最新翻译理论与实践(汉译英)习题(附答案)

Unit 31. 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。

In his speech he laid special stress on raising the quality of the products.2 采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。

The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products.3社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。

Socialist revolution aims at liberating the produ c tive forces.4 他们一不会做工，二不会种地，三不会打仗。

They do not know a thing about factory work, nor about farm work, nor about military affairs.5 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。

The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking efforts.6在全国文明礼貌月中，所有城市必须搞好卫生，清除混乱和不礼貌现象。

During the National Civic Virtues Month, all the cities must clean up, and banish disarray and discourtesy.7. 现在有一些值得注意的现象，比如以权谋私，化公为私。

对这些事情，当然要批评和法办。

At present there are certain phenomena which warrant our attention. For instance, abusing power for personal gains, and approp r iating public property for personal use. Of course, this sort of thing should be criticized and be su b jected to legal punishment.8 中国人民百年以来不屈不挠，再接再厉的英勇斗争，使得帝国主义至今不能灭亡中国，也永远不能灭亡中国Thanks to the Chinese people’s unrelenting and heroic struggle during the last hundred years, imperialism has not been able to subjugate China, nor will it ever be able to do so.9 对外国的科学，技术，文化，不加分析地一改排斥，和不加分析地一概照搬，都不是马克思主义的态度，都对我们的的事业不利。

长句的处理Ⅰ. Put the following long sentences into English, paying attention to their structures.1．我厂生产的112升和145升电冰箱，造型美观，质量可靠，噪音小，耗电少，使用方便安全。

2．当前我们迫切需要有一个装备优良、人员齐备、按照安全保护原则、本着一丝不苟的精神建立起来的先进核能实验室。

3．本厂已有35年生产丝绸服装的历史，其产品远销全球50多个国家和地区。

完全真丝，质量上乘，做工精细，款式新颖，光滑柔和，耐洗耐晒，永不褪色，舒适高雅，女士必备。

如欲购买，尽快联系。

4．本厂产品质量稳定可靠，深受用户欢迎。

从1979年以来，获纺织部和省市奖的产品共达84种。

我们将遵循“质量第一”、“用户至上”的原则，热忱地为用户服务。

5．知识分子是工人阶级中掌握科学文化知识较多的一部分，在改革开放和现代化建设中有着特殊重要的作用。

能不能充分发挥广大知识分子的才能，很大程度上决定着我们民族的盛衰和现代化建设的进程。

6．历史业也已证明，人类对资源的认识、开发和利用的，以及制造生产工具利用资源的能力，是社会生产力发展水平的重要标志，也在一定的程度上决定了一定的社会基本结构和发展形态。

7．信息技术是在微电子、计算机和现代通讯技术基础上发展起来的一门高科技，具有信息采集、传输、处理和信息服务等一系列功能。

现今已能在一片8英寸的芯片上集成5亿个电子元件，其宽度仅为0.2503微米；微机的信息处理速度已达每秒近亿次以上；计算机虚拟技术将大大拓宽信息技术应用的范围。

8．提高我国的科技水平，必须坚持独立自主、自力更生的方针。

但是，独立自主不是闭关自守，自力更生不是盲目排外。

科学技术是人类共同创造的财富。

我们不仅因为今天科技落后才需要向外股学习，即使我们的科学技术赶上了世界先进水平，也还要学习人家的长处。

Key: 1.将“造型美观，质量可靠，噪音小，耗电少，使用方便安全”用一个主谓结构译出。

英汉互译实践与技巧课后答案UNIT1Make a comparison between the English word “send” and the corresponding Chinese character “送”, trying to have a thorough command of them.Send = 送1.Your luggage will be sent up very soon.你的行李很快就送过来了2.They have sent a wreath.他们送了一个花圈3.He was given a big send-off at the station.他在平台受到隆重的欢送4.They are now sending their children to college, too.他们也在送孩子上学Send = 送?1.Who send the letter?谁捎来的信2.Have you sent off the order?订单发出去了吗3.Please send him in.请叫他进来4.He sends words that he wouldn’t be coming.他带信来说，他不来了5.Could you send sb. to help us?你能派人来帮助我们吗6.Please send the goods by air.请用航空发货7.The shot sent the birds flying away.枪声惊飞了一群鸟8.Send for the doctor, please.请叫医生来送= send?1.送某人一本书give sb a book2.送礼present a gift to sb3.送信deliver a letler4.送客see a visitor out5.送行see sb off6.送雨伞bring sb a unbrellar7.送命lose one’s life8.送孩子上学take a child to school9.送某人回家escort somebody home10.将卫星送上天launch a satellite11.送葬take part in funeral procession12.送罪犯上法庭审判hand the criminal over to the court for trialUNIT21.Needing some light to see by, the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light thelight with the light green shade盗贼为了穿过房间，必须借助光源的照射，于是他蹑手蹑足的点燃了一盏灯，然后借着微弱的绿光走出了屋子。

