自考英语二不规则动词表复习

初中英语一. AAA型：即原形、过去式和过去分词三式都相同。

口诀1：（三句口诀任选一种）（10个单词）助记口诀①：花钱cost 切割cut（门窗），（头被）撞击hit，（心）受伤hurt；让let 读书read 放put；安置set 关闭shut 传播spread （厂）助记口诀②：2H（hit, hurt) 花钱(cost) 让(let) 3S(set,shut,spread) 放(put)（下）读书(read)（去）切割（cut)助记口诀③：让（let）他放（put）下砍（cut）刀去读（read）书，以免伤害（hurt）头被撞（hit)，还要花钱（cost）安置(set) 关闭（shut) 传播（spread)厂。

AAA型（原形→原形→原形）原形过去式过去分词汉语意思cost cost cost 花费，值cut cut cut 切，割hit hit hit 撞，击hurt hurt hurt 使…伤痛let let let 让put put put 放read read read 读set set set 安排，安置shut shut shut 关闭spread spread spread 传播，散布注意： read ---read--- read发音分别是： [ri:d]---[red]---[red]二. AAB型：即原形和过去式相同口诀2：打败天下无敌手，分加en（1个单词）原形过去式过去分词汉语意思beat beat beaten 打败三. ABA型：即动词的过去分词与原形相同。

口诀3：跑、来、成为、超越，元音字母变成a（4个单词）原形过去式过去分词汉语意思become became become 成为come came come 来run ran run跑overcome overcame overcome 超越不规则动词助记表四. ABB型：即动词的过去式和过去分词相同。

口诀4：教书被抓，有a则a,aught (2个单词）原形→aught →aught原形过去式过去分词汉语意思catch caught caught 捉,抓teach taught taught 教口诀5：想带来买（个）打架，无a则o, ought (4个单词）原形→ought →ought原形过去式过去分词汉语意思bring brought brought 带来buy bought bought 买fight fought fought 打架think thought thought 思考口诀6：加速射击喂牛遇见领导，“过分”后一个元音字母去掉了。

不规则动词表（变化规律）原型过去式过去分词一,A─A─A（动词原型,过去式,过去分词相同）27个单词bet bet/betted bet/betted打赌burst burst burst破裂,爆发cast cast cast投掷,估计broadcast broadcast broadcast广播broadcasted broadcastedforecast forecast forecast预报forecasted forecastedovercast overcast overcast覆盖recast recast recast重做,重铸cost cost cost花费,价值cut cut cut割,切hit hit hit打,击中hurt hurt hurt伤害,刺痛let let let让,出租put put put放,安置read read read读set set set放,安置shed shed shed流出beset beset beset包围,困扰spit spit/spat spit/spat吐,唾reset reset reset重新安排shut shut shut关闭upset upset upset推翻,颠覆spread spread spread展开,伸展thrust thrust thrust插,刺overspread overspread overspread布满,扩张outspread outspread outspread伸展,扩张sweat sweat/sweated sweat/sweated出汗wet wet/wetted wet/wetted弄湿二,A─B─A（动词原型与过去分词相同）7个单词come came come来run ran run跑,进行become became become成为outrun outran outrun超过,逃脱overcome overcame overcome克服overrun overran overrun侵占,蔓延rerun reran rerun重新进行三,A─B─A（e）n（过去分词在原型加（e）n）17个单调be(am,is are)was/were been是eat ate eaten吃overeat overate overeaten吃得太多fall fell fallen倒下give gave given给,授予befall befell befallen落到forgive forgave forgiven原谅see saw seen看misgive misgave misgiven疑虑foresee foresaw foreseen预见shake shook shaken摇动,震动oversee oversaw overseen俯瞰take took taken拿,取,获得betake betook betaken使用mistake mistook mistaken误会,弄错overtake overtook overtaken追上undertake undertook undertaken承担四,A─B─B（过去式与过去分词同）1,过去式和过去分词都含有ought或aught 8个单词bring brought brought带来buy bought bought买catch caught caught抓住,感染fight fought fought战斗seek sought sought寻找,探索teach taught taught讲授think thought thought想bethink bethought bethought想起,2,词尾有-ild,-end时,只需要把d变成t.6个单词bend bent bent弯曲,屈服build built built建造,建筑,lend lent lent借给,贷（款）, rebuild rebuilt rebuilt重建,改造send sent sent发送,寄,派遣spend spent spent花费,消耗3,动词后加d或t,构成过去式和过去分词（ee→e,　ll→l）25个单词burn burnt burnt烧burned burnedcreep crept crept爬,蔓延deal dealt dealt处置,分配misdeal misdealt misdealt发错（牌）dream dreamt dreamt做梦,想到flee fled fled逃,消失feel felt felt感觉hear heard heard听见keep kept kept保持overhear overheard overheard偷听kneel knelt/kneeled knelt/kneeled跪下lean leant leant倾斜leap leapt leapt跳,跃leaped leapedlearn learnt learnt学习learned learnedoverleap overleapt overleapt跳过,越过lie lied lied躺,说谎lay lainmean meant meant意思,用意sleep slept slept睡觉oversleep overslept overslept睡过头smell smelt smelt闻到smelled smelledspell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled拼写spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled溢出spoil