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动词时态和语态
一、动词的分类和形式：
动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。
1、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种
2、动词的4种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
3、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助
动词。1）实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动
词；2）连系动词有两种：一种表特征或状态，另一种表状态变化过程。
4、五种不同的短语动词：1）“动词+介词”；2）“动词+副词”；3）“动词+副
词+介词”；4）“动词+名词（或代词）+介词”；5）“be+形容词（包括相当于形容
词的过去分词+介词”。
二、动词的时态：
1、一般现在时的用法：1）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。2）
表示主语的特征、性格和能力。3）表示客观事实或真理。4）表示按照计划安排
好的将来行为。（只限于是go,come, leave, start, stop, be 等开始或移动意义的词。）
2、一般过去时的用法：1）表示过去的动作或状态。2）叙述过去连续发生的事
情。3）表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。
3、一般将来时的用法：1）表示将来的动作或状态。2）表示将来的经常动作。
4、现在进行时的用法：1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。2）表示现阶段正在进
行的动作。（说话时动作不一定进行。）
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5、过去进行进的用法：1）过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。2）表示移动的动词：come, start, stay, leave, go等词的过去进行时可以表示过去的将来要发生的动作。3）was going to do可以表示在过去某一时间之后发生的动作。
6、现在完成时的用法：1）表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just连用。2）表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。常与since, for连用，但for, since不能与终止性的动词连用。3）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
7、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动作对现在所产生的结果、影响。一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没什么联系。2）现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为；一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具体动作。
8、过去完成的用法：1）表示在过去某一或动作之前已经完成的动作。常与by, before等介词短语或一个状语从句或上下文暗示。2）表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for（有时可省去）或since 构成的短语或since引导的从句连用。
9、过去将来时的用法：表示对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
（一）一般现在时
1．定义：表示现在的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。
时间状语：every day; often; usually; always; seldom; sometimes
2. 一般现在时可以表示客观事实或普通真理。
3. 在让步、时间和条件状语从句中以及主语是祈使句时常用一般现在时代替将来时。
1. The geography teacher told us that the earth moves (move) around the sun.
2. Water boils (boil) at 100 ℃.
3. The careless driver has just been fined $ 10 for stopping his car at a sign that reads (read) “NO PARKING”.
4. Whatever you say (say), I will not change my mind.
5. Don’t try to run before you begin (begin) to walk.
6. I’ll go with you if I finish (finish) my work.
（二）一般过去时
定义：过去某一时间发生的动作或所处的状态。含有“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已经不这样。
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时间状语：then; at that time; just now; three days ago; yesterday; when 或while 引导的表示过去的时间状语从句
1. --- Nancy is not coming tonight. --- But she promised (promise)!
2. My uncle didn’t marry (marry) until he was forty-five.
3. --- You haven’t said a word about my new car, Brenda. Do you like it?
--- I’m sorry I didn’t say (not say) anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you. 4. --- Come on in, Peter. I want to show you something.
--- Oh, how nice of you! I never thought (think) you were (be) going to bring me a gift.
5. --- Your phone number again! I didn’t catch (not catch) it. --- It’s 9598442.
（三）一般将来时
1. 定义：将来某一时刻要发生的动作或所处的状态。
时间状语：soon; next week; tomorrow 等
(1) You are to do your homework before you watch TV. = have to / must “必须“
(2) You are to report the police. = should / ought to “应该”
(3) If we are to be there before 10, we’ll have to go now. = intend / want “打算；想”
(4) What are we to do next？用于第一人称疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。
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(5) You are not to smoke in the room. = mustn’t “禁止”，用于否定句中
(6) The news is to be found in the evening newspaper. = may / can “可以；可能”【题组训练】
1. If a man is to succeed (succeed), he must work as hard as he can.
2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to watered if they are to survive (survive).
3. Look at these clouds. It is going to rain (rain).
4. --- You’ve left the light on. --- Oh, so I have. I will go (go) and turn it off.