一．英汉翻译理论与实践课程之教案目录第1讲“翻译”溯源第2讲翻译的本质第3讲翻译的标准第4讲翻译面面观第5讲翻译必有“失”/ 失于此而得于彼（两讲合并）第6讲翻译与联想第7讲翻译与语法第8讲翻译与语体第9讲翻译与语篇第10讲英汉十大差异第11讲形合与意合第12讲代词的困惑第13讲Connotation的翻译第14讲翻译与词典第15讲以“模糊”求精确第16讲落笔知轻重译文讲分寸第17讲翻译最难是口吻第18讲翻译与形象思维第19讲翻译与灵感思维第20讲英语修辞的翻译（包括连接三讲）第21讲翻译中的文化冲击第22讲思维是语言的脊梁（两讲合并）第23讲翻译美学之思考（两讲合并）二．汉英翻译理论与实践课程之教案目录第1讲汉译英呼唤文字功力第2讲语篇与翻译第3讲：英汉语美感比读（两讲合并）第4讲：理性概译：翻译之坦途第5讲：英语句式的亮点：非人称主语句（两讲合并）第6讲：汉译英有用的句型（两讲合并）第7讲：类析汉译英常见拙译（三讲合并）第8讲：从“湖光山色”的英译说开去（两讲合并）第9讲：Denotation和Connotation（两讲合并）第10讲：翻译，你的本质是什么？第11讲：归化与异化----汉语习语的英译一．英汉翻译理论与实践课程之练习第1讲“翻译”溯源试将下列文字译成汉语：1/ Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida & Charles R. Taber: The Theory and Practice of Translation, 1969)2/ Translation may be defined as follows:The replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)3/ A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. (A. F. Tytler: Essay on the Principles of Translation. 1791)参考译文1/ 所谓翻译，是在译语中用最切近的自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先是意义，其次是文体。

第一章翻译概论第一节中外翻译史简介四、课内练习1. 东汉至唐宋时期。

2. 玄奘不仅译出了75 部佛经，而且还把老子的部分著作译成梵文，成为第一个向国外介绍汉语著作的中国人。

3. 20 世纪初的“五四”新文化运动，开创了白话文学和白话翻译的新纪元，语言从文言正宗转为白话本位。

五四运动前后，东西方各国的优秀文学作品，特别是俄国和苏联的作品开始被介绍进来，《共产党宣言》等一批马克思主义著作的译文就发表在“五四”时期，为中国后来的革命做了充分的理论和思想准备。

4. 圣经的翻译成为了西方翻译研究的重要源头之一。

5. 中外悠久的翻译历史已为我们积累了一份宝贵的文化遗产。

我们应当认真总结前人的翻译经验，借鉴吸收前人从实践中总结出的理论、方法，以便继续提高我们的翻译水平，为中外文化交流做出自己的贡献。

五、课后练习（一）将下列段落译成中文：一百年前的今天：一些海鸥；北卡罗来纳州杀魔山海岸警卫队的三个队员；救生站以及一些本地人，见证了威尔帕·莱特(Wilbur Wright)和奥维尔·莱特(Orville Wright)兄弟的第一次机动飞机飞行。

