2014年上学期《 英汉互译教程》考试题型与复习资料

2013-2014翻译考试复习资料翻译练习：第一部分汉译英(短文)Exercise:1. 匆匆我不知道他们给了我多少日子，但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。

在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去；像针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音，也没有影子，我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸。

去的尽管去了，来的尽管来着；去来的中间，又怎么地匆匆呢？早上我起来的时候，小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。

太阳他有脚啊，轻轻悄悄地挪移了；我也茫茫然跟着旋转，于是-----洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去，我觉察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽时，他又从遮挽着的手边过去，天黑时，我躺在床上，他便伶伶俐俐地从我身上跨过，从我脚边飞去了。

等我睁开眼和太阳再见，这算又溜走了一日，我掩面叹息。

但是新来的日子的影儿又开始在叹息里闪过了。

在逃去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢？只有徘徊罢了，只有匆匆罢了；在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢？过去的日子如轻烟，被微风吹散了，如薄雾，被初阳蒸融了；我留着些什么痕迹呢？我何曾留着像游丝样的痕迹呢？我赤裸裸来到这世界，转眼间也将赤裸裸地回去吧？但不能平的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊Swallows may have gone, but there is a time of return; willow trees may have died back, but there is a time of renewal; peach blossoms may have fallen, but they will bloom again. Now , you the wise, tell me—why should our days leave us, never to return?—if they had been stolen by someone, who could it be? Where could it he hide them? If they had made the escape themselves, then where could they be hiding now?I don’t know how many days I have been given to spend, but I do feel my hands are getting empty. Taking stock silently, I find that more than eight thousand days have already slipped away form me. Like a drop of water from the point of a needle disappearing into the ocean, my days are dripping into the stream of time—soundless, traceless. Already sweat is beading on my forehead, and tears are welling up in my eyes.Those that have gone have gone for good, those to come keep coming; yet in between, how swift is the shift, in such a rush? When I get up in the morning, the slanting sun marks its presence in my small room in two or three oblongs. The sun has feet-look, he is treading, lightly and furtively; and I am caught, blankly, in his revolution. Thus- the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands, rubs off in the bowl when I eat my meal, and passes away before my day-dreaming gaze as I reflect in silence.I can feel his haste now, so I reach out my hands to hold him back, but he keeps flowing past my body, glides past my feet, in his agile way. The moment I open my eyes and meet the sun again, one whole day has gone. I bury my face in my hands and heave a sigh. But the new day begins to flash past in the sigh.What can I do, in this bustling world, with my days flying in their escape? Nothing but to hesitate, to rush. What have I been doing in that eight-thousand-day rush, apart from hesitating? Those bygone days have been dispersed as smoke by a light wind, or evaporated as mist by the morning sun. What traces have I left behind me? Have I ever left behind any gossamer traces at all? I have come to the world, stark naked; am I to go back, in a blink, in the same stark nakedness? It is not fair though: why should I have made such a trip for nothing.2. 浪漫一个小伙子暗恋着一个女孩。

2014年上学期期末考试题型1.Discuss the following topics: (本题共20分, 每小题5分)可从复习资料第一部分出题，是回答问题的题。

2. II Translate the following into Chinese or English: (本题共20分, 每小题2分) 可从复习资料第二至八部分出题，是回答问题的题。

III Translate the following passages into Chinese((本题共45分, 第1篇15分，第2篇15分，第3篇15分):可从复习资料的第九部分出题，是回答问题的题。