spoilt spoilt损坏spoiled spoiledsweep swept swept打扫weep wept wept哭泣4,把ell变成old构成过去式和过去分词sell sold sold出售tell told told告诉foretell foretold foretold预言,预测retell retold retold再讲,复述5,动词原形ay结尾,改aid构成过去式和过去分词lay laid laid放置,下蛋pay paid paid支付inlay inlaid inlaid插入镶嵌repay repaid repaid偿还,报复, mislay mislaid mislaid误放say said said说overlay overlaid overlaid覆盖　relay relaid relaid重放,转播,接替6,改变元音字母,构成过去式和过去分词33个单词bind bound bound缚,束bleed bled bled出血cling clung clung粘紧,坚持clothe clad/clothed clad/clothed给…穿衣dig dug dug挖feed fed fed饲养,喂养overfeed overfed overfed给…喂食过多find found found发现fling flung flung投,掷grind ground ground磨,碾hold held held握,拿hang hung/hanged hung/hanged悬挂withhold withheld withheld抑制overhang overhung overhung悬垂light lit/lighted lit/lighted照亮lead led led领导lose lost lost丢失mislead misled misled误导meet met met遇见shine shone/shined shone/shined照耀,sit sat sat坐outshine outshone outshone比…更亮, shoe shod/shoed shod/shoed给..穿上鞋shoot shot shot射击overshoot overshot overshot打过头,越过slide slid slid滑动backslide backslid backslid倒退,堕落spin spun spun纺纱,旋转stick stuck stuck钉住,刺sting stung stung刺,叮strike struck struck/striken打,击,win won won胜利wring wrung wrung绞,扭注意：1,元音为双元音,如ee,oo,ea则改单元音如：bleed→bled出血feed→fed喂养meet→met遇见shoot→shot射击lead→led领导2,词尾为ind则改ound如：bind→bound缚,束find→found发现grind→gound磨,碾3,元音字母为i则多改为u如：cling→clung粘紧,坚持dig→dug挖stick→stuck钉住,刺strike→struck打,击sting→stung刺,叮wring→wrung绞,扭7,改变元辅音字母,构成过去式和过去分词leave left left离开have/has had had有stand stood stood站立,经受understand understood understood明白misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood误解withstand withstood withstood抵挡,反抗8,改变辅音字母,构成过去式和过去分词make made made制造五,A─B─C（动词原型,过去式和过去分词都不相同）1变单词重读节中的元音字母,“i”分别为“a”和“u构成过去式和过去分词”7个begin began begun开始drink drank drunk喝ring rang rung按铃,响sing sang sung唱sink sank sunk下沉swim swan swum游泳spring sprang sprung跳,跃出（n,春天）2,词尾为ow,aw时,过去式将其变为ew,过去分词在原形后加n（show除外）blow blew blown吹draw drew dawn拉,拖,画overdraw overdrew overdrawn夸大,透支withdraw withdrew withdrown收回,缩回,退出know knew known知道grow grew grown生长outgrow outgrew outgrown长出,蔓生throw threw thrown投,扔foreknow foreknew foreknown预知overthrow overthrew overthrown推翻,打倒show showed shown/showed出示,展示3,词尾为“i+辅音（1个）+e”过去式将i改o,过去分词在动词原形后加n 如果辅音字母为d或t,须双写（give,hide除外）11个单词arise arose arisen出现,上升drive drove driven驾驶ride rode ridden骑,乘rise rose risen上升bestride bestrode bestridden骑,跨过outride outrode outridden骑得比…更好override overrode overridden奔越过,践踏stride strode stridden跨过,大步走strive strove/strived striven/strived奋斗write wrote written写underwrite underwrote underwritten写在…下面give gave given给hide hid hidden/hid躲藏4,过去式的元音为o,过去分词在过去式后加（e）n。

自考英语（二）不规则动词表 中文 原形动词 过去式 过去分词 1 出现，升起 arise arose arisen 2 开始 begin began begun 3 吹 blow blew blown 4 打断 break broke broken 5 选择 choose chose chosen 6 做 do did done 7 画 draw drew drawn 8 喝 drink drank drunk 9 开车,驾驶 drive drove driven 10 吃 eat ate eaten 11 落下 fall fell fallen 12 飞 fly flew flown 13 冻结 freeze froze frozen 14 给 give gave given 15 去 go went gone 16 长大 grow grew grown 17 知道 know knew known 18 误解, 弄错 mistake mistook mistaken 19 成长速度超 outgrow outgrew outgrown 20 骑 ride rode ridden 21 响铃 ring rang rung 22 上升 rise rose risen 23 看 see saw seen 24 摇 shake shook shaken 25 唱 sing sang sung 26 下沉，沉没 sink sank sunk 27 说 speak spoke spoken 28 偷 steal stole stolen 29 发誓 swear swore sworn 30 游泳 swim swam swum 31 拿 take took taken 32 撕，扯破 tear tore torn 33 扔 throw threw thrown 34 穿 wear wore worn 35 写 write wrote written 现在分词为：writing 以下各词过去式与过去分词相同 36 弯曲 bend bent bent 37 捆 bind bound bound 38 