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Unit 5参考译文Text A空气中什么引起肺癌？许多人认为空气污染能会导致癌症，但是到目前为止仍缺少证据。
上个月，世界卫生组织的癌症分支—国际癌症研究会声称，空气污染是一种致癌因素。
尽管医生和其他人长期凭直觉地认为差的空气质量和恶性肿瘤有关系，但是几乎没有科学组织官方地承认这种关系。
也就是说，证据不足。
致癌因素这个新的名称是以发表在《柳叶刀肿瘤学》杂志上的大量分析资料为基础的。
“ESCAPE”（空气污染效应的欧洲队列研究）试验从九个欧洲国家中对312000余人进行了历时12年之久的随访登记资料中得到数据。
调查者用了几个模型来评估空气中颗粒的大小、类型、密度或者交通方式与肺癌患病的可能性之间的关系。
他们检查了可能混淆数据的社会和经济因素，比如每人的水果消费量、年龄、性别和教育水平，并且评估了吸烟习惯。
在研究群体中一共出现了2095例肺癌患者。
调查者发现，从一个人居所周围抽样得到的空气中颗粒物质的数量和患肺癌的可能性有明显的正相关。
他们还发现，一个人家周围的道路交通车流量和患肺癌的几率有较弱但是有统计学意义的关联。
哥伦比亚大学环境卫生科学的教授Regina Santella说：“这是一个很重要的陈述/观点？”。
她认为，国际癌症研究机构决定的不寻常之处是，它指的是总体的空气污染，而不是特指一种具体的化学物质或者毒素，“这样公众容易理解”。
Santella说：“确切地讲，空气中的物质每天都会变化，在同一城市和邻里之间它都会不同”。
这是一个复杂的问题，因为空气污染包括大量的化合物。
潜在的有害化学物质从城市里汽车、卡车、工业厂房和农村地区燃烧的树叶以及其他来源进入空气。
污染物不仅仅因化学成分而不同，也区别于他们的大小和进入下呼吸道的能力。
“比如，你可能想了解那些直径小于2.5微米的颗粒。
这些空气传播的微小物质是导致健康问题的主要因素，” Santella 如是说。
美国毒理学项目目前没有把空气污染列入肺癌和其他癌症的病因。
新编大学英语综合教程Unit 5Differences between American and Chinese Classes课后练习答案vocabulary and StructureⅠ. The prefix "re-" means "do again", usually added to verb, Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word from the list. Change the form if necessary.Ⅰ. 前缀“re-”的意思是“重做,改做,再来一次”，通常加在动词的后面，用列表中适当的单词填空。
必要时更改表格。
replace rebuild rediscover replayrepay retell recycle review1. The desk is worn, please ____ it with another one for me. worn 用坏的;用旧的;疲惫的。
穿;戴。
wear的过去分词replace 代替; 取代; 替换; 接替; 更换; 更新这张桌子坏了，请给我换一张2. Let us ____ the facts. Review. 让我们回顾一下事实。
3. Please ____ the fairy story in English. retellfairy 英[ˈfeəri]n. (故事中的) 小仙人，仙子，小精灵.请用英语复述这篇童话故事。
4. They ____ empty tins so as to use the metal.recycletin 英[tɪnz]锡;罐;白铁桶;罐装物metal 英[ˈmetl]n.金属v.用金属做;用金属包;用碎石筑（路）。
他们回收空罐头盒以利用其金属。
5. He ____ the tape so that we can understand more clearly. replay 重赛;重放。
Unit1Vocabulary1.1) allot2) go through fire and water3) reside4) sobbed5) made no mention of6) sacrifice7) came upon8) rhythm9) volume10) something of a2.1) I stayed on as an assistant professor.2) I hold it to my ear because I want to hear time tick away.3) The salary is not wonderful, but the duties are light.4) The moral of the lesson is not to talk to strangers.5) Yes, but it cannot hold a candle to Huangshan.3.1) The nasty smell from the kitchen made her stomach churn.2) When she sank into drunkenness, she was able to forget her sorrow.3) In the 1,500 meters, Martin and Parker came first and third respectively.4) The two hills Shunner Fell from the north and Lovely Seat from the south flank the famous Butter Tubs Pass.5) Levi, in gratitude to Joshua, gave a party for him.4.1) Ambition ambition regardless of2) discourse by way of3) is engraved inward 5.1) have come upon / across2) had come out3) come on / up4) came across5) comes down to6) came around / to7) comes to8) came through9) came up with10) comes upUsage1) the Wilsons2) Mark Twain3) Annie Johnsons4) another Winston Churchill5) a Mrs. Burton6) a Budweiser7) A Monet8) an old FordCloze 1.1) go through fire and water2) salary3) give4) no peace5) sink into6) ambition7) By way of8) expressive9) churned10) engraved11) not hold a candle to12) inward2.1) Success2) literacy3) significantly4) promoting5) appropriate6) too7) later8) repetition9) invented10) lessTranslationAlthough my grandmother was illiterate, she had a good stock of myths and legends. When I was young I gave her no peace, constantly asking her to tell me stories. After she had finished her housework, she would lift me onto her lap and tell stories, all the while rocking me in rhythm.Having noticed my interest in stories, my parents lost no time in initiating me into reading. They bought many storybooks with illustrations, and whenever free, they would read these stories to me over and over again. By and by I had a vocabulary large enough to read on my own.Unit2Vocabulary1.1) appetite2) destructive3) agency4) processed5) saturated6) utter7) hoisted8) referring to9) retrieve10) Unfortunately2.1) Peter was chasing the dog and Tom was riding the wooden horse in the garden.2) They all looked on except one young man. He took her to the hospital instantly.3) I laid charges against the company and won the case.4) If we want to stay competitive, first of all we need to modernize our factory.5) They got irrigation water from the dammed rivers.3.1) Except in the oases the desert is almost devoid of vegetation, although some stunted, thorny shrubs grow in the western Sahara.2) The fruits growing wild in the coastal forest are edible.3) The national security agency made recommendations for improving safety standards in airplanes / to improve safety standards in airplanes.4) The Beatles enjoyed success on a scale unparalleled by any previous pop group.5) The emergence of language was a defining factor in the evolution of modern humans.4.1) Excluding packaged to boost / of boosting2) comes second to infected with traces of3) vegetarian are bred slaughtered ideal reduction5.1) get over2) got to3) get through4) get over5) get by6) get away7) got in8) get … out9）get along10）get away withUsage1. sing a pop song2. died a miserable death3. live a harmonious life4. Breathing a deep breath5. dreamed a bad dream6. smiled a bitter smile7. a hard fight to fight8. sleep a troubled sleep Cloze 1.1) exclude2) stubborn3) devoid of4) bow to5) potent6) drawbacks7) contaminating8) heightened9) infected10) come second to 2.1) consumption2) between3) packed4) evident5) population6) encouraging7) grave8) against9) criticize10) itself TranslationStudy after study has uncovered the fact that there is a close correlation between food and a number of chronic diseases. For example, a decreased risk of certain chronic diseases is associated with an increased consumption ofplant-based foods. Therefore, in the past decade, the American Dietetic Association has urged Americans to reduce their intake of animal fats, and to boost consumption of fruits, vegetables, and grains. Meanwhile, the United States Department of Agriculture has released a document containing the food guide pyramid, which encourages a minimum of three vegetable and two fruit servings per day. However, many Americans still don't meet / listen to these recommendations.Unit3Vocabulary1.1) invitation2) eloquent3) concede4) contradictory5) conceals6) guilty7) generalize8) get caught in9) for now10) as a last resort2.1) Non-smoking area. John's very intolerant of people who smoke.2) She is an interesting character, and a bit of a mystery to me.3) Because it does not reveal their marital status.4) We are planning on trekking through the Malaysian Rainforest.5) He muttered something under his breath that I couldn't understand.6) They may need to wear protective rubber gloves and clothing.7) The chairperson said sometimes unemployment tempted the youth into criminal activities.8) Though she never admitted it, the look on her face when I mentioned James' name gave her away.3.1) Throughout history, people have been intrigued by the question of whether there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.2) The hill farmers' lot has never been easy and in recent years has been assailed by a series of major crises.3) As most people in his family, Grey is a great talker when he's in the mood to talk.4) Few people find it necessary to condemn white lies on the grounds that they are not real lies.5) All the evidence of your qualifications and skills that backs up the claims you make in your résumé should be included.4.1) In general that irritates arrogant2) adamant never indulge in absurd a romantic3) be aware nonetheless acceptable to5.1) go around / round2) Go for3) went off4)go on5) is going on6) go about7) go along8) go through9) go by10) go overUsage1. was being careful with his words.2. was being polite and ate quite a bit.3. was getting impatient waiting for the waiter to come around.4. are being stupid because they run the risk of being caught and expelled from school.5. He was being a coward.6. was being a nuisance when he complained.7. I'm being serious.Cloze 1.1) go along2) honesty3) straightforward4) indulge in5) What about6) dodge7) assert8) absurd9) resort10) juggle2.1) asserting2) go along3) because4) part5) Mistakes6) exceptions7) end8) resort9) dying10) freedomTranslationThe new president of our university disapproves of the idea that we should be allowed to tell lies under certain circumstances. He believes that if people get used to telling any kind of lie, they will indulge themselves and eventually be stuck with the bad habit. To tell or not to tell a lie can sometimes become a very sticky issue, but our president insists on the notion that nobody in the world of education should dodge the responsibility of attaching primary importance to honesty while teaching the young. I agree with him. What about you?Unit4Vocabulary1.1) for myself2) concluded3) infinite4) internal5) misery6) mode7) ventured8) visible9) observation10) commended2.1) I lay in bed feeling thoroughly wretched.2) It is fragrant with the smell of apple blossom.3) They are fine specimens of the veteran revolutionaries.4) I'd like to enroll in the modern art course if it is not too late.5) The taste is slightly bitter, and it has a strange odor.3.1. The scheme does nothing to help families on low incomes and is sure to provoke / call forth / draw / arouse criticism.2. Jenny is terribly uncertain as to whether Bob is the right boy for her.3. These goods bear no resemblance to those I saw printed in the advertisements.4. In China, where black hair and black eyes are the norm, her blond hair and blue eyes are rather conspicuous.5. We did not have time for a rehearsal before the performance because of the delay of our flight.4.1) an energetic ardent The investigation a wretched To leave them to their own devices2) entrusted explicit did not commend itself to look him in the face turning to3) my subsequent The latter part with with reluctance5.1) turned to2) turn … down3) turn up4) turned out5) turned …over6) turned on7) turned away8) turns out9) turned in10) turning inWords1）come2) Come …bring bring3) take taken4) went went going5）went came6) take7) bring8) come9) brought10) went/cameCloze 1.1) Enrolling2) specimen3) leave him to his own devices4) investigation5) By and by6) content with7) entrusted8) reluctance9) infectious10) observation11) mode12) grounded in2.1) known2) only3) doing4) assistance5) assignment6) simply7) But8) turned9) singled10) becauseTranslationWhen I enrolled in Math 202, I anticipated difficulties because I was not well grounded in mathematics in high school. The course was taught by Professor Richardson, a fine specimen of an old-fashioned gentleman, very cordial to his students. However, when it came to academic matters, he was by no means an easy person. Before he started his lecture, he discoursed enthusiastically on theimportance of working in an orderly fashion, of being thoroughly prepared before each class, and of not being content with what you have learned. His attitude towards work was infectious, and by and by I became an ardent math lover, too. Unit5Vocabulary1.1）percentage2)Zone3)warmth4)diverse5)widen6)look around7)in the face of8)in perspective9)temperate10)theoretical2.1) Its profits shrank from $5 million to $1.25 million in the last global financial crisis.2) They will have to adhere to the cultural norms of the organization in order to be successful with their database project.3) My hometown is/lies halfway in between Salk Lake City and Denver.4) I saw waves battering against) the rocks at the bottom of the cliff.5) Flood waters washed away the only bridge connecting the village to the outside world.3.1) Your report on the new car park is fine, but why don't you beef it up with some figures?2) There is a wide variation among Internet providers in cost, features, software, reliability and customer service.3) Poverty is one of the reasons for the high incidence of crime in this neighborhood.4) I suggested we sing and dance for the elderly people in the nursing home, and all my roommates were in favor of my idea.5) Doctors who are compelled to work 36 hours at a stretch cannot possibly be fully efficient.4.1) is attributed to diverse the scary are dying off2) from esteemed trigger overwhelming3) melting throwing into turmoil be magnified going up5.1) think back to / on2)think … over3)thought of4)think of… as5) think up1) picked up2) picked out3) picked up4) picked on5) picks atWord 1.1) contaminated2) contaminate3) contamination4) uncontaminated2.1) habitable2) habitation3) inhabit4) uninhabited5) uninhabitable6) inhabitedCloze 1.1) beef up2) coastal3) in favour of4) residents5) theoretical6) disastrous7) battered8) shrinking9) migrate10) washed away11) Scary12) humanity2.1) predicting2) accuracy3) basis4) collide5) atmosphere6) melts7) affected8) actions9) striving10) technologiesTranslationMost scientists no longer doubt that the world is warming up and that humanity has altered climate. They agree that the long-term effects of global warming will be disastrous for the planet and its inhabitants. What is more, climate change won't be a smooth transition to a warmer world. Some regions will be greatly affected by abrupt climate changes. Enormous areas of densely populated land like coastal Florida would become uninhabitable. Hundreds of millions ofresidents would have to migrate to safer regions. Therefore, it is no surprise that global warming has made its way onto the agenda of world leaders.。