二、进行体考点
1. 定义
1）现在进行时：说话时或现阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
2）过去进行时：过去某个时刻或阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
2. 时间状语
1）现在进行时：now; right now等
2）过去进行时：at this time yesterday等
3. 一个长动作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作用进行体，短动作用一般体。
4. 进行体表示反复出现或习惯性动作，含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪。常与always; continually; constantly等连用。
5. 进行体表示动作的未完成性、暂时性。
1. As she was / is reading (read) the newspaper, Grammy fell / falls (fall) asleep.
2. The reporter said that the UFO was travelling (travel) east to west when he saw (see) it.
3. He is always thinking (think) of others first.
4. He is always making (make) the same mistake.
5. --- Have you moved into the new house. --- Not yet. The rooms are being painted (pain).
6. Shirley was writing (write) a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
7. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is not easy task because technology is changing (change) so rapidly.
8. I don’t really work here. I am just helping (help) out until the new secretary arrives.
三、完成体考点
（一）现在完成时
1. 定义和时间状语：
1）表示一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，（也许还将持续下去）。
时间状语：lately; recently; in the last / past few years, since then; up to now; so far 等2.) 一个发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。
时间状语：already; just; yet; never; before 等
2. 在条件、时间或让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已经完成的动作
3. 瞬间动词用完成时态不可以接一段时间的状语
瞬间动词有：come; go; get to / reach / arrive in / arrive at; leave; buy; sell; open; close; get up; join / take part in; begin / start; return; give; borrow; lend; become; turn; bring; take; die; finish / end
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; receive / hear form; marry; break; lose; jump
1. In the past few years, great changes have taken (take) place in my hometown.
2. He has been (be) busy writing a book recently.
3. He has written (write) 8 books so far.
4. He has already turned (turn) off the light. (the light is off now)
5. Has the concert started (start) yet? (Is the concert on now?)
6. I have never seen (see) the film. (I don’t know the film now)
7. I will not believe you unless I have seen (see) it with my own eyes.
8. I will go with you as soon as I have finished (finish) my work.
9. 改错1) He has come to Beijing since last year.
He has been / lived in Beijing since last year.
He came to Beijing last year.
2) He has joined the army for 3 years.
He has served in the army for 3 years.
He joined the army 3 years ago.
He has been a soldier for 3 years.
It is / has been three years since he joined the army.
(二) 过去完成时
1. 定义：一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件发生在它之前的动作用过去完成时。
时间状语：before; 或从句和上下文。
2. 从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到过去的另一时间的动作。
时间状语：by then; by that time; by the end of + 过去时间
3. 表示过去未能实现的愿望和意图。如：mean; expect; hope; intend; want; think; suppose
1. She had learned (learn) some English before she came to the institute.
2. He said that he had been (be) around for 3 years.
3. By then he had learned (learn) English for 3 years.
4. Until then he had known (know) nothing about it yet.
5. I had meant (mean) to help you, but I was so busy at the moment.
6. I had hoped (hope) to meet Mr. Smith this morning, but I found nobody left in the room.
四、现在完成进行时
表示一个动作从过去开始，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。具有未完成性、暂时性和一定的感情色彩。
1. We have been learning (learn) English for 5 years.
2. --- Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?
--- No, but we have been trying (try) to get in touch with them ever since.
五、固定句型中的时态搭配
1. This is the first time that I have come (come) here.
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2. It is / has been (be) more than 2 years since we went to Tumote Middle school.
3. No sooner had I got (get) home than the rain poured down.
4. The conference will have lasted (last) a full week by the time it ends.
outside, the bus had already left (leave).
5. I was about to leave (leave) the room when the phone rang .
was cut off .
