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Unit 3 ComputersPeriod 4 语法专题课学习目标1.了解现在完成时的被动语态在具体语境中的运用。
2.掌握现在完成时被动语态的结构和主要用法。
3.使用现在完成时被动语态需要注意的问题。
Step 1 感受新知Ⅰ.Find and read the following sentences in your text and pay attention to the underlined parts.1.Over time I have been changed quite a lot.2....,I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.3....I never forget anything I have been told!4.Since the 1970s,many new applications have been found for me.5.I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.Ⅱ.Translate the sentences into Chinese.1.Two windows have been broken.2.The car has not been repaired.3.—Have the cars been repaired?—No,they haven’t.4.How long has her work been finished?Ⅲ.Conclusion of the rules:1.现在完成时的被动语态的结构: 2.现在完成时被动语态各种句式:[肯定式] [否定式] [疑问式] [特殊疑问式] step 2 巩固运用Ⅰ.Fill the blanks1.由于大雪,高速公路已经被封闭。
Section Ⅲ Grammar—现在完成时的被动语态语法图解探究发现①Over time I have been changed quite a lot.②Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.③The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.④The ink has not been removed from the clothes.⑤Haven't your problem been solved?⑥How many buildings have been built in your school?[我的发现](1)以上例句中都使用了现在完成时的被动语态。
(2)以上例句中第①②③句是该时态的肯定句式；第④句是否定句式；第⑤句是一般疑问句式；第⑥句是特殊疑问句式。
一、结构Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.(2017·北京高考)今年美国已经报告了115例麻疹病例，而去年全年共189例。
The construction of the bridge has not been finished.桥的建设还没有完成。
Has the date for the next meeting been decided?下次会议的日期已决定了吗？How long has the battery not been changed?电池多久没有更换了？[即时演练1](1)变换句子The children have already been told the good news.①将上面的句子变为否定句。
人教版高中英语必修 2 现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解(教师版 )【高一同步教程】高中英语必修 2 现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解【学习目标】1．现在完成时被动语态的结构2．现在完成时被动语态的主要用法3．使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题【课前预习】1．什么是语态？语态是表示主语和动词之间的主动关系或被动关系的动词形式。
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者（施动者），被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者（受动者）。
2．对现在完成时被动语态的理解现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合，即“have + been + 动词过去分词”。
试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构：1）主动句：He has repaired the machine for two hours.他修理这台机器已有两小时了。
被动句： The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已修了两小时了。
2）主动句：The teacher has borrowed the books.老师把那些书借走了。
被动句： The books have been borrowed by the teacher.那些书被老师借走了。
【教学过程】一、现在完成时被动语态的构成1．现在完成时被动语态的肯定式由“ have ／ has ＋ been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
例如：Two windows have been broken ．两个窗子被打破了。
2．现在完成时被动语态的否定式由“ have ／ has ＋ not＋ been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
例如：The car has not been repaired ．这辆汽车还没有修好。
3．现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式由“Have／ Has ＋主语＋ been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
例如：① ─ Has her work been finished ？她的工作完成了吗？─ Yes， it has．是的，完成了。
人教版新课标必修二Unit3 The computer语法现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解【学习目标】1．现在完成时被动语态的结构2．现在完成时被动语态的主要用法3．使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题【课前预习】1．什么是语态？语态是表示主语和动词之间的主动关系或被动关系的动词形式。
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者（施动者），被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者（受动者）。
2．对现在完成时被动语态的理解现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合，即“have + been + 动词过去分词”。
试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构：1）主动句：He has repaired the machine for two hours. 他修理这台机器已有两小时了。
被动句：The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已修了两小时了。
2）主动句：The teacher has borrowed the books. 老师把那些书借走了。
被动句：The books have been borrowed by the teacher. 那些书被老师借走了。
【教学过程】一、现在完成时被动语态的构成1．现在完成时被动语态的肯定式由“have ／has ＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
例如：Two windows have been broken．两个窗子被打破了。
2．现在完成时被动语态的否定式由“have ／has ＋not＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
例如：The car has not been repaired．这辆汽车还没有修好。
3．现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式由“Have／Has ＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
例如：①─Has her work been finished？她的工作完成了吗？─Yes，it has．是的，完成了。
【高一同步教程】高中英语必修 2 现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解【学习目标】1．现在完成时被动语态的结构2．现在完成时被动语态的主要用法3．使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题【课前预习】1．什么是语态？语态是表示主语和动词之间的主动关系或被动关系的动词形式。
