当代英美散文名篇选读下册6-9单元单词 加注释

The 1920s (1) Modernisma general term applied retrospectively to the wide range of experimental and avant-garde trends in the literature (and other arts)of the early 20th century, including Symbolism, Futurism, Expressionism, Imagism, Vorticism, Dada, and Surrealism, along with the innovations of unaffiliated writers. Modernist literature is characterized chiefly by a rejection of 19th-century traditions. Modernist writers disturbed their readers by adopting complex and difficult new forms and styles. In fiction, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf attempted new ways of tracing the flow of characters’ thoughts in their stream-of –consciousness style. In poetry, Ezra Pound and T.S.Eliot replaced the logical exposition of thoughts with collages of fragmentary images and complex allusions.Modernist writing is predominantly cosmopolitan, and often expresses a sense of urban cultural dislocation, along with an awareness of new anthropological and psychological theories. Its favored techniques of juxtaposition and multiple point of view challenge the reader to reestablish a coherence of meaning from fragmentary forms. In English, its major landmarks are Joyce’s Ulysses and Eliot’s The Waste Land (both 1922).The 1920s (2) ImagismImagism: the doctrine and poetic practice of a small but influential group of American and British poets calling themselves imagists between 1912 and 1917. Imagist Movement is a revolt against the sentimental and manneristic （格式化的）poetry at the turn of the century. Led at first by Ezra Pound, and the by Amy Lowell, the group rejected most 19th-century poetry as cloudy（含糊的）verbiage（啰嗦）, and aimed instead at a new clarity and exactness in the short lyric poem. The imagists cultivated concision and directness, building their short poems around single images; they also preferred looser cadences（节奏）to traditional regular rhythms. Apart from Pound and Lowell, the group also includes H.D., F.S.Flint, D.H. Lawrence and William Carlos Williams.The three phrases1908 – 1909. T. E. Hulme founded a club in LondonBasic principles; more discussion, less writing1912 – 1914. Ezra Pound1912, the three imagist poetic principles came out1914, the first anthology of Imagist poems---- Des Imagistes 诗选1914 – 1917. Amy Lowell No great achievementsThe three Imagist poetic principles1.Direct treatment of the ―thing‖, whether subjective or objective.要求诗歌直接呈现描写对象（以雕塑和绘画的手法，只展现而不加评论所用的语言尽可能相似于描写对象。

当代英美散文名篇选读（下）答案KeystoUnit2CollegePressuresUnit 2 College PressuresKey to Exercise II1. scribbled2. authentic3. unswervingly4. savored5. venerated6. induce7. intangible8. dimension9. visualize 10. sampled 11. exhilarated 12. accrue 13. exhorted 14. tenacity 15. pay-off 16. synthesize 17. vacillated 18. furtively 19. symptomatic 20. perceive 21. contagious 22. reverse 23. juggled 24. nurture 25. circuitous 26. potent 27. positively 28. intertwined 29. steer 30. drabKey to Exercise III1. jets2. job3. ever4. Indeed5. catered6. accused7. volume8. Too9. quality 10. matter 11. right 12. need13. low 14. more 15. no 16. specializing 17. viable 18. traffic 19. jostling 20. created21. result 22. some 23. hovering 24. background 25. business 26. invested 27. apart 28. list29. time 30. In-flight 31. attention 32. lure33. accent 34. Regular 35. room 36. offered37. it 38. snatch 39. proved 40. aircraft41. improve 42. are 43. inevitable 44. bearable45. there 46. to 47. process 48. passengers 49. attract 50. themselves 51. change 52. traveller53. flight 54. practice 55. businessmen 56. one57. thwart 58. passengers 59. But 60. airKey to Exercise IVA lot of the mental anguish of decision making 1 ?comes because we often worry in ∧ factual vacuum. An 2 a endless number of stewing can be avoided if we do 3 amount what all good executives ∧ with a problem that can't 4 dobe settled: return it back for more data. A famous 5 send university dean once said, "If I have a problem ∧ has 6 that to be faced at 3 o'clock next Tuesday, I refuse to 7 ?make a decision about it when Tuesday arrives. In the 8 until meantime I concentrate on getting all the facts 9 ?that bear ∧ the proble m. And by Tuesday, if I've got 10 on all the facts, the problem usually solves by itself. 11 by But just gathering the facts won't solve hard 12 the problems. "The problem in coming up to a firm and 13 upclear-sighted decision," said and old veteran infantry 14 old commander and now commandant of the National War 15 ?College, "is not only ∧ take possession of facts, but 16 to∧ marshal them in good order. In the army, we train 17 toour leaders to draw up ∧ we call an Estimate of the 18 what Situation. At first, they must know their objective. 19 At Exceptyou know what you want, you can't possibly 20 unless decide how to get it. Second, we teach them to consider 21 ?alternate means of attaining that objective. 22 alternative Very rarely that a goal, military or any other, can 23 thatbe realized in only one way. Next we line up ∧ pros 24 theand cons of each alternative, as far as we can see ∧. 25 them Then we choose the cause that appears most likely to 26 course achieve the results we want. Furthermore that does 27 Furthermore not guarantee success. But at least it allows us to 28 ?decide as intelligent as the situation permits. It 29 intelligently prevents us from going of on a half-baked hunch that 30 offmay turn out to be disastrous.Key to Exercise V1.I was really up the creek when I went into the department store and found that I had no money with me.2.Goods were piling up at the docks because the workers had gone on strike against terrible working conditions.3.As a member of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party, Huang was privy to many top state secrets.4.People want their wages to catch up with the price hike.5.Dialectical materialism and historical materialism can help us see things in perspective.6. He asked the barber to thin out his thick hair.7.In accordance with the requirements of a market economy, the State Council cutback on the number of departments directly involved in economic management. 8.In his first speech at the Legislative Council the Chief Executive made much ofthe role of high technology in economic development.9.I cannot conceive of a blind man working as a radio sports commentator.10.He should have retired long ago. Why does he still hang on to power?。

Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. 1.Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。

2. 2.the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。

3. 3.Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see thathuman beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。

4. 4.Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the Englishhumanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。

5. 5.Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。

unit1 art1． real adj.真的，真的，的This is a real pearl, not an imitation.是真的珍珠 , 不是仿制品。

This is a real experience, not a dream.是一次真的, 其实不是做梦。

realism adj.主realist n.主者realistic adj.主的，传神的，的reality n.真（性），，的事We thought he was serious but in reality he was joking.我以他是真的, 但上他是在开玩笑。

The film showed life in the poor areas with great reality.电影特别传神地展了困地区的生活。

realize v.；认识，到；，得He realized his dream when he passed the entrance examination.入学考通了 , 他的梦想就了。

If you were in the Sahara, you would realize the value of fresh water.假如你在撒哈拉大沙漠 , 你就会知道淡水的价了。

Howmuch did you realize on the house?所房子你销售后了多少?2． abstractadj.抽象的，抽象派的Abstract nouns are usually uncountable nouns in English.英中的抽象名平时是不可以数名。

He is an abstract painter.他是一个抽象派画家。

n.抽象 , 抽象看法；抽象性抽象派作品大纲, 梗概It's the abstract that is called system analysis.就是所系解析个抽象看法。

There're two abstracts on the wall.上挂着两幅抽象派画。

英语（人教版）选修6Words and expressions in each unit各单元生词和习惯用语注：所有不带△符号的词汇均为课标词汇，其中黑体部分为本单元重点词汇和短语，带△符号的词不要求掌握。