III Judge whether the following translations are True or False by filling in each of the brackets with T for True and F for False(本题共15分, 每小题2分)可从复习资料中出题供复习用翻译技巧课后练习一、回答问题1.何谓翻译？（开放式问题）2.翻译的过程是什么？3.翻译是技能、艺术还是科学？（开放式问题）4.翻译的标准是什么？5.一名合格翻译工作者应具备什么样的素质？（开放式问题）6.钱钟书先生关于文学翻译的标准是什么？二句子翻译练习，注意语境对翻译选词的影响[见第3章：英汉词义对比与翻译中根据语境选词]句子翻译练习：注意语境对翻译选词的影响1.After he had a row with his wife at home he had a row with his mistress on the lake.2.Needing some light to see by, the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade.3. Lead as an element that gets into your body is absorbed into the bones and thus does harm to your health.4. Child enrolment is also affected by household size, birth order, livestock ownership and the ability of the household to absorb economic shocks.5. You could tell he was absorbed in his conversation, and not paying much attention to the road.6. As luck would have it, no one was in the building when the explosion occurred.7. As luck would have it, there was rain on the day of the picnic.8. He made a wise choice.9. We went away, as wise as we came.10. People praised highly the hero’s glorious deeds.11. He had lied to me and made me the tool for his wicked deeds.12.Under the direction of the teachers, he has made great progress.13. Under the direction of Hitler and Mussolini, Franco started a civil war.14. For 15 years, Dr. Neil Todd has been searching for cats. Not big cats, like lions or tigers or pumas or leopards; nor fancy cats, like overbred Persians or Abyssinians or Siamese or Angoras. 15. They were washed to the sides of the roads, and lay heaped up over the road-gratings, masses of gorgeous harmonies in red, brown, and yellow.16. Don’t be such a spoilsport.17.他的女儿在山头上玩。

一、句子汉译英（本大题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分）请在答题卡上作答。

1.我厂生产的地毯图案新颖，色调雅致，美丽大方，富丽堂皇。

2.几乎所有的产品广告都是寻求利润的商业活动。

3.实用性——是否能满足某种需要或欲望？4.掌握产品说明的学问。

5.请勿在房间或走廊使用任何燃烧器皿取暖或煮食。

6.通常，每个公司都有一个以上的推销员销售某一种产品。

7.自1948年开始建立电视联播网以来，电视已成为主要的广告媒介。

8.海运提货单常常被认为是信用证所要求的最重要的凭证。

二、句子英译汉（本大题共7小题，每小题3分，共21分）请在答题卡上作答。

9. Make all members benefit from the globalization and New Economy by promoting capacitybuilding and exploring future opportunities.10. DDU11. CIF12. We have decided to launch our advertising on a national scale. The television Advertisements have been scheduled to start in December.13. The tins have been carefully packed in strong carton boxes to prevent damage in tlansit14. Either Party can terminate this Agreement by a three month notice in writing.15. The shipment from the manufacture to the shipping port shall only be effected by the seller within 45 days after the Seller's receipt of the Letter of Credit三、段落汉译英（本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分）请在答题卡上作答。

2014商英《翻译与写作》真题《回忆版》，1，英译汉（新东方《born to win》美文30篇第一篇《youth》（译文来自百度百科）YOUTH--- Samuel UllmanYouth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of sixty more than a boy of twenty. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.Whether sixty or sixteen, there is in every human being's heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing child-like appetite of what's next, and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the Infinite, so long are you young.When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you‘ve grown old, even at twenty, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch the waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at eighty.青春王佐良译青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙热的感情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。

四川大学翻译基础科目英汉互译真题OECD 经济合作与发展组织NASA 美国国家航空航天局IAEA 国际原子能机构ASEM 亚欧会议UNICEF 联合国儿童基金会ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟APEC 亚太经合组织IPR 知识产权CEPA 《关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排》Special Safeguard Mechanism 特殊保障机制Sub-prime Mortgage Crisis 次贷危机Free Trade Agreement 自由贸易协定Bonded warehouse 保税仓库Encyclopedia Britannica 大不列颠百科全书Binary opposition 二元对立《论语》The Analects《红楼梦》A Dream of Red Mansions扫黄打非eliminate pornography and illegal publications西部大开发large-scale development of western China高度自治high degree of autonomy发烧门诊fever clinic转基因食品genetically modified food小排量汽车small-displacement cars温室气体排放greenhouse gas emissions创业板ChiNext stock market中国特色的社会主义市场经济Socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics选秀talent show外交庇护diplomatic asylum稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy摸着石头过河wade across the stream by feeling the wayIOC 国际奥林匹克委员会（International Olympic Committee）CAAC中国民航（Civil Aviation Administration of China）CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议（Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference）NBA 全美篮球协会（National Basketball Association）UNEP 联合国环境规划署（United Nations Environment Programme）FBI美国联邦调查局（Federal Bureau of Investigation）purchasing power parity 购买力平价"三农"工作"Three agriculture" work伪娘crossdresser大规模杀伤性武器WMD(weapons of mass destruction)易经The Book of Changes京都议定书Kyoto Protocol经济适用房affordable housing中国达人秀China's Got Talentprinciple of common but differentiated responsibilities “共同但有区别责任”原则Strategic & Economic Dialogue战略与经济对话Non-Performing Loans不良贷款、到期未能偿还贷款Merger & Acquisition兼并与收购多边贸易体系multilateral trading system依法治国manage/run state affairs according to law可再生能源renewable energy西气东输、西电东送transmit natural gas from western areas to East China; West-East natural gas transmission projecttransmit the electricity from western areas to East China; West-East power transmission project亚奥理事会Olympic Council of Asia,简称OCA社会消费品零售总额total volume/sum/amount of social retail goods积极的财政政策active fiscal policyAfrican Union非洲联盟Fannie Mae& Freddie Mac 房利美和房地美MDGs 千年发展目标亚运会the Asian Games可再生资源Renewable Resources第十一届全国人民代表大会第三次会议11 th National People's Congress third meeting凯程教育：凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。