1903 年12 月17 日，莱特兄弟第一次用比空气重的飞行器进行了有动力的持续飞行。

1932 年，90 英尺高的杀魔山顶立起了一座60 英尺高的花岗岩纪念碑，用以纪念这两个来自俄亥俄州代顿市的梦想家。

莱特兄弟来自于美国中部。

他们有着天空般广阔的眼界，也有着十分务实的作风。

1892 年，他们在俄亥俄州的代顿开创了自己的自行车企业：莱特自行车公司。

虽然在当时世纪之交的美国，有着数不清的自行车公司，但只有一个在造轮子的同时造出了翅膀。

当莱特兄弟在1903 年最终着眼于动力载人飞行器，他们成功地使世界变小了……（二）将下列段落译成英文：As Jia baoyu，Xue Baoqin，Xing youyan and Ping’er had birthdays on the same day，the young ladies held a hilarious drinking party in the hall of the peony garden for them. When it was Xiangyun’s turn to compose a verse amid a drinking game，she made fun of the service maids by saying，holding a duck head in hand，“This ya tou （referring to the duck head in hand）is not that ya tou （referring to the service maids around，as both are homophones in Chinese），for this ya tou has applied no hair oil….”Everybody roared with laughter. Some service maids protested，laughing，“You made fun of us，so you have to drink another cup. Let’s pour a full cup her….”As the party went on drinkers’games continued with ceaseless laughter and people suddenly noticed that Xiangyun had disappeared. While they looked this way and that，a service maid rushed in laughing，“Young ladies. Hurry to have a look at the Lady Xiangyun. She’s sleeping on the stone bench over there.”The group tiptoed over，and sure enough，saw Xiangyun sleeping soundly. Fallen flowers scattered on her body，her hair and her face. Her fan had dropped on the ground aside. Bees danced in the air around her. Under her head was a make-shift pillow of peony flowers wrapped with her handkerchief. Amid laughter service girls gently woke her up and helped her-she was still mumbling something drunkenly-get inside theroom.第二节翻译的定义与性质四、课内练习（一）将下列英文译成中文：1. 海蒂读过阿瑟的信后陷入了绝望之中。

翻译理论与实践（汉译英）习题第一周词的选择复习思考题：翻译下列句子，注意选词：我的表不准，每天快十多分钟。

时间过得真快！情人节快到了。

这把刀很快。

参考译文：My watch doesn’t keep good time. It gains more than ten minutes a day.How time does fly!Valentine’s Day is near. Or:Valentine’s Day is at hand. Or:Valentine’s Day is drawing near.The knife is really sharp. (*The knife is swift.)第二周词语翻译技巧（词义引申）复习思考题练习：根据本节所讲进行选词1.人民现在为什么拥护我们？就是这十几年有发展。

2.由于全球气候变暖，海平面在一点点地上升。

3.改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。

4.我们的企业应着重提高国际竞争力。

5.中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。

6.世界科技进步和产业结构的调整，亚太地区经济的迅速增长，给我国经济发展提供了有利条件。

在我国中长期发展中，也有不可制约的因素，突出的是：……7.在1993年亚太经合组织第一次领导人非正式会议上，我曾说过，把一个什么样的世界带到二十一世纪，是我们这一代领导人必须认真思考和解决的重大问题。

环顾新世纪初的世界和亚太地区形势，可以说是有喜有忧。

8.为了进行认真细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景。

9.专家普遍认为积极的财政政策对于最近几年的经济快速增长势头起了很大作用，2003年，这一政策的实施除了应向社会保障，农村教育及基础设施倾斜以外，还应从政府投资转向民间投资。

10.这些价值观和孔子宣扬的一些思想有很多相同之处，孔子的思想强调的是中庸适度。

翻译理论与实践考试试卷I. Alternative Choice: 15 %1. There is a lot of luck in drilling for oil. The drill may just miss the oil although it is near.译文A：石油钻探很大程度上要靠运气。

哪怕钻机打到石油边上，也可能找不到石油。

译文B：钻探石油有很大的运气，即使钻机就在附近也有可能错过石油。

2．I have no manners whatsoever. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up---in other words, whichever is easiest.译文A：事实上我没有任何规矩，如果我觉得喜欢，我就用手指吃，或用罐头吃，或站着吃——换句话说，看那种吃法最容易。

译文B：我实在是一点规矩也没有。

只要觉得合适，我可用手抓着吃，直接拿着罐头吃，或是站着吃：反正怎么省事就怎么吃。

3. 过去的一年．全国人民团结奋斗，开拓进取，社会主义现代化事业取得重大成就。

译文A：In the past, the Chinese people worked hard with a united and pioneering spirit, achieving great success in the drive for socialist modernization.译文B：In the last year, the Chinese people united and worked hard, pioneered and forged ahead, and made great achievements in the cause of China’s socialist modernization.4. 直到下半天，寻来寻去寻到山坳里，看见刺柴上挂着他的一只小鞋。