Unit 1△realistic adj. 现实主义的；逼真的；现实的abstract adj. 抽象的；深奥的n. 摘要sculpture n. 雕塑△sculptor n. 雕刻家；雕塑家gallery n. 美术陈列室；画廊faith n. 信任；信心；信念faithfully adv. 忠实地△consequently adv. 所以；因而aim n. 目标；目的vi. & vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力conventional adj. 常规的；传统的；因循守旧的typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的evident adj. 明显的；明白的△Giotto di Bondone 乔托（意大利画家、雕刻家、建筑师）△renaissance n. 新生；复兴；复活△the Renaissance 文艺复兴（时期）adopt vt. 采用；采纳；收养△humanistic adj. 人道主义的possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配possession n. （尤作复数）所有；财产superb adj. 卓越的；杰出的；极好的△perspective n. 透视画法；透视图；观点technique n. 技术；方法；技能△Masaccio 马萨乔（意大利画家）coincidence n. 巧合（的事）；（事情、口味、故事等）相合by coincidence 巧合地△masterpiece n. 杰作；名著△impressionism n. 印象主义；印象派△impressionist adj. 印象派的n. 印象派艺术家△post-impressionist adj. 后印象派的n. 后印象派艺术家a great deal 大量shadow n. 阴影；影子ridiculous adj. 荒谬的；可笑的controversial adj. 争论的；争议的attempt n. 努力；尝试；企图vt. 尝试；企图on the other hand (可是)另一方面predict vt. 预言；预告；预测△landscape n. 风景；景色specific adj. 确切的；特定的figure n. 画像；身材；数字clay n. 黏土△critic n. 评论家；批评者△bronze n. 青铜；青铜色；青铜制艺术品marble n. 大理石△Mona Lisa 蒙娜·丽莎（达·芬奇所作的一幅著名肖像画）△Leonardo da Vinci 列奥纳多·达·芬奇（意大利著名画家）carve vt. 雕刻；刻记delicate adj. 脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的△Michelangelo 米开朗基罗（意大利文艺复兴雕刻家、画家、建筑师和诗人）△canvas n. 帆布；画布△Picasso 毕加索（西班牙画家）cafén. 咖啡馆；小餐馆allergic adj. 过敏性的；对……过敏的△effectively adv. 有效地exhibition n. 展览；陈列；展览会aggressive adj. 敢作敢为的；侵略的；好斗的scholar n. 学者flesh n. 肉；肌肉；肉体in the flesh 活着的；本人△Matisse 马蒂斯（法国画家）geometry n. 几何学bunch n. 束；串△Manhattan n. 曼哈顿岛；曼哈顿区（纽约市中心）avenue n. 林荫道；道路；大街preference n. 喜爱；偏爱△Guggenheim Museum 古根海姆博物馆△display vt. 展示；陈列；显露appeal vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助vt. 将……上诉n. 呼吁；恳求appeal to （对某人）有吸引力；（使某人）感兴趣fragile adj. 精细的；易碎的；脆弱的△circular adj. 圆形的；环形的；循环的△metropolitan adj. 主要都市的；大城市的reputation n. 名声；名誉civilization n. 文明；文化；文明社会Egypt n. 埃及（东北非国家）Egyptian adj. 埃及的；埃及人的visual adj. 视觉的；看得见的fragrant adj. 香的；令人愉快的△Monet 莫奈（法国画家）△Whitney 惠特尼△Madison n. 麦迪逊contemporary adj. 当代的；同时代的permanent adj. 永久的；持久的district n. 区；区域；行政区committee n. 委员会signature n. 署名；签字Unit 2△poetry n. 诗（总称）；诗意tick vt. 给……标记号rhyme n. 韵；押韵；押韵的词vi. & vt. (使)押韵convey vt. 传达；运送△emotion n. 情感；情结；感情nursery n. 托儿所nursery rhyme 童谣concrete adj. 具体的△repetition n. 重复；反复；循环contradictory adj. 引起矛盾的；好反驳的△hush vi. &vt. （使某人）安静下来△mockingbird n. 嘲鸫（一种鸟，能模仿其他鸟的叫声）diamond n. 钻石；菱形△brass n. 黄铜；黄铜器△billy-goat n. 公山羊flexible adj. 灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的pattern n. 模式；式样；图案△squire n. 乡绅cottage n. 村舍；小屋△coffin n. 棺材sparrow n. 麻雀△kitten n. 小猫take it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容run out of 用完△cinquain n. 五行诗be made up of 由……构成tease vi. & vt. 取笑；招惹；戏弄salty adj. 含盐的；咸的△droop vi. 低垂；凋萎；萎靡△dread vi. & vt. 害怕；畏惧endless adj. 无穷的；无止境的△haiku n. 俳句△syllable n. 音节minimum n. 最低限度；最少量最小数translation n. 翻译；译文branch n. 枝条；支流；部门△melt （melted; melted, molten）vi. 融化；溶化；软化△brimful adj. 盈满的；满到边际的in particular 尤其；特别eventually adv. 最后；终于△await vt. 等候；期待transform vi. & vt. 