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者（施动者），被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者（受动者）。
2．对现在完成时被动语态的理解现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合，即“have + been + 动词过去分词”。
试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构：1）主动句：He has repaired the machine for two hours. 他修理这台机器已有两小时了。
被动句：The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已修了两小时了。
2）主动句：The teacher has borrowed the books. 老师把那些书借走了。
被动句：The books have been borrowed by the teacher. 那些书被老师借走了。
【教学过程】一、现在完成时被动语态的构成1．现在完成时被动语态的肯定式由“have ／has ＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
例如：Two windows have been broken．两个窗子被打破了。
2．现在完成时被动语态的否定式由“have ／has ＋not＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
例如：The car has not been repaired．这辆汽车还没有修好。
3．现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式由“Have／Has ＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
例如：①─Has her work been finished？她的工作完成了吗？─Yes，it has．是的，完成了。
Section ⅢLearning about Languageexciting event. However, since students 2.________ (general) do not have any experience in buying cars, it's a good idea to do some research first. Here are some useful 3.________ (suggest) for students on buying a car.Firstly, you need to take costs 4.________ consideration. Some cars break down more often than others and need much money, so make sure to remember this when 5.________ (choose) a car.If you can't afford insurance, then you might not be ready 6.________ (buy) a car. If you shop around, you may be able to find a better price than just going along with 7.________ first company you contact. Ask about good student discounts(折扣)—many insurance companies offer a 8.________ (low) rate if you have good grades.If you do a lot of driving, 9.________ will be in your best interests to pick a car that saves gas.Be sure to read the contract (合同) and check 10.________ there are any unexpected costs. If you don't understand something, ask!【语篇解读】对大学生来说，买车是一件大事，但是因为没有经验，事先多调查研究是明智之举。
Section ⅢGrammar——现在完成时的被动语态语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.Over time I have been changed quite alot.2．I have been used in offices and homessince the 1970s.3．Over time my memory has developed somuch that，like an elephant，I never forgetanything I have been told!4．Since the 1970s many new applicationshave been found for me.5．The ink has not been removed from theclothes.1.例句1，3中的谓语是由“have＋been＋done”构成的现在完成时的被动语态的肯定形式，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。
2．例句2，4中的谓语是由“have＋been＋done”构成的现在完成时的被动语态的肯定形式，表示一个被动的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
3．例句5中的谓语是由“have＋not＋been＋done”构成的现在完成时的被动语态的否定形式。
一、现在完成时的被动语态的构成have/has＋ been ＋过去分词二、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式肯定式主语＋have/has been done...否定式主语＋have/has not been done...一般疑问式Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？特殊疑问式疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？最近热浪横扫了这座城市。
His work has not been finished.他的工作尚未完成。
Have the new booking systems for tickets been used?新的订票系统已在使用中了吗？How long has the battery not been changed?电池多久没有更换了？[即时训练1] 根据要求变换句子The children have already been told the good news.①将上面的句子变为否定句。
Unit3 单元语法详解现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态的用法是高考的重要考点，学习时应该注意下列几点：一、掌握现在完成时的被动语态的构成现在完成时被动语态的结构为has/have been done，使用has been done时主语为第三人称单数形式，使用have been done时主语为其他人称。
如：This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书已被译为多国语言。
His bikes have been sold out. 他的自行车已都卖完了。
例1单句填空More patients (treat)in hospital since last year.思路分析：粉本题考查动词的时态和语态。
解题要考虑时间状语与时态的对应关系和主被动关系。
解析：根据题干中的时间状语since last year可断定应用现在完成时，而patients与treat之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态。
答案：have been treated二、理解现在完成时的被动语态的概念现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作，它有两层意思：（1）动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。
（2）主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系。
如：Our classroom has been cleaned;you needn't clean it now.我们的教室已经被打扫过，你现在没必要再打扫了。
These flowers have been watered;you can go home.这些花已经被浇水了，你可以回家了。
三、现在完成时的被动语态的用法1. 用于不知道动作执行者是谁时。
His bike has been stolen. 他的自行车被人偷了。
（不清楚是被谁偷的）2. 用于动作执行者是泛指或不言自明时。
Not a book in the library has been taken away. 图书馆里的书没有一本被人拿走。