翻译理论与实践当然，请看以下的试题，它们涵盖了“翻译理论与实践”这个主题：1. 翻译理论与实践的关系是（）。

A. 相互独立B. 紧密联系C. 随意变动D. 没有关系2. 翻译的基本任务是（）。

A. 把原文翻译得很生硬B. 把原文翻译得非常长C. 把原文的意思翻译出来D. 把原文翻译得非常短3. 翻译理论是翻译实践的（）。

A. 基础B. 障碍C. 替代D. 无关4. 在翻译实践中，翻译者需要考虑的主要因素包括语言（）。

A. 结构B. 习惯C. 国家D. 旅游5. 翻译的目的是（）。

A. 创造文学作品B. 转换一种语言到另一种语言C. 让读者不理解D. 保持原文风格不变6. 翻译过程中最重要的挑战之一是（）。

A. 确保译文比原文长B. 保留原文所有的语法错误C. 保持翻译文本的流畅性和准确性D. 随意改变原文的结构7. 翻译实践的成功取决于（）。

A. 翻译者的能力和经验B. 电脑程序的速度C. 译文的价格D. 翻译过程的长度8. 翻译理论的发展与（）有关。

A. 本国的文化B. 机器的速度C. 电影的票房D. 图书馆的开放时间9. 翻译的复杂性在于（）。

A. 只有一种解决方法B. 只有一种语言C. 多种语言和文化之间的差异D. 只有一种读者10. 翻译理论的研究主要关注（）。

A. 译者的姓名B. 语言的音调C. 翻译过程的规律D. 电脑的价格11. 翻译的实践在不同的文化背景下可能会（）。

A. 完全一样B. 有所不同C. 每天更改D. 没有人理解12. 翻译中的文化差异对（）可能产生重要影响。

A. 翻译诗歌B. 阅读报纸C. 听音乐D. 翻译菜谱13. 翻译的挑战之一是（）。

A. 让译文比原文短B. 仅仅翻译单词C. 保持风格和语气D. 简单复制原文14. 翻译实践中的专业翻译人员需要具备（）。

A. 电脑的速度B. 多种语言知识和技能C. 忽略语言结构D. 将译文变成垃圾15. 翻译的主要目的之一是（）。

复习提纲：What is translation and its essence？（什么是翻译和其本质？）Translation is the expression in one language of what has been expressed in another language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalence. It is a kind of cross-language, cross-culture and cross society language activity. Its essence is the meaning explanation and transformation翻译是用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的，跨语言，跨交际，跨社会的语言活动。

其本质是释意，意义的转换。

types of translation（翻译的分类）From the stand point of signs: intralingual translation，interlingual translation and intersemiotic translation从涉及的符号来看：语内翻译，语际翻译，符际翻译From the stand point of the extent to which translation is done：full translation，partial translation and translation plus editing从翻译的方法来看：全译，摘译，编译From the stand point of way in translation is carried out：written interlingual translation，oral interlingual translation and machine translation从翻译的手段来看：笔译，口译，机器翻译From the stand point of the languages involved：native language into foreign language and foreign language into native language从source language and target language的角度：本族语译外族语，外族语译本族语From the stand point of the subject matter：professional translation（juristic and science writings），literary translation（novel，poem and drama）and general translation从翻译的题材来看：专业翻译（法律，科技文献），文学翻译（诗歌，散文，戏剧），一般性翻译（各种应用文和新闻报道）procedure of translation（翻译的过程）accurate comprehension，adequate expression and testing（理解，表达，校核）comprehension contains grammatical analysis，semantic analysis，stylistic analysis and discourse analysis理解分为：语法分析，意义分析，风格分析和语篇分析adequate expression：literal translation，translation by ideas and both of them表达分为直译，意译和两者并用criteria of translation（翻译的标准）Alexander F. Tytler（亚历山大F. 泰特勒）（1）A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work（译作应完全复写出原作的思想）（2）The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original（译作的风格和手法应和原作属于同一性质）（3）A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.（译作应具备原作具有的通顺）Popular western criteria：equivalent value，equivalent effect and equivalent function（西方流行标准：等值，等效，功能对等）similarity in function and correspondence in meaning（功能相似，语义相符）Fedorov（费德罗夫）The exactness of translation means the exact rendering of the thought and content of the original and performs the same rhetorical function as the original. （翻译等值理论）Eugene Nida （尤金奈达）functional equivalence（功能对等）The crucial problem of translation is often stated in terms of conflict between formal correspondence and functional equivalence.Yan Fu（严复）faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance（信达雅）译事三难，信，达，雅，求其信已大难矣，顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则尚达焉。

