精品中英文翻译--齿轮和轴的介绍-定

常用机械零部件中英文对照天轴 line shaft可倾瓦块轴承 tilting-pad bearing成型填料密封 shaped packing seal曲轴 crank shaft自润滑轴承 self-lubricating bearing含油轴承 oil-impregnated bearing制动功率 braking power板弹簧 leaf spring油(气)膜振盪 oil/gas whip空气弹簧 air spring花键联接 spline joint活塞环 piston ring飞轮 fly wheel径向滑动轴承 journal bearing气体轴承 gas bearing浮环密封 floating ring seal粉末冶金轴承 powder metallurgy bearing 迷宫密封 labyrinth seal带式制动器 band brake推力滑动轴承 thrust bearing液体动压轴承 hydrodynamic bearing液体静压轴承 hydrostatic bearing焊接 welding球轴承 ball bearing连桿 link嵌入离合器 jaw clucth胀圈密封 piston ring seal超越离合器 overrunning clutch塔轮 step pulley填料函密封 packing box seal块式制动器 shoe brake楔联接 wedge joint滑动轴承材料 sliding bearing material 滑轮 pulley万向联轴器 universal coupling游丝 hairspring过盈配合联接 interference fit joint 铆接 riveted joint电磁制动器 electromagnetic brake电磁轴承 electromagnetic bearing槓桿 ganggan滚子轴承 roller bearing滚针轴承 needle bearing磁流体密封 ferrofluidic seal磁流体轴承 hydro-magnetic bearing箔轴承 foil bearing弹性环联接 spring-ring friction joint 摩擦离合器 friction clutch挠性轴 flexible shaft标准紧固件 standard fastener盘式制动器 disk brake胶黏剂 adhesive调速器 governor销联接 pin joint齿轮联轴器 toothed coupling橡胶弹簧 rubber spring机械密封 mechanical seal静密封 static seal螺纹 screw thread螺纹防松 locking of screw joint螺旋密封 screw seal螺旋弹簧 helical spring键联接 key joint转子 rotor离心密封 centrifugal seal宝石轴承 jewel bearing少齿差行星齿轮传动planetary gearing with small difference between the numbers of teeth非圆齿轮传动 non-circular gearing射流 fluidics径节 diametral pitch气缸 pneumatic cylinder气动工具 pneumatic tool气动马达 pneumatic motor气动逻辑元件 pneumatic logic element带传动 belt drive液力耦合器 fluid coupling液力变矩器 fluid torque converter液压伺服阀 hydraulic servo-valve液压泵 hydraulic pump液压马达 hydraulic motor液压控制阀 hydraulic control valve减速器 speed reducer无级变速 infinitely variable speed transmission传动比 speed ratio圆弧齿轮传动 circular profile gearing圆柱齿轮传动 cylindrical gearing电力传动 electrical drive渐开线 involute蓄能器 accumulator摩擦轮传动 friction drive模数 module轮系 train轮齿修形 geartooth correction齿轮承载能力 gear load capacity谐波传动 harmonic drive谐波齿轮传动 harmonic gearing锥蜗桿传动 spiroid drive锥齿轮传动 bevel gearing环面蜗桿传动 enveloping worm drive螺旋传动 screw drive螺旋齿轮传动 crossed helical gearing摆线 cycloid摆线针轮传动 pin-cycloid planetary gearing 摆线齿轮传动 cycloidal gearing双曲面齿轮传动 hypoid gearing绳传动 rope drive链传动 chain drive变位齿轮 profile modified gear变位齿轮传动 profile modified gearing 变速器 transmission gear box.。

毕业设计（论文）外文翻译GEAR AND SHAFT 外文题目INTRODUCTION 译文题目齿轮和轴的介绍专业工程机械专业班级机自082211H学生姓名徐佳宁学号200822010108指导教师要志斌日期2012/3/1齿轮和轴的介绍摘要:在传统机械和现代机械中齿轮和轴的重要地位是不可动摇的。