（一）一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：
1. I read (read) the novel last month.
2. I have already read (read) the novel written by the world-famous writer.
【总结】
1. 现在完成时“利用过去，说明现在”，不能同表示过去的时间状语连用。
2. 一般过去时“仅谈过去，不关现在”，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
（二）一般过去时和过去完成时的区别
1. The little girl ___ her heart out because she ____ her toy bear and believed she wasn ’t ever
going to find it.
A. had cried; lost C. has cried; has lost D. cries; has lost
2. --- Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
--- Oh! I thought they _____ without me.
A. went
B. are going
C. have gone 【总结】
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两种时态建立的时间参照点不同：一般过去时是对说话时刻而言
过去完成时是对某一时刻而言
（三）现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
1. I have read that book. 我已经读过那本书了。
2. I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。
【总结】
两者都可以表示“从开始一直持续到”
如着重表示动作的时，多用现在完成时
如着重表示动作的时，多用现在完成进行时
何时用被动语态
1. --- George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
--- No. I (not invite). Did they have a big wedding?
2. --- The window is dirty.
--- I know. It (not clean) for weeks.
3. All the employees except the manager (encourage) to work online at home.
【总结】
1. 谁是动作的执行者，或指明谁是动作的执行者。
2. 需要或动作的承受者或事件本身。
二、使用被动语态需要注意的问题
（一）主动变被动时双宾语的变化
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
（二）主动变被动时，原来做宾语补足语的不定式前需要加to
The boss made him work all day long.
这样的动词主要有“一感；二听；三让；五看”：
（三）短语动词变被动语态时，不可丢掉动词后的介词或副词
1. She took good care of the children.
2. You should pay attention to your spelling.
（四）情态动词变被动语态，只需要将之后的动词原形变为be + 过去分词
1. We must prevent him from going.
2. We ought to put the plan into practice as soon as possible.
（五）get + 动词过去分词也可以表示被动语态，多用于口语中
1. 那位病人一周得到一次治疗。
2. 他从车上掉下来，摔死了。
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三、主动形式表示被动意义
（一）系动词+形容词构成系表结构时
1. 苹果吃起来味道很好。
2. 这朵花闻起来真香。
3. 这则消息证明是真实的。
4. 棉花摸起来很柔软。
5. 肉已经变质了。
系动词：（1）感觉:
（2）变得：
（3）保持：
（4）似乎：
（5）其他:
（二）表示开始、结束、运动的动词在表示主语的某种属性时。如：begin; start; finish; open; close; stop; end; shut; run; move 等
1. 商店每天六点关门。
2. 会议于10月26日结束。
3. 这扇窗户关不上。
4. 不要关上这扇窗户。
5. 很多花都是早晨张开晚上合上。
（三）表示主语的品质和状态的动词带副词修饰语时。如：read; write; wash; clean; cook; cut; wear; sell; dry; drink; eat等
1. 这种布易洗。
2. 这些小说卖得不好。
3. 我的钢笔写起来很流畅。
4. 这把刀很好使。
（四）少数动词用于进行时的时候。如：print; cook; fly; hang; build; make等
1. 这些书正在印刷中。
2. 肉正在锅里煮着呢。
3. 我的雨衣在门后挂着呢。. （五）少数动词的ing 形式可以主动表被动，而用不定式时，必须用被动形式。如：need; want; require
而形容词worth 后面接动词ing 形式也是主动表被动。
1. 这张桌子需要修理了。
2. 这本书很值得读。
（六）不定式做名词的后置定语时，与被修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又与句子的主语或宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动表被动。
1. 我有个重要的会议要参加。
2. 我将给这些孩子一些好书读。
(七) 动词不定式在某些形容词（如：difficult; hard; easy; comfortable; safe等）后面做状语时，与句子的主语或宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式常用主动表被动。
1. 这本书对于我们很难理解。
2. 我们发现学好英语很容易。
(八) there be 句式中，修饰主语的动词不定式用主动或被动均可，但口语中常用主动形式。
动词时态和语态教案 徐红平 2012-9
动词时态和语态 目标：1. 掌握英语的八种基本时态和几种常考时态 2. 了解并熟练掌握高考的几种热点时态 3. 区分并正确运用几种易混时态 一、英语的常见时态： 练兵场——稳操胜券 1. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 ______ off at 18∶20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken 答案A 解析: 飞机、火车等按时刻表运行，表达时用一般现在时表将来。 2. The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She_before. A. hasn’t flown B. didn’t fly C. hadn’t flown D. wasn’t flying 答案C 解析: hadn’t flown动作发生在was nervous之前。 3. My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He ______ there for a few months and then went to America. A. worked B. would work C. would be working D. has been working 答案A 解析: 考查一般过去时的基本用法。句中并列连词and连接两个发生在过去的顺承的动作，时态应该一致。 4. -- Your job ______ open for your return.