词的选择Ⅰ. Translate the following Chinese words and expressions into English, paying attention to the bold-faced words.1.运动a.运动有益身心b.足球是我喜欢的运动c.他在香港热心推广手球运动d.我国每年纪念五四运动e.人们热烈响应筹款运动f.他们发起了一场戒烟运动g.这属于运动神经疾病h.技术革新运动是成功的关键2. 着a.她着凉了。

b.你猜着了。

c.炉子着得很旺。

d.上不着天，下部着地。

e.老李躺下就着了。

f.他有点着慌。

g.他走错了一着。

h.屋顶上全都覆盖着积雪。

i.这些孩子穿着整齐。

j.再着一把力。

k.我们着眼于未来。

l.他们正在着手制定计划。

3. 馆博物馆、图书馆、旅馆、宾馆、大使馆、领事馆、茶馆、饭馆、理发馆、体育馆、展览馆、文化馆、美术馆、科技馆、天文馆、照相馆4. 学习a. 学习知识b. 学习技术c. 学习外语d. 学习成绩e. 学习别人的长处f. 互相学习g. 学习雷锋的榜样5. 送a. 送某人一本书b. 送礼c. 送信d. 送客e. 送行f. 送雨伞g. 送命h. 送孩子上学i. 送某人回家j. 将卫星送上天k. 送葬l. 送罪犯上法庭审判key: 1.运动a.Exercise is good for health.b.Football is my favorite sport.c.He is a keen promoter of handball in Hong kong.d.The May Fourth Movement is commemorated in our country every year.e.There was great enthusiasm for the donation drive.f.They started a campaign to stop people smoking.g.This belongs to motor nerve disease.h.Technological renovation is a key to the success.2. 着a.She was caught cold.b.You’ve guessed right.c.The fire is burning briskly in the stove.d.Be suspended in mid air.o Li fell asleep as soon as he lay down.f.He got alarmed.g.He has made a false move.h.The roofs are all covered with snow.i.These children are all neatly dressed.j.Make one more effort.k.We have our eyes on the future.l.The are starting drawing up the plan.3. 馆museum, library, hotel, guest house, embassy, consulate, tea house, restaurant, barbar’s shop, gymnasium, exhibition hall, cultural center, art gallery, science and technology center, planetarium, photo studio4. 学习a. acquire knowledgeb. master a skillc. study a foreign languaged. academic recordse. emulate others’ strong pointsf. learn from each otherg. follow the example of Lei Feng这一组中的“学习”，也是一个最常见的词语，需要结合上下文来遣词用字。

翻译理论与实践讲义作业一。

字词的翻译一、词的理解1.一词多义：例子：wetShe had a wet nurse for the infant Elliot. 她雇了一名奶妈为艾略特喂奶。

If you think I am for him, you are all wet. 如果你认为我支持他，那你就大错特错了。

She wet her pants at the news. 听到这个消息，她吓得尿了裤子。

2.词的大小：state and revolution, 国家与革命（列宁著作）state of the union (国情咨文)the united states. 美国（联合的各州）3.词义引申：抽象化、具体化例子：every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。

She stood there chewing over the strange thing. 她站在那儿仔细地琢磨这件怪事。

The engine sounds good. 那台机器听起来很正常。

At 23, he had first learned what it is to be a Negro. 他23岁时，平生第一次尝到了做黑人的滋味。

4.词的褒贬：例子：commentAlice was excited as a child, delighted to be once more the center of the comment.爱丽丝兴奋得像个小孩子似地，很高兴自己有成了谈论的中心。

But what a comment, she could not help reflecting, on her own charms.但她禁不住想到，这对她个人的魅力是多么大的讽刺啊。

He walked around the room. He then stopped and looked around, “comment” ?他在房间里走来走去，之后停下来环视着说：“谁有高见”？5.词的轻重：看词类、看场合、看句型、看习惯等等。

