外，共有64家公司展出激光方面的产品：包括中国熟悉的通快、百超、天田、BLM、FINN POWER、MAZAK、LVD、MOTOMAN、普瑞玛、萨瓦尼尼、舒勒、ROFIN以及不太熟的CLOOS、Baykal、ADIRA等公司展示了各种激光设备，其中包括大约40台大功率的激光切割设备。

激光焊接和切割主要应用在汽车行业，最适合加工厚度2mm的板材，有资料表明欧美发达国家的汽车零部件有50％－70％是激光加工完成，从最近的趋势看，对于中厚板切割，激光切割也能很好地完成。

激光焊接成为大汽车厂的标准工艺，它将不等厚度和不同材质的板材紧密焊接在一起，既可以保证受力部分有足够的强度，又可减轻不必要的重量，提高了车身的钢性和安全性，同时也降低了噪声。

但是激光焊接的缺点也很明显，即投资巨大，非中小企业能够承担，对工件的装备精度和定位精度高，否则就容易出焊接缺陷。

为了弥补上述缺陷，本次展会推介了日趋成熟的激光－电弧混合焊接系统，该系统对单纯的激光焊接和电弧焊接进行了扬长避短，用激光束有效地控制和稳定电弧，减少了热量的使用，使焊接速度更快（有的速度提高达60％）、更稳定，焊缝可以更大、流动性更好，焊接的金属厚度更厚，金属性能也更佳，这样中小企业的投资也变得合算了。

国外结构钢简介

FH36
-60℃
34J
-
-
美标结构钢
平均最小冲击功，纵向材料等级冲击温度 t≤50mm AH40 DH40 EH40 FH40 0℃ -20℃ -40℃ -60℃ 41J 41J 41J 41J 50<t≤70mm 70<t≤100mm -
推荐用途-船用钢板（PL100mm）、船用型材、船用棒材
美标结构钢
ASTM A242 高强度低合金结构钢机械性能强度等级：最小屈服强度为345MPa 冲击要求：除特别指定外，无冲击要求。推荐用途- 钢板（PL100mm）、型材、钢棒 ASTM A514焊接用淬火回火高强度合金钢板机械性能强度等级：最小屈服强度为690MPa 冲击要求：除特别指定外，无冲击要求。推荐用途- 钢板（PL150mm）、型材、钢棒
美标结构钢
ASTM和API标准材料 ASTM-American Society for Testing Material 美国试验材料学会常用的ASTM结构钢标准有： ASTM A36 结构钢 ASTM A131 船用结构钢 ASTM A242 高强度低合金结构钢 ASTM A514 焊接用淬火回火高强度合金钢板 ASTM A633 正火的高强度低合金结构钢 ASTM A240 中温压力容器用耐热铬及铬镍不锈钢板、薄板和带材
美标结构钢
API 2H 海洋平台管接头用碳锰钢板规范机械性能强度等级：按屈服强度分为两个等级最小屈服强度为289MPa-Grade 42；最小屈服强度为345MPa-Grade 50。冲击要求：冲击温度-40 ℃ 。推荐用途- 钢板（PL100mm）附加要求- S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S7、S8、S 9、S11、S12、S13和S14共12个附加要求。如下表所示：