高考英语语法专题复习动词时态和语态 Document number：PBGCG-0857-BTDO-0089-PTT1998
高考英语语法复习专题：动词时态和语态 一、考点聚焦 1、动词时态考查要点简述 （1）一般现在时考点分析 ①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制） The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100o C. ②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用 动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。 Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other. ③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如： I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to Middle School. ④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。 If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。 ⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一 个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。 The shop closes at 11:00 . every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday.
一、选择题 1．--Look! Someone the classroom. --Well,it wasn't me. I didn't do it. A．is cleaning B．was cleaning C．has cleaned D．will clean 2．—Mom, can you teach me how to pronounce the words? —Wait a minute. I ________. A．am cooking B．cook C．cooked D．will cook 3．— Look at my new watch. —Well, it’s so cool! When and where________you buy it? A．Do B．will C．did D．Are 4．Boys and girls, there ________an English speech competition in two weeks. A．will have B．has C．is going to be D．are going to be 5．Wang Wei often ________ TV on Sunday evenings, but now he is _______ stories. A．watches; reading B．watching; reads C．looks; reading D．watches; looking 6．It’s 4:00 p.m. The students _____ in the pool. A．swim B．swam C．swims D．are swimming 7．I like this dress very much. It soft and smooth. A．feels B．touches C．is felt D．is touched 8．My mother will be very angry with me when she out where I have been. A．finds B．found C．will find D．has found 9．—________ a remake (翻拍) of the famous Disney movie Lion King in July, 2019. — Really? I can't wait to see it. A．There will have B．There is going to have C．There will be 10．Sorry, Jenny isn’t here. She________ up some lights in the garden. A．put B．puts C．is putting D．has put 11．—I called you at three yesterday afterno on, but you weren’t in. —I ________ a meeting at that time. A．had B．was having C．have had D．would have 12．—How long can I _____ the English workbook? —For two weeks. A．borrow B．to borrow C．keep D．to keep 13．— Could you please tell me yesterday? — In the bookshop nearby. A．Where you bought the book B．Where you buy the book C．Where did you buy the book D．Where do you buy the book 14．— Have you ever been anywhere for a trip? — A trip? I ________ away from my hometown even once. A．went B．have gone C．have been D．have never been
1. The sun ________ in the east. A. is always rising B. always is rising C. rises always D. always rises 2. He often ________ his clothes on Sundays. A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash 3. I ’m Japanese. Where ________ from ？ A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming 4. A mother who ________ her son will do everything for his happiness. A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved 5. ________ at a higher temperature than water ？ A. Has milk boiled B. Is milk boiling C. Does milk boil D. Was milk boiling 6. He signed to us with his hand, “ The lesson is over. You ________. ” A. dismissed B. are dismissed C. have dismissed D. were dismissed 7. I haven ’ t met him for ages, but his mother ________ him sometimes. A. had still seen B. still sees C. has still seen D. still saw 8. We will start as soon as our team leader________ . A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming 9. I think Jack ________ the answer. A. has known B. does know C. is knowing D. knows 10. My father ________ George quite well; they were introduced at a party. A. is knowing B. was knowing C. knows D. had been knowing 11. Where ________ ？ A. Mary works B. works Mary C. does Mary works D. does Mary work 12. I think this question ________ to answer. A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. Both A and B 13. ________ oil or butter when you cook it ？ A. Do you use B. Did you use C. Were you using D. Have you used
动词的时态和语态 （一）动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用 often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如： a. He goes to school every day. b. He is very happy. earth moves around the sun. 2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如： a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside. 3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如： a. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. 4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。 a. I like English very much. b. The story sound very interesting. 5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。 2.一般现在时的用法 1）表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。
新目标初中英语总复习资料精品讲义(二) 动词的时态与语态的综合运用 确定正确的时态 1.根据时间状语确定时态.时间状语与时态有着密切的关系. ①. I ____ ____ (write) now. ②. I ____ __(lose) my pen yesterday. ③. We ______ _____ (study) English for two years. 2.根据上下文来确定时态 有些句子没有明显的时间状语,又不能用时态呼应规则来对照,这时就可以根据上下文内容来判断时间关系,确定正确时态. A: Where are the twins? B: They ______ (go) to visit Uncle Wang. 3.根据主从句的关系来确定时态. 4.根据语言习惯来确定时态 *come,go,leave 等趋向性动词的进行时可用来表示即将发生的动作. *永恒的真理和客观存在的状态用一般现在时. *祈使句中,或在情态动词,助动词后,谓语动词用原形 Don't (read) in the sun, will you? You'd better (stay) at home since it's raining outside. 注意所填动词的语态: Today both basketball and volleyball __ _______(play) in many countries. 确定动词的形式: 1. be busy, what/how about 等后用动词的-ing 形式. 2.在介词后一般应用动词的-ing 形式. 3.在keep, enjoy, finish, mind 等动词后采用动词的--ing 形式. 4.在动词decide, hope, wish, hate 等动词后应用动词不定式作宾语,而在ask, tell, want, teach 之后则用动词不定式的复合结构,即“ask sb. to do sth.”的形式 5.在see, hear, watch, make, let 等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式应省略动词不定式符号“to”,但在被动句中, 应添上"to". 6.在It’s time(for sb.)to do sth. 和It's kind/nice/good of sb. to do sth. 和It takes sb. some time to do sth. 的句型中, 动词不定式短语作句子真正的主语. 7.疑问代词/副词(why 除外) + to do sth. 结构,可在句中作主语, 表语和宾语. 练习题： 1. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from ________(blow) the earth away. 2. Mr. Smith kept on (ask) the players to remember-----TEAMWORK 3. Alice didn't hear what the teacher said just now, so she doesn't know how ____ (do) the problem. 4. The policeman asked the old granny to put down her heavy box and let him ______ (carry) it for her. 5.用help, happen, listen, have, ask, be, plant, miss, leave, look 的适当形式填空: (1).Wang Hai is a good comrade. He always does his best ________others. (2).Dig the hole big enough, or the trees can’t ___________well . (3).It's time for class. Let's stop _______to the teacher. (4).Her face turned red when she _______ to sing a song for all of us.