转化；转换；改造；变换△revolve vi. & vt. （使）旋转△utter vt. 说；讲；发出（声音）sorrow n. 悲伤；悲痛；懊悔bare adj. 赤裸的；光秃的；稀少的n. 最基本的要素librarian n. 图书馆馆长；图书馆管理员forever adv. 永远△stem n. 茎；干△cement n. 水泥section n. 部分；节；切下的块appropriate adj. 适当的；正当的exchange n. 交换；交流；互换vt. & vi. 调换；交换diploma n. 毕业文凭；学位证书sponsor n. 赞助人；主办者；倡议者vt. 发起；举办；倡议blank n. 空白adj. 空白的；茫然的compass n. 指南针；罗盘；（复数）圆规bride n. 新娘bridegroom n. 新郎championship n. 冠军称号△rhythmic adj. 有节奏的；有规律的darkness n. 黑暗；漆黑warmth n. 暖和；温暖try out 测试；试验scholarship n. 奖学金；学问；学术成就pianist n. 钢琴家；钢琴演奏者violinist n. 小提琴演奏者let out 发出；放走load n. 负担；负荷物（尤指沉重的）Unit 3cigarette n. 香烟；纸烟alcohol n. 酒；酒精alcoholic adj. 酒精的abuse n. & vt. 滥用；虐待△fitness n. 健康△sexual adj. 性的；性别的stress n. 压力；重音vt. 加压力于；使紧张△stressful adj. 产生压力的；紧张的△obesity n. （过度）肥胖；肥胖症adolescent n. 青少年adj. 青春期的adolescence n. 青春期ban vt. 禁止；取缔n. 禁令；谴责due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的due to 由于……tough adj. 困难的；强硬的addicted adj. 入了迷的；上了瘾的addicted to 对……有瘾△nicotine n. 尼古丁accustom vt. 使习惯于accustomed adj. 惯常的；习惯了的accustomed to 习惯于……withdrawal n. 收回；撤退；戒毒（或脱瘾）过程△bad-tempered adj. 脾气暴躁的；易怒的automatic adj. 无意识的；自动的automatically adv. 无意识地；自动地mental adj. 精神的；智力的mentally adv. 精神上；智力上quit vt. 停止（做某事）；离开effect n. 结果；效力lung n. 肺pregnant adj. 怀孕的abnormal adj. 畸形的；异常的breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的unfit adj. 不健康的；不合适的；不合格的strengthen vt. 加强；巩固；使坚强vi. 变强△resolve n. 决心；决定decide on 对……作出决定packet n. 小包；小盒feel like (doing) 想要（做）……△relaxation n. 放松，松弛desperate adj.绝望的，拼命的chemist n.药剂师；化学家△gum n. 树胶△chewing gum 口香糖disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的△weaken vi. （对某事的决心）动摇；减弱vt. （使）变弱ashamed adj. 感到惭愧或羞耻的comprehension n. 理解（力）in spite of 不顾；不管take risks (a risk) 冒险get into 陷入；染上（坏习惯）etc (et cetera) adv. 诸如此类的事物；等等appendix（复数-dixes, -dices）n. 附录；附件illegal adj. 不合法的；违法的pill n. 药丸；药片△robbery n. 抢劫；盗窃△slippery adj. 滑的△HIV （Human Immunodeficiency Virus）人体免疫缺损病毒（艾滋病病毒）△AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)艾滋病（后天免疫缺损综合症）at risk 处境危险；遭受危险△SARS（Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome）非典型性肺炎△immune adj. 有免疫力的survival n. 幸存；幸存者sex n. 性；性别△fluid n. 液体；流体△inject vt. 注射△injection n. 注射；注射剂needle n. 针；（注射器的）针头△spill （spilt, spilt）vi. 溢出；酒落vt. 使溢出；使酒落male adj. 男性的；雄性的n. 男人；雄性动（植）物female adj. 女性的；雌性的n. 雌性的动（植）物；女人△condom n. 避孕套△homosexual n. 同性恋adj. 同性恋的prejudice n. 偏见；成见judgement n. 看法；判决；判断△disco n. 迪斯科舞会；迪斯科舞厅abortion n. 流产；中途失败cigar n. 雪茄烟embarrassed adj. 尴尬的；陷入困境的awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的Unit 4consume vt. 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完△renewable adj. 能再生的；可更新的△greenhouse n. 温室；花房△Fahrenheit adj. 华氏的n. 华氏温度计come about 发生；造成△Sophie 索菲（女名）△Armstrong 阿姆斯特朗（姓）graph n. 图表；坐标图；曲线图random adj. 胡乱的；任意的phenomenon (复数-ena) n. 现象subscribe vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅vt. (签署)文件；捐助subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购△fossil n.化石；从地下采掘出来的（矿物）fuel n. 燃料△byproduct n. 副产品△Janice 贾尼丝（女名）△Foster 福斯特（姓或男名）△methane n. 甲烷；沼气△Celsius adj. (温度)摄氏的quantity n. 量；数量quantities of 大量的tend vi. 趋向；易于；照顾vt. 