金属材料名称中英文对准表

钢材词汇英汉对照A R Steel 高温度锰钢Abnormal Steel 反常钢; 非正常钢Aluminium-steel Cable 钢铝电缆Aluminized Steel 涂铝钢Aluminum Nickel Steel 铝镍钢Anchored Steel Trestle 锚固式钢栈桥Angle Steel Ruler 钢角尺Anisotropic Steel 各向异性钢片Anisotropy Silicon Steel 各向异性硅钢片Annealed Sheet Steel 退火薄钢板Annealed Steel 退火钢; 韧钢Anti-Creeping Angle Steel 防爬角铁Anticorrosive Aluminium-Coated Steel Wire 防蚀镀铝钢丝Arc-Furnace Steel 电炉钢Arc-Welded Steel Pipe 电弧焊接钢管Area Of Steel 钢筋断面面积; 钢筋截面面积Area Of Structural Steel 型钢截面积Armco Aluminized Steel 阿姆柯渗铝钢Armco Aluminized Steel 表面浸镀铝钢Armco Stabilized Steel 阿母柯稳定化钢Armco Steel 阿姆柯软钢Armco Steel 不硬化钢Austenilic Ni-Cr Stainless Steel 奥氏体镍铬不锈钢Austenitic Alloy Steel 奥氏体合金钢Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Steel 奥氏体铬-镍钢Austenitic Clad Steel 奥氏体复合钢Austenitic Heat-Resistance Steel 奥氏体耐热钢Austenitic Manganese Steel 奥氏体锰钢; 哈德菲尔德锰钢Austenitic Stainless Steel 奥氏体不锈钢Austenitic Steel 奥氏体钢Automatic Steel 易切削钢Automatic(Al) Steel 易切削钢Axle Shaft Steel 车轴钢Axle Steel 车轴钢Bainitic Steel 贝氏体钢Balanced Steel 半镇静钢Ball Bearing Steel Strip 滚珠轴承钢带Ball Race Steel 滚珠轴承圈钢Ball-Bearing Steel 滚珠轴承钢Bamboo Steel 竹节钢筋Band Steel 带钢Banding Steel 带钢; 箍钢Bar Steel 棒钢; 条钢Basic Bessemer Steel 碱性贝氏转炉钢Basic Bessemer Steel 碱性转炉钢Basic Bessemer Steel Converter 碱性转炉钢转炉Basic Converter Steel 碱性转炉钢Basic Electric Furnace Steel 碱性电炉钢Basic Open Hearth Steel 碱性平炉钢Battened Steel Column 双肢钢柱Beam Steel Plate 大梁钢板Beam With Compression Steel 双筋梁Bearing Quality Steel 滚珠钢Bearing Steel 轴承钢Bent Steel 挠曲钢筋Bessemer Low Carbon Steel 酸性转炉低碳钢Bessemer Mild Steel 贝色麦钢Bessemer Steel 贝色麦钢; 酸性钢Best Plough Steel Wire 铅淬火高强度钢丝Billet Steel 坯段钢; 钢坯; 短条钢Binary Steel 二元合金钢Black Mild Steel Carriage Bolt And Nut 黑铁马车螺丝闩Black Mild Steel Fish Bolt And Nut 黑铁鱼尾螺丝闩Black Mild Steel Flat Head Rivet 黑铁扁头铆钉Black Mild Steel Flat Head Tinmen Rivet 黑铁号头铆钉Black Mild Steel Hexagonal Nut 黑铁六角螺丝帽Black Mild Steel Pan Head Rivet 黑铁锥头铆钉Black Mild Steel Round Head Rivet 黑铁圆头铆钉Black Mild Steel Square Nut 黑铁四方螺丝帽Black Steel Pipe 黑钢板Black Steel Sheet 黑钢皮Black Tin Steel 黑钢板Blister Steel 泡钢; 泡面钢Abnormal Structure Steel 反常组织钢Abrasion-Resistant Steel 耐磨钢Blue Steel 蓝钢Bluing Of Steel 钢加蓝Boiler Steel 锅炉钢; 锅炉钢板Boiler Steel Plate 锅炉钢板Boiling Steel 沸腾钢Bolting Steel 螺栓钢Blue Planished Steel 发蓝薄钢板Bloom Steel 初轧钢; 钢坯Boron Steel 硼钢Brass Fitting Of Steel Window 钢窗铜配件Brass-Plated Mild Steel Round Bead Wood Screw 镀黄铜圆头软钢木螺丝Brass-Plated Mild Steel Round Head Machine Screw 镀黄铜圆头软钢机器螺丝Brass-Plated Steel Wire 镀黄铜钢丝Brearley Steel 布里阿雷不锈钢; 布氏高铬钢Bridge Steel 桥梁钢Bright And Black Mild Steel Flat Head Tinmen Rivet 号头铆钉Bright Mild Steel Cotter Pin 光亮软钢开尾销Bright Mild Steel Countersunk Head Wood Screw 光亮软钢平头木螺丝Bright Mild Steel Hexagonal Nut 光亮软钢六角螺丝帽Bright Mild Steel Hexagonal Nuts 六角光螺帽; 六角螺丝帽Bright Mild Steel Hexagonal Pressed Nut 光亮软钢六角冲压螺丝帽Bright Mild Steel Round Head Wood Screw 光亮软钢圆头木螺丝Bright-Drawn Free Cutting Steel 光拉自由切削钢Bright-Drawn Steel 光亮拉拔钢材Bright-Finished Steel 光亮精整钢Bristol Steel Belt Lacing 布瑞斯涛钢带接头Bronze Steel 镀青铜钢Building Of Steel Frame Construction 钢框架房屋Bulb Steel 球扁钢Bulb-Rail Steel 球头丁字钢Burned Steel 过烧钢Calorized Steel 涂铝钢; 渗化钢Calorizing Steel 铝化钢Capped Steel 加盖钢; 半镇静钢Carbon And Low-Alloy Steel Vessels 碳钢及低合金钢容器Carbon Content Of Steel 钢含碳量Carbon Molybdenum Steel 钼碳钢Carbon Steel 碳钢; 碳素钢Carbon Steel Covered Electrode 碳钢焊条Carbon Steel Plate 碳素钢板; 碳素钢板和型材Carbon Tool Steel 碳工具钢; 碳素工具钢Carbon-Containing Alloy Steel 含碳合金钢Carbon-Free Stainless Steel 无碳不锈钢Carbon-Free Steel 无碳钢Carburizing Steel 碳钢Case-Hardened Steel 表面渗碳硬化钢; 渗碳钢Bolts & Nuts For Steel Slotted 角钢螺丝Cast Alloy Steel Piston 合金铸钢活塞Cast Iron Electrode With Steel Core 钢芯铸铁焊条Cast Stainless Steel 铸造不锈钢Cast Steel 铸钢件Cast Steel Plate 铸钢板Cast(Carbon) Steel 铸钢Cast-In Steel Bush 铸入钢套Casement Section Steel 窗框钢Cast-Steel 铸钢Cast-Steel Crossing 铸钢辙叉Cast-Steel Pipe 铸钢管Cast-Steel Separator 铸钢隔板; 铸钢横梁Cast-Steel Shot 钢砂Cast-Steel Yoke 铸钢轭Cellular Steel Floor 格型钢楼板Cement-And-Grouted Steel Bolt 钢筋砂浆锚杆Cemented Steel 表面硬化钢Cemented Templet Steel 渗碳样板钢Centra Steel 球状石墨铸钢Centrifugal Steel 离心铸钢Centrifuge(D) Steel 离心铸造钢Channel Steel 槽钢Channel-Section Steel 槽形钢Channeled-Steel Wheel Rim 槽钢制轮辋Checkered Steel Plate 花纹钢板Chemical Capped Steel 化学封顶钢Chilled Cast Steel 冷硬铸钢Chilled Hardened Steel 淬火钢Chilled Steel 淬火钢; 淬硬钢Chisel Steel 凿钢; 凿子钢Chrome Hardened Steel 铬硬化钢Chrome Steel 铬钢Chrome-Carbon Steel 铬碳钢Chrome-Manganese Nitrogen Steel 铬锰氮钢Chrome-Manganese-Silicon Alloy Steel 铬锰硅合金钢Chrome-Molybdenum Steel 铬钼钢Chrome-Nickel Steel 铬镍钢Chrome-Plated Steel Nozzle 镀铬钢喷管Chrome-Silicon Steel 铬硅钢Chrome-Tungsten Steel 铬钨钢Chrome-Vanadium Steel 铬钒钢Chromemanganese Steel 铬锰钢Chromium Nickel Steel 高强度耐蚀铬镍钢Chromium Stainless Steel 铬不锈钢Chromium Steel 铬钢Chromium-Molybdenum Steel 铬钼钢Chromium-Nickel Steel 铬镍钢Chromium-Plated Mild Steel Animal Chain 镀铬软钢动物链条Chromium-Tungstenvanadium Steel 铬钨钒钢Chromiummanganese Steel 铬锰钢Chromiumnickel Austenite Stainless Steel 铬镍奥氏体不锈钢Chromiumplated Thin-Walled Steel Cylinder Liner 钢质薄壁镀铬汽缸衬套Chromized Steel 渗铬钢Circular Steel Support 环形金属支架Clad Sheet Steel 包层薄钢板Clad Steel 包层钢; 双层钢; 双金属钢Clad Steel Plate 复合钢板Cladding Steel 包覆钢Cladding Steel Sheet 复合钢板Clean Steel 纯净钢; 洁净钢Closed Die Steel 闭锻模钢Coarse-Grained Steel 粗晶粒钢Coated Steel 镀层钢板Coating Steel Pipe 镀锌钢管Cobalt High Speed Steel 钴高速钢Cobalt-Chromium Steel 钴铬钢Coiled Steel 成卷带钢Cold Forging Steel 冷锻钢Cold Pressed Steel 冷压钢Cold Reduced Steel 马口铁卷板Cold Rolled Ribbed Steel Bar 冷轧竹节钢筋Cold Rolled Sheet Steel 冷轧薄钢板Cold Twisted Steel Bar 冷扭钢筋Cold-Banded Steel Pipe 冷箍钢管Cold-Drawn Steel 冷拔钢; 冷拉钢Cold-Drawn Steel Pipe 冷拉钢管Cold-Drawn Steel Tube 冷拉钢管Cold-Finished Steel 冷加工精整钢Cold-Pressed Sheet Steel 冷压薄钢板Cold-Pressed Steel Plate 冷压钢板Cold-Pressing Quality Steel 冷弯钢Cold-Roll Steel Sheets 冷轧钢板Cold-Rolled (Cold Rolled) Steel 冷轧钢Cold-Rolled Carbon Spring Steel 冷轧弹簧碳钢Cold-Rolled Carbon Steel 冷轴碳钢Cold-Rolled Steel Strip 冷轧带钢Cold-Shaping Steel 冷变形钢Cold-Short Steel 冷脆钢Cold-Steel 利器Cold-Strip Steel 冷轧带钢Cold-Strip Steel Rolling Mill 冷轧带钢机; 带钢冷轧机Cold-Worked Steel 冷作钢Cold-Working Steel 冷作钢Coldshort Steel 冷脆钢Color Stainless Steel 彩色不锈钢Colored Stainless Steel 彩色不锈钢Column With Steel Hooping 螺旋箍筋柱Combined Steel And Concrete Column 钢骨混凝土柱Comminuted Steel Shot 钢粉Common Straight Carbon Steel 普通碳素钢Complex Alloy Steel 多元合金钢; 合金钢Complex Steel 多元合金钢; 合金钢Composite Iron And Steel 包钢铁Composite Steel 复层钢; 复合钢; 多层钢; 双层钢Composite Steel Bridge 复合钢桥Composite Steel Concrete Column 劲性混凝土柱Compound Steel 三层钢Compressed Asbestos Fibre Ointing With Steel Wire 进排气夹金属丝网橡胶石棉板Compressed Steel 压钢Concrete Steel 钢筋钢; 劲性钢筋Concrete-Reinforcing Steel 混凝土加固用钢筋Cast-In Steel Pipe 铸入钢管Construction Steel 构造钢Construction(Al) Steel 结构钢; 建筑钢Constructional Alloy Steel 合金结构钢Constructional Steel 构造钢Constructional Steel Bar 构造钢筋Converter Steel 转炉钢Cooler-Plated Steel 加盖沸腾钢Conical Steel Body 锥形钢体Cope In Steel Beam 钢梁的顶层Copper Alloy Steel 铜合金钢Copper Bearing Steel 含铜钢; 铜钢Copper Clad Steel 包铜钢Copper Clad Steel Conductor 包铜钢丝Copper Clad Steel Wire 铜包钢线Copper Coated Mild Steel Wire 镀铜软钢丝Copper Coated Stainless Steel Wire 镀铜不锈钢丝Copper Containing Steel 含铜钢Copper Covered Steel Conductor 铜包钢线Copper Plated Steel 镀铜钢板Copper Steel 铜钢Copper-Clad Steel Conductor 铜包钢线; 铜包钢线Copper-Clad Steel Wire 包铜钢丝Copperclad Steel Wire 铜包钢线Coppered Steel Wire 镀铜钢丝Copperplated Steel 包铜钢板Core Properties Of Case Hardened Steel 表面热处理后钢中心的性质Cored Steel 中空钢Corrosion Of Steel 钢材腐蚀Corrosion Resistant Steel 抗腐蚀钢Corrosion Resisting Steel 耐蚀钢Corrugate Steel 竹节钢筋Corrugated Roof Steel 瓦楞屋面钢板; 波纹屋面钢Corrugated Sheet Steel 波形钢板Corrugated Square Steel Bar 方竹节钢条Corrugated Steel 波纹钢; 波纹钢板Corrugated Steel Sheet 瓦垅钢板Creep-Resistant Steel 耐蠕变钢Crucible Cast Steel (用坩埚炼制的高级铸钢) 坩埚钢Crucible Steel 坩埚钢Crucible-Cast Steel 坩埚铸钢Crude Steel 粗钢Crushed Steel 碎钢粉Cryogenic Steel 低温用钢Cultivator Steel 中耕机锄铲; 耕耘机锄铲Cupric Cemented Steel 渗铜钢Cutlery Stainless Steel 刀具用不锈钢Cutlery Steel 刀具钢; 刃具钢Cutlery-Type Stainless Steel 刀具不锈钢Cutting Tool Steel 刃具钢Cutting-Tool Steel 切削工具钢Cyanided Steel 氰化钢Damascus Steel 大马士革钢Damask Steel 大马士革钢Dead Mild Steel 超低碳钢; 极软碳钢Dead Setting Steel 脱氧钢Dead Soft Steel 极软碳钢Dead Steel 全镇静钢; 软钢; 不能热处理钢Dead-Hard Steel 高强度钢; 高强钢; 高硬钢Dead-Melted Steel 全脱氧钢Deck-Girder Steel Dam 板梁式钢坝Deep Punching Steel 深冲钢Deep-Drawing Steel 深拉钢Deformed Channel Steel 异型槽钢Deformed Flat Steel 异型扁钢Deformed Ore-Stressed Concrete Steel Wire 预应力混凝土异形钢丝Deformed Round Steel Bar 圆竹节钢筋Deformed Steel Bar 周期断面钢材Deformed Steel Bars 螺纹钢Degasified Steel 除气钢Deoxidized Steel 脱氧钢Deposit Steel 熔敷钢Derrick Type Steel Tapes 架式钢卷尺Design Of Steel Structure 钢结构设计Diaphragm Steel (含34％Si) 电话薄膜钢Die Steel 模具钢Direct Steel Process 直接炼钢法; 一步炼钢法Directional Silicon Steel 各向异性硅钢Directional Silicon Steel Strip 各向异性硅钢片Dirty Steel 不洁钢Distributed Steel 配筋Distribution Steel 分布钢筋Door Lock With Stainless Steel Knob 不锈钢球型房门锁Double Period Section Steel 复合周期断面钢材Double-Alloy Steel 二元合金钢Dowel Steel 传力杆; 合缝钢条Drawing Steel 冷拉钢Drawn Steel 拔制钢; 拉制钢; 冷拉钢Dressing Of Steel Ingots 钢锭的整修Drill And Steel Wire Gage 钻径及钢丝规Drill Steel 钻钢; 钻头钢Drilling Steel 钢钎Drop Forged Steel Bench Vice 锻钢台虎钳Dry Steel 低级钢Ducol Steel 低锰结构钢Ductile Steel 韧性钢Cooperation Of Concrete And Steel 混凝土与钢筋的联合作用Duplex Process For Steel Making 双联法; 双联炼钢法Duplex Steel 双炼钢; 二联钢Dynamo Sheet Steel 电机用薄钢片Dynamo Steel 电机钢Dynamo Steel Sheet 电机钢板; 电机用硅钢片Bond Between Concrete And Steel 混凝土与钢筋间的结合力Accessories For Steel Rail 钢轨配件Electric Furnace Steel 电炉钢Electric Steel 电炉钢Electric Steel Furnace 电炉钢炉; 电气炼钢炉Electric Steel Heat 电炉钢熔炼Electric Steel Making Process 电炉炼钢操作法Electric Welded Steel Pipe 电焊钢管Electric(Al) Steel 电工钢Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe 电阻焊钢管Electrical Steel 电炉钢Electrical Steel Sheet 电工硅钢片Electro-Galvanised Steel-Clad Fire Door 电镀钢包防火门Electro-Galvanized Steel Wire 电镀锌钢丝Electroless Nickel Plated Steel 化学镀镍钢; 无电镀镍钢Electrosmelting Of Steel 电炉炼钢Embedded Steel 埋置钢筋En Steel (英国标准) 工程用低碳钢Enamelled Pressed Steel 搪瓷钢板Enamelling Sheet Steel 钢板搪瓷End-Bearing Steel H-Pile 端部承载的工字钢桩Equal Angle Steel 等边角钢Dull Steel Sheet 不光亮的钢板Effervescing Steel 沸腾钢Eutectic Steel 共晶钢Eutectoid Steel 共析钢Expanded Steel Diamond Mesh 菱形钢板网Expanded Steel Packing Element 钢板网蜂窝填料Extension Steel 接杆钎子Extra Deep-Drawing Steel 极深冲钢; 优质深冲钢Extra Fine Steel 超细钢Extra Hard Steel 特硬钢; 超硬钢Extra Soft Steel 特软钢Extra Special Improved Plough Steel Wire 超级制绳钢丝Extra Strong Steel Pipe 特强钢管Extra Thick Steel Wire 特粗钢丝Extra Thin Steel Wire 特细钢丝Extra-Deep Drawing Steel 超深冲钢Extra-High Tensile Steel 特高强度钢Extra-High-Tensile Steel 超高强度钢Extra-Low Carbon Steel 极低碳素钢Extra-Low-Carbon Stain Less Steel 超低碳不锈钢Effervescenced Steel 沸腾钢Fabricated Steel 结构钢Fabricated Steel Body 装配式钢体Fast Molten-Steel Temperature Gauge 钢液快速测温仪Equilateral Angle Steel 等边角钢Extreme Low Carbon Steel 超低碳钢Ferritic Stainless Steel 铁素体不锈钢Ferritic Steel Vessel 铁素体钢容器Ferro-Aluminium-Manganese Steel 铁铝锰钢Ferrovanadium Steel 钒钢Ferrite Steel 铁素体钢Ferritic Steel 铁素体钢Erection Of Steel Work 钢架装置Figured Steel 异形钢Fiery Steel 过烧钢Finished Steel 成品钢; 精制钢Finishing Steel 最后的钻杆Fire Resistance Steel Door 钢质防火门Fire-Resistant Coating For Steel Structure 钢结构防火涂料Fine Steel 合金钢Fixation With Steel Pin 钢丝针固定Fixation With Steel Wire 钢丝固定Acid Bessemer Steel 酸性转炉钢Flange Angle Steel 凸缘角钢Flange Cast Steel Sluice Valve 法兰铸钢闸阀Flange Steel 凸缘钢Flat And Round Steel-Chain 平圆式钢链Flat Bulb Steel 扁球钢Flat Mild Steel Bar 扁型软钢Flat Rolled Steel Bar 压延钢条Flat Spring Steel 扁弹簧钢; 扁簧钢Flat Steel 扁钢Flat Steel Bar 扁钢条Fire-Resisting Steel Sliding Door 防火钢推拉门File Steel 锉刀钢Flat Strip Steel 平钢带Flat Threaded Steel 扁螺纹钢Flat-Bulb Steel 球扁钢Flat-Rolled Steel 扁钢Flex Steel Tape 钢卷尺Flexible Drill Steel 挠性钢钎Flexible Flat Drill Steel 挠性扁钢钎Flexible Ribbon Steel 挠性带状钢钎Flexible Stainless-Steel Bellows 挠性不锈钢密封盒Flexible Steel 挠性钢钎Flexible Steel In Flat Section 挠性扁钢钎Fluid-Compressed Steel 液体压缩钢Folding Steel Chair 钢折椅Fixed Steel Window Shutter 固定钢百叶窗Forged Steel Magnet 锻造钢磁铁Forged Steel Rolls For Hot Rolling 锻钢热轧辊Forging Quality Steel 锻造用钢胚Forging Steel 锻钢Forging Steel Valve 锻钢阀Formed Steel Base 型钢底座Fountain Pen With Stainless Steel Cap 不锈钢套钢笔Fountain Pen With Stainless Steel Nib 不锈钢钢笔Four-Winged Steel Bit 十字形钢钻头Framework Of Steel Reinforcement 钢筋骨架Free Cutting Steel 高速切削钢; 自由切削钢Free Cutting Steel Wire 易切削钢丝Free Machining Steel 高速切削钢Free-Cutting Steel 易切削钢Free-Machining Steel 易切削钢Full Killed Steel 全镇静钢; 完全镇静钢; 镇静钢Full Stainless Steel Watch 全钢表Full-Hardened Steel 全淬硬钢Fully Hardening Steel 全硬淬透钢Fully Killed Steel 全脱氧钢Fully-Deoxidized Steel 全脱氧钢Furniture Of Steel 钢家具Furniture Of Steel And Wood 钢木家具Ga(U)Ge Steel 量具用钢Galvanized And Welded Steel Pipe 镀锌焊缝钢管Galvanized Corrugated Steel 镀锌瓦楞薄钢板; 镀锌瓦楞钢板Galvanized Mild Steel Animal Chain 镀锌动物链条Galvanized Mild Steel Countersunk Head Wood Screw 镀锌沉头木螺丝Galvanized Mild Steel Drive Screw 镀锌螺丝钉Galvanized Mild Steel Hexagonal Bolt And Nut 镀锌六角螺栓螺帽Galvanized Mild Steel Hexagonal Wire Netting 镀锌六角铁丝网Galvanized Mild Steel Link Chain 镀锌铁链条Galvanized Mild Steel Roofing