齿轮和轴主要安装在主轴箱来传递力的方向。

通过加工制造它们可以分为许多的型号，分别用于许多的场合。

所以我们对齿轮和轴的了解和认识必须是多层次多方位的。

关键词:齿轮；轴在直齿圆柱齿轮的受力分析中，是假定各力作用在单一平面的。

我们将研究作用力具有三维坐标的齿轮。

因此，在斜齿轮的情况下，其齿向是不平行于回转轴线的。

而在锥齿轮的情况中各回转轴线互相不平行。

像我们要讨论的那样，尚有其他道理需要学习，掌握。

斜齿轮用于传递平行轴之间的运动。

倾斜角度每个齿轮都一样，但一个必须右旋斜齿，而另一个必须是左旋斜齿。

齿的形状是一溅开线螺旋面。

如果一张被剪成平行四边形（矩形）的纸张包围在齿轮圆柱体上，纸上印出齿的角刃边就变成斜线。

如果我展开这张纸，在血角刃边上的每一个点就发生一渐开线曲线。

直齿圆柱齿轮轮齿的初始接触处是跨过整个齿面而伸展开来的线。

斜齿轮轮齿的初始接触是一点，当齿进入更多的啮合时，它就变成线。

在直齿圆柱齿轮中，接触是平行于回转轴线的。

在斜齿轮中，该先是跨过齿面的对角线。

它是齿轮逐渐进行啮合并平稳的从一个齿到另一个齿传递运动，那样就使斜齿轮具有高速重载下平稳传递运动的能力。

斜齿轮使轴的轴承承受径向和轴向力。

当轴向推力变的大了或由于别的原因而产生某些影响时，那就可以使用人字齿轮。

双斜齿轮（人字齿轮）是与反向的并排地装在同一轴上的两个斜齿轮等效。

他们产生相反的轴向推力作用，这样就消除了轴向推力。

当两个或更多个单向齿斜齿轮被在同一轴上时，齿轮的齿向应作选择，以便产生最小的轴向推力。

交错轴斜齿轮或螺旋齿轮，他们是轴中心线既不相交也不平行。

齿轮中英文对照齿轮基本术语中英文对照齿轮Toothed gear；Gear齿轮副Gear pair平行轴齿轮副Gear pair with parallel axes相交轴齿轮副Gear pair with intersecting axes 齿轮系Train of gears行星齿轮系Planetary gear train齿轮传动Gear drive；Gear transmission配对齿轮Mating gears小齿轮Pinion大齿轮Wheel；Gear主动齿轮Driving gear从动齿轮Driven gear行星齿轮Planet gear行星架Planet carrier太阳轮Sun gear内齿圈Ring gear；Annulus gear外齿轮External gear内齿轮Internal gear中心距Centre distance轴交角Shaft angle连心线Line of centres减速齿轮副Speed reducing gear pair增速齿轮副Speed increasing gear pair齿数比Gear ratio传动比Transmission ratio轴平面Axial plane基准平面Datum plane节平面Pitch plane端平面Transverse plane法平面Normal plane分度曲面Reference surface节曲面Pitch surface齿顶曲面Tip surface齿根曲面Root surface基本齿廓Basic tooth profile基本齿条Basic rack产形齿条Counterpart rack产形齿轮Generating gear of a gear产形齿面Generating flank基准线Datum line轮齿Gear teeth；T ooth齿槽Tooth space右旋齿Right-hand teeth左旋齿Left-hand teeth变位齿轮Gears with addendum modification；X-gears高度变位圆柱齿轮副X-gear pair with reference centre distance 角度变位圆柱齿轮副X-gear pair with modified centre distance 高度变位锥齿轮副X-gear pair without shaft angle modification 角度变位圆柱齿轮副X-gear pair with shaft angle modification 变位系数Modification coefficient变位量Addendum modification径向变位系数Addendum modification coefficient中心距变位系数Centre distance modification coefficient圆柱齿轮Cylindrical gear顶圆Tip circle根圆Root circle齿距Pitch齿距角Angular pitch公法线长度Base tangent length分度圆直径Reference diameter节圆直径Pitch diameter基圆直径Base diameter顶圆直径Tip diameter根圆直径Root