语法：现在完成时的被动语态基础知识讲解1、现在完成时的被动语态的结构◆He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting．他已被挑选出来参加运动会。
◆The ink has not been removed from his overcoat．墨迹还没有从他外套上去掉。
2、现在完成时的被动语态的用法1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。
◆The machine has already been repaired．机器已经修好了。
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long …?”句型中。
◆Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours．公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。
◆How long has this film been shown?这部电影已放映多长时间了？3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
◆You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished．在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。
4.常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：already已经yet已经recently/lately最近since then从那时起ever since自那以来ever曾经so far迄今为止by now到现在为止for a long time 很长一段时间in recent years在最近几年里in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里5.特殊用法(1)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
◆His boss has already punished him．→He has already been punished (by his boss)．(2)带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
◆He gave the little girl an apple．→The little girl was given an apple (by him)．→An apple was given to the little girl (by him)．【课后检测】1. 【◆◆◆】Many a house________ in the powerful earthquake so far, so the homeless survivors have to stay in tents for the time being. (2020江苏四模)A. was damagedB. were damagedC. has been damagedD. have been damaged【答案】C【解析】根据so far 可知用现在完成时；house和damage之间是被动关系；many a 后接单数可数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数表示复数含义。
2. 【◆◆◆】The number of teenagers who commit crimes________20% over the past years. ( 2020越秀区期末)A. have been reduced byB. has been reduced byC. have been reduced toD. has been reduced to【答案】B【解析】根据over the past years 可知用现在完成时，the number of teenagers与reduce之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，又因为the number of teenagers做主语，谓语动词用单数，所以是has been done。
句意为“在过去的几年中，犯罪的青少年人数减少了20%”，减少了….，用reduce by表示。
3. 【◆◆◆】-The machine is working again!-Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it _______.A. has been fixedB. is being fixedC. had been fixedD. would be fixed【答案】A【解析】由The machine is working again!可知，机器现在已经被修好了，用现在完成时的被动语态。
4. 【◆◆◆】Delete the short message at once! Many a man________ by such tricks up to now. （2020河西二模）A. are cheatedB. is cheatedC. have been cheatedD. has been cheated【答案】D【解析】根据up to now可知，用现在完成时，主语man 和cheat 是被动关系，当many a +单数名词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。
5. 【◆◆◆】They can’t go to school tomorrow because the school houses _______ in a fire. (2019珠海期末)A. have been damagedB. have damagedC. will be damagedD. were being damaged【答案】A【解析】根据句意，明天不能来上学，可知学习已经被烧坏了，所以用现在完成时，且the school house 与repair是被动关系。
6. 【◆◆◆】-In the past few months, Kenny_______ more than 1,000 dollars for breaking traffic rules.-No surprise. He is always being careless. (2019高邮期中)A. would be fiendB. had been fiendC. has been finedD. will be fined【答案】C【解析】由in the last few months可知，应该用现在完成时，且Kenny和fine为被动关系，主语为第三人称单数。
7. 【◆◆◆】In the past few years, more than 300 marine and island tourism and recreational zones________ in the coastal areas, with a variety of marine features. (2019和平区校级期中)A. was developedB. have been developedC. had been developedD. were developed【答案】B【解析】由in the past few years 可知用现在完成时，且主语300 marine and island tourism and recreational zones和develop为被动关系。
8. 【◆◆◆】Vast amounts of money _______ in the stock market since he started to work.（2019徐汇区月考）A. have been investedB. has been investedC. had been investedD. was invested【答案】A【解析】由since可知主句用现在完成时，money和invest之间为被动关系，且amounts of+不可数名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
9. 【◆◆◆】As is reported, many a military medical worker _______ in Wuhan to help fight the deadly epidemic. (2020扬州月考)A. has been stationedB. has stationedC. have stationedD. have been stationed【答案】A【解析】句意为“据报道，武汉市驻扎了军队医务人员，协助抗击这一致命传染病”，medical worker和station （派驻，使驻扎）为被动关系。
10. 【◆◆◆】Many copies of the famous writer’s latest book _______ since it came out last month. (2020河东区期末)A. was sold outB. were sold outC. have been sold outD. has been sold out【答案】C【解析】由since可知用现在完成时，Many copies of the famous writer’s latest book与sale out为被动关系，且主语为复数。