郭著章李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解（⽂化与翻译）【圣才出品】第8章⽂化与翻译8.1 复习笔记第1节概述⼀、⽂化概念1. ⼴义⽂化⼴义论者认为：⽂化是个⼏乎⽆所不包的⼤范围、⼤概念，既有属于物质领域的，也有属于意识形态领域的。

据此⼴义定义，美国著名翻译理论家尤⾦·奈达将语⾔⽂化特性分为五类：(1) Ecology⽣态学；(2) Material Culture物质⽂化；(3) Social Culture社会⽂化；(4) Religious Culture宗教⽂化；(5) Linguistic Culture语⾔⽂化。

2. 狭义⽂化狭义论者却认为⽂化只指精神⽂明，这是中外⼤多数⼈⽐较⼀致的看法。

⼆、翻译与⽂化关系1. 任何翻译都离不开⽂化。

历来有经验的译者或翻译研究者都⽐较注意⽂化与翻译的关系。

2.在学习⼀种语⾔的过程中认真研究与该语⾔相关联的⽂化，⼤量的⽂化信息可以等值传递，这就是两种⽂化共性的东西。

与两种⽂化的差异相联的内容构成了翻译中的难题，这种难题任何译者都会经常遇到。

第2节⼤众审美⼼理与⼴告翻译⼀、⼤众审美⼼理与⼴告翻译的关系审美⼼理是⼀种综合的⽂化意识，涉及到政治观点、宗教观念、⽣活⽅式和风俗习惯等各个⽅⾯，⼤众审美⼼理更是如此；⽽⼴告⼜是⼀种⾯对⼤众的重要宣传⼿段，本⾝就是⼀种重要的社会⽂化，它不仅要遵循社会⽂化习惯和投合⼤众审美⼼理，⽽且在影响和形成社会⽂化和审美⼼理⽅⾯起着重要作⽤。

⼆、翻译⽅法1. 熟悉外族⽂化，了解异域⼈民审美⼼理；否则的话，就会在出⼝商品的商标翻译中出现败笔。

如：“蜜蜂”牌洗澡⾹皂被直译为“Bees”，看来也是完全对应的英译，但英⽂读者却不欢迎这个译名，因为蜜蜂⾝上有⼏乎看不见的绒刺，擦在⾝上⾃然感觉不到舒服。

2. 为向译⽂读者忠实地转达原⽂信息，有时要作适当的⽂化转换。

如：“⽟兔”这⼀商标为什么英译成“Moon Rabbit”⽽不译成“Jade Rabbit”?原因在于：“⽟兔”乃我国神话中陪伴吴刚⽣活在⽉宫桂花树下的兔⼦，因此，它⼜成为⽉的代称。

第1章翻译概述1.1 复习笔记第1节翻译自学方法和译者合格条件一、翻译自学方法掌握必要翻译知识和理论，进行大量实践阅读翻译理论书籍、期刊，进行名著翻译实践、阅读翻译技巧书籍、浏览翻译网站等。

二、译者合格条件（一）外文水平高有些原文在特定情况下有特定译法，不能一概而论。

要特别重视基本功的训练。

1. (Just) imagine (it).【译文】不可能/想不到/没想到【解析】≠把它想象一下吧。

2. I’ll buy it.【译文】我不懂。

/我答不出。

/请告诉我。

【解析】≠我将买它。

（二）中文水平高母语好是理解和表达的需要。

理解指汉译英时理解汉语原文，表达指英译汉时可用好的汉语来表达。

（三）知识面广1. John can be relied on, he eats no fish and plays the game.【译文】约翰为人可靠，他既诚实又正直。