diameter齿根圆角半径Fillet radius齿高Tooth depth工作高度Working depth齿顶高Addendum齿根高Dedendum弦齿高Chordal height固定弦齿高Constant chord height齿宽Facewidth有效齿宽Effective facewidth端面齿厚Transverse tooth thickness法向齿厚Normal tooth thickness端面基圆齿厚Transverse base thickness法向基圆齿厚Normal base thickness端面弦齿厚Transverse chordal tooth thickness 固定弦齿厚Constant chord端面齿顶厚Crest width法向齿顶厚Normal crest width端面齿槽宽Transverse spacewidth法向齿槽宽Normal spacewidth齿厚半角Tooth thickness half angle槽宽半角Spacewidth half angle压力角Pressure angle齿形角Nominal pressure angle圆弧圆柱蜗杆Arc-contact worm；hollow flank worm；ZC-worm直廓环面蜗杆Enveloping worm with straight line grneratrix；TA worm平面蜗杆Planar worm wheel；P-worm wheel平面包络环面蜗杆Planar double enveloping worm；TP-worm 平面二次包络蜗杆Planar double-enveloping worm wheel；TP-worm wheel锥面包络环面蜗杆T oroid enveloping worm wheel；TK-worm wheel渐开线包络环面蜗杆Toroid enveloping worm hich involute holicoidgeneratrix；TI-worm锥蜗杆Spiroid锥蜗轮Spiroid gear锥蜗杆副Spiroid gear pair中平面Mid-plane长幅内摆线Prolate hypocycloid短幅内摆线Curtate hypocycloid渐开线Involute；Involute to a circle延伸渐开线Prolate involute缩短渐开线Curtate involute球面渐开线Spherical involute渐开螺旋面Involute helicoid阿基米德螺旋面Screw helicoid球面渐开螺旋面Spherical involute helicoid圆环面T oroid圆环面的母圈Generant of the toroit圆环面的中性圈Middle circle of the toroid圆环面的中间平面Middle-plane of the toroid圆环面的内圈Inner circle of the toroid啮合干涉Meshing interference切齿干涉Cutter interference齿廓修型Profile modification；Profile correction修缘Tip relief修根Root relief齿向修形Axial modification；Longitudinal correction齿端修薄End relief鼓形修整Crowning鼓形齿Crowned teeth挖根Undercut瞬时轴Instantaneous axis瞬时接触点Point of contact瞬时接触线Line of contact端面啮合线Transverse path of contact啮合曲面Surface of action啮合平面Plane of action啮合区域Zone of action总作用弧Total arc of transmission端面作用弧Transverse arc of transmission纵向作用弧Overlap arc总作用角Total angle of transmission端面作用角Transverse angle of transmission 纵向作用角Overlap angle总重合度Total contact ratio端面重合度Transverse ratio纵向重合度Overlap ratio标准齿轮Standard gears非变位齿轮X-gero gear标准中心距Referencrcentre distance 名义中心距Nominal centre distance 分度圆柱面Reference cylinder节圆柱面Pitch cylinder基圆柱面Basic cylinder齿顶圆柱面Tip cylinder齿根圆柱面Root cylinder节点Pitch point节线Pitch line分度圆Reference