Bolt And Nut 镀锌瓦楞螺栓螺帽Galvanized Mild Steel Roofing Screw 镀锌瓦楞螺丝Galvanized Mild Steel Round Head Machine Screw 镀锌圆头机器螺丝Galvanized Mild Steel Round Head Wood Screw 镀锌圆头木螺丝Galvanized Mild Steel Square Nut 镀锌四方螺丝帽Galvanized Round Stitching Steel Wire 镀锌订书圆钢丝Galvanized Steel 镀锌钢; 镀锌铁皮Galvanized Steel Corrugated Sheet 镀锌波纹钢板Galvanized Steel Pipe 镀锌钢管Galvanized Steel Plain Sheet 镀锌钢板; 镀锌平钢板Galvanized Steel Reinforcing Mesh 镀锌钢筋网Galvanized Steel Self Tapping Screw 镀锌自攻螺线Galvanized Steel Sheet 镀锌钢板; 镀锌钢皮Galvanized Steel Strip 镀锌钢带Galvanized Steel Tube 镀锌钢管Galvanized Steel Wash Boiler 镀锌钢洗衣煮锅Galvanized Steel Wire 镀锌钢丝Galvanized Steel Wire Netting 镀锌钢丝网Galvanized Steel Wire Rope 镀锌钢丝绳Galvanized Steel Wire Rope Clip 镀锌钢丝绳卡头Galvanized Steel Wire Strand 镀锌钢绞绳Gas Steel Pipe 煤气钢管Geiger Steel Analyzer 盖格X射线钢分析仪General Structural Steel 普通结构钢Geology Steel Tube 地质钢管Girder Steel 钢梁Glass Lined Steel (耐化学侵蚀的钢件) 搪玻璃钢件Glass Lined Steel Pipe 衬玻璃钢管Glass Steel Tile 玻璃钢瓦Glass Steel Tube 玻璃钢管Glass-Hard Steel 特硬钢Glass-Lined Steel 玻璃衬里钢Glass-Steel Reflector 玻璃钢反射器Glassed Steel 搪玻璃; 搪瓷钢GLX-W Steel 高强度半镇静钢Grade Of Steel 钢号Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel 取向性硅钢片Grain-Oriented Steel 晶粒取向钢Graphitic Steel 石墨钢; 石墨体钢Graphitizable Steel 石墨化钢Grip Between Concrete And Steel 钢筋混凝土握裹力Groove Steel 槽钢Grooved Spring Steel 带槽弹簧钢Ground Steel Wire 磨光钢丝Gun Steel 炮钢Guyed Steel Stack 牵索铁烟囱H Steel 宽缘工字钢Hadfield Manganese Steel 哈德菲尔德锰钢Hadfield Steel 哈德菲尔德高锰钢; 哈特非钢; 奥氏体高锰钢Hadifield Steel 高锰钢Half Spherical Steel Bobbin 半圆形钢质滚轮Half Steel 钢性生铁Half-Hard Steel 半硬钢Halvan Tool Steel 铬钒系工具钢Hammered Steel 锻钢Hand Drill Steel 手持式钢钎Hand Steel Snap 手用钢铆钉模Hard Alloy Steel 硬合金钢; 硬质合金钢Hard Steel 硬钢Hard-Drawn Steel Wire 硬拉钢丝Hardened And Tempered Steel 调质钢Hardened Steel 硬化钢; 淬火钢Hardened Steel Roller 淬火钢滚轮Hardened-Steel Bushing 淬火钢衬套Hardened-Steel Guideway 淬火钢导轨Hardened-Steel Tire 硬化钢环箍Hardening Of Steel 钢的硬化Harvey Steel 固体渗碳硬化钢Heat And Corrosion Resistant Steel 耐热防锈钢Heat Treatment Of Steel 钢的热处理Heat-Resistant Steel 耐热钢Heat-Resisting Alloy Steel 耐热合金钢Heat-Resisting Steel 耐热钢; 热强钢Heat-Treatable Steel 热处理钢Heat-Treated Steel 热处理钢Heat-Treated Steel Track 热处理钢履带Heavy Section Steel 大型型钢Heavy Steel Rolling Mill 大型轧钢厂Helical Steel Support 螺旋形井筒支架Hexagon Bar Steel 六角条钢Hexagonal Steel Bar 六角形钢筋Hi-Stren Steel 低合金高强度钢High Alloy Steel 高质合金钢High Angle Smooth Bottom Steel Bench Plane 高角平底钢刨High Boron Steel 高硼钢High Carbon Steel 高碳钢High Chrome Alloy Steel 高铬合金钢High Chrome Steel 高铬钢; 高铬钢High Chromium Steel 高铬钢High Frequency Steel Furnace 高频炼钢炉High Manganese Carbon Steel 高锰碳钢High Manganese Cast Steel 高锰铸钢High Manganese Stainless Steel 高锰不锈钢High Manganese Steel 高锰钢High Manganese Steel Casting 高锰钢铸件High Manganese Steel Frog 高锰钢辙叉High Manganese Steel Rail And Guard Rail 高锰钢辙叉及护轨High Nickel Steel 高镍钢; 高镍合金钢High Nickel-Chrome Steel 高镍铬钢High Pressure Stainless Steel Hose 高压不锈钢软管High Quality Steel 高级钢High Speed Steel Bit 高速钢钻头High Speed Steel Cutter 高速钢刀具High Speed Steel Ground Tap 高速钢磨削丝锥High Speed Steel Lathe Tool 高速钢车刀High Speed Steel Power Hacksaw Blade 高速钢机用锯条High Speed Steel Tool Bit 高速钢刀具High Speed Steel Turning Tool 高速钢车刀High Speed Steel Twist Drill 高速钢麻花钻High Speed Steel Wire 高速钢丝High Steel 高碳钢; 硬钢High Strength Alloy Steel Shackle 高强度合金钢锁扣High Strength Bevel Steel Washer 高强度钢斜垫圈High Strength Construction Steel 高强结构钢High Strength Hull Steel 高强度船体结构钢High Strength Low Alloy Steel 高强度低合金钢; 低合金高强度钢High Strength Plain Steel Washer 高强度平钢垫圈High Strength Steel 高强度钢材High Strength Steel Bar 高强钢筋High Strength Steel Plate 高强钢板High Strength Steel Washer 高强度钢垫圈High Strength Structural Steel 高强度结构钢High Tensile Deformed Steel Bar 高拉力异形钢筋High Tensile Reinforing Steel 高强钢筋High Tensile Steel 高强度钢; 高级钢High Tensile Steel Plate 高强钢板High Tensile Steel Tube 高强度钢管High Tensile Steel Wire 高强钢丝High Tensile Thin Steel Plate 高强薄钢板High Yield Stress Steel 高屈服强度钢High-Alloy Steel 高合金钢High-Alloy Steel Vessel 高合金钢容器High-Carbon Alloy Steel 高碳合金钢High-Carbon Chromium Steel 高碳铬钢High-Carbon High-Tensile Steel 高碳高张力钢High-Carbon High-Tensile Steel Wire 高碳高张力钢线High-Carbon Steel 高碳钢High-Carbon Steel Heat Treated 热处理过的高碳钢High-Chromium Stainless Steel 高铬不锈钢High-Creep Strength Steel 高蠕变强度钢High-Ductility Steel 高韧性钢; 高塑性钢High-Duty Steel 高强度钢High-Elastic Limit Steel 高弹性极限钢; 高弹性限度钢High-Frequency Electric Welded Steel Pipe 高频电焊钢管High-Frequency Transformer Silicon Steel Sheet 高频变压器硅钢片High-Grade Alloy Steel 高级合金钢High-Grade Alloy Structure Steel 高级合金结构; 高级合金结构钢High-Grade Carbon Steel 高级碳素钢High-Grade Steel 高级钢High-Quality Nickel Steel Tube 高级镍钢管High-Quality Steel 高质量钢; 优质钢High-Speed Steel 高速钢; 高速工具钢High-Speed Steel Bit 高速钢车刀High-Speed Steel Drill 高速钢钻头High-Speed Steel End Mill 高速钢端铣刀High-Speed Steel Geared Tap 高速钢磨牙丝锥High-Speed Steel Ingot 高速钢锭High-Speed Steel Lathe Tool 白钢车刀High-Speed Steel Tool 高速钢刀具High-Speed Tool Steel 高速工具钢; 高工钢High-Strength Bevel Steel Washer 高强度斜垫圈High-Strength Cast Steel 高速铸铁High-Strength Low Alloy Steel 高强低合金钢High-Strength Low-Allow Steel 高强度耐低温钢High-Strength Plain Steel Washer 高强度平垫圈High-Strength Quality Steel Wire 高强优质钢丝High-Strength Steel 高强度钢High-Strength Steel Electrode 高强度钢焊条High-Strength Steel Washer 高强度垫圈High-Sulfur Steel 高硫钢High-Temper Steel 高温回火钢High-Temperature Steel 耐高温钢High-Tensile Steel 高强度钢; 高强钢High-Tensile Steel Bar 高强度钢筋High-Tensile Steel Bars 高强度粗钢筋High-Tensile Steel Reinforcement Bar Fixture 高强钢筋夹具High-Tensile Steel Wires 高强度钢丝High-Tensile Structural Steel 高强度结构钢High-Vanadium Steel 高矾钢; 高钒钢High-Yield Strength Steel 高屈服点钢; 高屈服强度钢Highyield Low-Alloy Steel 高强度低合金钢Hoe Steel 中耕机锄铲Hole Steel Propeller 钢制空心螺旋桨Hollow Drill Steel 中空钻探钢Hollow Square Steel 空心方钢Hollow Steel 空心钢; 中空钢Hollow Steel Propeller 中空钢制螺旋桨Hollow Steel Rim 空心轮辋Hollow Steel Roller 空心钢辊Hollow Steel Section 薄壁型钢Hollow Steel Spoke Wheel 空心钢辐轮Hollow-Drill Steel 空心钻杆Homogeneous Steel 均质钢; 均质钢Homogeneous Steel Plate 均质钢板; 均质钢板Honda Steel 本多磁钢Hoop Steel 箍钢带Hot Die Steel 热锻模钢; 热作模具钢Hot Work Tool Steel 热镀模具钢; 热锻模具钢Hot-Die Steel 热变形模具钢; 高温模具钢Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Wire 热镀锌钢丝Hot-Dipped Galvanized Sheet Steel 热浴镀锌薄板钢材Hot-Rolled Mild Steel 热轧软钢Hot-Rolled Sheet Steel 热轧钢板Hot-Rolled Sillcon Steel Sheet 热轧硅钢板Hot-Rolled Steel 热轧钢Hot-Rolled Steel Bar 热轧钢筋Hot-Rolled Steel Channel 热轧槽钢Hot-Rolled Steel Joist 热轧钢龙骨Hot-Rolled Steel Section 热轧型钢Hot-Working Die Steel 热锻模钢Hubbing Steel 冲模钢Hull Steel 船用钢; 造船钢Hy-Tuf Steel 海图夫低合金高强度钢Hydra Steel 海德拉热模具钢Hydraulic Steel Holder 液压持纤器Hydraulic Steel Support 液压钢支架Hynack Steel Plate 海纳克护膜耐蚀钢板Hypereutectoid Steel 过共析钢; 超共析钢Hypoeutectoid Steel 亚共析钢Hysteresis Steel 磁滞钢I-Section Steel Pile 工字型钢桩I-Steel 工字形钢; 窄边工字钢I-Steel Pile 工字型钢桩Inclusion In Steel 钢内夹杂Indented Steel Wire 齿纹钢丝Industrial Steel Window 工业厂房钢窗Ingot Steel 钢锭; 锭钢Inland Steel (美国) 内陆钢铁公司Instrument For Measuring Oxygen In Molten Steel 钢液定氧仪Integral (Drill) Steel 整体钢钎Integral Steel 整体钢钎Integrated Iron And Steel Works 综合性钢铁厂Intermediate Grade Steel 中级钢Internal Fixation With Steel Plate 钢板内固定术Invar Steel 殷钢Iron And Steel Base 钢铁基地Iron And Steel Casting 钢铁铸件Iron And Steel Company 钢铁公司Iron And Steel Industry 钢铁工业Iron And Steel Manufacture 钢铁制造Iron And Steel Material Shaped 钢铁型材Iron And Steel Plant 钢铁厂Iron And Steel Scrap 废钢铁Iron And Steel Sheet And Plate 钢铁板材Iron And Steel Sheet Piling 铁及钢板桩法凿井Iron And Steel Wire 钢铁丝材Iron And Steel Works 钢铁厂Iron-And-Steel Furnace 黑色金属冶金炉Irreversible Steel 不可逆钢Joist Steel 梁钢Joy Extensible Steel Band 乔伊可伸缩式钢带运输机Jumper Steel 钻杆钢; 长凿钢Jute-Covered Steel Pipe 包黄麻钢管Killed Carbon Steel (KCS) 镇静碳钢Killed Steel 镇静钢Killed Steel (去氧钢) 脱氧钢Krupp Austenite Steel 奥氏体铬镍合金钢Krupp Triple Steel 克鲁普铬钼钒高速钢L.P.N. Steel 低氮碱性底吹转炉钢Lacquer-Coated Steel Sheet 涂漆薄钢板Lead Bearing Steel 含铅钢Lead Treated Steel 含铅易切削钢Lead-Coated Steel Plate 镀铅钢板Lead-Sheathed Steel-Taped 铅包钢带Leaded Low-Phosphorus Steel 含铅低磷钢Lean Alloy Steel 低合金钢Ledloy Free Cutting Steel 加铅易切削钢Light Channed Steel 轻型槽钢Light Gauge Steel 轻量型钢Light Weight Steel Shape 轻型钢材Light-Gauge Steel Section 薄壁型钢Light-Weight Angle Steel 轻型角钢Lightgage Steel Joist 轻钢龙骨Lightweight Steel Construction 轻钢结构Lightweight Steel Shape 冷弯型钢Lip Hat Section Steel 带缘帽型钢Lip Z Steel 带缘Z型钢Liquid Steel 钢水Liquid-Compressed Steel 液态挤压钢; 加压凝固钢Little Bessemer Steel 小型酸性转炉钢Lock Bar Steel Pipe 箍锚钢管Locking Steel Wire 锁紧钢丝Long Steel Tape 钢卷尺Long Steel Wire Saw 长钢丝锯Long-Span Steel Framing 大跨钢构架Low Alloy Steel 低合金钢Low Alloy Steel High Side Wagon 低合金钢敞车Low Alloy Steel Plate 低合金钢板Low Alloy Tool Steel 低合金工具钢Low Alloyed Steel 低合金钢Low Carbon Steel 低碳钢Low Carbon Steel Electrode 低碳钢焊条Low Carbon Steel Pipe 低碳钢管Low Carbon Steel Welding Electrode 低碳钢电焊条Low Hysteresis Steel 低磁滞钢; 低磁滞硅钢Low Machinability Steel 难切削钢Low Manganess Steel 低锰钢Low Pressure Stainless Steel Hose 低压不锈钢软管Low Steel 低碳钢Low Steel Proportion 低含钢率Low Temperature Steel Electrode 低温钢焊条Low Tungsten High Speed Steel 低钨高速钢Low-Alloy High-Strength Steel 低合金高强度钢Low-Alloy High-Tensile Structural Steel 低合金高强度结构钢Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc Welding Electrode 低合金钢焊条Low-Alloy Threading Steel 低合金螺纹钢Low-Alloy Tool Steel 低合金工具钢Low-Angle Smooth Bottom Steel Bench Plane 低角平底钢刨Low-Carbon Cast Steel 低碳铸钢Low-Carbon Steel 低碳钢Low-Chrome Steel 低铬钢Low-Ductility Steel 低塑性钢Low-Expansion Steel 低膨胀钢Low-Temperature (Low Temperature) Steel 低温钢Lowalloy Structural Steel 低合金钢Machine Steel 机件钢; 机器钢Machinery Steel 机器钢Magnaflux Steel 航空用高强度钢Magnet Steel 磁钢Magnetic Steel 磁钢; 磁性钢Magnetic Steel Detector 钢筋磁性检测仪Magnetically Soft Steel 软磁钢Main Reinforcing Steel 主钢筋Major-Orthotropic Steel-Plate Bridge 主正交各向异性钢板桥Malleable Mild Steel 韧性低碳钢; 韧性软钢Malleable Steel 展性钢; 软钢; 韧性钢Man-Ten Steel 低合金高强度钢Manganese Silicon Spring Steel 锰硅弹簧钢Manganese Silicon Steel 锰硅钢Manganese Silicon Tool Steel 锰硅工具钢Manganese Spring Steel 锰弹簧钢Manganese Steel 锰钢; 哈德菲尔德锰钢Manganese Tool Steel 锰工具钢Manganese Vanadium Steel 锰钒钢Manganese Vanadium Tool Steel 锰矾工具钢; 锰钒工具钢Manufacture Of Iron And Steel By Melting 钢铁熔炼Maraging Steel 马氏体时效钢Marconi Steel Tape Recorder 马可尼磁带录音机Martensite Steel 马登斯体钢; 马氏体钢Martensitic Stain Less Steel 马氏体不锈钢Martensitic Steel 马氏体钢Martensitic Steel 马氏永磁体Martin Steel 平炉钢; 马丁钢Martinel Steel 马蒂内尔结构钢; 硅锰钢; 硅锰结构钢Mattress Netting Steel Wire 钢丝床用钢丝Measuring Case Depth For Steel 钢表层硬化深度测定法; 钢的表层硬化深度测定法Mechanically Capped Steel 机械封顶钢Medium Alloy Steel 中合金钢Medium Carbon Steel 中碳钢Medium Hard Steel 中等硬度钢; 中硬钢; 在硬钢Medium Manganese Steel 中锰钢Medium Steel (MS) 中碳钢Medium Temper Steel 中等回火钢Medium Width Steel Strip 中等宽度带钢Medium-Hard Steel 中硬钢Merchant Steel 商品钢; 商品条钢; 条钢Mercury-In-Steel Thermometer 钢管水银温度计; 钢壳水银温度计Mild Carbon Steel 低碳钢Mild Carbon Steel Strip 低碳带钢Mild Sheet Steel 软钢板Mild Steel 软钢; 低碳钢Mild Steel Arc Welding Electrode 低碳钢焊条Mild Steel Channel 槽钢Mild Steel Checkered Plate 花纹钢板Mild Steel Equal Angle 等边角钢Mild Steel Expanded Sheets 钢板网Mild Steel Fire Box 软钢板火箱Mild Steel Hexagonal Bolts 六角螺丝梗Mild Steel Hexagonal Bolts And Nuts 六角螺丝闩Mild Steel I-Beam 低碳工字钢Mild Steel Ingot 低碳钢锭Mild Steel Plate 软钢板Mild Steel Reinforcement (含钢量0.12--0.25%) 软钢钢筋Mild Steel Shank 软钢手柄Mild Steel Sheet 软钢皮Mild Steel Welding Rod 低碳钢焊丝Mild Steel Wire 低碳钢丝Mild-Carbon Steel Strip 低碳带钢; 低碳钢带Mild-Steel Domestic Boiler 软钢家用锅炉Mild-Steel Sheet 低碳钢薄板Mini Steel Plant 小型钢铁厂Mishima Magnet Steel 铝镍强磁钢Mold Steel 型模钢Molten Steel 钢水; 钢液Molybdenum High Speed Steel 钼高速钢Molybdenum Steel 钼钢Molybdenum-Chrome Steel 钼铬钢Molybdenum-Vanadium Steel 钼钒钢Monoblock Drill Steel 整体钎子Moulded Steel 模铸钢Mushet('S) Steel 马歇特钨钢Natural Steel 天然钢; 初生硬度钢Needle Steel 针状组织钢Needle(D) Steel 加硼硬化亚共析钢Neutral Steel 中性钢Nichrome Steel 镍铬耐热钢Nickel Alloy Steel 镍合金钢Nickel Cast Steel 含镍铸钢Nickel Chromium Manganese Steel 镍铬锰钢Nickel Steel 镍钢Nickel Steel Gas Welding Rod 镍钢气焊条Nickel Steel Wire 镍钢线Nickel-Chrome Alloy Steel 镍铬合金钢Nickel-Chrome Steel 镍铬钢Nickel-Chromium Steel 镍铬钢Nickel-Clad Steel Plate 包镍钢板; 镀镍钢板Nickel-Manganese Cast Steel 镍-锰铸钢; 镍锰铸钢Nickel-Molybdenum Steel 镍钼钢Nickel-Plated Mild Steel Round Head Machine Screw 镀镍低碳钢圆头机器螺丝Nickel-Plated Mild Steel Round Head Wood Screw 镀镍低碳钢圆头木螺丝Nickel-Plated Steel Self Tapping Screw 镀镍钢制自攻螺丝Nickel-Plated Steel Wire 镀镍钢丝Nickel-Vanadium Steel 镍-钒钢; 镍钒钢Nickeled Steel Plate 镀镍钢板Nitrated Steel 氮化钢Nitrided Steel 渗氮钢Nitriding Steel 氮化钢; 氮化钢Non-Aging Steel 无时效钢Non-Corrosive Steel 不锈钢Non-Deforming Steel 不变形钢Non-Expansion Steel 不膨胀钢Non-Magnetic Steel 非磁性钢Non-Oriented Electrical Steel 无取向电工钢Non-Oriented Silicon Steel 无方向性硅钢片Non-Oriented Silicon Steel Sheet 不定向硅钢板Non-Piping Steel 无缩孔钢Non-Rust Steel 不锈钢Non-Scaling Steel 不起皮钢Non-Shrinkage Steel 无变形钢Non-Shrinking Steel 抗变形钢Non-Sulfurized Carbon Steel 非硫化处理的碳钢Non-Weldable Steel 不可焊接的钢Nondeforming Tool Steel 不变形工具钢Nonmagnetic Steel 无磁性钢Normal Steel 正常钢; 正常结构钢Normal Steel Casting 普通铸钢Normalized And Tempered Steel 正火及回火钢Normalized Steel 正火钢Not Heat-Treated Steel Wire 非热处理的钢丝Notch Ductile Steel 耐冲击钢Oce Steel 无渗碳体钢Octagon Steel Bar 八角钢条Octagonal Bar Steel 八角型钢。