Unit6 Grant and Lee格兰特和李1865年4月9日，当尤利西兹·S·格兰特和罗伯特·E·李在弗吉尼亚州阿珀马特科斯县城一所不太大的房子的客厅里会面，商讨李所率的北弗吉尼亚军队投降条件时，美国人生活中一个伟大的篇章结束了，一个崭新的重要篇章开始了。
此二人是在实质上终止内战。
诚然，其他军队尚未投降，已失去主要支柱的逃亡的邦联政府仍将绝望地徒然挣扎数日，想法寻觅生机。
其实，在格兰特和李签署文件之时，一切都已结束。
他们拟定投降条件时用的那间小客厅成了见证美国史上强烈的戏剧性对照的场所。
这两位截然不同的将军都是强有力的人物，他们代表着两股相互冲突的力量的潮流，那两股潮流通过他们最终发生碰撞。
罗伯特·E·李所仰仗的信念是，古老的贵族观念或许能以某种方式继续存在下去，并左右美国人的生活。
李是弗吉尼亚州沿海低地人氏，他的生活背景是家庭、文化、传统……，是被移植到这个正在形成自身的传说与神话的新世界的骑士时代。
他体现了从骑士和英格兰乡绅时代流传下来的一种生活方式。
美国是个一切从头开始的国度，信奉的只不过是一种颇为模糊的信念，即人人拥有平等的权利，在世间应有平等的机会，如此而已。
在这样一个国度里，李代表着这样一种情感，即社会结构中保留一种明显的不平等多少有利于人类社会。
理应存在一个拥有土地的有闲阶级；反过来，社会本身应以土地为本，视其为财富与势力的主要来源。
（根据这一理想）这样一个社会会造就一个对社会有着强烈责任感的阶级，他们不是为自己获利活着，而是为了承担自己的特权所赋予的重大责任活着。
国家从他们中觅得领导人员；国家可依靠他们产生更加高尚的价值观念——思想方面的，行为方面的，个人风度方面的—以求国兴德盛。
李体现了这一贵族理想的最高尚的部分。
拥有土地的贵族通过他获得存在的理由。
四年间，南方各州拼死战斗，以捍卫李所代表的理想。
到后来，南部邦联似乎是为李而战；李本人似乎就是南部邦联……似乎是南部邦联所代表的生活方式能提供的菁华。
BOOK 1 - Unit 5 - Language Focus - Vocabulary1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.1. A [monthly] statement is a general term for a personalized financial record that regularly informs a recipient about the status of his or her account. It is generally mailed to the recipient on or near the same day each month.2. Over a hundred children came to the annual Christmas party which was a good opportunity for them to gather and renew [acquaintances].3. My parents' marriage was a [classic] of its time —those years of the so-called cultural revolution, with no wedding ceremony and no honeymoon.4. Having failed in the examination, Owen didn't dare [look] his father [in the eye].5. Britain still has a bicycle industry; frames and complete bicycles are [manufactured] here, though most of the components are imported.6. The employees of the company are treated right with handsome paychecks and stock [options].7. San Francisco is one of the largest cities in California and a leading center of culture, [finance], and industry in the United States.8. Steve announced just now that he was leaving, but the coach had already started looking around for a [replacement] weeks before.9. Shortly after he learned of the earthquake, the man hurried back to his hometown, searching high and low to find out whether his parents had [survived] the calamity (灾难).10. I was listening for Grace's voice, but it wasn't easy to [pick] it [out] among all the others.11. The survey reveals that an increasing number of young people claim they enjoy [married] life.12. Someone [grabbed at] the letter I was reading. Looking up, I was delightfully surprised to find that it was my former classmate.2. Rewrite each sentence with the word or phrase in brackets, keeping the same meaning. The first part has been written for you.1. An eight-month-old baby girl was the sole survivor of a car crash that killed both her parents. (survive)Only an eight-month-old baby girl[survived a car crash that killed both her parents].2. Sarah read my poem out to the whole class ─I almost died of embarrassment. (embarrass)I was[almost embarrassed to death when Sarah read my poem out to the whole class].3. The seriously injured pupils will be under the care of doctors and nurses of the Children's Hospital. (care for)Doctors and nurses[of the Children's Hospital will care for the seriously injured pupils].4. Several people have phoned the personnel department to inquire about the position of Chief Financial Officer. (inquiry)The personnel department has received[several phone calls making inquiries about the position of Chief Financial Officer].5. We can help you find a solution to all your financial problems if you join our club. (straighten out)We can help you[straighten out all your financial problems if you join our club].plete the following, using the words or phrases in brackets. Make additions or changes where necessary.1. On further [inquiry], we learned that the earthquake caused heavy casualties (伤亡) and material losses to the inhabitants. Many old people [died of hunger] and thirst after they were trapped for nearly a week. Fortunately most younger [people survived]. (die of, survive, inquiry)2. [Instantly] the news spread among employees of the firm that David had decided to [give up his] current position and [retire]. Thereupon everyone became curious about who would [replace him] as chief [executive] officer. (retire, executive, replace, instantly, give up)3. Brown used to live on his parents. However after [his beloved] father died he had to support himself economically. He did a lot of [odd jobs], including shining shoes, washing dishes, [and all that]. (and all that, beloved, odd)Word FormationA suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to form a new one. Unlike prefixes, a suffix frequently alters the part of speech of the word. For example, the verb replace, by the addition of the suffix -ment, is changed into a noun replacement.Complete the following sentences by adding a suffix to the given base in brackets.1. He looked down at the floor in an attempt to hide his [embarrassment]. (embarrass)2. Rescue workers continued to search for [survivors], nearly 72 hours after the collapse of the World Trade Center. (survive)3. A tiny old lady was among a group looking at an art exhibition in a [newly] opened gallery. (new)4. The reality is that we all have [marketable] skills such as writing, consulting, or designing and selling things. (market)5. Many people are now having trouble making their [monthly] house payments (month)6. A spelling bee is a [competition] in which people try to correctly spell words. (compete)7. The total energy given off by the devastating earthquake was many times more than any [conceivable] chemical reaction could produce. (conceive)8. It shocked me to learn that the young man was released simply because he came from a [respectable] middle-class family. (respect)UsageRewrite the parts in italics with "the + adj.".1. Some Democrats believed they lost the election because poor people didn't turn out to vote. [the poor]2. Those who had died were completely innocent victims of the bomb. [The deceased / The dead]3. The governor has guaranteed health care for pregnant women, preschool children, and disabled people. [the disabled]4. Do you know why French people are skinnier than Americans? It is because French people stop when they're full, Americans stop when the plate is empty (or the TV show ends). [the French]5. The person who was accused denied stealing his student's ideas and publishing them. [The accused]6. In our city living together without getting married is not common among young people. [the young]7. People who are not employed will receive a monthly payment from the local government. [The unemployed]8. Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that crime is due to unemployment.[the latter ... the formerCloze1. Complete the following passage with words chosen from the Words and Phrases to Drill box. Change the form where necessary.I hear poor Phil has [died of] (1) a heart attack. Died [instantly] (2), I believe. Mind you, if you were looking for a heart attack victim, he was a [classic] (3) case. You need only [askaround] (4) to hear everyone say that he worked all hours, never taking a break. That sort of person all too often risks not [surviving] (5) long enough to [retire] (6) on a pension. No doubt the chief [executive] (7) is already looking around for Phil's [replacement] (8). I know you can't afford to be sentimental in business, not with [stock] (9) holders breathing down your neck all the time. Still, he must have found it difficult to look Phil's widow [in the eye] (10) at the funeral after allowing him to overwork like that.2. Read the following passage carefully until you have got its main idea, and then select one appropriate word for each gap from the box.One summer evening, shortly after I arrived at my new assignment, my boss walked by my house and saw my wife and children sitting on our front porch. He asked her where I was. My wife told him I was still at the office. When she told this to me, in the corner of my heart I secretly hoped he was [impressed] (1) by my work ethic (职业道德).The next morning, my boss called me. I expected a verbal pat on the back for my [diligence] (2) and hard work. [Instead] (3), he asked me what I was doing so late at the office and inquired if I had been doing that every night since taking over. I told him I had indeed been working late every night.[Contrary](4) to what I expected, he told me anyone could be a workaholic and achieve great things [professionally] (5). Yet he had hired me to [perform] (6) and excel (干得出色) in not one but two areas: my professional and personal life.This incident caused me to do a lot of introspection (沉思). I examined my professional, family and[personal] (7) life and found that they weren't in [balance] (8). So I made a [commitment] (9) to myself to work on achieving a better balance in these three areas. This is what my little voyage of self-discovery [revealed] (10) to me.3. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases in brackets.1. 我不太清楚哪儿你能找到个好木工（carpenter）——你最好四处打听打听。
全新版大学英语综合教程5(第二版)unit1-7课后答案全新版大学英语综合教程5 (第二版) unit1-7 课后答案UNIT1VocabularyI.1. allot2. go through fire and water3. reside4. sobbed5. made no mention of6. sacrifice7. came upon8. rhythm9. volume 10. something of aII.1. I stayed on as an assistant professor.2. I hold it to my ear because I want to hear time tick away.3. The salary is not wonderful, but the duties are light.4. The moral of the lesson is not to talk to strangers.5. Yes, but it cannot hold a candle to Huangshan.III.1. The nasty smell from the kitchen made her stomach churn.2. When she sank into drunkenness, she was able to forget her sorrow.3. In the 1500 meters, Martin and Parker came first and third respectively.4. The two hills Shunner Fell from the north and Lovely Seat from the south flank the famous Butter Tubs Pass.5. Levi, in gratitude to Joshua, gave a party for him.Iv. 1. ambition-----ambition-----regardless of 2. discourse---by way of 3. is engraved---inward V. 1. have come upon/across 2. had come out 3. come on/up 4. came across 5. comes down to 6. came around/to 7. comes to 8. came through 9. came up with 10. comes upUsage1. the Wilsons2. Mark Twain3. Annie Johnsons4. another Winston Churchill5. a Mrs. Burton6. a Budweiser7. A Monet8.an old FordComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze 1. Text-related 1.go through fire and water 2.salary3. give---no peace4. sink into5. ambition6. By way of7.expressive8.churned9. engraved 10. not hold a candle to 11. inward2. Theme-related1. Success2. literacy3. significantly4. promoting5.appropriate 6. too 7. later8. repetition 9. invented 10. lessII. TranslationAlthough my grandmother was illiterate, she had a good stock of myths and legends. When I was young I gave her no peace, constantly asking her to tell me stories. After she had finished her housework, she would lift me onto her lap and tell stories, all the while rocking me in rhythm. Having noticed my interest in stories, my parents lost no time in initiating me into reading. They bought many storybooks with illustrations, and whenever free, they would read these stories to me over and over again. By and by I had a vocabulary large enough to read on my own.全新版大学英语综合教程5 (第二版) unit1-7 课后答案UNIT2VocabularyI. 1.1) appetite 2) destructive3) agency 4) processed5) saturated 6) utter7) hoisted 8) referring to9) retrieve 10) Unfortunately2.1) Peter was chasing the dog and Tom was riding the wooden horse in the garden.2) They all looked on except one young man. He took her to the hospital instantly.3) I laid charges against the company and won the case.4) If we want to stay competitive, first of all we need to modernize our factory.5) They got irrigation water from the dammed rivers.3.1) Except in the oases the desert is almost devoid of vegetation, although some stunted, thornyshrubs grow in the western Sahara.2) The fruits growing wild in the coastal forest are edible.3) The national security agency made recommendations for improving safety standards inairplanes / to improve safety standards in airplanes.4) The Beatles enjoyed success on a scale unparalleled by any previous pop group.5) The emergence of language was a defining factor in theevolution of modern humans.4.1) are bound to attract more consumers, particularly children and young people. Packaging has 2) In the eyes of some businessmen, consumers' health profits. They sell 3) right direction.5.1) get over 2) got to3) get through 4) get over5) get by 6) get away7) got in 8) get 。