【解析】需要英国历史典故方面的知识。

2. The Security Council has been seized of the question since then.【译文】安理会自那时以来就一直受理这个问题。

【解析】需要国际法方面的知识。

3. Nyaungu was actually the boundary between the two Japanese divisions.【译文】良字实际上是日军两个师的结合部。

【解析】需要地理、军事等方面的知识。

（四）政治觉悟高这一点在决定用词褒贬时要特别注意。

1. the peasant uprisings in the history of China【译文】中国历史上的农民起义【解析】不能根据英国的ALD及其香港出的汉译翻成“中国历史上的农民叛乱(或叛变)”，而应译为“农民起义”。

2. The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent.【译文】敌人杀害了我们一位同志，我们宰了一个敌特。

2014年11月CATTI二级真题英译汉Passage1【第4组做】（说明：文中的第一译文为CATTI考试中心的参考译文，阴影部分为老师的说明和翻译，并附两位学生的部分译文）The region around the Belgian city of Waterloo is busily preparing to commemorate the 200th of one of the major battles in European military history in 2015.//But weaving a path through the preparations is proving almost as tricky as making one's way across the battlefield back then, when the Duck of Wellington, as commander of an international alliance of forces, crushed Napoleon.weavetwist and turn from side to side while moving somewhere in order to avoid obstructions迂回穿行He had to weave his way through the crowds.他不得不在人群中穿行。

tricky:(of a task, problem, or situation) requiring care and skill because difficult or awkward（任务，问题，情况）需细心和技巧的，难对付的比利时滑铁卢市地区的人们正在紧锣密鼓地筹备定于2015年举行的欧洲军事史上一次重大战役二百年的纪念活动。

【翻译难点：名词术语翻译；厘清时间关系与逻辑关系】【另译：2015年将迎来欧洲军事史上一项重要的200周年战争纪念活动，比利时滑铁卢市地区的人们正在紧锣密鼓地筹备这次活动。

《英汉翻译》考试练习题及答案一、填空题1. 严复在《天演论•译例言》中提出“译事三难”的三字标准：“译事三难：（）。

求其信已大难矣！顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉。

”严复的“三字标准”涵盖翻译方法、翻译过程、翻译效果等堪称一个翻译理论体系。

答案：信、达、雅2. 1964年,奈达博士在《翻译科学初探》Toward a Science of Translation 一书中针对"形式对等(Functional Equivalence)翻译";提出了（）" 翻译".答案：动态对等(Dynamic Equivalence)3. 一般认为,翻译过程包括两个阶段:正确理解(accurate comprehension)和（）.答案：充分表达(adequate representation)二、成语解释1.pull one’s leg答案：开玩笑，戏弄某人2. castle in the air答案：空中楼阁3.eat one’s words答案：收回前言(承认说错)4. to teach a pig to play on a flute答案：教猪吹笛5. have an axe to grind答案：别有用心6.a bolt from the blue答案：晴天霹雳7. Walls have ears.答案：隔墙有耳8. In the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is King.答案：盲人国里，独眼人称王9. Like father, like son.答案：有其父必有其子三、英译汉1.A Fiat slowly nosed its way out into the fast lane.答案：一辆“菲亚特”慢慢离开慢车道，驶进快车道。

2. If you try to cover up your misdeed with a fig leaf, you’ll only make it more conspicuous.答案：你要是想用遮羞布掩盖你的罪行，那只能是欲盖弥彰。

2014年12月四级汉译英真题解析2014年12月四级考试汉译英段落涉及互联网、大熊猫、旅游等话题，内容和词汇的难度都适中，翻译时考生需要注意采用正确的翻译技巧，灵活连接汉语分句，正确处理重复信息，适度采用亮点句型，斩获四级汉译英高分。

1. 汉语分句的连接汉语的复句往往由多个分句构成，分句之间仅用逗号隔开。

英语注重形合，意义关联的句子需要通过从句、非谓语结构等方式紧密连接起来。

汉译英可采用从句来连接分句，也可用-ing分词等非谓语动词来连接。

此外，将汉语中的分句转变为名词短语或介词短语也是常用的连接分句的方法。

例1：美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使，用互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、规划旅程或付款。