国外工程 - Bolting and Welding(2008.06.12)

The most common sizes are 3/4”, 7/8”, and 1” High-strength bolts are commonly available in incremental lengths up to 8” (AISC)
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Note that the ASTM designation is indicated on the head of the bolts above
Common Bolt Sizes
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• •
A325 and A490 bolts are available in diameters ranging from 1/2” to 1-1/2”
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Structural Bolting
(AISC & NISD 2000)
• •
There are many bolt types, installation methods, and joint types used in structural steel construction When left exposed, bolts may be used to make an architectural expression (Green, Sputo, and Veltri)
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Structural Bolting
Per the Occupational Safety & Health Administration Standard 1926.754(b)(2), “At no time shall there be more than four floors or 48 feet (14.6 m), whichever is less, of unfinished bolting or welding above the foundation or uppermost permanently secured floor, except where the structural integrity is maintained as a result of the design.”

薄板钢骨建筑体系技术规范

编号：QBH— 1 —2003备案号：JQB—016--2004薄板钢骨建筑体系技术规程Technical Specification for Steel-Framed Building System with Light-gauge Steel Shapes主编单位：北新房屋有限公司批准日期：2003年12月27日施行日期：2004年2月18日2004 北京前言薄板钢骨建筑体系技术的核心源自日本薄板轻量型钢结构技术。

日本薄板轻量型钢结构技术于公元2001年11月15日得到日本国土交通省的正式批准，作为完善的薄板轻量型钢结构技术体系在全日本推广实施。

（国土交通省2001年告示第1641号“薄板轻量型钢结构建筑物或建筑物结构部分的结构方法相关的安全方面必要的技术标准的规定等事宜”）目前在日本，北美等国薄板钢骨住宅正以逐年较大的增长势头迅速占领住宅市场，其居住性能的优良，产品质量的优秀被越来越多的人们所认可。

全面建设小康社会的中国正大力实施科教兴国和可持续发展战略。

十六届三中全会要求，坚持以人为本，树立全面、协调、可持续的发展观，促进经济社会和人的全面发展。

贯彻落实这些要求，在住宅建设领域就是要大力推进住宅产业现代化。

推进住宅产业现代化，坚持走科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少、人力资源优势得到充分发挥的新型工业化道路，是世界各国共同的发展趋势，是住宅建设先进生产力的发展方向，是提高住宅产业劳动生产率的根本途径，是增加住宅有效供给、满足居民住房需求、促进住宅建设持续健康发展的重要条件，是合理利用资源和保护资源、走可持续发展战略的具体体现。

薄板钢骨建筑体系正是符合产业现代化发展方向的完整建筑体系。

薄板钢骨建筑具有：优质、安全、耐久、舒适、节能、美观、空间灵活、工期短、高性价比、绿色环保和多技术集成等特点，能较大地提高面积使用率，大大减少在不良地基条件下地基处理的资金投入。