Unit 5 Force of NatureText Comprehension1. Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose.A.To display Marie Curie's career as a Nobel Prize winner.B.To honor Marie Curie who made magnificent contribution in science.C.To unfold Marie Curie's complex life as glorious and tragic.D.To introduce Marie Curie and her family.Key: [ C ]2. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1). At first I only knew that Marie Curie, a brilliant woman scientist, was the first person to wintwo Nobel Prizes. [ T ]2). Marie Curie was obsessively engaged in her research after her daughters were born. [ F ]3). As governess to a wealthy family, Marie Curie fell in love with Casimir Zorawski, the young master. As his father threatened to disinherit him, she left Warsaw with courage for Paris, whereher new life began. [ T ]4). Marie Curie left Warsaw for Paris at the age of 18. [ F ]5). The place where the Curies were working was dark, damp, shabby, and sad, more like a stable than a lab. [ T ]6). The Curies became world famous, especially after they won a Nobel Prize in physics in 1903for the discovery of radium and polonium. [ F ]7). Eve Curie, a year old when her father died, wrote that Pierre's death marked a crucial momentin her mother's life. [ F ]8). Shortly after her husband's funeral, Madame Curie went into the lab immediately though she should have stayed with her family and friends. [ T ]9). A second Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded to the Curies for isolating the elements radium and polonium. [ F ]10). According to the author, Madame Curie conquered colossal obstacles in science, but paid an enormous personal price. Her life was so complex that her glory was mingled with tragedy. [ T ]Writing StrategiesThis text is a biographical sketch of the great woman scientist Marie Curie. Except for thefirst three paragraphs, which make up the introductory part of the story, the narration of the major events in Madame Curie's life follows the chronological order. To make her narration and description more graphical and impressive, the author has used some metaphorical expressions and sentences. For example, the expression 'drag by' used in paragraph 4 immediately makes the reader share the way Marie felt about those four long years of waiting.Can you find more instances of metaphorical language used in the text?More instances of metaphorical language found in the text:Paragraph 1: “her arms wrapped around her daughters”Paragraph 3: Also she was a woman driven by passions, fighting battles much of her life withwhat a doctor now would probably diagnose as severe depression.Paragraph 5: “walked into history”．Paragraph 7: “The reality was a lot grittier”Paragraph 9: For the Curies, though, their triumph contained the seeds of their tragedy.Paragraph 10: "A cape of solitude and secrecy fell upon her shoulders forever."While the purpose of writing a biographical sketch or a biography is to present the major events that happen during the lifetime of the person concerned, it is also common for the writerto offer his/her own personal assessment. Madame Curie is recognized by the whole world as a renowned scientist, but she appeals to the author not just as a great scientist, but, perhaps more essentially, as a woman. This point is made clear in the sentence in the last paragraph: The Marie Curie that I discovered was no icon but a flesh-and-blood woman.Can you find some supporting evidence of this point in the introductory part of the text?Elaboration of this point is mainly found in the second paragraph of the text: Looking back, I think I admired that photo so much, not because of Marie Curie and whatshe stood for but because she seemed so exotic -- or maybe because of how her arms encircledher girls. My own mother lay in the hospital, recovering from a grave injury in a car crash. I wanted her to hold me, but she couldn't. So, instead, I idolized Marie, who in my mind becamethe strongest and most capable woman in the world.Language Work1. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1). I didn't know very much about Curie beyond the basics.except the most important aspects of her life2). I was just a girl with little direction…having no concrete goals or purposes to attain3). Marie Curie's own daughters grew into accomplished women in their own right.because of their own efforts and talents4). …for months she'd find places to hide so she could c ry her eyes out.cry to her heart's content5). …where sh e changed her name, enrolled at the Sorbonne -- and walked into history.and thus launched her journey to become sb. to remember6). …Pierre's death marked the defining moment in her mother's life.represented the most crucial change2. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in their appropriate forms and note the difference of meaning between them.glistening luminousExplanation: Luminous describes a source of light, indicating the brightness or clarity, but it can also specifically suggest a soft or barely perceivable radiance or one enclosed within or seen through something else. Glistening is almost exclusively restricted to reflected light, althoughsometimes it does suggest in addition to dimness an undulating reflection or a moist surface.1). The luminous wallpaper had attractive silhouettes of young women.2). The luminous stars in the clear northern night sky brought back all the beautiful memories ofher childhood.3). A six-person shower was full of glistening naked bodies and a tangle of arms and legs.4). He could see the gunners, their eyes hidden behind goggles and their faces glistening with sweat.More: brilliant: very bright, splendid, or showy in appearance.radiant: sending out light or heat in all directions, shinning; (of a person) showing loveand happinessshiny: esp. of a smooth surface looking as if polishedbright: giving out or throwing back light very strongly; fully light; famous, gloriousgrave seriousBoth words emphasize something that is urgent or crucial and that promises to have an extremely undesirable outcome. Grave is the more restricted of the two, specifically suggesting something that may well have a fatal conclusion. Serious is more general and it suggests the crucial, ponderous, or solemn, but with less emphasis on urgency and even less on negative eventualities.1). The AIDS patient finally couldn't survive the grave illness and left his five helpless children atthe mercy of charity.2). This is a serious and good-faith effort to try to engage in a dialogue.3). The US finally became serious about toppling Saddam and the devastating war began.4). We had to tip up the bed and the model was in grave danger of falling off it.More: significant: a significant amount or effect is large enough to be important or affect a situation to a noticeable degreesolemn: someone or something that is solemn is very serious rather than cheerful orhumorousbasic: if one thing is basic to another, it is absolutely necessary to it, and the secondthing cannot exist, succeed, or be imagined without itfantasy imaginationBoth words refer to the mind's power to call up images, to picture or conceive things that are not actually before the eye or within the experience. Fantasy is imagination divorced from reality. The creations of fantasy may be delightfully bizarre or may be weird and grotesque, as in the case of science-fiction stories depicting monstrous beings from Mars. Engaged in fantasy, the imagination projects unreal images or imaginary scenes on the screen of the mind, creating a dream world. 1). In lives that are always difficult to comprehend, we are all accustomed to retreating into a world of fantasy, illusion and omnipotence.2). Seeing the dome at close quarters, I was struck by its failure of imagination, its sheer ugliness.3). She tortured herself with fantasies of Bob and his new girlfriend.4). Doomsday fantasies have haunted the popular imagination of this century, from nuclear Armageddon to alien invasions.More: fiction: fiction refers to books and stories about imaginary people and events, rather than books about real people or eventsfallacy: a fallacy is an idea which many people believe to be true, but which is in factfalse because it is based on incorrect information or reasoningprominent outstandingBoth words refer to something of unusual distinction or relevance by reason of its excellence or motivating force. Outstanding, besides its general meaning of being excellent, suggests a feature that is sharply distinct from its surroundings. Prominent carries less suggestions of excellence than outstanding, and it may point to status gained on other grounds entirely, or suggest merely familiarity to a wide audience.1). Tina was presented with a trophy for her outstanding contribution to the music industry.2). The Fords' family is wealthy and socially prominent, and now intends to enter into politics.3). It has to be the most beautiful clubhouse in Denmark, and the restaurant is quite outstanding.4). Prominent American educators, such as Horace Mann, Henry Barnard, etc. sought to increase educational opportunity for all children by creating the common-school movement.3. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box, using its appropriate form.obsessively congeal icon luminousmetamorphosis fete pernicious definitelyretreat devastating a shred of a fleet of1). A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans tothe atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials.2). The most distant luminous objects seen by telescopes are probably ten thousand million light years away.3). "Want some wine?" she asked. He smiled and took a swig from the bottle. He thanked her and retreated again into his silence.4). The self-educated son of a Delaware farmer, Evans became obsessed by the possibilities of mechanized production and steam power.5). Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death, into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial grounds.6). The employment department has undergone several metamorphoses over the past few years.7). Respect is never given freely; every shred of it has to be earned and you earn it by how wellyou treat others.8). The professor argued that these books had a pernicious effect on young and susceptible minds.4. Make a sentence of your own for each of the given words with meanings other than those used in the text. You may change the part of speech of these words.1). upHe suddenly stopped talking, and his friends knew something was up.2). crashThe angry wife dropped the tray of bowls and plates with a crash.3). accomplishedNumerous experiments have shown that once the concept of self is changed, other things consistent with the new concept of self, are accomplished easily and without strain.4). strokeShe looked down at her lap while one hand absently stroked the other.5). stableNothing is fixed and permanently stable. There must be movement forward, which is progressof a sort, or movement backward, which is decay and deterioration.6). definingWorksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem.5. Rewrite the following sentences in such a way as to avoid dangling non-finite clauses. 1). Reading in bed, my hands often get very cold.When I read in bed, my hands often get very cold.2). While cleaning his gun it went off unexpectedly.He was cleaning his gun when it went off unexpectedly.3). When carrying a gun it should never be pointed at anyone.When carrying a gun, you should never point it at anyone.4). Falling from such a height, we thought he would never survive.We thought falling from such a height he would never survive.5). Tied to a post, the sea was tossing the boat up and down.Tied to a post, the boat was tossed up and down by the sea.6). Barking furiously, I led the dog out of the room.Barking furiously, the dog was led out of the room.7). Reading the letter a second time, the meaning becomes clearer.Being read a second time, the letter becomes clearer in meaning.8). Wondering where to go, an advertisement caught her eye.As she was wondering where to go, an advertisement caught her eye.9). While sitting at the foot of a cliff a stone fell on him.He was sitting at the foot of a cliff when a stone fell on him.10). When planting these flowers care must be taken not to damage the roots.When planting these flowers you must take care not to damage the roots.Translation1. Translating Sentences1). 研究人员建议，人到老年应该多参加个人或集体的心理和生理活动。
人教精通版五年级英语上册Unit 5 综合素质评价时间：40分钟满分：100分题号一二三四五六七八九十十一十二总分得分听力部分(30分)一、听录音, 选出你所听到的单词或短语。
(5分)() 1. A. activity book B. English book C. storybook() 2. A. schoolbag B. ruler C. eraser() 3. A. put it away B. put away it C. put them away () 4. A. this B. whose C. what() 5. A. goose B. geese C. cheese二、听录音, 给下列图片排序。