翻译理论与实践1（英译汉）实战练习15篇1．The Policy of Mass Media1) Life is indeed full of problems on which we have to make decisions as citizens or as private individual.2) But neither the real difficulty of these decisions nor their true and disturbing challenge to each individual can often be communicated through the mass media.3) The disinclination to suggest real choice which is to be found in the mass media is not simply the product of a commercial desire to keep the customers happy.4) The organs of the Establishment however well—intentioned they may be have a vested interest in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rocked and will so affect those who work within the mass media that they will be led insensibly towards forms of production which though they go through the motions of dispute and inquiry do not break through the skin to where such inquires might really hurt.5) They will tend to move when exposing problems well within the accepted cliché—assumptions of democratic society and will tend neither radically to question these clichés nor to make a disturbing application of them to features of contemporary life2. The American and the English1) Of the intrinsic differences that separate American from English the chief have their roots inthe obvious disparity between the environment and traditions of the American people since the seventeenth century and those of the English.2) The latter have lived under a relatively stable social order and it has impressed upon their souls their characteristic respect for what is customary and of good report.3) Until the World War brought chaos to most of their institutions their whole lives were regulated perhaps more than those of any other people save the Spaniards by a regard for precedent.4) The Americans though partly of the same blood have felt no such restrain and acquired no such habit of conformity.5) On the contrary they have plunged to the other extreme for the conditions of life in their country have put a high value upon the precisely opposite qualities of curiosity and daring and so they acquired that character of restlessness that impatience of forms that disdain of the dead hand which now broadly marks them.3. The Education of Humanists1)The education of humanists cannot be regarded as complete or even adequate without exposure in some depth to where things stand in the various branches of science particularly in the areas of our ignorance.2)Physics professors most of them look with revulsion on assignments to teach their subjects to poets.3) The liberal arts faculties for their parts will continue to view the scientists with suspicion and apprehension. 4) But maybe a new set of courses dealing systematically with ignorance in science will take hold.5) The scientists might discover in it a new and subversive technique for catching the attention of students driven by curiosity delighted and surprised to learn that science is exactly as some scientists described it: an “endless frontier.”6) The humanists for their part might take considerable satisfaction in watching their scientific colleagues confess openly to not knowing everything about everyone.7) And the poets on whose shoulders the future rests might late nights thinking things over begin to see some meanings that elude the rest of us.4. . American Study1) The scientific interest of American history centered in national character and in the workings of a society destined to become bast in which individuals were imp0rtant chiefly as types.2) Although this kind of interest was different from that of European history it was at least as important to the world.3) Should history ever become a true science it must expect to establish its laws not from the complicated story of rival European nationalities but from the economical evolution of a great democracy.4) North America was the most favorable field on the globe for the spread of a society so large uniform and isolated as to answer the purposes of science.5) There a single homogeneous society could easily attain proportions of three or four hundred million persons under conditions of undisturbed growth.6) In Europe or Asia undisturbed social evolution had been unknown.7) Without disturbance evolution seemed to cease.8) Wherever disturbance occurred permanence was impossible.9) Every people in turn adapted itself to the law of necessity.5. Jack London1) Life itself led London to reject this approach in his writing.2) He knew what it meant to be one of the disinheritedto be chained to the deadening routine of the machine and to soul-destroying labor for an insufficient reward.3) Consequently he swept aside not only the literature that pretended that ours is a society of sweetness and light but also that which contended that the inculcation of the spirit of Christian fellowship would put an end to class controversy.4) He did not oppose labor organization nor balk at the strike as a weapon of labor; rather he took his heroes and heroines from the labor movement and wove his plots within their struggles.5) He poured into his writings all the pain of his life the fierce hatred of the bourgeoisie that it had produced in him and the conviction it had brought to him that world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters.6. President Carter1) President Carter has been calling his closest advisers together for what is called as a hard reappraisal of his administration’s troubles but who will tell him the truth? 2) You can almost put it down as a general rule in this town that presidents often invite “honest criticism” from their aides but seldom get it and usually don’t follow it when they do.3) The reasons for this are not obscure.4) The Oval Office is the most frightening room inAmerica.5) It imposes a kind of respect on most visitors and even those legislative lions who roar against the president on Capital Hill tend to usually lower their voices and follow their prepared speeches when they walk through the White House door.6) Few While House aides dare to say anything against the president without betraying their fears.7) Even Henry Kissinger who is not an excessively modest or silent man hesitated to face President Nixon with the disaster he knew lay ahead.7.On “Mein Kampf”1) Mein Kampf’s the me song recurring again and again is race race purity race supremacy though nowhere did Hitler attempt to define race.2) It was never intended by Nature Hitler claims that all races should be equal any more than individuals are equal.3) Some are created superior to others.4) The Germans as the world’s strongest race should rule over the inferior through having the habitat of the highest race extended and scattered Germanic peoples united under one rule.6) The vast expansion visualized by Hitler would take place principally at the expense of other races.7) To attain the objectives set by his soaring ambition Hitler proposes three methods: propaganda diplomacy and force. 