我们对该技术进行了充分研究、论证并结合中国相关规范作了大量的试验，取得了相关数据，按照中国标准编制规定的要求去编写了这本规程。

外贸英语钢材词汇

外贸英语钢材词汇ARSteel高温度锰钢AbnormalSteel反常钢;非正常钢Acid-ResistantSteel耐酸钢Acid-ResistingSteel耐酸钢AdamantSteel特硬钢AgeHardeningStainlessSteel时效硬化不锈钢AgingSteel时效钢All-SteelAlloy-SteelPipeClamp合金钢制管卡Alloy-SteelPlate合金钢板Alloy-SteelSheet合金钢片Alloy-SteelStrip合金钢带Alloy-SteelTube合金钢管Alloy-SteelWire合金钢丝AlloyedSteel合金钢AlloyedSteelBit合金钢车刀AlloyedSteelRoll合金钢轧辊AlloyedSteelStrip合金钢带AlloyedToolSteel合金工具钢AltoSteel加铝镇静钢AlumetizedSteel涂铝钢;渗铝钢Alumin(I)UmSteel铝钢AluminiumCableSteelReinforced钢芯铝电缆;钢芯铝绞线;钢芯增强铝线AluminiumChromeSteel铝铬钢AluminiumCoatedSteel镀铝钢AluminiumConductorSteelReinforced钢芯铝绞线AluminiumPlatedSteelWire镀铝钢丝AluminiumSteelCable钢芯铝电缆ArmcoSteel阿姆柯软钢ArmcoSteel不硬化钢AustenilicNi-CrStainlessSteel奥氏体镍铬不锈钢AusteniticAlloySteel奥氏体合金钢AusteniticChromium-NickelSteel奥氏体铬-镍钢AusteniticCladSteel奥氏体复合钢AusteniticHeat-ResistanceSteel奥氏体耐热钢AusteniticManganeseSteel奥氏体锰钢;哈德菲尔德锰钢AusteniticStainlessSteel奥氏体不锈钢AusteniticSteel奥氏体钢AutomaticSteel易切削钢Automatic(Al)Steel易切削钢AxleShaftSteel车轴钢AxleSteel车轴钢BainiticSteel贝氏体钢BalancedSteel半镇静钢BallBearingSteelStrip滚珠轴承钢带BallRaceSteel滚珠轴承圈钢Ball-BearingSteel滚珠轴承钢BambooSteel竹节钢筋BandSteelBarSteelBentSteelBilletSteelBinarySteel二元合金钢BlackMildSteelCarriageBoltAndNut黑铁马车螺丝闩BlackMildSteelFishBoltAndNut黑铁鱼尾螺丝闩BlackMildSteelFlatHeadRivet黑铁扁头铆钉BlackMildSteelFlatHeadTinmenRivet黑铁号头铆钉BlackMildSteelHexagonalNut黑铁六角螺丝帽BlackMildSteelPanHeadRivet黑铁锥头铆钉BlackMildSteelRoundHeadRivet黑铁圆头铆钉BlackMildSteelSquareNut黑铁四方螺丝帽BlackSteelPipe黑钢板BlackSteelSheet黑钢皮BlackTinSteel黑钢板BlisterSteel泡钢;泡面钢AbnormalStructureSteel反常组织钢Abrasion-ResistantSteel耐磨钢BlueSteel蓝钢BluingOfSteel钢加蓝BoilerSteel锅炉钢;锅炉钢板BoilerSteelPlate锅炉钢板BoilingSteel沸腾钢BoronSteelBristolSteelBeltLacing布瑞斯涛钢带接头BronzeSteel镀青铜钢BuildingOfSteelFrameConstruction钢框架房屋BulbSteel球扁钢Bulb-RailSteel球头丁字钢BurnedSteel过烧钢CalorizedSteel涂铝钢;渗化钢CalorizingSteel铝化钢CappedSteel加盖钢;半镇静钢CarbonAndLow-AlloySteelVessels碳钢及低合金钢容器CarbonContentOfSteel钢含碳量CarbonMolybdenumSteel钼碳钢CarbonSteel碳钢;碳素钢CarbonSteelCoveredElectrode碳钢焊条CarbonSteelPlate碳素钢板;碳素钢板和型材CarbonToolSteel碳工具钢;碳素工具钢Carbon-ContainingAlloySteel含碳合金钢Carbon-FreeStainlessSteel无碳不锈钢Carbon-FreeSteel无碳钢CarburizingSteel碳钢CastSteelCast-SteelCentraSteel球状石墨铸钢CentrifugalSteel离心铸钢Centrifuge(D)Steel离心铸造钢ChannelSteel槽钢Channel-SectionSteel槽形钢Channeled-SteelWheelRim槽钢制轮辋CheckeredSteelPlate花纹钢板ChemicalCappedSteel化学封顶钢ChilledCastSteel冷硬铸钢ChilledHardenedSteel淬火钢ChilledSteel淬火钢;淬硬钢ChiselSteel凿钢;凿子钢ChromeHardenedSteel铬硬化钢ChromeSteel铬钢Chrome-CarbonSteel铬碳钢Chrome-ManganeseNitrogenSteel铬锰氮钢Chrome-Manganese-SiliconAlloySteel铬锰硅合金钢Chrome-MolybdenumSteel铬钼钢Chrome-NickelSteel铬镍钢Chrome-PlatedSteelNozzle镀铬钢喷管CladSteelCladdingSteelSheet复合钢板CleanSteel纯净钢;洁净钢ClosedDieSteel闭锻模钢Coarse-GrainedSteel粗晶粒钢CoatedSteel镀层钢板CoatingSteelPipe镀锌钢管CobaltHighSpeedSteel钴高速钢Cobalt-ChromiumSteel钴铬钢CoiledSteel成卷带钢ColdForgingSteel冷锻钢ColdReducedSteel马口铁卷板ColdRolledRibbedSteelBar冷轧竹节钢筋ColdRolledSheetSteel冷轧薄钢板ColdTwistedSteelBar冷扭钢筋Cold-BandedSteelPipe冷箍钢管Cold-DrawnSteel冷拔钢;冷拉钢Cold-DrawnSteelPipe冷拉钢管Cold-DrawnSteelTube冷拉钢管Cold-FinishedSteel冷加工精整钢Cold-SteelComminutedSteelShot钢粉CommonStraightCarbonSteel普通碳素钢ComplexAlloySteel多元合金钢;合金钢ComplexSteel多元合金钢;合金钢CompositeIronAndSteel包钢铁CompositeSteel复层钢;复合钢;多层钢;双层钢CompositeSteelBridge复合钢桥CompositeSteelConcreteColumn劲性混凝土柱CompoundSteel三层钢CompressedAsbestosFibreOintingWithSteelWire进排气夹金属丝网橡胶石棉板ConcreteSteel钢筋钢;劲性钢筋Concrete-ReinforcingSteel混凝土加固用钢筋Cast-InSteelPipe铸入钢管ConstructionSteel构造钢Construction(Al)Steel结构钢;建筑钢ConstructionalAlloySteel合金结构钢ConstructionalSteel构造钢ConstructionalSteelBar构造钢筋ConverterSteel转炉钢CoredSteel中空钢CorrosionOfSteel钢材腐蚀CorrosionResistantSteel抗腐蚀钢CorrosionResistingSteel耐蚀钢CorrugateSteel竹节钢筋CorrugatedRoofSteel瓦楞屋面钢板;波纹屋面钢CorrugatedSheetSteel波形钢板CorrugatedSquareSteelBar方竹节钢条CorrugatedSteel波纹钢;波纹钢板CorrugatedSteelSheet瓦垅钢板Creep-ResistantSteel耐蠕变钢CrucibleCastSteel(用坩埚炼制的高级铸钢)坩埚钢CrucibleSteel坩埚钢Crucible-CastSteel坩埚铸钢CrudeSteel粗钢CrushedSteel碎钢粉CryogenicSteel低温用钢CultivatorSteel中耕机锄铲;耕耘机锄铲CupricCementedSteel渗铜钢CutleryStainlessSteel刀具用不锈钢DeadSteelDeformedSteelBar周期断面钢材DeformedSteelBars螺纹钢DegasifiedSteel除气钢DeoxidizedSteel脱氧钢DepositSteel熔敷钢DerrickTypeSteelTapes架式钢卷尺DesignOfSteelStructure钢结构设计DiaphragmSteel(含34％Si)电话薄膜钢DieSteel模具钢DirectSteelProcess直接炼钢法;一步炼钢法DirectionalSiliconSteel各向异性硅钢DirectionalSiliconSteelStrip各向异性硅钢片DirtySteel不洁钢DistributedSteel配筋DistributionSteel分布钢筋DoorLockWithStainlessSteelKnob不锈钢球型房门锁DoublePeriodSectionSteel复合周期断面钢材Double-AlloySteel二元合金钢DowelSteel传力杆;合缝钢条DrawingSteel冷拉钢DrillSteelDrySteelDucolSteelElectricSteelFurnace电炉钢炉;电气炼钢炉ElectricSteelHeat电炉钢熔炼ElectricSteelMakingProcess电炉炼钢操作法ElectricWeldedSteelPipe电焊钢管Electric(Al)Steel电工钢Electric-Resistance-WeldedSteelPipe电阻焊钢管ElectricalSteel电炉钢ElectricalSteelSheet电工硅钢片Electro-GalvanisedSteel-CladFireDoor电镀钢包防火门Electro-GalvanizedSteelWire电镀锌钢丝ElectrolessNickelPlatedSteel化学镀镍钢;无电镀镍钢ElectrosmeltingOfSteel电炉炼钢EmbeddedSteel埋置钢筋EnSteel(英国标准)工程用低碳钢EnamelledPressedSteel搪瓷钢板EnamellingSheetSteel钢板搪瓷End-BearingSteelH-Pile端部承载的工字钢桩EqualAngleSteel等边角钢DullSteelSheet不光亮的钢板Extra-Low-CarbonStainLessSteel超低碳不锈钢EffervescencedSteel沸腾钢FabricatedSteel结构钢FabricatedSteelBody装配式钢体FastMolten-SteelTemperatureGauge钢液快速测温仪EquilateralAngleSteel等边角钢ExtremeLowCarbonSteel超低碳钢FerriticStainlessSteel铁素体不锈钢FerriticSteelVessel铁素体钢容器Ferro-Aluminium-ManganeseSteel铁铝锰钢FerrovanadiumSteel钒钢FerriteSteel铁素体钢FerriticSteel铁素体钢ErectionOfSteelWork钢架装置FiguredSteel异形钢FierySteel过烧钢FinishedSteel成品钢;精制钢FinishingSteel最后的钻杆FireResistanceSteelDoor钢质防火门FineSteelFlatSteelFileSteelFlatThreadedSteel扁螺纹钢Flat-BulbSteel球扁钢Flat-RolledSteel扁钢FlexSteelTape钢卷尺FlexibleDrillSteel挠性钢钎FlexibleFlatDrillSteel挠性扁钢钎FlexibleRibbonSteel挠性带状钢钎FlexibleStainless-SteelBellows挠性不锈钢密封盒FlexibleSteel挠性钢钎FlexibleSteelInFlatSection挠性扁钢钎Fluid-CompressedSteel液体压缩钢FoldingSteelChair钢折椅FixedSteelWindowShutter固定钢百叶窗ForgedSteelMagnet锻造钢磁铁ForgedSteelRollsForHotRolling锻钢热轧辊ForgingQualitySteel锻造用钢胚ForgingSteel锻钢ForgingSteelValve锻钢阀FormedSteelBase型钢底座GalvanizedAndWeldedSteelPipe镀锌焊缝钢管GalvanizedCorrugatedSteel镀锌瓦楞薄钢板;镀锌瓦楞钢板GalvanizedMildSteelAnimalChain镀锌动物链条GalvanizedMildSteelCountersunkHeadWoodScrew镀锌沉头木螺丝GalvanizedMildSteelDriveScrew镀锌螺丝钉GalvanizedMildSteelHexagonalBoltAndNut镀锌六角螺栓螺帽GalvanizedMildSteelHexagonalWireNetting镀锌六角铁丝网GalvanizedMildSteelLinkChain镀锌铁链条GalvanizedMildSteelRoofingBoltAndNut镀锌瓦楞螺栓螺帽GalvanizedMildSteelRoofingScrew镀锌瓦楞螺丝GalvanizedMildSteelRoundHeadMachineScrew镀锌圆头机器螺丝GalvanizedMildSteelRoundHeadWoodScrew镀锌圆头木螺丝GalvanizedMildSteelSquareNut镀锌四方螺丝帽GalvanizedRoundStitchingSteelWire镀锌订书圆钢丝GalvanizedSteel镀锌钢;镀锌铁皮GalvanizedSteelCorrugatedSheet镀锌波纹钢板GalvanizedSteelPipe镀锌钢管GalvanizedSteelPlainSheet镀锌钢板;镀锌平钢板GalvanizedSteelReinforcingMesh镀锌钢筋网GirderSteelGlass-HardSteel特硬钢Glass-LinedSteel玻璃衬里钢Glass-SteelReflector玻璃钢反射器GlassedSteel搪玻璃;搪瓷钢GLX-WSteel高强度半镇静钢GradeOfSteel钢号Grain-OrientedElectricalSteel取向性硅钢片Grain-OrientedSteel晶粒取向钢GraphiticSteel石墨钢;石墨体钢GraphitizableSteel石墨化钢GripBetweenConcreteAndSteel钢筋混凝土握裹力GrooveSteel槽钢GroovedSpringSteel带槽弹簧钢GroundSteelWire磨光钢丝GunSteel炮钢GuyedSteelStack牵索铁烟囱HSteel宽缘工字钢HadfieldManganeseSteel哈德菲尔德锰钢HadfieldSteel哈德菲尔德高锰钢;哈特非钢;奥氏体高锰钢HalfSteelHardSteelHeatTreatmentOfSteel钢的热处理Heat-ResistantSteel耐热钢Heat-ResistingAlloySteel耐热合金钢Heat-ResistingSteel耐热钢;热强钢Heat-TreatableSteel热处理钢Heat-TreatedSteel热处理钢Heat-TreatedSteelTrack热处理钢履带HeavySectionSteel大型型钢HeavySteelRollingMill大型轧钢厂HelicalSteelSupport螺旋形井筒支架HexagonBarSteel六角条钢HexagonalSteelBar六角形钢筋Hi-StrenSteel低合金高强度钢HighAlloySteel高质合金钢HighAngleSmoothBottomSteelBenchPlane高角平底钢刨HighBoronSteel高硼钢HighCarbonSteel高碳钢HighChromeAlloySteel高铬合金钢HighChromeSteel高铬钢;高铬钢HighChromiumSteel高铬钢HighSpeedSteelWire高速钢丝HighSteel高碳钢;硬钢HighStrengthAlloySteelShackle高强度合金钢锁扣HighStrengthBevelSteelWasher高强度钢斜垫圈HighStrengthConstructionSteel高强结构钢HighStrengthHullSteel高强度船体结构钢HighStrengthLowAlloySteel高强度低合金钢;低合金高强度钢HighStrengthPlainSteelWasher高强度平钢垫圈HighStrengthSteel高强度钢材HighStrengthSteelBar高强钢筋HighStrengthSteelPlate高强钢板HighStrengthSteelWasher高强度钢垫圈HighStrengthStructuralSteel高强度结构钢HighTensileDeformedSteelBar高拉力异形钢筋HighTensileReinforingSteel高强钢筋HighTensileSteel高强度钢;高级钢HighTensileSteelPlate高强钢板HighTensileSteelTube