(5分)三、听录音, 选择合适的答语。
(10分)() 1. A. Yes, this is. B. No, it isn't. C. Yes, it isn't.() 2. A. It is a camera. B. It's not my camera. C. It's my camera.() 3. A. Yes, it is. B. No, it is. C. No, that isn't.() 4. A. OK, we will. B. Sorry, I can't. C. That sounds good.() 5. A. Good idea. B. Hello! C. Bye.四、听录音, 写单词, 完成句子。
(10分)1. Don't forget to take it __________.2. Can you make the__________?3. Is that your__________?4. —Is this Lucy's dictionary?—No, it isn't. It's __________.5. Is __________ his schoolbag?笔试部分(70分)五、选词填空。
Unit 5 CulturePassage 1 Travel LanguageI Vocabulary1. The government’s plans seem good in theory but I doubt if they will work in practice.翻译：理论上政府的计划看起来挺好，但是我怀疑这些计划实际上是否会有用。
2. Many diseases are caused by a deficiency of Vitamins E and K in diet.翻译：许多疾病是由于饮食上缺少维他命E和K造成的。
3. I really dislike him because he seems to be reveled in all the attention he’s getting.翻译：我真的不喜欢他，因为他看起来沉湎于他所获得的所有关注中。
4. There was a great influx of tourists into Brazil during the world cup, bringing a huge sum of wealth.翻译：世界杯期间，大量游客涌入巴西，带来了巨大的财富。
5. I usually check the door at night before I go to bed, just for the sake of safety.翻译：为了安全，晚上我经常会在上床睡觉前检查门关紧没。
6. His preoccupation with business left little for his family, so no wonder his wife complains a lot.翻译：他关注事业而很少关注家人，所以难怪他的妻子抱怨很多。
7. They found the deviation of the ship from her intended course, and then they timely adjusted the ship by use of the compass.翻译：他们发现船偏离了预定的航向，之后他们用指南针及时的调整了船的方向。
UNIT 11.The local council ＿＿＿that the hospitals that are not able to reach the servicestandards should close.2.When Hamlet murmured “To be, or not to be,”he was faced with a(n)＿＿dilemma.3.The young mother smiled＿＿＿at her son, who asked to play outdoors.4.The Prime Minister is now firmly＿＿＿in Downing Street with a large majority.5.We need a manager with a plenty of ＿＿＿to run the business in China.6.It is noticed that quick-minded people suffer no＿＿＿to criticism.7.It was a＿＿＿to be outside in the fresh air again after staying weeks-longunderground.8.The government’s＿＿＿commitment to reduce tax has been largelyappreciated.1.has decreed2. agonizing3. Approvingly4.ensconced5. flair6.vulnerability7.relief 8.avowedUNIT 21.In our era of extensive social restructuring, it is important to＿＿＿womenequality that entitles women to the privileges.2.Panel painting, common in thirteenth-and fourteenth-century Europe, involved a＿＿＿laborious process.3.Frosty Paws contains＿＿＿soy flour, water, vegetable oil, vitamins and minerals.4.Coral reefs are one of the most＿＿＿biologically complex, and diverse marineecosystems on Earth.5.If you say that some people believe in a ＿＿＿way, you approve of thembecause they do not complain or show that they are upset in bad situations.6.Rudman＿＿＿guilty and was sentenced to a total of six years in prison for therobbery and the shooting of Mr.Smith.7.Even her own party detested her ＿＿＿, and gave her the cold-shoulder.8.This historic building is as much part of our＿＿＿as the paintings.1.grant2.painstaking3.refined4.fragile5.stoical6.pleaded7.nagging8.heritageUNIT 31.She thought she was too ＿＿＿to get a date.2.I could hear the note of ＿＿＿in her voice as she asked me to talk things over again.3.In this decade of politics, many more women have become＿＿＿. .4. I hope that we can settle this issue＿＿＿. .5.This is a far from＿＿＿book—it is a rich mix of pleasures and information, and is full of surprises.6.We rushed out of the shop in hot pursuit, but the thief had＿＿＿into thin air.7. He＿＿＿and turned, trying to free himself from the rope.8. I tried to excuse myself for missing her party but made the attempts very ＿..1.homely2.appeal3.magistrates4.amicably5.solemn6.vanished7.twisted8.clumsily UNIT 41.In ＿＿＿of a healthier diet, Americans are eating more fish than they used to .2.Thank you so much for your help. I hope I’ll return the＿＿＿one day.3.On the carton, the milk is described as “＿＿＿fat-free”.4.He looked embarrassed for a moment, and then quickly regained his＿＿＿.5.Rumors of devaluation＿＿＿many investors into selling their shares.6.Tourists are more＿＿＿to attack, because they do not know which areas of thecity to avoid.7.The basic＿＿＿premise of their philosophy is that everyone should be free to doas they please, so long as they do not harm others.8.The hospital spokesperson said a temporary ten-bed＿＿＿would open soon. pliment3.virtually4.poise5.panicked6.vulnerable7.premise8.facility UNIT 51. A useful＿＿＿of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly byhumans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely.2.The most distant ＿＿＿objects seen by telescope are probably ten thousandmillion light years away.3.“Want some wine?”she asked. He smiled and took a swig from the bottle. Hethanked her and ＿＿＿again into his silence.4.The self-educated son of a Delaware farmer, Evans became ＿＿＿by thepossibilities of mechanized production and steam power.5.Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious＿＿＿of death into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial grounds.6.The employment department has undergone several ＿＿＿over the past fewyears.7.Respect is never given freely; every ＿＿＿of it has to be earned and you earn itby how well you treat others.8.The professor argued that these books had a ＿＿＿effect on young andsusceptible minds.1.definition2.luminous3.retreated4.obsessed5.icons6.metamorphoses7.shred8.perniciousUNIT 61.Her manner is friendly and relaxed and much less ＿＿＿than she appears at herafter game press conference.2.Nothing has ever equaled the ＿＿＿and speed with which the human species isaltering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment.3.When heated, the mixture becomes soft and malleable and can be formed byvarious techniques into a vast ＿＿＿of shapes and sizes.4.Where I part company with him, however, is over the link he＿＿＿betweenscience and liberalism.5.Percy was lying ＿＿＿his arms outstretched and his eyes closed.6.Given data which are free from bias, there are further ＿＿＿to avoid instatistical work.7.In pragmatics, the study of speech, one is able to see how specific acts arerelated to a ＿＿＿and spatial context.8.His dad might have been able to say something solacing, had he not been fightingback his own flood of ＿＿＿. .1.formidable2.magnitude3.array4.forges5.prostrate6.snares7.temporal8.anguish UNIT 71.When his ＿＿＿employers learned that he smoked, they said they wouldn’thire him.2.In him the polarities of life are resolved and balanced, male and female,strengthand ＿＿＿, severity and mercy.3.Inarticulate and rather shy, he had always ＿＿＿speaking in public.4.＿＿＿Of brutality and theft have been leveled at the army.5.Our government cannot keep＿＿＿out money to those who are fastidiousabout the jobs offered to them.6.He was deeply ＿＿＿by the sufferings of the common people.7.Many studies have shown that “restrained eaters”will eventually＿＿＿andrelapse.8.He＿＿＿his commitment to the country’s economic reform program.1.prospectivepassion3.dreaded4.Allegations5.doling6.grieved7.binge8.reaffirmedUNIT91.The ＿＿＿is that the region’s most dynamic economies have the most primitive financial systems.2.He is such a man whose＿＿＿pursuit of excellence is conducted with single-minded determination.3. Morgan never forgot his mentor and amusingly＿＿＿his indebtedness to her in his autobiography.4. We would very much ＿＿＿it if this programme were taken off as a result of financial pressure.5.He was intensely eager, indeed ＿＿＿, for wealth rather than reputation.6. The film is well-made, atmospheric,＿＿＿acted piece.7. Fantasies cannot harm you, no matter how ＿＿＿or far out they are.8. ＿＿＿broke out when they ran into the street shouting.1.paradox2.relentless3.recounted4.deplore5.avid6.consummatelyzare8.Pandemonium.UNIT 101.＿＿＿Is common in patients who suffered damages to the brain.2.There are two main problems which ＿＿＿people’s hearing.3.Having begun my life in a children’s home, I have the greatest ＿＿＿with thelittle ones.4.Some people need to confront a ＿＿＿past, but others find it better to leave italone.5. A new survey found that 50% of women had experienced some form of sexual＿＿＿in their working lives.6.He’s large and languid, meeting each inquiry with a(n)＿＿＿countenance.7.From the very first days of reforms, the parliament kept on a(n) ＿＿＿drumbeat of protest.8.I deeply ＿＿＿those sort of rumours being circulated at a time of deeplypersonal grief.1.Hallucination2.afflict3.empathy4.traumatic5.harassment6.impassive7.incessant8.resentedUNIT 111.Town planning and land allocation has to be＿＿＿.2. She admits that her height is ＿＿＿for some men.3.Most young people in the West are expected to leave what could be the life's most decision—marriage---almost entirely up to luck.4. What decided him was a ＿＿＿question:“If I fail, I’ll be no worse off than I am now, will I ?”5. He was forced to romanticize the past as he became increasingly ＿＿＿with his present.6.The approach fails to take into consideration ＿＿＿such as pride of workmanship, loyalty and work habits.7.The declaration was null and＿＿＿as it was proclaimed in completely illegal circumstances.8.Abortion is an issue which has produced a lot of sound and＿＿＿,but little reasoned argument.1.coordinated2.intimidating3.momentous4.cynical5.disillusioned6.intangibles7.void8.furyUNIT 121.The new economic plan seeks to achieve a more equitable ＿＿＿of wealth.2. A number of＿＿＿landowners have recently set an example by making land available at less than normal market value.3. The ＿＿＿amongst the world’s scientists is that the world is likely to warm up over the next few decades.4. It is useless trying to＿＿＿her that she doesn’tneed to lose any weight.5. A great number of industries have to sack managers to reduce their huge＿＿＿costs.6. Sadly, the main ＿＿＿of pension equality so far have been men, not women.7. He ＿＿＿a violent distaste for everything related to commerce, production, and money.8. To make a sound diplomat is to first believe that＿＿＿delays are inevitable.1.distribution2.enlightened3.consensus4convince5.administrative6.beneficiaries 7.professed8.bureaucratic。
2022-2021学年高中英语同步课后练习（5）及答案：Unit5（人教新课标必修5）Using LanguageⅠ.单词拼写1．The opening________(仪式)of the 30th Olympic Games was held on July 27th in London.2．The policeman showed great________(士气)in the face of danger.3．He was taken by an ________(抢救车)to the nearest hospital.4．Do not ________(对待)this serious matter as a joke.5．We should ________(应用)this theory to practice.6．Changing schools made a big________(区分)to my life.7．The bandage must be________(紧的)enough to stop the bleeding.8．The sofa cushions are fairly________(坚固的)．9．She fingered the pearls at her________(喉部)．10．The ________(压力)of the water turns the wheel.Ⅱ.单项填空1．(2021·马鞍山高二检测)He went to American E mbassy many times to________his visa.A．apply with B．apply inC．apply for D．apply at2．It is in the west of China________there is no doubt________it is going to rain tomorrow.A．where；whether B．that；thatC．that；whether D．where；that3．________foreign visitors like to come to China for a visit，and ________them is increasing now.A．A great number of；a number ofB．The number of；the number ofC．The number of；a great number ofD．A great number of；the number of4．(2022·聊城高二检测)Life is very hard in the city.In order to escape______some people drink alcohol.A．character B．evidenceC．pressure D．temper5．—Let's have lunch together.________—Thanks.I'd like to.Where shall we meet?A．It's my treat.B．Is that right?C．It's up to you.D．Do you have a better idea?6．She was about to tell the policeman the secret______someone shot her death.A．as B．untilC．while D．when7．They are now in great need of help，so I think your support will certainly ________.A．make sense B．make a differenceC．make it D．make use of8．(2021·阜新高二检测)You can take anything from the shelf and read，but please ________the books when you've finished with them.A．put on B．put downC．put back D．put one's hands on9．The________was brought to a close by the singing of the national anthem(国歌)．A．company B．championC．companion D．ceremony10．(2022·大同高二月考)To our delight，the doctor has________our uncle of his disease.A．treated B．curedC．made D．reducedⅢ.阅读理解AMoving can bring out the best and the worst in people, I'm finding. And I've discovered where a very generous spirit lives: Defiance, Ohio.After suffering through many months of unemployment, my wife and I had to move this week from Colorado to Ohio, where she would work as a sales assistant.Not knowing anyone there, we were pretty concerned about all the work, including how we'd get all things unloaded without killing ourselves.We decided to pay a couple of college students to help with all the heavy lifting once we got there.But one neighbor after another stopped by and joined in.