circle节圆Pitch circle基圆Basic circle定位面Locating face外锥距Outer cone distance内锥距Inner cone distance中点锥距Mean cone distance背锥距Back cone distance安装距Locating distance轮冠距Tip distance；crown to back 冠顶距Apex to crown偏置距Offset齿线偏移量Offset of tooth trace分锥角Reference cone angle节锥角Pitch cone angle顶锥角Tip angle根锥角Root angle背锥角Back cone angle齿顶角Addendum angel齿根角Dedendum angle任意点压力角Pressure angle at a point任意点螺旋角Spiral angle at a point中点螺旋角Mean spiral angle大端螺旋角Outer spiral angle小端螺旋角Inner spiral angle蜗杆Worm蜗轮Worm wheel蜗杆副Worm gear pair圆柱蜗杆Cylindrical worm圆柱蜗杆副Cylindrical worm pair环面蜗杆Enveloping worm环面蜗杆副Enveloping worm pair阿基米德蜗杆Straight sided axial worm；ZA-worm渐开线蜗杆Involute helicoid worm；ZI-worm法向直廓蜗杆Straight sided normal worm；ZN-worm锥面包络圆柱蜗杆Milled helicoid worm；ZK-worm椭圆齿轮Elliptical gear非圆齿轮副Non-circular gear pair圆柱针轮副Cylindsical lantern pinion and wheel针轮Cylindsical tan tein gear ；pin-wheel谐波齿轮副Harmoric gear drive波发生器Wave generator柔性齿轮Flexspine刚性齿轮Circular spline非圆齿轮Non-circular gear分度圆环面Reference tosoidinvolute spline data：渐开线花键参数flat root side fit ：平齿根齿侧定心三维|cad|机械汽车技术|catia|pro/e|ug|inventor|solidedge|soli dworks|caxa# u5 f9 E4 {6 p1 `, V; B2 |/ ^pith（应为pitch）：径节 14/32number of teeth：齿数 195 d, b. w( @6 }# f9 [pressure angle ：压力角 30base cicledia (ref) ：基圆直径/doc/bb7992786.html,( K. M H' r! J$ \* S$ ]2 _ cicular space width：分度圆齿槽宽min effective：最小作用齿槽宽 0.0982. n! B6 [) W3 {2 K) u3 o6 b% K$ ]) hmax effective(ref) ：最大作用齿槽宽 0.0997min actual(ref)：最小实际齿槽宽 0.0992& q. Z" s7 I$ N& |" `" omax actual ：最大实际齿槽宽0.1007三维,cad,机械技术汽车,catia,pr o/e,ug,i nventor,solidedge,solidw orks,ca xa,时空镇江, {9 e# I1 ]( I3 y+ G& A# Mmax mesaurement between two 0.0900 dia pins：在量棒直径0.09之间的量棒距最大值1.0878 involute profile error ：齿形误差+0.0003 -0.0005total index error max ：相当于齿距累积误差0.0015mat parallelism error：齿向误差 0.0005三维|cad|机械汽车技术|catia|pro/e|ug|inventor|soli dedge|solidworks|ca xa. n E% H0 x! r8 u' F/doc/bb7992786.html,3 J9 c" ]4 O) E" d- k PITCH DIA. (STAND ＆MESHING)分度圆直径CIRCULAR PITCH (NORM) 基节FORM DIAMETER 展成圆直径MAX. ACTUAL 最大实际齿厚MIN. LEFECTIVE 最小作用齿厚MEASUREMENT BETWEEN PINS 跨棒距（就是M值）FORM DIAMETER 展成圆直径,一般来说，是叫渐开线起始圆直径或终止圆直径比较好。