带来 bring brought brought 39 建造 build built built 40 买 buy bought bought 41 抓住 catch caught caught 42 挖 dig dug dug 43 喂 feed fed fed 44 觉得 feel felt felt 45 找到 find found found 46 打仗 fight fought fought 47 有 have had had 48 听 hear heard heard 49 抓 拿 hold held held 50 保持 keep kept kept 51 放 lay laid laid 52 领导 lead led led 53 离开 leave left left 54 借出 lend lent lent 55 丢失 lose lost lost 56 制做 make made made 57 意思是 mean meant meant 58 遇见 meet met met 59 误解，误会 misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood 60 恐慌 panic panicked panicked 61 付钱 pay paid paid 62 说 say said said 63 寻求 seek sought sought 64 卖 sell sold sold 65 送 send sent sent 66 射击 shoot shot shot 67 坐 sit sat sat 68 睡 sleep slept slept 69 花费 spend spent spent 70 站 stand stood stood 71 扫 sweep swept swept 72 教 teach taught taught 73 告诉 tell told told 74 想 think thought thought 75 知道 understand understood understood 76 哭泣 weep wept wept 77 赢 win won won 78 吹风，绕 wind wound wound 下列各词的原形、过去式、过去分词都一样 79 爆炸 burst burst burst 80 投 扔 cast cast cast 81 价值 花费 cost cost cost 82 切 cut cut cut 83 打击 hit hit hit 84 伤害 hurt hurt hurt 85 让 let let let 86 放 put put put 87 读 read read read 88 流出 shed shed shed 89 关闭 shut shut shut 90 分离 split split split 91 伸开 spread spread spread 92 插 刺 thrust thrust thrust 93 弄翻 心烦 upset upset upset 下列各词的原形和过去分词相同 94 变得 成为 become became become 95 来 come came come 96 跑 run ran run 97、98是特殊变化 97 击打 beat beat beaten 98 忍受 出生 bear bore born / borne 98以后各词的过去式或过去分词为两可型 99 咬 bite bit bit / bitten 100 忘记 forget forgot forgot/ forgotten 101 得到 get got got / gotten 102 躲藏 hide hid hid / hidden 103 证实 prove proved proved / proven 104 缝 sew sewed sewed / sewn 105 出示 展 示 show showed showed / shown 106 打击 strike struck struck / stricken 107 唤醒 awake awoke / awaked awoke /awaked 108 打赌 bet bet / betted bet / betted 109 广播 broadcast broadcast/broadcasted broadcast/broadcasted 110 燃烧 burn burnt / burned burnt /burned 111 做梦 dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt / dreamed 112 适合 fit fit /fitted fit / fitted 113 * 处死 hang hanged hanged 113 悬挂 hang hung hung 114 倾斜 lean leant / leaned leant /leaned 115 学习 learn learnt / learned learnt / learned 116 * 撒谎 lie lied lied 116 躺 lie lay lain 117 摆脱 rid rid / ridded rid / ridded 118 发光 shine shined / shone shined /shone 119 嗅 , 闻 smell smelled / smelt smelled / smelt 120 加速 speed sped /speeded sped /speeded 121 拼写 spell spelt / spelled spelt /spelled 122 溢出 spill spilt / spilled spilt /spilled 123 醒 wake woke / waked woke /waked / woken 124 弄湿 wet wet / wetted wet / wetted　自学考试《英语一》、《英语二》重点难点分析英语 ( 一 )( 二 ) 试卷结构• 单选 10 分 语法 \ 词汇• 完型填空 10 分 语法 \ 词汇 ,• 阅读 3 篇 30 分• 单词 20 个 10 分• 语法填空 10 分• 中译英 5 句 15 分• 英译中 一段 15 分• 英语 ( 一 )( 二 ) 在语法要求上没有太大的区别 . 英语 ( 二 )主要是词汇和阅读理解能力的加深 .英语 ( 一 ) 试卷结构 2003 年 4 月份• 单选完型 语法 12 分 词汇 8 分• 语法填空 语法 10 分• 翻译 语法 约 20 分 词汇 约 10 分• ------------------------------------------------------- • 语法 42 分 词汇 18 分• 阅读 30 分 有一些题相对简单• 单词 10 分英语 ( 二 ) 试卷结构 2003 年 4 月份• 单选完型 语法 13 分 词汇 7 分• 语法填空 语法 10 分• 翻译 语法 约 20 分 词汇 约 10 分• ------------------------------------------------------ • 语法 43 分 词汇 17 分• 阅读 30 分 有一些题相对简单• 单词 10 分考试重点语法虚拟语态、倒装句、主谓一致、介词、连词时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词 ( 不定式、动名词、分词 )并列句、复合句 ( 主从 , 宾从 , 表从 , 定从 , 状从 , 同位从 ) 1. 简单句和并列句主谓 , 主谓状 I study hard.情态动词 + 实意动词构成谓语 . I shall go.主谓宾 , 主谓介宾 I study English.I look at the blackboard.主系表 I am a student. The leaves turn red.主谓双宾 I give him a present.主谓宾宾补 I let you do it.I ask you to do it.