“What? Have we moved to some other country? Maybe we've died and gone to heaven！” I thought.Unloading actually became fun as we connected with so many wonderful new friends as we worked.The more people that helped, the easier the work became.A job that we were afraid might take days for the two of us alone was finished in a few hours.Many total strangers would either walk by or drive by to ask us if we were moving in.Many were delighted that this fine old house that had sat empty for so long was coming to life again.We were invited to an outdoor meal last night by neighbors on the same street.All the while, my brain was on this new sense of hope that people could be out-going and kind to strangers.Among all the conversation were lots of offers to be of help to one another in a variety of ways.It's wonderful to live in such a kind little town.I feel so grateful to be here, and wish the rest of the world could see howan entire society can be a model for what it's like to look out for one another.I used to stay away from friendships with strangers, but now I live in Defiance!1．The author and his wife moved to Defiance because________.A．for them，moving often brings out the bestB．his wife had found a better-paid jobC．they liked this little townD．his wife got a job there2．When offered help, the author at first felt ________.A．grateful B．surprisedC．ashamed D．excited3．The neighbors did all of the following EXCEPT________.A．help them unloadB．invite them to a dinnerC．offer to drive them aroundD．welcome their coming4．What can we know about the author's past life?A．He hated to live in a little town.B．He was used to out-going strangers.C．He usually offered some help to others.D．He refused to make friends with strangers.5．What does the author want to tell us through the passage?A．We don't know what is good until we have lost it.B．Kindness is the sunshine of life.C．Where there is a will, there is a way.D．There is no place like home.BFirst aid means the aid or help that can be given to an injured person first，that is，before any other help arrives.Nowadays there is usually a telephone not far away and the first thing we should do，if a serious accident happens，is to telephone for an ambulance.Sometimes quick action by us may save someone's life.Shock.People often suffer from shock after receiving an injury，sometimes even when the injury is a small one.The face turns grey，and the skin becomes damp and cold.They breathe quickly.They should be kept warm.Cover them with a blanket and give them a warm drink.Broken bones.Do not move the patient.Send for an ambulance at once.Bleeding.A little bleeding does no harm.It washes dirt from the wound.But if the bleeding continues，try to stop it by placing a clean cloth firmly over the wound until the bleeding stops or help arrives.Poison.A person who has taken poison should be taken to a hospital at once.With some poisons，sleeping pills，for example，it is a good thing to make the patient sick by pressing your fingers down his throat.Remember：when an accident happens，send someone to telephone for an ambulance at once.Keep the injured person warm and quiet.Give him plenty of air.Do not let other people crowd around him.6．According to the passage when a serious accident happens, the first thing we should do is to________.A．take some actionsB．save the life of the injured personC．phone for an ambulanceD．keep the injured person warm and quiet7．Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. First aid means giving the injured person the aid or help at once before the doctor comes.B．When a person has broken his legs, we should send him to hospital at once.C．A little bleeding does no harm because the blood can wash dirt from the wound.D．When a person has taken poison，you should take him to hospital at once.8.Why can't an injured person be crowded by people around him?A. Because the people around him may hurt him.B．Because he needs plenty of air and to be quiet.C．Because they will be in the way of the ambulance.D．Because they will disturb his rest.9．The passage mainly tells us________.A．some advice on how to deal with common accidentsB．some facts about some common accidentsC．something we must rememberD．some examples of common accidentsⅣ.翻译句子1．我正沿着小溪闲逛，这时我遇到了我的英语老师。
Unit1：IV1.Perhaps it would go away, deprived of her attention.Mother meant to deliberately overlook whatever she did not like and could not change.2.School let out in June to the end of July.From June to the end of July school closed for the summer vacation.3.I spent the afternoon squinting up at monuments to freedom and past presidencies anddemocracy.Literarily, the writer was unable to open wide her eyes due to the dazzling sunlight as well as her eyes defect. Figuratively, the freedom, equality and democracy all American citizens were allegedly entitled to were simply distorted images in the author’s eyes.4.Mother was bright and father was brown, the three of us girls step-standards inbetween.Mother was bright and father brown, and the three of us girls represented gradations from bright to brown.5.Indoors, the soda fountain was dim and fan-cooled, deliciously relieving to my scorchedeyes.Inside the Breyer’s, the soda fountain was so dim and the air so cool that the pain of my eyes was wonderfully lessened.6.No one would answer my emphatic questions with anything other than a guilty silence.My forcefully question got no response from my family; they remained silent as if they had done something wrong and shameful walking into Breyer’s.7.My fury was not going to be acknowledged by like fury:My anger was not going to be noticed or sympathized with by my family members who were similarly angry, though.Unit 2IV1.instead of…sneaking out to the empty lot to hunt ghosts and animal bones, my brotherand I had to go to Chinese school.My brother and I were unable to walk out quietly and secretly, like other children, to the open field to play kid’s games, for we were forced to go to Chinese school.2.No amount of kicking, screaming, or pleading could dissuade my mother.Our kicking, screaming and pleading could not in the least make our mother change her mind about sending us to Chinese school.3.Forcibly, she walked us the 7 long, hilly blocks from our home to school, depositing ourdefiant tearful faces before the stern principal.She dragged us by force all the way from our home to school, a long hilly distance of 7 blocks, finally leaving us, hostile and tearful, in front of the severe headmaster.4.In Chinatown, the comings and goings of hundreds of Chinese on their daily taskssounded chaotic and frenzied.In Chinatown, large crowds of Chinese were coming and going with their routine responsibilities in a disorderly, overexcited way.5.He was especially hard on my mother.He was fastidiously particular about my mother’s English.6.I finally was granted a cultural divorce.Ultimately I was permitted to stop learning Chinese culture.7.At last, I was one of you; I wasn’t one of them. Sadly, I still am.Finally I assumed that I was one of the Americans and that I was not one of the Chinese.Unfortunately, I am, as a matter of fact, still Chinese.Unit3:IV1.We were waiting outside the condemned cells.We were waiting outside the cells, where prisoners under the death sentence were jailed.2.The rest of us, magistrates and the like, followed behind.We, government officials and inspectors, walked behind the warders and the prisoner.3.I saw the mystery, the unspeakable wrongness, of cutting life short when it is in full tide.I found the inexplicable injustice that was being done in putting to an end a prisoner’s life,which is still in its prime.4.In two minutes, with a sudden snap, one of us would be gone.The prisoner, who belonged to us now, would be promptly put to death.5.One felt an impulse to sing, to break into a run, to snigger.People had a strong desire to sing, to run and to snigger(after the hanging was over).6.You will scarcely credit that it took six warders to dislodge him.You can hardly believe that it took as many as six warders to remove him from the cage bars. Unit 4IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.1.I was just a girl with little direction, more drawn to words and made-up stories than toformulas and lab experiments.I was then a young girl without a clear idea of what to do in the future; but I was keener onliterature than on natural science.2.I think I admired that photo so much, not because of Marie Curie and what she stoodfor but because she seemed so exotic.I think the reason why I enjoyed looking at the photo was not because Marie Curie herselfwas in the photo, nor because she represented a great woman, but because her imageappealed to me.3.Marie Curie’s own daughters grew into accomplished women in their own right.Marie Curie's own daughters distinguished themselves in their respective field due to their own efforts and competence.4.She wound up falling in love with Casimir Zorawski.Finally she fell in love with Casimir Zorawski.5.She was beneath his station, poor, a common nursemaid.She, a poor, common nursemaid, was much lower in social status than her young master.6.The reality was a lot grittier—and a lot less romantic.The reality was much harder, not as romantic as shown in the 1943 film Madame Curie.7.They were the toast of the European scientific community, feted lavishly and visited athome in Paris by acolytes to pay homage.They were highly respected in the European scientific community, entertainedexuberantly and visited by acolytes to show their reverence to the Curies at home inParis.8.The metamorphosis was less simple, more serious. A cape of solitude and secrecy fellupon her shoulders forever.The changes in Madame Curie brought about by the loss of her husband were much more profound than the simple change from a happy young wife to an inconsolable widow. The shadow of loneliness and introversion hung over her for the rest of her life.9.The Marie Curie that I discovered was no icon but a flesh-and-blood woman.The Madame Curie I discovered was not an image of a holy saint, but a woman existing in real life.Unit 5VI1.Different men often see the same objects in different lights.The same object may be observed and judged from different perspectives by different people.2.This is no time for ceremony. The question before the house is one of awful moment tothis country.No time should be wasted on ceremonial procedures because the house, at present, is encountering an extremely crucial problem for the nation.3.We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and listen to the song of that siren tillshe transforms us into beasts.We tend to close our eyes when facing a painful truth, and be intoxicated by the song of the sea nymph that will eventually turn us into animals.4.For my part, whatever anguish of spirit it may cost, I’m willing to know the whole truth;to know the worst and to provide for it.As for me, I’m willing to know the whole truth and be prepared for the worst that might happen, no matter how much pain I may endure.5.The insidious smile will prove a snare to your feet.The cunning smile, with which the British recently received our petition, will be a trap for you to fall into.6.These are the implements of war and subjugation—the last arguments to which kingsresort.These are the tools for war and suppression, the last means kings will turn to when all arguments fall flat.7.We have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and have implored its interposition toarrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament.We have been humble and submissive in front of the British Kings, and have begged his Majesty to intervene（插手）and stop the cruelty and injustice of the British colonial ministry and Parliament(议会、国会).8.The battle is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave.The victory of the battle is determined not just by strength, but by vigilance, activeness(积极性), and courage.9.It is in vain to extenuate the matter.It is useless to underestimate(低估) the severity（严重性）of the situation.Unit 6IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.1.The 1980 election… signaled a decided turn to the right insofar as political and socialattitudes were concerned.The 1980 election indicated that the country resolved to become more conservative in regard to political and social attitudes.2.Some kind of social welfare assistance must be doled out to those who cannot find jobs.Social welfare assistance must be offered to the jobless.3.I am appalled that the condition has been allowed to develop.I am shocked to find that the problem is getting more and more serious.4.This dreadful social sickness has now overtaken the United States.The United States has now been knocked out by this terrible social problem -- failure to house its young people.5.For a major nation to show itself impotent to house its young people is admitting afailure that must be corrected.America must correct the problem that, a superpower as it is in the world, it is incapable of providing houses for its young people.Unit 7VI1.Did you get too bogged down in the details trying to come up with the “exactly right”answer?Did you get so tied up in these complex math figures that you were unable to give the “exactly right” answer?2.Did you zero in on the two most important problems… then hazard a guesstimate?Did you focus all your attention on the two most important problems, and then make an estimation which may not be exactly right?3.Your mistakes will frequently balance out.Your mistakes will often average out, i.e. the extremely high estimations and the extremely low estimations which you make will eventually become equal in amount, value, or effect. 