高强度钢管HighTensileSteelWire高强钢丝HighTensileThinSteelPlate高强薄钢板High-QualityNickelSteelTube高级镍钢管High-QualitySteel高质量钢;优质钢High-SpeedSteel高速钢;高速工具钢High-SpeedSteelBit高速钢车刀High-SpeedSteelDrill高速钢钻头High-SpeedSteelEndMill高速钢端铣刀High-SpeedSteelGearedTap高速钢磨牙丝锥High-SpeedSteelIngot高速钢锭High-SpeedSteelLatheTool白钢车刀High-SpeedSteelTool高速钢刀具High-SpeedToolSteel高速工具钢;高工钢High-StrengthBevelSteelWasher高强度斜垫圈High-StrengthCastSteel高速铸铁High-StrengthLowAlloySteel高强低合金钢High-StrengthLow-AllowSteel高强度耐低温钢High-StrengthPlainSteelWasher高强度平垫圈High-StrengthQualitySteelWire高强优质钢丝High-StrengthSteel高强度钢High-StrengthSteelElectrode高强度钢焊条High-StrengthSteelWasher高强度垫圈HoeSteelHollowSteelSection薄壁型钢HollowSteelSpokeWheel空心钢辐轮Hollow-DrillSteel空心钻杆HomogeneousSteel均质钢;均质钢HomogeneousSteelPlate均质钢板;均质钢板HondaSteel本多磁钢HoopSteel箍钢带HotDieSteel热锻模钢;热作模具钢HotWorkToolSteel热镀模具钢;热锻模具钢Hot-DieSteel热变形模具钢;高温模具钢Hot-DipGalvanizedSteelWire热镀锌钢丝Hot-DippedGalvanizedSheetSteel热浴镀锌薄板钢材Hot-RolledMildSteel热轧软钢Hot-RolledSheetSteel热轧钢板Hot-RolledSillconSteelSheet热轧硅钢板Hot-RolledSteel热轧钢Hot-RolledSteelBar热轧钢筋Hot-RolledSteelChannel热轧槽钢Hot-RolledSteelJoist热轧钢龙骨Hot-RolledSteelSection热轧型钢HullSteelHydraSteelI-SteelI-SteelPileIngotSteelIntegral(Drill)Steel整体钢钎IntegralSteel整体钢钎IntegratedIronAndSteelWorks综合性钢铁厂IntermediateGradeSteel中级钢InternalFixationWithSteelPlate钢板内固定术InvarSteel殷钢IronAndSteelBase钢铁基地IronAndSteelCasting钢铁铸件IronAndSteelCompany钢铁公司IronAndSteelIndustry钢铁工业IronAndSteelManufacture钢铁制造IronAndSteelMaterialShaped钢铁型材IronAndSteelPlant钢铁厂IronAndSteelScrap废钢铁IronAndSteelSheetAndPlate钢铁板材IronAndSteelSheetPiling铁及钢板桩法凿井IronAndSteelWire钢铁丝材IronAndSteelWorks钢铁厂Iron-And-SteelFurnace黑色金属冶金炉IrreversibleSteel不可逆钢JoistSteelKilledSteelKilledSteel(Light-GaugeSteelSection薄壁型钢Light-WeightAngleSteel轻型角钢LightgageSteelJoist轻钢龙骨LightweightSteelConstruction轻钢结构LightweightSteelShape冷弯型钢LipHatSectionSteel带缘帽型钢LipZSteel带缘Z型钢LiquidSteel钢水Liquid-CompressedSteel液态挤压钢;加压凝固钢LittleBessemerSteel小型酸性转炉钢LockBarSteelPipe箍锚钢管LockingSteelWire锁紧钢丝LongSteelTape钢卷尺LongSteelWireSaw长钢丝锯Long-SpanSteelFraming大跨钢构架LowAlloySteel低合金钢LowAlloySteelHighSideWagon低合金钢敞车LowAlloySteelPlate低合金钢板LowAlloyToolSteel低合金工具钢LowAlloyedSteel低合金钢LowSteelLow-ChromeSteel低铬钢Low-DuctilitySteel低塑性钢Low-ExpansionSteel低膨胀钢Low-Temperature(LowTemperature)Steel低温钢LowalloyStructuralSteel低合金钢MachineSteel机件钢;机器钢MachinerySteel机器钢MagnafluxSteel航空用高强度钢MagnetSteel磁钢MagneticSteel磁钢;磁性钢MagneticSteelDetector钢筋磁性检测仪MagneticallySoftSteel软磁钢MainReinforcingSteel主钢筋Major-OrthotropicSteel-PlateBridge主正交各向异性钢板桥MalleableMildSteel韧性低碳钢;韧性软钢MalleableSteel展性钢;软钢;韧性钢Man-TenSteel低合金高强度钢ManganeseSiliconSpringSteel锰硅弹簧钢ManganeseSiliconSteel锰硅钢ManganeseSiliconToolSteel锰硅工具钢MartinSteelMediumManganeseSteel中锰钢MediumSteel(MS)中碳钢MediumTemperSteel中等回火钢MediumWidthSteelStrip中等宽度带钢Medium-HardSteel中硬钢MerchantSteel商品钢;商品条钢;条钢Mercury-In-SteelThermometer钢管水银温度计;钢壳水银温度计MildCarbonSteel低碳钢MildCarbonSteelStrip低碳带钢MildSheetSteel软钢板MildSteel软钢;低碳钢MildSteelArcWeldingElectrode低碳钢焊条MildSteelChannel槽钢MildSteelCheckeredPlate花纹钢板MildSteelEqualAngle等边角钢MildSteelExpandedSheets钢板网MildSteelFireBox软钢板火箱MildSteelHexagonalBolts六角螺丝梗MildSteelHexagonalBoltsAndNuts六角螺丝闩MildSteelI-Beam低碳工字钢MoldSteelMushet('S)Steel马歇特钨钢NaturalSteel天然钢;初生硬度钢NeedleSteel针状组织钢Needle(D)Steel加硼硬化亚共析钢NeutralSteel中性钢NichromeSteel镍铬耐热钢NickelAlloySteel镍合金钢NickelCastSteel含镍铸钢NickelChromiumManganeseSteel镍铬锰钢NickelSteel镍钢NickelSteelGasWeldingRod镍钢气焊条NickelSteelWire镍钢线Nickel-ChromeAlloySteel镍铬合金钢Nickel-ChromeSteel镍铬钢Nickel-ChromiumSteel镍铬钢Nickel-CladSteelPlate包镍钢板;镀镍钢板Nickel-ManganeseCastSteel镍-锰铸钢;镍锰铸钢Nickel-MolybdenumSteel镍钼钢Nickel-PlatedMildSteelRoundHeadMachineScrew镀镍低碳钢圆头机器螺丝Nickel-PlatedMildSteelRoundHeadWoodScrew镀镍低碳钢圆头木螺丝Non-SulfurizedCarbonSteel非硫化处理的碳钢Non-WeldableSteel不可焊接的钢NondeformingToolSteel不变形工具钢NonmagneticSteel无磁性钢NormalSteel正常钢;正常结构钢NormalSteelCasting普通铸钢NormalizedAndTemperedSteel正火及回火钢NormalizedSteel正火钢NotHeat-TreatedSteelWire非热处理的钢丝NotchDuctileSteel耐冲击钢OceSteel无渗碳体钢OctagonSteelBar八角钢条OctagonalBarSteel八角型钢OctagonalSteel八角钢Oil-HardenedSteel油淬硬化钢Oil-HardeningSteel油淬钢Oil-OperatedSteelSupport液压金属支架Oil-QuenchingSteel油淬火钢OpenForgingSteel商用锻钢坯OpenSteel沸腾钢Permanent-MagnetSteel永久磁钢PHStainlessSteel沉淀硬化不锈钢;沉淀硬化型不锈钢PhosphoreticSteel磷钢PickledSheetSteel酸洗薄钢板PigIronForSteelMaking炼钢生铁PinionSteel齿轮钢PipeSteel管钢PlainBasicSteel普通碱性钢PlainCarbonSteel普通碳钢PlainCarbonToolSteel碳素工具钢PlainEndSteelPipe平端钢管PlainGalvanizedSteelSheet镀锌铁皮PlainSteel普通钢;碳素钢PlainSteelRim简单钢轮缘PlainSteel-Bar光面钢筋PlasticCoatingTechnologyForSteelTube钢管涂塑工艺PlasticCoveredSteelCord包塑钢线PlasticFlowOfSteel钢的塑流Plastic-LinedSteelPipe塑料衬里钢管Plastic-SteelCombination塑料钢组合PlateSteelPlowSteelPlySteelPotSteelPourSteelPowerCableWithFlatSteelWireArmouring扁钢丝铠装电力电缆ForgedSteel锻钢PrecisionSeamlessSteelTubes精密无缝钢管Pressed-Steel压制钢Pressed-SteelBoot模压钢开沟器Pressed-SteelHookChain模压钢钩头链Pressed-SteelPlate压制钢板Pressure-CastingDieSteel压铸模具合金钢PrestressedConcreteSteelWireStrand预应力混凝土结构用钢绞线PrimarySteel通用钢Pseudo-Steel假钢PuddleSteel搅炼钢PunchedSteelPlate穿孔钢板Precipitation-HardeningStainlessSteel弥散硬化不锈钢;沉淀硬化不锈钢QualitativeCarbonSteel定性碳钢QuarterOctagonSteel四角方钢Quartz-SteelResonator石英钢片谐振器PurifiedSteel精炼钢QuenchAllovSteel淬硬合金钢QuenchSteel淬钢QuietSteelRailSteelRapidSteelRawSteelRed-ShortSteel热脆钢FlatSteelHeald钢片综RefinedSteel精炼钢FlatSteelLawnRake草地扁钢耙RegularSmoothBottomSteelBenchPlane普通平底钢刨RegularSoft-CenterSteel正心软心钢ReinforcingSteel钢筋ReinforcingSteelAdjustingCutter钢筋调直切断机ReinforcingSteelArea钢筋截面积;钢筋截面面积ReinforcingSteelCrookingMachine钢筋弯曲机ReinforcingSteelCutter钢筋切断机ReinforcingSteelReinforcement钢筋RelaxationOfSteel钢筋松弛RephosphorisedSteel回磷钢RerolledSteel半成品钢RerollingSteel半成品钢RetractableSteelJoist伸缩式钢梁;可缩钢梁RetractableSteelRule钢卷尺ReversibleSteel双尖松土锄铲AcidElectricSteel酸性电炉钢AcidSteelRisingSteelRivetSteelRolledSteelProducts钢材RolledSteelWire盘条RollerBearingSteel滚柱轴承钢RollerBlindOfSteel钢制滑轮百叶窗RotatingStainlessSteelCage(浸出用)回转不锈钢笼RoundSteel圆钢RoundSteelBar圆钢筋RoundSteelFork圆钢叉子RoundSteelWire圆钢丝Round-EdgedSteelFlat圆边扁钢ReactingSteel再结晶钢RazorSteel剃刀钢;刀片钢RubberLinedSteelSheel衬橡胶钢制壳体RunOfSteel钻杆长度Rust-ProofSteel不锈钢Rust-ResistingSteel不锈钢RustlessSteel不锈钢SandwichSteel夹心钢SaturatedSteel共析钢ScheduleOfStructuralSteel钢材一览表ScrapSteelSemi-StainlessSteel半不锈钢Semi-Steel钢性铸铁;高级铸铁Semi-SteelCasting半钢性铸铁件SemikilledSteel半镇静钢SemirimmingSteel半镇静钢SemisoftSteel半软钢Shallow-HardeningSteel低淬透性钢SharpenedSteel锐钢钎ShearSteel刀剪钢;高速切削钢Shear-Steel刃钢;剪钢;剪切钢SheetSteel薄钢板;钢皮;钢片;钢片SheetSteelEnamel钢片搪瓷SheetSteelFlume钢板渡槽SheetSteelForm钢模板SheetSteelMill薄钢板厂SheetSteelPipe薄钢管SheetSteelRollingMill薄钢板压延机SheetSteelStraighteningUnit薄钢板矫平机钢质舷窗船用钢质风雨密门Si-SteelSilverSteelSingleSteelIntrauterineDevice金属单环SingleSteelRollerCottonStripper单钢辊式摘棉铃机Single-SkinSteelDam单层钢面板坝Single-SlagSteel单渣钢SinteredStainless-Steel烧结不锈钢SinteredSteel烧结钢Sintered-CarbonSteel烧结碳钢SkelpSteel焊接管坯钢SkhlSteel镍铬铜低合金钢SkiWithSteelSkiPole带钢撑棍的滑雪板SkilletCastSteel坩埚铸钢SleeperSteelMould轨枕钢模SlidingHeadSteelBarClamp木工夹SlidingShearsForSteelBand钢带滑动剪刀SmallSelf-ContainedIronAndSteelComplex配套的小型钢铁联合企业SmallSteelShape小型钢材SmoothSteelPipe光面钢管SoftCenterSteel软心钢SoftMediumCarbonSteel软中碳钢SoftMediumStructuralSteel软中碳结构钢SoftSteelSolidSteelSpiralSteelPipe螺旋钢管SpiralWeldedSteelPipe螺旋焊接钢管SpiralWeldingSteelPipe螺焊钢管SpottySteel白点钢SpringSteel弹簧钢SpringSteelBand弹簧钢带SpringSteelWire弹簧钢丝Spring-SteelFloorMember弹性钢底梁Spring-SteelHolder弹簧持钎器Spring-SteelRoofMember弹性钢顶梁Spring-SteelShutter弹簧钢活门SquareSpringSteel方弹簧钢SquareSteel方钢SquareSteelBar方钢筋;方钢条StabilizedSteel(Sheet)稳定化钢板StabilizedSteel(经过加铝稳氮处理的低碳沸腾钢)稳定化钢StabilizedSteelSheet稳定处理钢板StainlessAcidResistantSteel不锈耐酸钢StainlessAcid-ResistingSteelWire不锈耐酸钢丝StainlessCladSteel不锈复合钢StainlessSteelCrucible不锈钢坩埚StainlessSteelDisc不锈钢盘StainlessSteelDiscForCasting铸造用不锈钢块StainlessSteelElectrode不锈钢焊条StainlessSteelEnamel不锈钢搪瓷StainlessSteelFertillizerBelt不锈钢撒肥带StainlessSteelFibre不锈钢纤维StainlessSteelFilter不锈钢过滤器StainlessSteelFlagHinge不锈钢旗铰链StainlessSteelFlexibleHose不锈钢软管StainlessSteelGrating不锈钢滤栅StainlessSteelHeavyDutyVernierCalipers不锈钢重型游标卡尺StainlessSteelHelices不锈钢填料StainlessSteelHoneycombCore不锈钢蜂窝芯子StainlessSteelHoneycombPanel不锈钢蜂窝板StainlessSteelInsideCalipers不锈钢内卡钳StainlessSteelKettle不锈钢锅StainlessSteelKitchenware不锈钢厨具StainlessSteelMineralSpringPump不锈钢矿泉水泵StainlessSteelMotherBlank不锈钢母板StainlessSteelTrySquare不锈钢矩尺StainlessSteelTube不锈钢管StainlessSteelVacuumPugmill不锈钢真空炼泥机StainlessSteelValve不锈钢阀StainlessSteelWare不锈钢器皿StainlessSteelWatch不锈钢表StainlessSteelWatchBand不锈钢表带StainlessSteelWatchCase不锈钢表壳StainlessSteelWatchCaseBlank不锈钢表壳粗坯StainlessSteelWeldingElectrode不锈钢电焊条StainlessSteelWire不锈钢丝StainlessSteelWireCloth不锈钢丝布StainlessSteelWireContraceptiveRing不锈钢丝节育环StainlessSteelWireLigation不锈钢丝结扎StainlessSteelWireMesh不锈钢金属网StainlessSteelWireSieve不锈钢丝筛网StainlessSteelWireSuture不锈钢丝缝合线StainlessSteelWireWrappedScreen不锈钢钢丝绕制筛管StainlessSteelWrapWire不锈钢绕丝Stainless-CladSteel不锈包层钢;不锈钢钢包层金属SteelAlloySteelAngleSteelAnvilSteelArchSteelArch-Gate弧形钢闸门SteelArea钢筋截面面积;钢筋面积SteelArmoured铠装;铠装的;包钢SteelBackBrakeShoe钢背闸瓦SteelBacking钢背SteelBackingPlate钢背板SteelBalingStrap打包铁皮SteelBall钢球;钢种SteelBallCoalMill钢球磨煤机SteelBallIndent钢球痕SteelBallLappingMachine钢球研磨机SteelBallPolishingMachine钢球抛光机SteelBall-TypeValve钢珠活门SteelBand钢带;钢箍带SteelBandButtWelder钢带对焊机SteelBandKnittingMachine钢带提花圆型针织机SteelBandTape钢卷尺SteelBar钢棒;钢材;钢筋;条钢SteelBarBender钢筋弯曲机SteelBarShearingMachine钢筋切断机SteelBeamSteelBedSteelBeltSteelBlueSteelBodySteelBombSteelBondSteelBondedCarbideTool钢结硬质合金工具SteelBottomPlate钢底盘SteelBottomRim钢底箍SteelBowl钢杯;钢辊筒SteelBoxPile盒形钢桩SteelBracket钢支架SteelBronze钢青铜;钢性青铜SteelBrush钢刷;钢丝刷SteelBulkhead钢板驳岸SteelBulkhead(钢管的)钢闷头SteelBur钢牙钻SteelBurnisher钢磨光器SteelBushing钢套SteelButton钢钮SteelCable钢缆;钢丝绳;钢丝索;钢索SteelCableBaffleRing钢丝挡圈SteelCableClamp钢丝绳绳夹SteelCableConveyorBelt钢缆输送带SteelCableHoist钢丝绳式电动葫芦SteelCableTerminal钢丝绳接头SteelCageSteelCanSteelCapSteelCellSteelChipsSteelChiselSteelClad包钢的SteelClip钢夹SteelCoachScrew钢制方头木螺钉SteelCofferdam钢围堰SteelCollar钎肩SteelCollectorBar钢导电棒SteelColumn钢柱SteelComplex钢铁联合企业SteelComposingStick钢手托SteelCompositeConstruction劲性钢筋混凝土结构SteelConcrete钢筋混凝土SteelConcreteCompositeGirder钢筋混凝土合成梁SteelConcreteSleeper钢筋混凝土轨枕SteelConditioning钢表面修整;钢的表面修整SteelConduit布线钢管SteelConeConcreteColumn钢心混凝土柱SteelConstruction钢结构SteelConveyorBelt钢质运输带SteelCoolingCoil钢制冷却蛇管SteelCordConveyorBelt钢丝绳输送带SteelCoreSteelCupSteelDamSteelDeckSteelDieSteelDiscSteelDogSteelDoor钢门SteelDoorFrame钢门框SteelDoubleBoltPipeClamp钢制双螺栓管卡SteelDowel插筋SteelDrag钢板路刮SteelDrift钢冲SteelDrop钢粒SteelDrum钢桶;铁桶SteelDryer钢制晾衣架SteelElectrode钢焊条SteelElectrodeForLowTemperatureService低温钢焊条SteelEmery钢砂SteelEngraver钢版雕刻机SteelEngraving钢凹板;钢雕SteelEraser刮墨水字迹刮刀SteelErector钢架装置机;钢结构安装工SteelFabricReinforcement网状钢筋SteelFacing钢板护面;钢棉面板;钢面板;表面钢化SteelFeed钢坯SteelFiberReinforcedConcrete钢纤维混凝土SteelFibreSteelFileSteelFilterSteelFixerSteelFlatSteelFoilSteelForkSteelFormSteelFrame钢架;钢框格SteelFrameDam钢架坝SteelFrameMillBuilding钢架厂房SteelFrameMillPlant钢架厂房SteelFrameStructure钢框格SteelFramedBuilding钢框架房屋SteelFramedReinforcedConcreteColumn钢骨钢筋混凝土柱SteelFramework钢构架SteelFraming钢框格SteelFramingPlan钢框架平面图SteelFurniture钢家具SteelGirder钢梁SteelGrade钢的等级;钢的等级牌号;钢号;钢种SteelGradeAndType钢号及钢种SteelGradeCharacter钢级代号SteelGrader钢材分选装置SteelGratingFloor钢箅子地板SteelGray青灰色;铁青毛SteelGrey钢灰色SteelGrid钢筋网格;格砖炉篦SteelGrilleSteelGritSteelHealdSteelHoopSteelHoseSteelIngotSteelInkSteelJack矿用螺旋立柱;闪锌矿SteelJacket钢套;钢质导管架SteelJacketPlatform(近海建筑物用)钢套管架平台SteelJoist钢龙骨SteelKey钢键SteelKnife-Edge钢质刀口SteelL-Plate铁三角SteelLadder钢梯SteelLadle钢水包SteelLagging钢挡板;钢套SteelLathing钢丝网;抹灰用钢丝网SteelLatticeStructure钢格构结构SteelLatticeTruss钢格构桁架SteelLatticework钢格构SteelLetters钢字SteelLineDrawer钢线拉线机SteelLinear钢覆面SteelLined衬钢的SteelLiner钢衬SteelLining钢板衬砌;钢衬;钢内衬;金属支护SteelLintelSteelLoopSteelMarkSteelMastSteelMeshSteelMillSteelMirrorSteelMortar钢研钵SteelMotorLifeboat钢质机动救生艇SteelMould钢锭模;钢模SteelMouldForElectricPole电杆钢模SteelMouldingPlate钢模板SteelMovableForm钢滑动模板SteelNail钢钉SteelPad钢安全臼SteelPanel钢护板SteelPatternNumber钢型号SteelPerforatingRule打孔用钢尺SteelPick钢镐SteelPickHead镐头SteelPicklingOperation钢酸洗作业SteelPicklingWasteLiquid钢酸洗废液SteelPicksAndMattock钢镐SteelPig炼钢生铁SteelPile钢桩SteelPileTypeDolphin钢桩系船墩SteelPipe钢管SteelPipingSteelPitSteelPlaneSteelPlantSteelPlateSteelPlateStamping钢板冲件SteelPlateThicknessMeter钢板测厚仪SteelPlated包钢板SteelPlatesForBoilerAndPressureVessels锅炉和压力容器用钢板SteelPlatesForLowTemperatureService低温用钢板SteelPlating镀钢的SteelPole钢杆SteelProduction炼钢SteelProducts钢材SteelProtractor钢制分度器SteelPuller钻杆提取器SteelPurlin钢檩SteelRabble钢渣棒SteelRail钢轨SteelRatio钢筋百分比;钢筋百分率SteelReactor钢制反应釜SteelReinforcedAluminiumWire钢芯铝线SteelReinforcement钢筋SteelRetortSteelRiderSteelRimSteelRingSteelRivetSteelRodSteelRollSteelRollerSteelRope钢索SteelRule钢尺SteelRung钢踏棍SteelSandDrilling钢砂钻进SteelSash钢窗;钢框格SteelSaw钢锯SteelScale钢尺SteelScoria钢渣SteelScrap钢屑;废钢SteelSets矿用钢支架SteelShank钎子尾SteelSharpening锻钎SteelSheath钢皮SteelSheathing钢棉面板;钢面板SteelSheel钢壳体SteelSheetDiskWheel钢板盘轮SteelSheetPile钢板桩SteelSheetPileBreakwater钢板桩防波堤SteelShellSteelShieldSteelShoeSteelShotSteelShovel钢铲;钢锹SteelSkeleton钢骨架SteelSkeletonBuilding钢骨架房屋;钢骨架建筑SteelSkeletonCompact钢骨架坯块SteelSkeletonConstruction钢骨架构造SteelSlab钢锭SteelSlabBridge钢板桥SteelSlag钢渣SteelSleeper钢枕;钢枕木SteelSlipGauge钢制块规SteelSnareWire鼻息肉绞断钢丝SteelSocket钢套节SteelSorter钢鉴别仪SteelSpaceFrameStructure钢空间框架结构SteelSpade钢锹SteelSpecification钢号SteelSpiritLevel钢水平尺SteelSpokeWheel钢制辐轮SteelSpout出钢槽SteelStackSteelStairSteelStrapSteelStringSteelStripSteelStrut钢支柱SteelStud钢立筋SteelSub-Tread钢踏步底板SteelSuperstructure上部钢结构SteelSupport钢圈支架;金属支架SteelSupportStructure钢支撑结构SteelSupportingStockColumn钢支柱料柱SteelSwarf-RemovingTool断屑刀片SteelTank钢槽;钢罐;金属结构罐SteelTapeWebDivider钢带毛网分条器SteelTendon钢丝束SteelTestPiece钢材取样块SteelThimble钢套管SteelThread钢丝SteelTieBeam钢拉梁SteelTieRod钢拉杆SteelTimber金属支架SteelToolBox钢壳工具箱SteelTooth钢齿SteelTowerSteelTrapSteelTrussSteelTubeSteelTypeSteelTyreSteelWedge钢楔SteelWeir钢堰SteelWheel钢轮SteelWindow钢窗SteelWindowFrame&Accessory钢窗框及配件SteelWindowSection钢窗料SteelWire钢丝;钢线SteelWireArmoredCable钢丝铠装电缆SteelWireArmour钢线铠装SteelWireArmouredAirRubberHose钢丝编织空气胶管SteelWireArmouredCable钢线铠装电缆SteelWireArmouredHighPressureRubberHose钢丝编织高压胶管SteelWireArmouredWaterRubberHose钢丝缠绕排水胶管SteelWireBraid钢丝编织层SteelWireBraidedHighPressureHose钢丝编织高压管SteelWireBrush钢丝刷SteelWireClamp钢丝绳卡头SteelWireCloth铁砂布SteelWireCutter钢丝刀SteelWireStrand多股钢丝;多股钢线SteelWireStylet钢丝针芯SteelWireTubeBrush钢丝管刷SteelWireWheelBrush钢丝轮刷SteelWires钢绞线SteelWiringReinforcedBrickWall钢丝网加劲砖墙SteelWool钢棉;钢丝棉;钢丝绒;铁绒SteelWoolFilter钢丝绒滤油器SteelWork钢制件SteelWorksEquipment钢厂设备SteelYokeEnd钢叉Steel-AlkalineBattery碱性镍铁蓄电池Steel-AluminiumConductor钢铝线Steel-Backed钢背的Steel-BackedBearing钢背轴承Steel-BackedBearingAlloy钢背轴承合金Steel-BackedBearingMetal钢背轴承合金Steel-BackedBronze-FacedWasher钢背铜面垫圈Steel-BandConveyer钢带输送机;钢带运输机Steel-CastSteel-CladSteel-DieEngravingPress钢凹版印刷机Steel-EncasedBeam劲性钢筋混凝土梁Steel-FrameConstruction钢架结构;钢框架结构Steel-FrameStructure钢架结构Steel-FramedWoodlinedSilo钢架木衬青贮塔Steel-HidePicker钢合皮皮结Steel-LatticeRigidFrame钢格构刚架Steel-Lined衬钢的Steel-LinedConcretePipe钢板衬砌混凝土管Steel-PanWheelbarrow钢斗手推车Steel-PipeConstruction钢管结构Steel-PipeFurniture钢管家具Steel-PipePile钢管桩Steel-PipeSpaceFrame钢管空间构架Steel-PlatePaper钢版雕刻用纸Steel-RingBurrCylinder钢环除杂锡林Steel-RopeDrive钢索传动Steel-RopeGuide钢丝绳罐道Steel-RopeTractingBeltConveyer钢绳牵引带式输送机Steel-ShodSteel-WireRopeTypeElectricBlock钢丝绳电动葫芦Steel-WireScreen钢丝筛网Steel-WireSheath钢丝外皮Steel-WoodFurniture钢木家具SteeringWheelSteelCore转向盘钢架芯StraightSteelRuler钢直尺StraightSteelWireCupWheel直钢丝杯形刷轮StraightSteelWireWheel直钢丝刷轮Straight-ChromiumStainlessSteel铬不锈钢Strain-HardeningSteel应变硬化钢StrandedGalvanizedSteelWire镀锌钢绞线StrapSteel带钢StripSteel带钢StripSteelRolledStock带材StrongSteel强力钢;高强度钢StructuralAlloySteel结构合金钢;结构用合金钢;合金结构钢StructuralCarbonSteel结构碳钢StructuralSteel结构钢;钢架StructuralSteelDesign钢结构设计SunSteelT-BulbSteel圆形丁字钢TakingSteelAsTheKeyLink以钢为纲TappingOfMoltenSteel出钢TeeSteel丁字钢TemperatureSteel温度钢筋TemperatureSteel(混凝土的)温度筋TemperedForgedSteel回火锻钢TemperedSteel回火钢TenMillionTonIronAndSteelComplex千万吨级钢铁基地ThermitSteel铝热焊钢粉ThickSteelPlate厚钢板ThickWalledCylinderBySeamlessSteelPipe无疑钢管式厚壁圆筒Thick-WallSteelCassete厚壁钢制防爆盒ThicknessToleranceOfSteelPlateOfPipe钢板或钢管厚度负偏差ThinSteelPlate薄钢板Thin-WallSteelTube薄壁钢管;薄钢管ThomasSteel碱性转炉钢ThreadSteelNail螺纹钢钉Three-PinSteelLatticeRigidFrame三铰钢格构刚架TireSteelTiscoSteelToolSteelTrueSteelTubularSteelDerrick钢管井架TubularSteelFoldingChair钢管折椅TubularSteelGridDome钢管网格穹隆TubularSteelProp钢管支柱TubularSteelScaffolding钢管脚手架TubularSteelTable钢管桌TungstenCarbideDrillSteel碳化钨硬质合金钢钎TungstenChromeSteel钨铬钢TungstenSteel钨钢。