译文：American netizens are more often driven by practical needs, resorting to the internet to send e-mails, buy and sell goods, plan trips or pay for bills.点评：本句由两个分句构成，后面的分句起到了补充说明的作用，在英语中可以采用-ing分词结构来翻译。

例2：中国网民更多是出于社交原因使用互联网，因而更广泛地使用QQ、聊天室等。

译文1：Chinese netizens go online for social purposes, using the social media such as QQ and chat-rooms.译文2：Chinese netizens use the internet for social purposes, with the wider use of the social media such as QQ and chat-rooms.点评：本句由两个分句构成，后面的分句是前面的结果，也可以视为是具体说明部分，同样可以采用-ing分词结构来翻译，如译文1做示。

2014英语翻译基础真题和部分答案（回忆版）2014年广东外语外贸大学研究生入学考试英语翻译基础一、短语翻译（30分）1，十八届三中全会2，国家民族事务委员会3，中国地震局4，主管部门5，玩忽职守6，徇私舞弊7，以……为把手8，国际会议口译员协会9，绿化覆盖面积10，行政问责制11，暂行规定12，一站式服务13，国际惯例14，得寸进尺15，《西厢记》16，National Council for US-China Trade17，Special United Nations Fund for Economic Development 18，The Baltimore Sun19，court of first instance20，underwriting contract21，licensee of a patent22，China-EU maritime transport agreement23，venture capital24，The Great Depression25，strategic agility26，occupational health and safety27，low-end processing28，information asymmetry29，diamonds cut diamonds30, The Catcher in the Rye二、英译中关于秘鲁前副总统劳尔·迭斯·坎塞科Raul Diez Canseco Terry的一篇简介，难度不大但是篇幅较长，人名和学校名都给出了注释，地名要自己翻译。

这里要注意：今年中英和英中的文章都增加了长度,完全没有时间打草稿，长度参照二笔真题。

下文并非原题，长度也略短，但有部分信息与原题重合，已加粗标明。

RAUL DIEZ CANSECO TERRY: THE ENTREPRENEURMr. Diez-Canseco, a Peruvian citizen, founded the preparatory academy ”San Ignacio de Loyola”40 year ago and became its Executive Director in 1970. In 1995, he co-founded the“Universidad San Ignacio de Lo yola” and was elected Chairman of the Board of the holding organization; “Organizacion San Ignacio de Loyola.” In 1983, Mr. Diez- Canseco co-founded the “Instituto Superior Te cnologico”, and in 1990 founded “San Ignacio de Recalde” school.The organization expanded internationally, and in 1993 “San Ignacio de Loyola School” was established in Asuncion, Paraguay. Raul Diez-Canseco passion and commitment to education was a decisi ve factor in bringing the “Junior Achievement” organization to Peru in 1996. Mr. Diez-Canseco is currently a shareholder of the Junior Achievement organization and sits on its Board of Directors.The Escuela de Chefs has been preparing culinary arts andbaking and pastry professionals for over 10 years. Excellent reputation, outstanding professionals and facilities made possible to partner with internationally recognized culinary schools such us Institut Paul Bocuse in Lyon, France; Hofmann Hotel Management School in Barcelona, Spain, and Apicius International School of Hospitality in Florence, Italy. These international partnerships allow San Ignacio students to participate in more culturally diverse experiences and expose them to the highly competitive business world.The Escuela de Chefs in Lima opened “Restaurante Don Ignacio”, th e first student run restaurant in Peru. At Restaurante Don Ignacio, students prepare and present international cuisine plates under the guidance and tutelage of some of the most highly trained chefs in the business.Over the past 30 years, Raul Diez-Canseco has been a pioneer in bringing world-famous restaurants and entertainment franchises to Peru, including Chili’s,Se?or Frog’s, Carlos & Charlie’s, Cosmic Bowling, Pizza Hut, Ke ntucky Fried Chicken, and Burger King. He was also the first entrepreneur to bring the concept of “home-delivery” to Peru.Apart from his entrepreneurial endeavors, Raul Diez-Canseco has been involved in the political arena, serving as a political advisor for several years before being elected vice-president of the Republic of Peru in the year 2001. He has also written several books on politics and continues to contribute articles to major Peruvian newspapers.Above everything, Raul Diez-Canseco is a dedicated advocate for the economic and cultural advancement of Peru. He firmly believes that education is the only path to upward mobility, both individually and as a society. He can tell countlesstriumphant stories of students -from a variety of social and economic status- who have become successful professionals, politicians, business owners and educators, all working to raise the standard of living of Peruvians.三、中译英是翻译《天衢丹阙：老北京风物图卷》的序言，以下是原题内容：首都北京，是国家历史文化名城，世界著名古都。