4.The black being warmed most by the sun, was sunk so low as to be below the stroke ofsun’s rays.The black cloth absorbed the heat of the sun most. So, it sank so deep below that the sunrays could not reach it.Unit 81.The screams were so muffled, I could barely hear them.The screams were so faint and unclear that I could hardly hear them.2.My voice quieter and quieter as hers rose in crescendo.As my voice was getting quieter, hers grew gradually and continuously louder./ My voice became quieter and quieter as hers grew in volume.3.No matter how intimate one is with this illness, the primordial fear of madness lurks deep within.Everyone has deep inside an instinctive fear of madness however familiar with the illness he may be./However familiar one is with paranoid schizophrenia, the innate fear of madness stays hidden and deep in one's mind.4.She has no empathy with her own body.She doesn’t know how to take care of her own health as a normal person does.5.I will do the best I can with the worst I have to live with.I’ll do my utmost to deal with the unavoidable worst situations in my life./ I will do my utmost to cope with the worst I have to put up with.Unit91. Unlike traditional games and toys, "wired" entertainment encourages kids to be unimagin ative, socially immature, and crudely desensitized to the world around them.Compared with/Different from traditional games, electronic games have some obvious detrimental effects on children’s development: they tend to be lacking in imagination and social maturity, and indifferent to the real world around them.2. Hand a ball of Play-Doh to a child reared on the sterile adventure of video games, and you 're apt to get a blank look.If you hand a ball of Play-Doh to a child who is brought up in the world of uncreative and unyieldi ng video games/ who spends too much time on exciting but unproductive video games,you are like ly to find an expressionless look on his face.3. Maybe a hothead or two will stalk off the field.Possibly one or two hot-tempered children will quit the game.4. Despite their involvement in the game, the players are not ruled by it.Although they are engaged in playing the game, they are not completely bound by it.5. Far too often, even his parents, intimidated by the high-priced, high-tech gadget that has s ucked their child's humanity away, tiptoe around rather than disturb him.His parent, in great fear of disturbing him, quite often walk gently around the child, whose humani ty has been exhausted by the high-priced, high-tech game device./Far too often, even his parents, scared by the small high-priced, high-tech device that has deprived their child of human qualities, walk about carefully and quietly on tiptoe rather than break his con centration or divert his attention.Unit 101.Yet most of these five, like most of the college cheaters, would probably profess a strong social consciousness.Similar to most college cheaters, the five interviewees would be likely to claim to possess a strong awareness. / However, most of these five people, like a majority of the college students whocommit cheating on examinations, would probably claim that they have a strong sense of responsibility for society.2.These two examples exhibit a paradox of our age.These two examples illustrate the seemingly self-contradicting situation, i.e. while social morality is growing, private morality is declining./ These two examples clearly display a contradictory situation in our age.3.Beneficent and benevolent social institutions are administered by men who all too frequently turn out to be accepting "gifts."Those who run social charity institutions are often found to be bribe takers./ Charitable social organizations are managed or controlled by men who very often prove to be easily bribed.4.Morality means mores or manners and usual conduct is the only standard.Morality means the acceptance of customs and moral values of society or adherence to proper behaviour, and the established way of conduct is the sole criterion of judgment.5.Nothing is more important than this personal, interior sense of right and wrong and his determination to follow that rather than to be guided by what everybody does or merely the criterion of "social usefulness".The most important thing in a person’s life is his own conscience and his decision to adhere to it instead of being driven by so-called social practice or acceptance.6.They have a wrong notion of what the real, the ultimate, security is.They have a wrong idea of, and don’t actually understand, what the real, the ultimate security means./ They have a wrong idea of what the genuine, the essential, security is.Unit 111.For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons then were Assumed to be what we now have to call-lamely, enviously-whole persons.Greek thought beauty was a fine virtue, a type of perfection. People at that time were expected to be beings of integrity, whom we now call whole persons, a term used somewhat awkwardly but not without envy.2.They may have resisted Socrates' lessons. We do not. Several thousand years later, we are more wary of the enchantments of beautyThe Greeks may have refused to accept Socrates' lesson. But we do not. Thousands of years later, we are now more cautious about the charm and attraction of beauty3.For close to two centuries it has become a convention to attribute beauty to only one of the two sexes: the sex which, however fair, is always second.For nearly 200 years, beauty has been customarily related to only one of the two sexes, the female, which is always the secondary sex no matter haw fair it seems to be.4.In every modern country that is Christian or post-Christian, women are the beautiful sex---to the detriment of the notion of beauty as well as of women.In every modern country, women are always regarded as the beautiful sex, which corrupts not only the notion of beauty but also the sex itself.5.It dos not take someone in the throes of advanced feminist awareness to perceive that the way Women are taught to be involved with beauty encourages narcissism, reinforces dependence and immaturity.One does not have to be struggling with unconventional feminist views, even so advanced as to beunacceptable, to realize that what women have been taught about beauty encourages their admiration of their own looks, their dependence on men, and their intellectual immaturity.6.Given these stereotypes, it is no wonder that beauty enjoys, at best, a rather mixed reputation.With such widely-accepted social biases, it is not surprising that the word beauty has, in the most favorable case, both a positive and a negative connotation.7.Even if same pass muster, some will always be found wanting.Even if some parts of the body are accepted as satisfactory, some others are still below par.8.Women get some critical distance from the excellence and privilege which is beauty, enough distance to see haw much beauty itself has been abridged in order to prop up the mythology of the "feminine."Women should keep a sufficiently long distance away from beauty , which is their excellence and privilege, to find out to what extent the notion of beauty has been reduced in essence to Support the make-up story of the women.Unit 121.they automatically brace themselves for whatever is coming next.No matter what happens next, they automatically prepare for it.2.they always had an absolute and enormous meaning in the world of men, an identifying stamp usually incomprehensible to female judgment.These choices are absolutely decisive in the world of men, which are identification marks female judgment often fails to grasp.3.In general, men of all ages turn out not to want to give up the habit of fixing on a suitable self-image and then carefully tending it, instead of taking up all the new options.In general, men of all ages are reluctant to give up the habit of establishing a proper self-image and then carefully maintaining it instead of accepting all new choices.4.No stepping over the boundaries was thinkable.It is impossible to cross the border.5.It also gave men official exemption from fashion risk, and official sanction to laugh at women for perpetually incurring it.It also officially gave men the right to be protected from the dangers of fashion and gave them the right to mock women for their constant dangers.Unit131.The legions of these Myrmidons covered all the hills and vales in my woodyard, and the ground was already strewn with the dead and dying, both red and black.The army of these Myrmidons covers all the hills and valleys in my timber yard, and the ground is already covered with dead and dying red and black ants.2.Perchance he was some Achilles, who had nourished his wrath apart, and had now come to avenge or rescue his Patroclus.Perhaps it was one of Achilles' fierce warriors, sulking alone outside the heat of battle, who now came to rescue Patroclus, the friend of life and death, or to avenge the death of his unfortunate friend3.There were three united for life, as if a new kind of attraction had been invented whichput all other locks and cements to shame.Sticking together to survive, the three combatants seem to have created a new glue that dwarfs any chain or cement.Unit 141.our pushover parenting is doing more harm than goodOur feeble way of education does more harm than good2.They have discovered that the fees are just the tip of the iceberg.They have found that the fees are just a drop in the bucket.3.whether a wardrobe crammed full of Armani Baby guarantees adult happiness is a moot point.A controversial topic is whether the wardrobe full of Armani Baby can guarantee the happiness of adults.4.Our children believe that they are entitled to the same rights as grown-ups, but they are not yet ready to accept grown-up responsibilities.Our children believe that they should have the same rights as adults, but they are not ready to assume the responsibilities of adults.5 “Most parents don't want to provoke a confrontation. I know I'm as much of a soft touch as the next parent.”A large majority of parents dislike incurring hostility from their children. I know I am incurably tolerant with the kids, the same as any other parent.。
UNIT5Language Sense Enhancement1:(1) Answer: densely populated(2) Answer: uninhabitable(3) Answer: thrown into(4) Answer: migrate(5) Answer: contaminate(6) Answer: respiratory(7) Answer: widen the range(8) Answer: incidence(9) Answer: adjusting(10) Answer: wildlifeV ocabulary2:1) Its profits shrank from $5 million to $1.25 million in the last global financial crisis.2) They will have to adhere to the cultural norms of the organization in order to be successful with their database project.3) My hometown is/lies halfway in between Salk Lake City and Denver.4) I saw waves battering (against) the rocks at the bottom of the cliff.5) Flood waters washed away the only bridge connecting the village to the outside world.3:1) Your report on the new car park is fine, but why don't you beef it up with some figures?2) There is a wide variation among Internet providers in cost, features, software, reliability and customer service.3) Poverty is one of the reasons for the high incidence of crime in this neighborhood.4) I suggested we sing and dance for the elderly people in the nursing home, and all my roommates were in favor of my idea.5) Doctors who are compelled to work 36 hours at a stretch cannot possibly be fully efficient.Cloze1:(1) Answer: beef up(2) Answer: coastal(3) Answer: in favour of(4) Answer: residents(5) Answer: theoretical(6) Answer: disastrous(7) Answer: battered(8) Answer: shrinking(9) Answer: migrate(10) Answer: washed away(11) Answer: Scary(12) Answer: humanity2:(1) Answer: predicting(2) Answer: accuracy(3) Answer: basis(4) Answer: collide(5) Answer: atmosphere(6) Answer: melts(7) Answer: affected(8) Answer: actions(9) Answer: striving(10) Answer: technologiesTranslationMost scientists no longer doubt that the world is warming up and that humanity has altered climate. They agree that the long-term effects of global warming will be disastrous for the planet and its inhabitants. What is more, climate change won't be a smooth transition to a warmer world. Some regions will be greatly affected by abrupt climate changes. Enormous areas of densely populated land like coastal Florida would become uninhabitable. Hundreds of millions of residents would have to migrate to safer regions. Therefore, it is no surprise that global warming has made its way onto the agenda of world leaders.译文：我们献上一篇《时代》杂志编辑们撰写的文章，以此开始审视全球气候变暖问题。