照顾；护理go up 上升；增长；升起△Charles Keeling 查尔斯·基林△measurement n. 衡量；测量；尺寸per prep. 每；每一data n. 资料；数据result in 导致trend n. 趋势；倾向；走向catastrophe n. 大灾难；浩劫flood n. 洪水；水灾△drought n. 旱灾；干旱△famine n. 饱荒△George Hambley 乔治·汗布利oppose vt. 反对；反抗；与（某人）较量opposed adj. 反对的；对立的be opposed to 反对……mild adj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的△environmental adj. 环境的△environmentalist n. 环境保护论者consequence n. 结果；后果；影响state vt. 陈述；说明range n. 种类；范围even if 即使keep on 继续glance vi. 看一下；扫视n. 一瞥steady adj. 平稳的；持续的；稳固的steadily adv. 平稳地；持续地tendency n. 倾向；趋势widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的on the whold 大体上；基本上△economical adj. 节约的；经济的△hectare n. 公顷average adj. 平均的existence n. 生存；存在outer adj. 外部的；外面的on behalf of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人△individual n. 个人；个体adj. 单独的；个别的advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张commitment n. 承诺；交托；信奉put up with 忍受；容忍pollution n. 污染；弄脏growth n. 增长；生长electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的△appliance n. 用具；工具；器具so long as 只要casual adj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的and so on 等等motor n. 发动机can n. 容器；罐头circumstance n. 环境；情况microwave n. 微波炉；微波refresh vt. 使恢复；使振动educator n. 教育工作者；教育家contribution n. 贡献△imperative n. 祈使语气；命令△heading n. 标题△slogan n. 标语；口号presentation n. 显示；演出nuclear adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的disagreement n. 分歧；不一致Unit 5diagram n. 图解；图表；示意图volcano n. 火山△volcanic adj. 火山的△volcanology n. 火山学△volcanologist n. 火山学家erupt vi. （指火山）爆发；突然发生eruption n. 火山爆发；（战争等）爆发ash n. 灰；灰末△crater n. 火山口；弹坑△lava n. (火山喷出的)熔岩；火山岩hurricane n. 飓风；风暴questionnaire n. 问卷；调查表alongside adv. 在旁边；沿着边prep. 在……旁边；沿着……的边equipment n. 设备；装备appoint vt. 任命；委派△observatory n. 观象台；天文台；气象台database n. 数据库；资料库△Mount Kilauea 基拉韦厄火山evaluate vt. 评估；评价；估计burn to the ground 全部焚毁wave n. 波浪；波涛vi. 波动；起伏；挥手△molten adj. 熔化的；熔融的fountain vi. & vt. 泉水般地喷出或涌出n. 喷泉；源泉absolute adj. 绝对的；完全的absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地△spaceman n. 宇航员；航天专家suit n. 一套外衣；套装vt. 适合；使适宜helmet n. 头盔boot n. 靴子make one’s way 前往potential n. 潜在性；可能性；潜能adj. 可能的；潜在的actual adj. 实在的；实际的△geology n. 地质学△Mount Etna 埃特纳火山（意大利西西里岛东北部）△Sicily 西西里岛（意大利南部）△sample n. 样品；样本candidate n. 候选人；候补者△Mount Vesuvius 维苏威火山△threat n. 恐吓；威胁bungalow n. 平房；小屋△Pompeii 庞培（意大利古都）△tornado n. 龙卷风；旋风typhoon n. 台风thunderstorm n. 雷暴precious adj. 贵重的；珍贵的novelist n. 小说家fog n. 雾document n. 文件；证件rainbow n. 彩虹uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的；不舒适的balcony n. 阳台unconscious adj. 失去知觉的；未察觉的shoot （shot, shot）vt. 射中；射伤shot n. 射击；枪炮声tremble vi. 摇晃；摇动；颤抖sweat n. 汗vi. 出汗anxious adj. 忧虑的；不安的anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望panic (panicked, panicked) vi. & vt. 惊慌n. 惊慌；恐慌△tsunami n. 海啸；地震海啸glance through 匆匆看一遍△Manchu adj. 满族的n. 满人vary from…to… 由……到……不等diverse adj. 多种多样的；不同的△diversity n. 多种多样；多样性△crane n. 鹤；吊车；起重机△leopard n. 豹△spectacular adj. 引人入胜的；壮观的bathe vi. 洗澡；游泳△arouse vt. 激发；唤醒某人appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；感谢△peak n. 山顶；顶峰△persuasion n. 信服；说服guarantee vt. 保证；担保。