中间齿轮intermediate gear(counter gear) 副轴齿轮counter shaft gear副轴counter shaft变速器输入轴transmission imput shaft变速器输出轴transmission output shaft变速器主动齿轮轴transmission drive gear shaft变速器主轴transmission main shaft变速器中间轴transmission countershaft 变速器轴的刚度rigidity of shaft变速齿轮比(变速比）transmission gear ratio 传动比gear ratio主压力line pressure调制压力modulated pressure真空调制压力vacuum modulator pressure 速控压力governor pressure缓冲压力compensator or trimmer pressure限档压力hold presure前油泵front pump （input pump ）液力传动装置充油压力hydrodynamic unit change pressure后油泵gear pump (output pump )回油泵scavenge oil pump阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm安全系数safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷safe load变形deformation摆线齿轮cycloidal gear 摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profile背锥角back angle背锥距back cone distance比例尺scale变速speed change变速齿轮change gear ；change wheel 变位齿轮modified gear变位系数modification coefficient标准齿轮standard gear标准直齿轮standard spur gear表面粗糙度surface roughness不完全齿轮机构intermittent gearing补偿compensation参数化设计parameterization design，PD 残余应力residual stress操纵及控制装置operation control device 槽数Geneva numerate侧隙backlash差动轮系differential gear train差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism差速器differential常用机构conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use承载量系数bearing capacity factor承载能力bearing capacity成对安装paired mounting尺寸系列dimension series齿槽tooth space齿槽宽spacewidth齿侧间隙backlash齿顶高addendum齿顶圆addendum circle齿根高dedendum齿根圆dedendum circle齿厚tooth thickness齿距circular pitch齿宽face width齿廓tooth profile齿廓曲线tooth curve齿轮gear齿轮变速箱speed-changing gear boxes 齿轮齿条机构pinion and rack齿轮插刀pinion cutter; pinion-shapedshaper cutter齿轮滚刀hob ，hobbing cutter齿轮机构gear齿轮轮坯blank齿轮传动系pinion unit齿轮联轴器gear coupling齿条传动rack gear齿数tooth number齿数比gear ratio齿条rack齿条插刀rack cutter；rack-shaped shaper cutter齿形链、无声链silent chain齿形系数form factor齿式棘轮机构tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机gear shaper重合点coincident points重合度contact ratio传动比transmission ratio, speed ratio传动装置gearing; transmission gear传动系统driven system传动角transmission angle传动轴transmission shaft创新设计creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷normal load从动带轮driven pulley从动件driven link, follower从动件平底宽度width of flat—face从动件停歇follower dwell从动件运动规律follower motion从动轮driven gear粗线bold line粗牙螺纹coarse thread大齿轮gear wheel打滑slipping带传动belt driving单列轴承single row bearing单位矢量unit vector当量齿轮equivalent spur gear；virtual gear当量齿数equivalent teeth number；virtual number of teeth当量摩擦系数equivalent coefficient of friction 当量载荷equivalent load刀具cutter导数derivative倒角chamfer导程lead导程角lead angle等效质量equivalent mass（疲劳）点蚀pitting垫圈gasket垫片密封gasket seal顶隙bottom clearance定轴轮系ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes动力学dynamics动密封kinematical seal动能dynamic energy动力粘度dynamic viscosity动力润滑dynamic lubrication动载荷dynamic load端面transverse plane端面参数transverse parameters端面齿距transverse circular pitch端面齿廓transverse tooth profile端面重合度transverse contact ratio端面模数transverse module端面压力角transverse pressure angle锻造forge惰轮idle gear额定寿命rating life额定载荷load rating发生线generating line发生面generating plane法面normal plane法面参数normal parameters法面齿距normal circular pitch法面模数normal module法面压力角normal pressure angle法向齿距normal pitch法向齿廓normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆straight sided normal worm 法向力normal force反正切Arctan范成法generating cutting仿形法form cutting非标准齿轮nonstandard gear非接触式密封non—contact seal非周期性速度波动aperiodic speed fluctuation非圆齿轮non-circular gear粉末合金powder metallurgy分度线reference line；standard pitch line 分度圆reference circle; standard （cutting) pitch circle分度圆柱导程角lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋角helix angle at reference cylinder分母denominator分子numerator分度圆锥reference cone；standard pitch cone封闭差动轮系planetary differential复合应力combined stress复式螺旋机构Compound screw mechanism干涉interference刚度系数stiffness coefficient钢丝软轴wire soft shaft根切undercutting公称直径nominal diameter高度系列height series功work工况系数application factor工艺设计technological design工作循环图working cycle diagram工作机构operation mechanism工作载荷external loads工作空间working space工作应力working stress工作阻力effective resistance工作阻力矩effective resistance moment公法线common normal line公制齿轮metric gears功率power功能分析设计function analyses design共轭齿廓conjugate profiles共轭凸轮conjugate cam惯性力矩moment of inertia ，shaking moment惯性力平衡balance of shaking force冠轮crown gear轨迹生成path generation轨迹发生器path generator滚刀hob过度切割undercutting耗油量oil consumption耗油量系数oil consumption factor横坐标abscissa互换性齿轮interchangeable gears花键spline滑键、导键feather key滑动率sliding ratio环面蜗杆toroid helicoids