2014年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及答案2014年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及答案（英译汉）发表时间：2014-11-14 点击量：6816Part 1：English-Chinese Translation 第一部分：英译汉Passage 1 第一篇【参考译文】W ATERLOO, Belgium—The region around this Belgian cityis busily preparing to commemorate the 200th anniversary in 2015 of one of themajor battles in European military history. But weaving a path through thepreparations is proving almost as tricky as making one’s way across the battlefield was back then, when the Duke ofWellington, as commander of an international alliance of forces, crushedNapoleon.比利时滑铁卢——2015年，这座比利时小镇热闹非凡，人们正在紧锣密鼓地筹备滑铁卢战役200周年的纪念活动。

滑铁卢战役是欧洲军事史上重大战役之一。

在筹备现场迂回行进，其难度决不亚于在滑铁卢战场上奋勇前进。

当时，联军统帅威灵顿公爵击败了拿破仑。

A rambling though dilapidated farmsteadcalled Hougoumont, which was crucial to the battle’s outcome, is beingpainstakingly restored as an educational center. Nearby, an underground visitorcenter is under construction, and roads and monuments throughout the rollingfarmland where once the sides fought are being refurbished. More than 6,000military buffs are expected to re-enact individual skirmishes.霍高蒙特决定了滑铁卢战役的结局。

2014年东华大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．statutory law正确答案：成文法2．presumption of innocence正确答案：无罪推定3．party to a contract正确答案：合同当事人4．intangible assets正确答案：无形资产5．CPA正确答案：注册会计师6．asset portfolio正确答案：资产组合7．spring couplets正确答案：春联8．the Chinese zodiac正确答案：生肖9．bonsai正确答案：盆景10．acupuncture正确答案：针灸：针刺疗法11．negligent homicide正确答案：过失杀人12．circumstantial evidence正确答案：间接证据；旁证13．V AT正确答案：增值税14．quasi-fiscal deficit正确答案：准财政赤字15．filial piety正确答案：孝道；孝顺汉译英16．文房四宝正确答案：the “scholar’s four jewels”(writing brush, ink stick, ink slab and paper)17．礼仪之邦正确答案：a state of ceremonies18．甲骨文正确答案：Oracle19．天人合一正确答案：the theory that man is an integral part of nature20．山水画正确答案：landscape painting; mountains-and-waters painting 21．控方证人正确答案：prosecuting witness22．社会保障制度正确答案：social security system23．资产负债表正确答案：balance sheet24．国民生产总值正确答案：(GNP) Gross National Product25．信托投资公司正确答案：trust and investment corporation26．上市公司正确答案：listed company27．文艺工作正确答案：work in the literary and artistic field; cultural and art work 28．大同社会正确答案：Universal Society29．中庸正确答案：The Golden Mean30．儒释道正确答案：Confucianism; Buddhism and Taoism英汉互译英译汉31． A child’s world is fresh and new and beautiful, full of wonder and excitement. It is our misfortune that for most of us that clear-eyed vision, that true instinct of what is beautiful and awe-inspiring, is dimmed or even lost before we reach adulthood. If I had influence with the good fairy who is supposed to preside over the christening of all children I should ask that her gift to each child in the world be a sense of wonder so indestructible that it would last throughout life, as an unfailing antidote against the boredom and disenchantments of later years, the sterile preoccupation with things that are artificial, the alienation from the sources of our strength. If a child is to keep alive his inborn sense of wonder without any such gift from the fairies, he needs the companionship of at least one adult who can share it, rediscovering with him the joy, excitement of mystery of the world we live in. Parents often have a sense of inadequacy when confronted on the hand with eager, sensitive child mind of a child and on the other with a world of complex physical nature, inhabited by a life so various and unfamiliar that it seems hopeless to reduce it to order and knowledge. In a mood of self-defeat, they exclaim, “How can I possibly teach my child about nature—why, I don’t even know one bird from another!”I sincerely believe that for the child, and for the parent seeking to guide them, it is not half so important to know as to feel. If facts are the seeds that later produce knowledge and wisdom, then the emotions and the impressions of the senses are the fertile soil in which the seeds must grow. The years of early childhood are the time to prepare the soil. Once the emotions have been aroused—a sense of the beautiful, the excitement of the new and the unknown, a feeling of sympathy, pity, admiration or love—then we wish for knowledge about the object of our emotional response. Once found, it has lasting meaning. It is more important to pave the way for the child to want to know than to put him on a diet of facts he is not ready to assimilate. (From The Instinct for the Beautiful by Rachel Louise Carson)正确答案：儿童的世界新奇而美丽，充满了惊异和兴奋。