Unit 2 Colle‎g e Press‎u resKey to Exerc‎i se II1. scrib‎b led2. authe‎n tic3. unswe‎r ving‎l y4. savor‎e d5. vener‎a ted6. induc‎e7. intan‎g ible‎8. dimen‎s ion9. visua‎l ize 10. sampl‎e d 11. exhil‎a rate‎d12. accru‎e 13. exhor‎t ed 14. tenac‎i ty 15. pay-off 16. synth‎e size‎17. vacil‎l ated‎18. furti‎v ely 19. sympt‎o mati‎c20. perce‎i ve 21. conta‎g ious‎22. rever‎s e 23. juggl‎e d 24. nurtu‎r e 25. circu‎i tous‎26. poten‎t27. posit‎i vely‎28. inter‎t wine‎d 29. steer‎30. drabKey to Exerc‎i se III1. jets2. job3. ever4. Indee‎d5. cater‎e d6. accus‎e d7. volum‎e8. Too9. quali‎t y 10. matte‎r11. right‎12. need13. low 14. more 15. no 16. speci‎a lizi‎n g 17. viabl‎e18. traff‎i c 19. jostl‎i ng 20. creat‎e d21. resul‎t22. some 23. hover‎i ng 24. backg‎r ound‎25. busin‎e ss 26. inves‎t ed 27. apart‎28. list29. time 30. In-fligh‎t31. atten‎t ion 32. lure33. accen‎t34. Regul‎a r 35. room 36. offer‎e d37. it 38. snatc‎h39. prove‎d40. aircr‎a ft41. impro‎v e 42. are 43. inevi‎t able‎44. beara‎b le 45. there‎46. to 47. proce‎s s 48. passe‎n gers‎49. attra‎c t 50. thems‎e lves‎51. chang‎e52. trave‎l ler 53. fligh‎t54. pract‎i ce 55. busin‎e ssme‎n56. one57. thwar‎t58. passe‎n gers‎59. But 60. airKey to Exerc‎i se IVA lot of the menta‎l angui‎s h of decis‎i on makin‎g 1 ✓comes‎becau‎s e we often‎worry‎in ∧ factu‎a l vacuu‎m. An 2 a endle‎s s numbe‎r of stewi‎n g can be avoid‎e d if we do 3 amoun‎t what all good execu‎t ives‎∧ with a probl‎e m that can't 4 dobe settl‎e d: retur‎n it back for more data. A famou‎s 5 send unive‎r sity‎dean once said, "If I have a probl‎e m ∧ has 6 thatto be faced‎at 3 o'clock‎next Tuesd‎a y, I refus‎e to 7 ✓make a decis‎i on about‎it when Tuesd‎a y arriv‎e s. In the 8 until‎meant‎i me I conce‎n trat‎e on getti‎n g all the facts‎9 ✓that bear ∧ the probl‎e m. And by Tuesd‎a y, if I've got 10 onall the facts‎, the probl‎e m usual‎l y solve‎s by itsel‎f. 11 byBut just gathe‎r ing the facts‎won't solve‎hard 12 theprobl‎e ms. "The probl‎e m in comin‎g up to a firm and 13 upclear‎-sight‎e d decis‎i on," said and old veter‎a n infan‎t ry 14 old comma‎n der and now comma‎n dant‎of the Natio‎n al War 15 ✓Colle‎g e, "is not only ∧ take posse‎s sion‎of facts‎, but 16 to∧ marsh‎a l them in good order‎. In the army, we train‎17 toour leade‎r s to draw up ∧ we call an Estim‎a te of the 18 what Situa‎t ion. At first‎, they must know their‎objec‎t ive. 19 At Excep‎t you know what you want, you can't possi‎b ly 20 unles‎sdecid‎e how to get it. Secon‎d, we teach‎them to consi‎d er 21 ✓alter‎n ate means‎of attai‎n ing that objec‎t ive. 22 alter‎n ativ‎e Very rarel‎y that a goal, milit‎a ry or any other‎, can 23 thatbe reali‎z ed in only one way. Next we line up ∧ pros 24 theand cons of each alter‎n ativ‎e, as far as we can see ∧. 25 them Then we choos‎e the cause‎that appea‎r s most likel‎y to 26 cours‎e achie‎v e the resul‎t s we want. Furth‎e rmor‎e that does 27 Furth‎e rmor‎e not guara‎n tee succe‎s s. But at least‎it allow‎s us to 28 ✓decid‎e as intel‎l igen‎t as the situa‎t ion permi‎t s. It 29 intel‎l igen‎t ly preve‎n ts us from going‎of on a half-baked‎hunch‎that 30 offmay turn out to be disas‎t rous‎.Key to Exerc‎i se V1.I was reall‎y up the creek‎when I went into the depar‎t ment‎store‎and found‎that I had no money‎with me.2.Goods‎were pilin‎g up at the docks‎becau‎s e the worke‎r s had gone on strik‎e again‎s t terri‎b le worki‎n g condi‎t ions‎.3.As a membe‎r of the Secre‎t aria‎t of the Centr‎a l Commi‎t tee of the Worke‎r s' Party‎, Huang‎was privy‎to many top state‎secre‎t s.4.Peopl‎e want their‎wages‎to catch‎up with the price‎hike.5.Diale‎c tica‎l mater‎i alis‎m and histo‎r ical‎mater‎i alis‎m can help us see thing‎s in persp‎e ctiv‎e.6. He asked‎the barbe‎r to thin out his thick‎hair.7.In accor‎d ance‎with the requi‎r emen‎t s of a marke‎t econo‎m y, the State‎Counc‎i l cutback on the numbe‎r of depar‎t ment‎s direc‎t ly invol‎v ed in econo‎m ic manag‎e ment‎. 8.In his first‎speec‎h at the Legis‎l ativ‎e Counc‎i l the Chief‎Execu‎t ive made much ofthe role of high techn‎o logy‎in econo‎m ic devel‎o pmen‎t.9.I canno‎t conce‎i ve of a blind‎man worki‎n g as a radio‎sport‎s comme‎n tato‎r.10.He shoul‎d have retir‎e d long ago. Why does he still‎hang on to power‎?。