定 状 语 A red book.Work hard.并 列 句 I worked and studied(x)I worked and he studied.2. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句I study English. I think (that)… I think that she is a good student.I made it clear that he objected to the plan.I asked whether/if he was a good student.I don't know whether it is raining.I asked what he had studied. He gave me what I need.You are wrong in that you took effect for cause.(2) 主语从句That the sun moves around the earth is the truth.( it is the truth that..)Whether it is raining is not known.It is not known--computers will one day have vision as good as human vision.A.whetherB. ifC. thatD. howIt goes without saying that we are not living in a traditional society.Who will come to the meeting remains unknown.翻译题 : In a sense, what he said amounts to threat.(3) 表语从句Your greatest fault is that you are careless.The problem is what we should do to help him.(4) 形容词补语从句We feel proud that our team has won every match this year. He wasn't sure whether he should stay or leave.Are you certain who he is?(5) 同位语从句(fact, news, idea, opinion, concern, hope, theory, decision, discovery, conclusion, report,order, question, problem, belief, truth, answer, statement, promise, possibility.)The news that he intended to come gave us much pleasure. (6) 状语从句• 时间状语从句When I studied, the bell rang.She was going upstairs when suddenly the light went out.He had no sooner died than / he had hardly died when thefamily arguments began.• 地点状语从句He live where he liked.• 原因状语从句He was late because he missed the bus.Now that you mention it, I do remember.I'm in a slightly awkward position, in that my secretary is on holiday at that moment.• 目的状语从句We have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty. Bring it closer so that I may see it better.• 结果状语从句He brought a big house so( that) he had more space to paint in.He made such a good speech that he won warm applause.翻译题 :The brothers looks so alike that it is difficult to tell them each other• 条件状语从句If I make a promise, I keep it.I'll lend you the money , as/so long as you take my advice. These messages will become rubbish unless some measures have been taken.• 让步状语从句Although/ though he was Spanish, he spent most of his life in Germany.Whatever/ No matter what happens, you must be calm and quiet. However/no matter how loudly you shout, you won't be heard. • 方式状语从句I have changed the plan as you suggested.As if ( as though)• 比较状语从句 ( 重点 )She is as tall as Tom( is) I arrived as early as you (did) Mary was older/more careful than Tom( was)Mary works harder /more carefully than Tom( does)Bill speaks French ----( badly) than he writes it.The –( far)away we get from the earth, the thinner the air becomes. further 进• (8) 定语从句 在从句中成份 + 连词She is a beautiful girl. I like the girl who is beautiful.( who 主语 )This is the film that I see.This is the boy who (whom)(--) you met yesterday. ( 主语 ) Tell me something about the man for whom I shall be working / (whom) I shall be working for.I read the book whose cover is red.You are still the same person as I knew ten years ago.I never heard such stories as he told.This is the day when ( on which ) I joined the league.This is the house where( in which ) I live./ This is the house I live in.• 非限定性定语从句 :He met Mary, who invited him to dinner.I gave the book to Tom, whom/ who I found after the meeting. Her doctor, whose office was newly decorated, started to charge higher fee.His latest play, which was well reviewed by the critics, has been a great success.I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.Prof. Emery, about whom everyone is taking these days.There are only four areas ____ very many diamonds have been found.