UNIT1VocabularyI.1. allot2. go through fire and water3. reside4. sobbed5. made no mentionof 6. sacrifice 7. came upon 8. rhythm 9. volume 10. something of aII.1. I stayed on as an assistant professor.2. I hold it to my ear because I want to hear time tick away.3. The salary is not wonderful, but the duties are light.4. The moral of the lesson is not to talk to strangers.5. Yes, but it cannot hold a candle to Huangshan.III.1. The nasty smell from the kitchen made her stomach churn.2. When she sank into drunkenness, she was able to forget her sorrow.3. In the 1500 meters, Martin and Parker came first and third respectively.4. The two hills Shunner Fell from the north and Lovely Seat from the south flankthe famous Butter Tubs Pass.5. Levi, in gratitude to Joshua, gave a party for him.Iv. 1. ambition-----ambition-----regardless of 2. discourse---by way of 3. is engraved---inward V. 1. have come upon/across 2. had come out 3. come on/up4. came across5. comes down to6. came around/to7. comes to8. came through9. came up with 10. comes upUsage1. the Wilsons2. Mark Twain3. Annie Johnsons4. another Winston Churchill5.a Mrs. Burton 6. a Budweiser 7. A Monet 8. an old FordComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze 1. Text-related 1. go through fire and water 2. salary 3. give---no peace 4. sink into 5. ambition 6. By way of 7. expressive 8. churned 9. engraved 10. not hold a candle to 11. inward2. Theme-related1. Success2. literacy3. significantly4. promoting5. appropriate6. too7. later8. repetition9. invented 10. lessII. TranslationAlthough my grandmother was illiterate, she had a good stock of myths and legends. When I was young I gave her no peace, constantly asking her to tell me stories. Aftershe had finished her housework, she would lift me onto her lap and tell stories,all the while rocking me in rhythm. Having noticed my interest in stories, my parents lost no time in initiating me into reading. They bought many storybooks with illustrations, and whenever free, they would read these stories to me over and over again. By and by I had a vocabulary large enough to read on my own.UNIT2VocabularyI. 1.1) appetite2) destructive3) agency4) processed5) saturated6) utter7) hoisted8) referring to9) retrieve10) Unfortunately2.1)Peter was chasing the dog and Tom was riding the wooden horse in the garden.2)They all looked on except one young man. He took her to the hospital instantly.3)I laid charges against the company and won the case.4)If we want to stay competitive, first of all we need to modernize our factory.5)They got irrigation water from the dammed rivers.3.1)Except in the oases the desert is almost devoid of vegetation, although somestunted, thorny shrubs grow in the western Sahara.2)The fruits growing wild in the coastal forest are edible.3)The national security agency made recommendations for improving safetystandards in airplanes / to improve safety standards in airplanes.4)The Beatles enjoyed success on a scale unparalleled by any previous pop group.5)The emergence of language was a defining factor in the evolution of modernhumans.4.1)Excluding other factors such as quality and price, products which areattractively packaged are bound to attract more consumers, particularly children and young people. Packaging has become an important way to boost / of boosting the sales of products.2)In the eyes of some businessmen, consumers' health comes second to profits. Theysell chicken infected with salmonella and crabs with traces of antibiotics.3)It can be hard to go vegetarian. The important thing is to make changes you feelcomfortable with, at your own pace. While stopping consuming any products for which animals are bred and slaughtered may be ideal, even a slight reduction in meat consumption is a step in the right direction.5.1) get over2) got to3) get through4) get over5) get by6) get away7) got in8) get …out9) get along10) get away withII. Collocation1.I asked her why she didn't make use of her talent and sing a pop song on thegraduation day.2.Uncle Tom, the long-suffering slave in Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin,died a miserable death.3.We still have to learn how to live a harmonious life, not only with other peoplebut also with the environment.4.Breathing a deep breath, he ran up to take the penalty kick.5.I dreamed a bad dream last night in which I was running through the forest, andbeing chased by a bear.6.My friend smiled a bitter smile when I asked her whether she'd found all themoney she'd lost.7.Black people have a hard fight to fight before they win real equality.8.People with mood disorders often sleep a troubled sleep. They toss and turn,restlessly occupied with negative thoughts.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. Text-related(1) exclude(2) stubborn(3) devoid of(4) bow to(5) potent (6) drawbacks(7) contaminating(8) heightened(9) infected(10) come second to2. Theme-related(1) consumption(2) between(3) packed(4) evident(5) population(6) encouraging(7) grave(8) against(9) criticize(10) itselfII. TranslationStudy after study has uncovered the fact that there is a close correlation between food and a number of chronic diseases. For example, a decreased risk of certain chronic diseases is associated with an increased consumption of plant-based foods. Therefore, in the past decade, the American Dietetic Association has urged Americans to reduce their intake of animal fats, and to boost consumption of fruits, vegetables, and grains. Meanwhile, the United States Department of Agriculture has released a document containing the food guide pyramid, which encourages a minimum of three vegetable and two fruit servings per day. However, many Americans still don’t meet / listen to these recommendations.UNIT3VocabularyI. 1.1) invitation2) eloquent3) concede4) contradictory5) conceals6) guilty7) generalize8) get caught in9) for now10) as a last resort2.1)Non-smoking area. John’s very intolerant of people who smoke.2)She is an interesting character, and a bit of a mystery to me.3)Because it does not reveal their marital status.4)We are planning on trekking through the Malaysian Rainforest.5)He muttered something under his breath that I couldn’t understand.6)They may need to wear protective rubber gloves and clothing.7)The chairperson said sometimes unemployment tempted the youth into criminalactivities.8)Though she never admitted it, the look on her face when I mentioned James’ namegave her away.3.1)Throughout history, people have been intrigued by the question of whether thereis intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.2)The hill farmers' lot has never been easy and in recent years has been assailedby a series of major crises.3)As with most people in his family, Grey is a great talker when he's in the moodto talk.4)Few people find it necessary to condemn white lies on the grounds that they arenot real lies.5)All the evidence of your qualifications and skills that backs up the claims youm a k e i n y o u r résumé should be included.4.1)In general, everything that irritates us about others can lead us to anunderstanding of ourselves. To disregard what the world thinks of us is not only arrogant but also utterly shameless.2)Eddie was adamant that his son should never indulge in vain wishes; he believedthat it was absurd for his son to pursue a romantic but utterly impractical career in the future.3)Those considering an adventurous safari in Central Africa should be aware that thereis an extremely small, but nonetheless present, risk of encountering bandits on the road. Thus they should decide for themselves whether such potential risks will be personally acceptable to them and their companions.5.1) go around / round2) Go for3) went off4) go on5) is going on6) go about7) go along8) go through9) go by10) go overII. Usage1.The manager was chatting with the chairman of the board about something thatconcerned the future of their cooperation and I could tell that he was being careful with his words.2.Tom didn't really like the food, but he was being polite and ate quite a bit.3.He kept tapping on his teacup with his spoon because he was getting impatientwaiting for the waiter to come around.4.By handing in papers off the Internet, students are being stupid because theyrun the risk of being caught and expelled from school.5.He was being a coward by not being truthful to himself and others.6.Some of the nurses were very rude and told Edgar he was being a nuisance whenhe complained.7.Don't talk nonsense. I'm being serious.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. Text-related(1) go along(2) honesty(3) straightforward(4) indulge in(5) What about(6) dodge(7) assert(8) absurd(9) resort(10) juggle2. Theme-related(1) asserting (2) go along(3) because(4) part(5) Mistakes(6) exceptions(7) end(8) resort(9) dying(10) freedomII. TranslationThe new president of our university disapproves of the idea that we should be allowed to tell lies under certain circumstances. He believes that if people get used to telling any kind of lie, they will indulge themselves and eventually be stuck with the bad habit. To tell or not to tell a lie can sometimes become a very sticky issue, but our president insists on the notion that nobody in the world of education should dodge the responsibility of attaching primary importance to honesty while teaching the young. I agree with him. What about youUNIT4VocabularyI. 1.(1) for myself(2) concluded(3) infinite(4) internal(5) misery(6) mode(7) ventured(8) visible(9) observation(10) commended2.1)I lay in bed feeling thoroughly wretched.2)It is fragrant with the smell of apple blossom.3)They are fine specimens of the veteran revolutionaries.4)I’d like to enroll in the modern art course if it is not too late.5)The taste is slightly bitter, and it has a strange odor.3.1)The scheme does nothing to help families on low incomes and is sure to provoke/call forth/draw/ arouse criticism.2)Jenny is terribly uncertain as to whether Bob is the right boy for her.3)These goods bear no resemblance to those I saw printed in the advertisements.4)In China, where black hair and black eyes are the norm, her blond hair and blueeyes are rather conspicuous.5)We did not have time for a rehearsal before the performance because of the delayof our flight.4.1)The new parliament member, an energetic politician and ardent advocate of thewelfare system, said: "The investigation has revealed that there are still people who lead a wretched existence in our society. To leave them to their own devices is to deny them the basic human right, the right to a decent life."2)One day my professor entrusted me with a task of doing a certain experiment andmeantime gave explicit instructions that I must read his new book beforehand.The book, however, did not commend itself to me. Could I go ahead without readingit The perplexity haunted me for quite a while. Then I decided I could not look him in the face if I betrayed his trust. So I started reading his book in earnest before turning to the experiment.3)The day I left for college, my father gave me an alarm clock and an Englishlearner’s dictionary. Both proved useful in my subsequent years of study. The latter helped to make me accurate in my writing while the former helped me to be punctual. However, I had to part with the clock with reluctance later when it was proved to be beyond repair.5.1) turned to2) turned…down3) turn up4) turned out5) turned…over6) turned on7) turned away8) turns out9) turned in10) turning inII. Confusable Words1) come2) Come; bring; bring3) take; taken4) went; went; going5) went; came6) take7) bring8) come9) brought10) went / cameComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. Text-related(1) Enrolling(2) specimen(3) leave him to his own devices(4) investigation(5) By and by(6) content with(7) entrusted(8) reluctance(9) infectious (10) observation(11) mode (12) grounded in2. Theme-related(1) known (2) only(3) doing(4) assistance(5) assignment(6) simply(7) But(8) turned(9) singled(10) becauseII. TranslationWhen I enrolled in Math 202, I anticipated difficulties because I was not well grounded in mathematics in high school. The course was taught by Professor Richardson, a fine specimen of an old-fashioned gentleman, very cordial to his students. However, when it came to academic matters, he was by no means an easy person. Before he startedhis lecture, he discoursed enthusiastically on the importance of working in an orderly fashion, of being thoroughly prepared before each class, and of not being content with what you have learned. His attitude towards work was infectious, and by and by I became