8) Nowhere in Mein Kampf is the author more revealing of himself and his tactics than in his discussionof propaganda techniques—correctly believed by him to be one of the Nazis’ most effective and formidable weapons.8. How to Write Clearly1) I have never had much patience with the writers who claim from the reader an effort to understand their meaning.2) You have only to go to great philosophers to see that it is possible to express with lucidity the most subtle reflections.3) One cause of obscurity is that many writers think not before but as they write.4) The pen originates the thought.5) The disadvantages of this and indeed it is a danger against which the author must be always on his guard is that there is a sort of magic in the written word.6) The idea acquires substance by taking on a visible nature and then stands in the way of its own clarification.7) But this sort of obscurity merges very easily into the willful.8) Some writers who do not think clearly are inclined to suppose that their thoughts have a significance greater than at first sight appears.9) It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reis with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection.9. 1) Of course there is a strong element of luck in both success and failure but it is my belief that there are no “secrets” to success.2) One thing I have discovered is that attitudes and values that I acquired in China long before came to the United States have had a great bearing on the success in my business.3) These values have much in common with some of the virtues of Confucianism the Chinese philosophy that stresses moderation.4) However although I respect the spirit of Confucianism I have not tried to adapt this ancient Chinese philosophy to modern society.5) For besides moderation other things I have found to be essential to success are patience adaptability decisiveness confidence unconventional thinking social responsibility and last luck.6) The importance of these attributes is in their interaction.7) Some of them are antithetical to others—patience will often collide with decisiveness for instance—and yet it is hard to think of any of my decisions in which they did not play a role.10. Tragedy1) Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fearso long sustained by now that we can even bear it.2) There are no longer problems of the spirit.3) There is only the question:4) When will I be blown up? 5) Because of this the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about worth the agony and the sweat.6) He must learn them again.7) He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and teaching himself that forget it forever leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart the universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed—love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice.8) Until he does so he labors under a curse.9) He writes not of love but of lust of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value of victories without hope and worst of all without pity or compassion.11. The Choice of Life1) The lives of most men are determined by their environment.2) They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with goodwill.3) They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails and they despise the motorcycle that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country.4) I respect them; they are good citizens good husbands and good fathers and of course somebody has to pay the taxes; but I don’t find them exciting.5) I am fascinated by the men few enough in all conscience who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking.6) It may be that we have no such thing as free will but at all events we gave the illusion of it.7) At a cross-road it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and the choice once made it is difficult to see that whole course of the world’s history obliged us to take the turning we did.12. Science Fiction1) Moreover if SF is the laboratory of the imagination its experiments are often of the kind that may significantly alter the subject matter even as they are being carried out.2) That is SF has always had a certain feedback effect on society as its visions emotionally engage the future consciousness of the mass public regarding especially desirable and undesirable possibilities.3) The shape a society takes in the present is in part influenced byits image of the future.4) For that matter some individuals in recent years have even shaped their own life-style after appealing models provided by SF stories.5) The diffusion of SF futuristic images of alternative societies through the media of movies and television may have speeded up and augmented SF’s social feed back effects.6) Thus SF is not only change speculator but change agent sending an echo from the future that is becoming into the present that is sculpting it.7) This fact alone makes imperative in any education system the study of the kinds of works discussed here.13. 1) Since the 1970s the Chinese community in the USA has undergone tremendous changes among which is its rapid increase in population as many Chinese have kept flooding into America’s shore.3) As the population of the American citize ns of Chinese descent has increased and their qualities have evidently improved so their economic conditions have prospered.4) It is said that since 1986 the US citizens of Chinese descent have leapt to a good lead over other racial minorities Japanese and Koreans for instance.5) The average Chinese family’s yearly income has now come to exceed that of the average American family.6) At present there is a number ofenterprisers of Chinese descent in the economic circles in the US who enjoy considerable fame.7) An even more cheerful phenomenon is that in recent years there have sprung up in the US prominent scientific and technical talents of Chinese descent.8) Their achievements have come to command the notice and admiration of scientists and technical experts in the world.9) Meanwhile Chinese-descent citizens have roles to play in American political circles as they have risen evidently in political status.14. Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to person.2) Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, 3) but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed.4) Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provede.5) Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives.6) Tired out after all exhausting life revolving around work they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved.7) As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion they now have enough time to fulfill an old dreamsuch as writing painting growing flowers and traveling around.8) On the whole female workers tend to have a more favorable attitude towards retirement than male workers.9) Withdrawal from employment to complete domesticity is a far less threatening experience for a woman than for a man.15. Mr. Zhang a retired miner bought four chicks early this yeae.2) One day he found one of them missing.2) He got so angry that he kept blaming his wife for it all the time.3) Towards evening into his yard came a chick followed by his neighbor Wang who ran to catch the chick.4) Naturally Zhang’s wife wouldn’t let him go with the chick.5) and so a quarrel ensued.6) It turned out that Wang had also lost one of his two chicks recently which he bought nearly the same time as Mr Zhang did.7) Their quarrel drew another neighbor Lee to the yard to see what was happening.8) Having heard the story he put the chick somewhere between their homes and let it off.9) The chick went straight to join Zhang’s flock and kept returning whenever it was driven to Wang’s home.10) And at Zhang’s call “Chick chick” all the chicks including the one in question recede in response to him.11) Wang had no more to say but made an immediate apologize. Thus ended the quarrel over a chick.。