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.whichWhere 用在定语从句和状语从句的区别I'll go to the place ( where I live)I'll go wherever work conditions are difficult.• 定语从句和同位语从句的区别The news (that our team had won)was known to all.This is the film that (I see).考题 : Such people – you describe are rare nowadays.a. asb. thatc. whod.whichAnyone ---( want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about IT . [who want]Who wants Many of us visited the industrial exhibition,---,to our disappointment, we saw very few high-tech products.a. whereb. whichc. asd. that3. 并列复合句He said that he would give up smoking, but nobody believe it.I never saw a busier person than she seemed to be; yet it was difficult to say what he she did.动词的时态和语态一般进行完成完成进行过去I did I was doing I had done I had been doing现在I do I am doing I have done I have been doing将来IshalldoI shall bedoingI shall havedoneI shall have beendoing(/)过去将来IshoulddoI should bedoing(/)I should have done(/)I should havebeen doing(/)重点语法——动词的时态和语态• 时态的呼应I thought the experiment was going on now.She said this apparatus would be available next week. • Am/is/are/+ done. This room is cleaned every day. Was/were +done This room was cleaned yesterday.Will be+ done This room will be cleaned.Am/is/are being done This room is being cleaned at the moment. Was/were being done This room was being cleaned when I arrived.Have/has been done My car has been repaired.Had been done The room looks much better. It had been cleaned.• No sooner had I arrived at the theatre than the film began . Hardly….. whenSome people think that the relations between people have deteriorated -( deteriorate) so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible.Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened (happen) to her.非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式•做主语 To see is to believe.What to do next has not been decideIt is not easy to remember all these words.•表语 To know everything is to know nothing.•定语 This is a book to be written .•宾语 I want to study .He found it impossible to keep silent any longer.•宾补 They warned me not to be late.I let you do it(make, have, see, watch, notice, look at, observe, smell, listen to, hear,perceive)•状语 Yesterday he came to see me.•独立成份 To be frank , she is not my girlfriend.•形容词补语 I am glad to hear the news.•不定式的逻辑主语 For a bridge to collapse like that is unbelievable.•不定式的 时态和语态 to do(be) , to be+p.p.to have done, to have been done动名词• 主 , 表语 Seeing is believingTom's going there won't do any harm.My hobby is collecting stamps.• 定语 This is a swimming poor. ( a poor for swimming)This is a hiding place ( a place for hiding )• 宾语 I enjoy studying (mind, keep, appreciate, can't help, consider, postpone,suggest,admit etc.)Do you mind my smoking here?• 介词 + 宾语I used to doing. (confess to, look forward to, object to doing sth.)be involve in, consist of, be fond of, etc.• 动名词的时态和语态基本形同分词的时态和语态分词• 状语 When I saw the film, I felt sad = Seeing the film, I felt sad.Because it is Sunday today, we have no school.It being Sunday, we have no school.When the job was finished, we went home straight away.The job finished, we went home straight away.• 定语 The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.=The boy who is standing there is a classmate of mine.The used car. A broken cup the question involved.