an ardent math lover, too.UNIT5VocabularyI 1.1) percentage 2) zone3) warmth 4) diverse5) widen 6) looked around7) in the face of 8) in perspective9) temperate 10) theoretical2.1) Its profits shrank from $5 million to $ million in the last global financial crisis.2) They will have to adhere to the cultural norms of the organization in order to be successful with their database project.3) My hometown is/lies halfway in between Salk Lake City and Denver.4) I saw waves battering (against) the rocks at the bottom of the cliff.5) Flood waters washed away the only bridge connecting the village to the outside world.3.1) Your report on the new car park is fine, but why don't you beef it up with some figures2) There is a wide variation among Internet providers in cost, features, software, reliability and customer service.3) Poverty is one of the reasons for the high incidence of crime in this neighborhood.4) I suggested we sing and dance for the elderly people in the nursing home, and all my roommates were in favor of my idea.5) Doctors who are compelled to work 36 hours at a stretch cannot possibly be fully efficient.4.1) Much of the loss of biodiversity currently being experienced is attributed to human activity. Natural extinction is being accelerated by human populations wiping out entire ecosystems for development and single crop farming. Destroying naturally diverse vegetation destroys the life sustained by that habitat. We already know the scary effects of deforestation on global warming, but do we stop to think about the thousands of animal and insect species that are dying off because of global warming2) In August 2005, some scientists from esteemed scientific organizations predicted that a temperature increase of 2 °C above the pre-industrial level could trigger the melting of the Greenland ice sheet, which would have overwhelming consequences for sea levels and biodiversity. At the current level of climate change, this prediction could become a reality in 10-15 years.3) With huge amounts of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases in the atmosphere global surface temperature would rise to a great extent, thereby melting the north and south pole glaciers causing drought, and throwing agriculture into effects would be magnified if temperatures keep going up dramatically.5.1) think back to/on 2) think … over3) thought of 4) think of …as5) think up1) picked up 2) picked out3) picked up 4) picked on5) picks atII. Word Family1. 1) contaminated 2) contaminate 3) contamination 4) uncontaminated2. 1) habitable 2) habitation 3) inhabit 4) uninhabited5) uninhabitable 6) inhabitedComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.1) beef up 2) coastal3) in favour of 4) residents5) theoretical 6) disastrous7) battered 8) shrinking9) migrate 10) washed away11) Scary 12) humanity2.1) predicting 2) accuracy3) basis 4) collide5) atmosphere 6) melts7) affected 8) actions9) striving 10) technologiesII. TranslationMost scientists no longer doubt that the world is warming up and that humanity has altered climate. They agree that the long-term effects of global warming will be disastrous for the planet and its inhabitants. What is more, climate change won’t be a smooth transition to a warmer world. Some regions will be greatly affected by abrupt climate changes. Enormous areas of densely populated land like coastal Florida would become uninhabitable. Hundreds of millions of residents would have to migrate to safer regions. Therefore, it is no surprise that global warming has made its way onto the agenda of world leaders.UNIT6VocabularyI. 1. 1) the hard way 2) solemn3) wrote out 4) champion5) ownership 6) privilege7) To be sure 8) handicap9) surge 10) cut the ground fromunder …feet2.1) The committee aims to achieve reconciliation between the twoopposing parties.2) The management's refusal to increase the minimum monthly grant.3) Public places such as metro stations, theaters, and museums havebeen made more accessible to the disabled.4) His love for the countryside brought forth a series of remarkablewatercolors.5) It embodies the ideals of freedom and equality.3.1) The books are keyed to the interests of children.2) We will not stand by and let the small village schools getclosed for lack of funds.3) Their response was in effect a refusal to our request thoughthey didn't turn it down explicitly.4) Generous to a fault, he paid for all the expenses5) We shall always feel we are deeply in your debt.4. 1) Under the leadership of Sam Walton, Wal-Mart prospered at an amazing speed. Asked about the underlying reasons for the great success, he said, "To begin with, it's the two orientations that characterize the culture of this company: cooperative with regard to making decisions, and trusting in relation to fellow workers. Every employee has a strong sense of obligation to the company and boundless enthusiasm for the work."2) Most chapters of this book are dedicated to the effects of games on children. According to the author, in performing and observing actions, like the collision of two objects, babies can have first-hand experience of the relations implicit in the phenomena. And team sports can help to shape children's personality in a positive way, because they can learn how to cooperate with each other in the competition.3) Martin Luther King and Rosa Parker had a lot in common. They were black people as well as civil rights heroes. They led black people to combat discrimination and inequality and to try to gain control over their own destinies. Faced with great difficulties and failures, they hung on and never gave up because they held to the notion that all men are created equal. (destiny, in common, combat, notion, hang on)5. 1) set out 2) set off3) set in 4) set aside5) set up 6) set about7) set off 8) set up9) set up 10) set apartII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. According to the manager, what he wants is a simple yet effective sales plan.2. Usually he was a serious man, yet this joke reduced him to hearty laughter / set him laughing heartily.3. The governor has put forward a series of policies to cut the state budget, but the effects of the new measures have yet to be seen.4. He is not yet 20, but his technical control, confidence, brilliance and intellectual depth display an outstanding maturity.5. John wouldn't let me see his essay, because he hasn't finished it yet.6. Maybe the reason scientists have yet to receive signals from extraterrestrial intelligence is that there isn't any extraterrestrial intelligence sending signals.7. She knew the sensible thing to do was to leave the place as soon as possible, yet she wanted to stay.8. Her selective yet comprehensive exhibition draws mainly from public collections, among them many of the United States' most distinguished libraries.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. 1) personalities 2) embody3) underlying 4) collision5) leadership 6) ownership7) ideals 8) champion9) the hard way 10) prospered2. 1) indication 2) sensitive3) career 4) resign5) supply 6) disciplined7) promoted 8) criticized9) surrender 10) respectedII. TranslationRobert Lee’s father’s life had been plagued by poor financial investments. He was jailed twice for unpaid debts and in the end was forced to flee th e country. Lee’s mother was the dominant force in shaping Lee’s personality. Against the poignant failure of her husband, she was determined that the tragedy should not be repeated in the life of her children. Self-control, a sense of obligation and an indomitable spirit were the virtues she taught Lee. In 1825, with an aspiration to win back the family honor, Lee began studying at West Point Military Academy. This began a new chapter of his life. Over the four years, he consistently finished near the top of every course.UNIT7VocabularyI. 1. 1) anonymous 2) piling up3) advent 4) sober up5) articulate 6) dwindle7) not least of all 8) vague9) busted 10) rotting2. 1) Its theme was that philosophy has very close links withmathematics and artificial intelligence.2) He is illiterate; worse still, he has a criminal record and livesin a world of lies and deceit.3) They carried out first aid to save the patient from bleedingto death.4) They suggested that I go for broke, and be undeterred in pursuitof my dream.5) He thinks it highly unlikely that such good luck will come hisway again.3.1) The advent of spring —symbol of renewal — has been a constanttheme in Edward's writings.2) Why those nasty things were being said of her was just beyond hercomprehension, and as for myself I have never heard anything so offensive in all my life.3) Malcolm Padina, managing director of Informix Software Inc, hascalled for a new initiative to purge the market of software pirates / software pirates from the market.4) New evidence implicated Melancia in a financial scandal in February 2008.5) Pains were tearing at my chest as I was running a two-mile race.I felt my knees sinking lower and lower as if I were running acrossquicksand.4. 1) Operating a vehicle while intoxicated is a serious offence in itself, but few cases hit the headlines unless they involve serious injury.2) Ten years ago, when Bruce R., a 57-year-old insurance broker from Southern California, was on the verge of suicide after having gambled away the trust of his family and a small remnant of business partners, little help was available. He was, at one point, advised by two doctors that he just needed to get his gambling "under control"—which is like tellinga drug addict to take drugs more moderately.3) The company was facing great financial problems due to thedevastating effects of nationwide economic depression. Naturally the CEO’s sudden resignation at such a difficult time led to great resentment from the board of directors. The only hope they had was that the banks would keep the firm from bankruptcy by accepting a reorganization plan.5. 1) fall under 2) fall behind3) had fallen apart 4) fall back on5) fall to 6) had left off7) leave out 8) Leaving aside9) be left alone 10) left behindII. Usage1. a. figurative b. literal2. a. literal b. figurative3. a. figurative b. literal4. a. literal b. figurative5. a. figurative b. literal6. a. literal b. figurativeComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. 1) legalize 2) philosophy3) sober 4) addicts5) spouses 6) deceit7) dwindle 8) pile up9) lured 10) criminal11) revenue 12) hit the headlines2. 1) indicate 2) compulsive3) addictions 4) financial5) combination 6) blueprint7) retirees 8) explosion9) identified 10) triggerII. TranslationGamblers’ family members always pay a steep price. They not only have to endure the pain of having their wealth wiped away overnight, but they are also frequently overwhelmed with feelings of depression and hopelessness.A nationwide survey found that over 2 million adults identified a spouse's gambling as a significant factor in a prior divorce. The number of divorces in a county in Mississippi has nearly tripled since the advent of casinos. The county has also witnessed increases in domestic violence since then.A considerable body of evidence showed that the expansion of legally sanctioned gambling destroys individuals, ruins families, increases crime, and ultimately costs society far more than the revenues governmentcollects.。
Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adaptedSustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutterB bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdoteCredentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtapositionTask 3 TranslationB.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。
通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。
通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。
在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。
发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。
在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。
C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture.2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view.3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice.4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience.5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing.6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech.7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible.8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly.9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary.10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful.D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be exp licit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.T ask 2 Vocabulary Developmentdevastating posed massive contribute to triple menace liability consensus entails plausibleplausible portend pin down aggravating staggeringon a par with emergence resurgence detract from inadequacyT ask 3 TranslationB．能源和人类利益有着双重关系。