2014年上海外国语大学翻译真题汉译英倘使我们一检查中国民族，可发见一下优劣之点。

在劣的方面，我们可以举出，政治的贪污，社会纪律之缺乏，科学工业之落后，思想与生活方面留存极幼稚野蛮的痕迹，缺乏团队组织团体治事的本领，好敷衍不澈底之根性。

在优的方面，我们可以举出历史的悠久继长，文化的统一，美术的发达（尤其是诗词，书画，建筑，磁器），种族上生机之强壮，耐劳，幽默，聪明，对文士之尊敬，热烈的爱好山水及一切自然景物，家庭上之亲谊，及对人生目的比较确切的认识。

在中立的方面我们可以举出守旧性，容忍性，和平主义，及实际主义。

此四者本来都是健康的征点，但是守旧易致于落伍，容忍则易于妥洽，和平主义或者由于体魄上的懒于奋斗，实际主义则凡是缺乏理想，缺乏热诚。

统观上述，可见中国民族特征的性格大多属于阴的，静的，消极的，适宜一种和平坚忍的文化，而不适宜于进取外展的文化。

此种民性，可以“老成温厚”四字包括起来。

中国的人文主义者，自信对于人生真义问题已得解决。

自中国人的眼光看来，人生的真义，不在于死后来世，因为基督教所谓此生所以待毙；中国人不能了解，也不在于涅槃，因为这太玄虚；也不在于建树勋业，因为这太浮泛；也不在于“为进步而进步”因为这是毫无意义。

所以人生真义这个问题，久为西洋哲学家宗教家的悬案，中国热恩以只求实际的头脑，却解决的十分畅明，其答案就是在于享受淳朴生活，尤其是家庭生活的快乐（如父母俱存兄弟无故等），及在于五伦的和睦。

木从碧山来，山月随人归，或是云淡风轻近午天，傍花随柳过前川，这样淡朴的快乐，自中国人看来，不仅是代表含有诗意之片刻心境，乃为人生追求幸福的目标。

得达此境，一切泰然。

这种人生理想并非如何高尚，也不能满足哲学家玄虚的追求，但是却来得十分实在。

愚见这是一种异常简单的理想，因其异常简单，所以非中国人的实事求是的头脑想不出来，而且有时使我们诧异，这样简单的答案，西洋人何以想不出来。

鄙见中国与欧洲之不同，即欧洲人发明可享乐之事务日新月异，却较少有消受享乐的能力，而中国人在单纯的环境中，据有消受享乐之能力与决心。

英汉翻译复习题英汉翻译复习题Roman jakobson三种翻译类型语内翻译：指同一个语言当中用一些语言符号解释另一些语言符号。

（例如古文翻译成现代文）语际翻译:两种语言之间的翻译。

用另一种语言的语言符号来解释一种语言的符号。

（英汉、汉英）符际翻译：通过非语言的符号系统解释另一种语言符号或用语言符号解释非语言符号Alexsander traser tytler 论翻译的三项原则译文应完全腹泻出原作的思想译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同译文应和原作同样流畅第一章翻译的基础知识篇If you say that someone has a skeleton in the closet, or in British English a skeleton in the cupboard, you mean that they are keeping secret a bad or embarrassing fact about themselves. 我昨天才听说他们家大儿子坐过两次牢。

真不知道他们家还有多少见不得人的事情。

（意译）?Dear Mark,New York is finally getting a real sales manager. Congratulations on your new promotion.Your marketing ability has put you well above everyone else in the company, and probably everyone else in the industry.The company will benefit from the enthusiasm and intelligence you’ve always shown, and I imagine that before long you’ll be moving the whole firm into the number-one position. [Version] 亲爱的马克:纽约终于有了位真正的销售(部)经理，祝贺你(的)又一次高升。