Unit 6 Thinking as a Hobbynorm s: convention, standard, rulemaroon ed：put a person ashore on a deserted island, strand 将（某人）放逐到无法逃脱的地方（如荒岛）/mər'uːn/incomprehensible: impossible to understand, unintelligibleinnocence: naivetyplonk ed: set down heavily and carelessly v. （使）发声, （使）沉重地坠落musing: mediate, think deeply 沉思, 冥想depravity : corruption, wickedness堕落; 腐化exalt ed : elate, inspireimpediment: hindrance, obstacle 妨碍﹑阻碍某事物进展或活动的人或物reeled: have a sensation of whirlingstaggered : totter, move unsteadilybulged: stick out, protrude膨胀，鼓起；塞满detested : dislike very much, loathepious: devout, having a dutiful reverence for Godproposition: statement in which an opinion or judgment is expressed论点，主张stampeded: force sb. into a hasty过於匆忙的action ( ~ sb into sth/doing sth cause sb to rush into rash or unreasonable action 使某人冲动行事或失去理智)conferred：give, grant, presentportentous: pompously solemn, pretentious煞有介事的,自命不凡的deficiencies: defect, imperfection, weaknessbolstered: reinforce, strengthenbeamed: smile joyfullyinscrutable: not to be discovered, incomprehensible不可理解的; 不可知的; 神秘的mingle : mix, associate 与某物混合; 结合amiability : friendlinessconceded : admit the truth of(不情愿地)承认；让步sordid: dirty, ignoble自私自利的, 卑污的, 龌龊的(sordidness )irreverent : deficient缺乏in respect不尊敬的delinquent: guilty of minor crimes有过失的, 怠忽的,失职的gregarious: fond of company爱交际的; 群居的/grig'eəriəs/revered: respect and admire greatlyawe : a feeling of respect combined with fear or wonder词组aspire to: have a strong desire to have or to do sth. 追求，渴求at length详细地；最终，终于be contented with 满足be given to被给..., 沉溺于come to结果是；涉及，谈到；达到某种（通常为坏的）情况或状态do away with：abolish 废除follow suit学样，照着做leave out遗漏if anything如果有什么区别的话lest唯恐，以免make for有助于，促进Unit 7 Once More to the Lake1.hovering: remain in the air without moving in any direction 翱翔；盘旋；徘徊2.haunts: a place one visits often3.sprinkled: scattered, dotted4.mirage: illusion, dream 海市蜃楼5.ingredients : factor6.winced: drack from something unpleasant,remembered something unpleasant表示痛苦﹑沮丧或尴尬（以不由自主的轻微动作表现, 尤指面部肌肉）7.undulating: having a curving form or outline8.jarred: have a harsh or irritating effect 发出刺耳声，(使)感到不快，刺激；震动9.apiece: each, for each10.persisted: last tenaciously(坚韧不拔地)11.dislodged: force out of a position逐出12. pensively: meditatively, sadly13. cultist : devotee个人崇拜,献身于致力于做某事的人14. indelible: that cannot be erased or removed 不能擦除的, 不能磨灭15. haul: distance to be traveled移动的距离16. petulant: unreasonably impatient or irritable性急的; 暴躁的17. imperceptibly: in a manner that cannot be noticed or felt18. desolated: devastate, destroy, ruin19. perpetuate: make everlasting20. lull: a period of quiet or little activity间歇; 稍息; 稍止21. rumble: a deep heavy continuous sound发出持续的低沉的声音22. placidity: calm, tranquility23. reassured: take away fears, set one's mind at rest24. sedative: tranquilizer镇静剂/s'edətiv/25. incessant: constant, ceaseless26. soggy: too wet and soft词组leave to one's own devices听任…自便，让…自行发展roll over翻滚lick one's chops: show eager enjoyment or anticipation of sth 舔嘴唇（自喜或期待某事）;垂涎欲滴, 垂涎三尺narrow down减少, 限制, 缩小, 变窄outside of : apart from 除....以外turn away 回绝，把…打发走crop up突然发生，突然出现make out看出，辨认出；理解draw up停住have sb. eating out of one's hand: 完全控制(to eat out of one's hand:to be docile容易控制的, 驯服的or do whatever one wishes顺从)Unit 8 The Inner Ringimploringly: in a manner showing earnest pleading恳求地, 哀求地spontaneous: natural, activated without deliberation 自发地devoured : filled up withseniority: length of service前任者的特权, 老资格compromised : discredit怀疑，丧失名誉, endanger危及Sandwiched: placed betweenunscrupulous : not guided by conscience, unprincipled无道德原则的; 不讲道德的perverse: willfully doing what is wrong or unreasonable 不合常情的，任性的unawares :adv. by surprise 出其不意地consorting: have associations with 与某人交往; 结交propitiate : gain the favor or support of 讨好，劝慰Prompted: induce, cause to domainspring: chief motivating/ moving forcemakings: clear ability for becoming 要素genial: having a cheerful and friendly character or manner 亲切的esoteric: concealed, confidential, secret只有内行才懂的; 神秘的; 难懂的prophecy : predictionservitude : the condition of being forced to work for others and having no freedom奴役servility: the quality of being too ready to obey others, submissiveness 奴性, 卑躬屈膝pell-mell: in a hurrying disorderly manner adv. 匆忙地; 杂乱地; 仓促地hierarchy : system with grades of authority from the lowest to the highestprobation : testing of a person's abilities or behavior to find out if he or she is suitable（对人的）试用（期）reprimands: rebuke, reproach, scoldingevasion: avoidance逃避pining: long for, yearn for渴望lured: entice, attractcourt: try to win or gain设法赢得或获得（某事物）stale s: become no longer fresh or interestingwakeful: unable to sleep, sleeplesstrivialities: petty, unimportant thing [trivi'æliti]词组in the know 知道内情，熟知内幕do justice to 公平地对待，公正地评判work up: bring gradually to an efficient state 逐渐形成account for解释，说明coincide with符合, 与 ... 一致of one's own accord出于自愿，主动地wear off 逐渐消失shake off: get rid of摆脱, 甩掉immune to不受... 感染, 对... 免疫apt to: tend to。