初中英语动词时态语态讲义（附练习和答案） 11. 动词的时态 11.1 一般现在时的用法 1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3）表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 11.2 一般过去时的用法 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？ 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。 3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。 4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
英语动词时态讲解 动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如： a. He goes to school every day. b. He is very happy. c.The earth moves around the sun. 2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如： a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside. 3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如： a. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. 4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。 a. I like English very much. b. The story sound very interesting. 5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。 2.一般现在时的用法 1）表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。 a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. He worked in a factory in 1986. 2)表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。 I used to smoke. During the vacation I would be in the sea. 注：”used to “表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。“would + 动词原形”没有“现在不再……”含义。另外“to be used to+名词（动名词）”表示“习惯于…..” I am used to the climate here. He is used to swimming in winter. 3.一般将来时的用法 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了“ will 或shall + 动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。 It is going to rain. We are going to have a meeting today. 2）“be to + 动词原形” 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。 The boy is to go to school tomorrow. Are we to go on with this work? 3) “be about to+ 动词原形” 表示即将发生的动作，意为be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟时间状语。We are about to leave. 4) go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。I’m leaving for Beijing. 5) 某些动词(如come, go ,leave, arrive, start, get , stay 等)的一般现在时也可表示将来。 The meeting starts at five o’clock. He gets off at the next stop. 4.现在进行时的用法 1）现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，由“to be + 现在分词” 构成。另外，“系动词+ 介词或副词” 也表示进行时的意义。What are you doing? The bridge is under construction. 2）表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词（如have, be , here, se, like 等）一般不用进行。 5.过去进行时的用法 1）过去进行时过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作，由“ was (were) + 现在分词”构成。 In 1980 he was studying in a university. He was reading a novel when I came in. 6.现在完成时的用法现在完成时由“have + 过去分词其使用有两种情况： 1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。 He has gone to Fuzhou. He has been to Fuzhou. 2) 现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去常用for 和since表示一段时间的状语或so far , now, today, this wek (month, year ) 等表示包括现在内的状语。 He has studied English for 5 years. He has studied English since 1985. Now I have finished the work.. 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词（如come, go , die, marry, buy 等）的完成时不能与for, since 等表示一般时间的词连用。 3）现在完成进行时还可用时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。I’ll go o your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park. 7．过去完成时的用法 1）过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成。过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句中常用by, before, until, when 等词引导的时间状语。
动词的时态和语态 一、.英语动词的形式： 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1) 动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后，或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态或被动语态，或语法规定的其他情况。 英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、现在分词和过去分 二、动词的时态 动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常
用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时 结构：do/does have/has be(am/is/are) 标志语：often，always，usually，sometimes,never,every day ,in +时间段，等。 （1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示主语的身份和特征 a. He goes to school every day. b. He is a student/handsome. (2)表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. (3)少数动词用于谈论时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的事情。此类动词有begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等 The train leaves at 8:50. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. （4) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。常考的此类从句有：as soon as，until，if和when引导的从句。 a. If you come this a fternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When he graduates, I’ll go to coun tryside. 2.一般过去时 结构：did 标志语：yesterday，the day before yesterday，...ago，last..., in 1998 (1) 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去习惯性经常性的动作或者状态。 a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast when she was at middle school. (2)表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。 I used to smoke. During the vacation I would swim in the sea. ※”used to “表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。 “be used to”+名词（动名词）”表示“习惯于….. a. I am used to the climate here. b. He is used to swimming in winter. （3）在具体的语境中表示“刚刚；刚才”，而暗含“现在不那样了”。 Oh, it’s you, John. I didn’t know you were here. 3.一般将来时 结构：will do、shall do、be (is、am、are) going to do 标志语：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next...，in + 时间段，in 2010等 （1）表示将来的动作或状态 We will travel Beijing tomorrow. （2）几种表达将来的区别 1）“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划或打算要发生的动作或者按迹象要发生的事情。We are going to have a meeting today. It’s going to rain. “be to + 动词原形” 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。 The boy is to go to school tomorrow. Are we to go on with this work? “be about to“+ 动词原形” 表示即将发生的动作，意为be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟时间状语。We were about to leave when it rained. （3）go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。
初中英语动词时态和语态讲解 动词的时态和语态 （一）动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如： a. He goes to school every day. b. He is very happy. c.The earth moves around the sun. 2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如： a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside. 3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如： a. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. 4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。 a. I like English very much. b. The story sound very interesting. 5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。 2.一般现在时的用法 1）表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。 a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. He worked in a factory in 1986. 2)表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。I used to smoke. During the vacation I wouldm in the sea. 注：”used to “ 表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。“would + 动词原形”没有“现在不再……”含义。另外“to be used to +名词（动名词）”表示“习惯于…..” a. I am used to the climate here. b. He is used tomming in winter. 3.一般将来时的用法 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了“ will 或shall + 动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。 It is going to rain. We are going to have a meeting today.