• 表语 The film is exciting. All the windows are broken.• 宾补 I found them watering flowers.( I found that they were watering flowers.I found the flowers watered. ( I found the flowers watered)•分词的时态和语态 .( 形同动名词 )doing (being) being donehaving done having been done______nothing to say, the boy shield way form the crowd.A. HavingB. Have C Had. D. Having beingWhat developed was a music readily taking ( take) on various forms.Not having got (not get) enough hands, she had greatdifficulty in accomplishing the task.非谓语动词答题要点1. Anyone wanting (want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.2 ． A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted (convict)of murder.3. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals used ( use) in experiments may decrease.Not have got (not, get)enough hands she had great difficulty in accomplishing the task ．It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control ( control) his direction.As I'll be away for a year ， I'd appreciate hearing(hear)from you now and then ．Object to , confess to , look forward to + doing.介词 + doing.If I had remembered --- the window, the thief would not have got in.a. to closeb. closingc. to have closed. having closed. Begin, start, intend, continue to do, doing 的区别不大The baby began crying. The baby began to cry.Try to do. 努力去做 Try doing 尝试去做 .I was very tired. I tired to keep my eyes open, but Icouldn't.I can't find anywhere to live.______, they began to get down to business. A. The holidays being over B. The holidays are over C. The holidays were over D. The holidays had been overV+ing 及从句 的固定用法It's no use doing sth.It's no use worrying about it. There's nothing you can do. It's (not) worth doing sth.Have difficulty doing sth.Spend time (in) doing sth.There is no doubt that.强调句1. 强调主语 It is I that/who am to blame2. 强调直接宾语 It was a glass that Mary broke.3. 强调间接宾语 It was him that I gave the pen to.4. 强调介词宾语 It is this room that I am living in.5. 强调状语 1) 时间状语 It was last year that Tom graduated from high school.2) 地点状语 It was under the bridge that we found him.3) 原因状语 It was for his arrogance that I dislike him.4) 目的状语 It was for pleasure that I read it.不仅可以是陈述句 , 还可以是疑问句和感叹句 .Was it you that/who lost a watch yesterday? What great progress it was that you made.强调句可以是一个从句 , 被强调的部分也可以是从句 .I was told that it was because he hadn't received the invitation that he didn't comeIt was there, the police believe,---she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.A. thatB.untilC. whichD. when虚拟语气Ø 第一类型 :见词就填 :A. (should ) do(should) beB. (should) be + 过去分词第一类型虚拟语气 A动词名词形容词建议advise advice advisablepropose proposalsuggest Suggestion suggested坚持insist insistence insistent要求require Requirementdesire desire desireddemand Demandrequest request Requested建议recommend Recommendation命令order order Ordered决定decide decision Decided命令command command宁愿prefer preference Preferable决定determine determination命令Instruct Instruction安排arrange Arrangement Arranged重要Importance important第一类型虚拟语气 B见某些形容词要虚拟Urgent, necessary, important, possible, essential, incredible, natural, ridiculous, vital, imperative, crucial, critical, proper, compulsory, etc.•形容词带的从句 : It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules.•主语从句 : It is decided that the meeting (should) be postponed.•宾语从句 : He insisted that his daughter (should) come.•表语从句 : The doctor's advice is that the patient (should) be kept quiet.•同位语从句 : He gave order that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.