工程建筑工程英标规范(钢筋)中英文

SECTION 1: REFORCEMENT 第一章：钢筋PART 1 GENERAL第一节总则1.1 SCOPE OF WORK 工作围Materials and labours required for the complete installation of the work of this section, including furnishing and placing of reinforcing steel and related positioning.完成安装本部分工程所需的材料和劳动力，包括提供和设置钢筋和有关的定位。

1.2 STANDARDS 标准Except as otherwise specified herein, perform work in accordance with specifications, codes, and standards cited therein, and latest applicable addenda and supplements. Copies of these items shall be kept available in shop and field.除非另有规定，按照以下引用的规，标准和最新的附录和补充施工。

在车间和现场应备有这些文件的复印件。

BS 4449 Hot rolled steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete. 用于混凝土的热轧钢筋BS 8110 The Structural Use of Concrete - Part 1 Design and Construction.混凝土的结构用途-第一节设计和施工BS 4483 Steel fabric for the reinforcement of concrete. 混凝土加筋钢丝BS 4466 Bending dimensions and scheduling of bars for the reinforcementof concrete. 混凝土钢筋弯曲尺寸和加工表UK Structural Design Standards specified herein can be substituted by other Structural Design Standards: Selected National and International Title and Sources, provided that request for substitution is made and reviewed by Engineer's Representative before use in project.如果在使用前提出申请替换，并经监理代表批准，可以使用相应结构设计标准：挑选的国家和国际名称和来源，来替换这里规定的英国结构设计标准。

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Columns
Column shapes Base connection
Column splicing
Types of Steel Frame Construction
AISC Type1 – rigidபைடு நூலகம்frame construction (shear and moment connections)
Open web joist design Terms
Details
Open web bar joist are used as secondary framing members for floors and roof systems.
Lighter roof loads allow joist to be spaced further apart – 4’ – 5’ oc. Floor loads – 50 –100 psf require closer spacing of 2’ oc.
Caissons are augured to depths of 50 – 60 feet and greater in search of high bearing capacity such as bedrock
Diameters of 36” are common
Some are sleeved to prevent cave-in Caissons are filled with high strength concrete
AISC Type2 – simple frame construction
(only shear connections) AISC Type3 – semirigid construction (shear and some moment resistance)
Beams- Primary Members
Decking
Floor decking with slab
Composite decking and slab
Roof decking
corrugated steel decking and composite decking
Summary
Be aware of: • Concerns that require sub-surface investigation • Reasons for organizing a structural frame • Function of foundation system / types of foundations • Column shapes / base and top connections • Beam shapes and connections • Bar joist configuration and terms • Bar joist layout and connections • Decking types
Preliminary Design of a Steel Structure Dimensioning Corrugated steel roof decking depth of = 1/40 of the span (standard depth = 1”, 1 ½”, 2” and 4”) Open-web steel joists depth of = 1/20 of span for heavily loaded floors or widely spaced joists. Depth = 1/24 span for lightly loaded floors, closely spaced joists and roofs. Typical joist spacing range 2’ - 10’ Steel beam depth = 1/20 of span (width usually 1/3 to 1/2 of depth) Steel girder depth = 1/15 of span (width usually 1/3 to 1/2 of depth) Triangular steel roof trusses depth = 1/4 to 1/5 of span.
shapes
connections testing x bracing
Coping of the top flange so that the top of beams and girders are leveled with each other
Grid Infill with Bar Joist
Rectangular trusses depth = 1/8 to 1/12 of span.
Steel column size. Add up the total roof and floor area supported by the column. A W8 supports up to 3000 sq ft. W14 25000 sq ft.
Pile foundations develop bearing capacity by side wall friction They must be driven in sets of three or more and capped with concrete Common pile members are made of: •Treated wood •Steel H sections •Concrete
Site Grading
Soil Analysis
•Bearing capacity •Water table •Rock
Structural Order
•Benefits of ordering system
•Types of grids
•Structural hierarchy
•Typical grid dimensions
Radial grid
Foundation Systems
1. Function of systems 2. Soil bearing capacity
3. Types of systems
4. Construction process
Foundation systems that transfer frame loads to the ground
Examples of Standard Shapes of Structural Steel
Open-Web Steel Joists Produced in 3 series
K-series span up to 60’ – depth ranges from 8” to 30”
LH-series (longspan) span up to 96’ – depth ranges from 18” to 48” DLH-series (deep longspan) span up to 144’ – depth ranges from 52” to 72” Spacing between OWJ-s ranges from 2’ to 10’.
Steel Alloys High-strength, low-alloy steels are produced by adding small amounts of other elements. Increased tensile strength, hence very economical for tension members, or even columns restricted in dimensions due to architectural considerations. Elastic modulus of these steels is not increased by the added elements, hence their use for beams is justified only when deflection (sag) is not a controlling factor. Corrosion proof. Textures and colors

国外工程 - basic steel framing(2008.06.12)

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