动词时态和语态 一、动词的分类和形式： 动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。 1、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种 2、动词的4种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。 3、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。1）实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动词；2）连系动词有两种：一种表特征或状态，另一种表状态变化过程。 4、五种不同的短语动词：1）“动词+介词”；2）“动词+副词”；3）“动词+副词+介词”；4）“动词+名词（或代词）+介词”；5）“be+形容词（包括相当于形容词的过去分词+介词”。 二、动词的时态： 1、一般现在时 一般现在时的构成：当主语是非第三人称单数时：主语+动词原形 当主语是第三人称单数时：主语+动词的第三人称单数形式（动词的词尾要加-S）（规则：一般的动词词尾+S.以sh/ch/s/x结尾的词+es.以辅音字母Y结尾的把Y变成i,+es.辅音字母+o结尾的+es.) 。 一般现在时的用法：1）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 2）表示客观事实或真理及自然现象，此用法即使出现在过去语境中，也用一般现在时态。如：The sun rises in the east. 3）用于here,there开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。如：There goes the bell. Here comes the bus. 2、一般过去时的用法： 一般过去时表示过去发生而现在已结束的动作或状态,常和a moment ago,last year,yesterday,at that time,in the past等表示过去的时间副词连用. She was a little girl at that time. 一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作.一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的事情. 句式：主语+过去动词+其他 构成：主语+动词的过去式.动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词. 规则动词的过去式变化如下： 一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如： worked played wanted acted 以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如： lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如： studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如： stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped 注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆. 3、一般将来时的用法：1）表示将来的动作或状态。 在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week / mon th, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状语。 一般将来时的基本用法及构成 一般将来时的基本用法是表示单纯的将来事实，由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成 表示将来时间的几种常见方法
初中英语动词时态语态练习题
1. The sun ________ in the east. A. is always rising B. always is rising C. rises always D. always rises 2. He often ________ his clothes on Sundays. A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash 3. I’m Japanese. Where ________ from? A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming 4. A mother who ________ her son will do everything for his happiness. A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved 5. ________ at a higher temperature than water? A. Has milk boiled B. Is milk boiling C. Does milk boil D. Was milk boiling 6. He signed to us with his hand, “The lesson is over. You ________.” A. dismissed B. are dismissed C. have dismissed D. were dismissed 7. I haven’t met him for ages, but his mother ________ him sometimes. A. had still seen B. still sees C. has still seen D. still saw 8. We will start as soon as our team leader________ . A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming 9. I think Jack ________ the answer. A. has known B. does know C. is knowing D. knows 10. My father ________ George quite well; they were introduced at a party. A. is knowing B. was knowing C. knows D. had been knowing 11. Where ________ ? A. Mary works B. works Mary C. does Mary works D. does Mary work 12. I think this question ________ to answer. A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. Both A and B 13. ________ oil or butter when you cook it ? A. Do you use B. Did you use C. Were you using D. Have you used 14. I ________ some newspaper at seven yesterday evening. A. am reading B. read C. was reading D. will read 15. Now he ________ a book about New York. I don’t think he will finish it. A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. is writing 16. Zhang Hua does a lot of housework every evening, but now he ________ his schoolmates with their lessons. A. help B. is helping C. helps D. has helped 17. Mother washes the girl’s hair. Look, she ________ . A. is washing it now B. washes it C. is washing them now D. washes them now 18. He usually listens to the radio, but at the present moment he ________ television. A. watches B. is watching C. has watched D. had watched 19. How long ago ________ playing with soldiers? A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop 20. Look at John! What ________ ? A. does he B. he is doing C. is he doing D. does he do