考题 : They demanded that the right to vote----(give) to every adult person. [(should) be given]For a child to give up less mature idea for a moresophisticate one, it requires that the child ____ psychologically ready for the new idea.A.isB.beC.wereD.would beØ 第二类型 : if 的非真实条件句 ( 可能性小或没有可能 )Ø 注意 : if 可以引导真实条件句 , 多是条件状语从句 .第二类型虚拟语气 ( 时态到推的概念 )If + 从句主句与现在事实相反If+ 主语 .+ were + V.ed主语 + should +V. +would + V. +could + V.与过去事实相反If+ 主语 .+ had+ done + been主语 + should +have+ p.p.　+would +have+p.p.　+could + have+p.p. + might+ have+p.p.与将来事实相反If+ 主语 . +were to do/be+should do/be主语 + should +V.　+would + V.　+could + V.　+might+ V.第二类型虚拟语气举例省略 if 的倒装were, had , should.If the doctor had been available, the child would have been saved.Had the doctor been available, the child would have been saved.考题 :_____for your help, I would not have overcome the psychological pressures and tensions.A. Had it not beenB. not beenC. Without beingD. not having been特殊虚拟• Even if 形式上与 if 相同• Wish 形式上大体与 if 从句相同•从句谓语与 Wish 同时 Wish+ 主语 +V.ed/wereI wish I were as young as you.•从句谓语发生 Wish 之前 多用 Wish+ 主语 +had done(been)I wish that he had not made so much trouble.•从句谓语发生 Wish 之后 用 Wish+ 主语 +would(could) + v.I wish you would stay with me far a whileI wish I could fly.• It is (about. High..) time that + 从句 (V.ed)It is high time that we began to work.• In case, lest, for fear that (should)+ V.The mad man was out in the padded cell lest he ---himself. A. injure B. had injured c. injured d. would injure.• Would rather =had rather, would just as soon, would sooner, would prefer 多加过去式表示尚未发生的动作 .倒装句•全部倒装 In came Jack. Now comes your turn.Among them were two girls.•部分倒装Hardly/scarcely/barely had we got on the bus when it began to rain.No sooner had he put down the receiver than the telephone rang again.Not until many years later did the whole truth become known. Not only did he win the championship in the race, but he also broke the world record.Neither my sister nor I have traveled by air.• Never, nowhere, no longer, little, feww, not…( not a single word) no. (at no time, by no means, in no way, on no account, under/in no circumstances)Only here can you buy fresh eggs.主谓一致要点To become actresses is their ambition.Nodding often means you say” yes.”What I did was to give her a book.Neither she nor I am wet.Many a student doesn't like having to do their homework.连词•连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, which ever•连接副词 when, how, why, where, whenever, wherever•并列连词 and, but, or, so , therefore, yet, however, nevertheless, for, hence, as well as, both..and, not only..but also, either..or, neither..nor,•从属连词 after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, although, though, if , even if, unless, lest, because, than, that, whether, so that, as soon as, as long as, in order that, as if, as though, in case, now that, so..that, such..that, as .as.When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, --- we should not play it.A. otherwiseB. insteadC. neverthelessD. either不定代词• Any,one, none, nothing, neither, either, both, all, anyone, any one, some, any, much, manyAre you sure there are not--- sharks here? A.any B. some C. many D. much.Used to , be used to doingFrank lives alone,. He doesn't mind this because has lived alone for 15years. So he is used to it. He is used to living alone.These days I usually stay in bed until late. But when I had a job, I used to get up early.词汇题常考动词搭配• Come, carry, take, go,get,cut, make, put ,turn, bring.。