大学英语专业英汉翻译理论与实践例句及答案(1)约翰现同父母住在纽约市；他不担任乐队指挥已三年了。

(2)他们称自己是英国人，(而他们)却害怕打仗。

(3) a.二战中，日本士兵侵略成性，声名狼藉。

b.他近来的发现使他名声大噪（声名鹊起）。

(4)天津女娃刘小源，一个才四岁的小不点，竟以一曲京剧花脸唱段倾倒了亿万电视观众。

(5)约翰为人可靠，是个既忠诚又正直的人。

(6) 今天，作为一个悲伤家庭的代表，我站在大家面前，此时此刻，全国哀悼，举世震惊。

(7) 伊梅尔达鼻子哼了一声：“没家教！我可不愿意让人说我从来不教自己的女儿要尊敬长辈。

”(8) 今天，广泛的一致看法是，用于繁殖的克隆是不安全的，应当被禁止。

现在，争论已经从制造婴儿的伦理问题转向了为得到用于医疗的细胞和组织而克隆胚胎的道德问题。

(9) 教练对队里的某些队员动粗而惹起了麻烦。

(10) 听小提琴演奏《梁祝》的甜美旋律，是少有的艺术享受。

(11) 谚语是凝聚着智慧的通俗话语，是它使得拉丁美洲人的言谈常常显得那么生动活泼。

从大学教授到田野农夫，从市井乞丐到摩登女郎，大家都在使用谚语。

谚语简洁明快，丰富多彩，但也往往带着刺。

Exercise A:从前我们穴居的祖先在烟雾弥漫的篝火前啃咬野猪骨头，而今天，我们都围坐在铺着雪白桌布，摆着铮亮刀叉的餐桌旁进餐。

这就是我们饮食习惯变革的历史：吃饭从只是为了充饥果腹，已发展成了一种相当复杂、但又令人愉快的社会习俗。

Lecture 22.（2）B. 这位不愿意透露姓名/身份的女士说，有位高僧告诉她，寺里大多数年轻僧人还未起床，他们熬夜看世界杯比赛，这些比赛要持续到后半夜。

C．In the village, anyway it is Lao Sun, the old chap, who is most deservedly a dab hand, for he can not only drive his horse-drawn cart, but ride on the horse, and even when he falls off the horseback, he is very much skilf ul: he would “click”to the ground with so clear a sound and so neat a move.(6) 在新加坡，数百艘商船抛锚停在港内，由于贸易萎缩而弃置不用/ 成了废物。