新编英语教程1-9,11课本译文第1单元避免两词铭记两词1.在生活中，没有什么比顿悟更令人激动和兴奋的，它可以改变一个人——不仅仅是改变，而且变得更好。

当然，这种顿悟是很罕见的，但仍然可以发生在我们所有人身上。

它有时来自一本书，一个说教或一行诗歌，有时也来自一个朋友。

2.在曼哈顿一个寒冷的冬天的下午，我坐在一个法国小餐馆，倍感失落和压抑。

因为几次误算，在我生命中一个至关重要的项目就这样落空了。

就因为这样，甚至连期望看到一个老朋友（我常常私下亲切的想到的一个老人）的情形都不像以前那样令我兴奋。

我坐在桌边，皱起眉头看着色彩多样的桌布，清醒的嚼着苦涩的食物。

3.他穿过街道，裹着旧棉袄，一顶帽子从光头打下来，看上去不像是一个有名的精神病医生，倒像是一个精力充沛的侏儒。

他的办公室在附近到处都有，我知道他刚刚离开他最后一个病人。

他接近80岁，但仍然扛着一个装着满满文件的公文包，工作起来仍然像一个大公司的主管，无论何时有空，他都仍然爱去高尔夫球场。

4.当他走过来坐我旁边时，服务员早已把他总是要喝的啤酒端了过来，我已经几个月没有见他了，但他似乎还是老样子。

没有任何寒暄，他就问我“怎么了，年轻人？”5.我已经不再对他的样子感到奇怪，所以我详细地把烦恼告诉他。

带着一丝忧伤的自豪。

我尽量说出实情，除了我自己，我并没有因为失望而责备任何人。

我分析了整件事情，但所有负面评价以及错误仍然继续。

我讲了约有十五分钟，这期间老人只是默默的喝着啤酒。

6.我讲完后，他取下眼镜说：“到我的办公室去。

”7.“到你的办公室？你忘了带什么了吗？”8.他和蔼的说“不是，我想看看你对某些事情的反应，仅此而已。

”9.外面开始下起小雨，但他的办公室很温暖，舒服，亲切：放满书的书架靠着墙壁，长皮沙发，弗洛伊德的亲笔签名照，还有墙边放着的录音笔。

他的秘书回家了，只有我们在那里。

10.老人从纸盒里拿出一盘磁带放进录音笔，然后说：“这里有到我这来求助的三个人的简单录音，当然，这没有说明具体是哪三个人。