worm缓冲装置shocks；shock—absorber机械machinery机械平衡balance of machinery机械设计machine design；mechanical design机械特性mechanical behavior机械调速mechanical speed governors机械效率mechanical efficiency机械原理theory of machines and mechanisms机械无级变速mechanical stepless speed changes基础机构fundamental mechanism基本额定寿命basic rating life基于实例设计case—based design,CBD 基圆base circle基圆半径radius of base circle基圆齿距base pitch基圆压力角pressure angle of base circle 基圆柱base cylinder基圆锥base cone极限位置extreme （or limiting）position 极位夹角crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions计算机辅助设计computer aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造computer aided manufacturing，CAM计算机集成制造系统computer integratedmanufacturing system, CIMS计算力矩factored moment；calculation moment计算弯矩calculated bending moment间隙backlash减速比reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置reduction gear减速器speed reducer渐开螺旋面involute helicoid渐开线involute渐开线齿廓involute profile渐开线齿轮involute gear渐开线发生线generating line of involute 渐开线方程involute equation渐开线函数involute function渐开线蜗杆involute worm渐开线压力角pressure angle of involute 渐开线花键involute spline键key键槽keyway交变应力repeated stress交变载荷repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动cross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮crossed helical gears胶合scoring角速度angular velocity角速比angular velocity ratio结构structure结构设计structural design截面section节点pitch point节距circular pitch; pitch of teeth节线pitch line节圆pitch circle节圆齿厚thickness on pitch circle节圆直径pitch diameter节圆锥pitch cone节圆锥角pitch cone angle解析设计analytical design紧边tight—side紧固件fastener径节diametral pitch径向radial direction径向当量动载荷dynamic equivalent radial load径向当量静载荷static equivalent radial load径向基本额定动载荷basic dynamic radial load rating径向基本额定静载荷basic static radial load tating径向接触轴承radial contact bearing径向平面radial plane径向游隙radial internal clearance径向载荷radial load径向载荷系数radial load factor径向间隙clearance静力static force静平衡static balance静载荷static load绝对运动absolute motion绝对速度absolute velocity可靠性reliability可靠性设计reliability design, RD理论廓线pitch curve理论啮合线theoretical line of action力矩moment力平衡equilibrium力偶couple力偶矩moment of couple轮坯blank螺旋副helical pair螺旋机构screw mechanism螺旋角helix angle螺旋线helix ，helical line模块化设计modular design, MD模数module磨损abrasion ；wear；scratching耐磨性wear resistance内齿轮internal gear内齿圈ring gear内力internal force内圈inner ring啮合engagement, mesh，gearing啮合点contact points啮合角working pressure angle啮合线line of action啮合线长度length of line of action盘形转子disk—like rotor抛物线运动parabolic motion疲劳极限fatigue limit疲劳强度fatigue strength偏置式offset偏（心）距offset distance偏心率eccentricity ratio偏心质量eccentric mass偏距圆offset circle偏心盘eccentric切齿深度depth of cut曲齿锥齿轮spiral bevel gear曲率curvature曲率半径radius of curvature曲面从动件curved—shoe follower曲线运动curvilinear motion全齿高whole depth权重集weight sets球面副spheric pair球面渐开线spherical involute球面运动spherical motion人字齿轮herringbone gear润滑装置lubrication device润滑lubrication三角形花键serration spline三角形螺纹V thread screw少齿差行星传动planetary drive with small teeth difference升程rise升距lift实际廓线cam profile输出轴output shaft实际啮合线actual line of action双曲面齿轮hyperboloid gear顺时针clockwise瞬心instantaneous center死点dead point太阳轮sun gear特性characteristics图册、图谱atlas图解法graphical method退火anneal陀螺仪gyroscope外力external force 外形尺寸boundary dimension网上设计on-net design，OND微动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism位移displacement蜗杆worm蜗杆传动机构worm gearing蜗杆头数number of threads蜗杆直径系数diametral quotient蜗杆蜗轮机构worm and worm gear蜗杆形凸轮步进机构worm cam interval mechanism蜗杆旋向hands of worm蜗轮worm gear无级变速装置stepless speed changes devices相对速度relative velocity相对运动relative motion相对间隙relative gap象限quadrant橡皮泥plasticine小齿轮pinion小径minor diameter谐波齿轮harmonic gear谐波传动harmonic driving斜齿轮的当量直齿轮equivalent spur gear of the helical gear心轴spindle行程速度变化系数coefficient of travel speed variation行程速比系数advance—to return-time ratio行星齿轮装置planetary transmission行星轮planet gear行星轮变速装置planetary speed changing devices行星轮系planetary gear train旋转运动rotary motion压力角pressure angle应力图stress diagram应力—应变图stress—strain diagram优化设计optimal design油杯oil bottle有效圆周力effective circle force圆带传动round belt drive圆弧齿厚circular thickness圆弧圆柱蜗杆hollow flank worm圆角半径fillet radius圆盘摩擦离合器disc friction clutch圆盘制动器disc brake原动机prime mover原始机构original mechanism圆形齿轮circular gear圆柱滚子cylindrical roller圆柱滚子轴承cylindrical roller bearing圆柱副cylindric pair圆柱蜗杆cylindrical worm圆锥滚子tapered roller圆锥滚子轴承tapered roller bearing圆锥齿轮机构bevel gears圆锥角cone angle运动副kinematic pair运动粘度kenematic viscosity载荷load展成法generating直齿圆柱齿轮spur gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear直径系数diametral quotient直径系列diameter series直廓环面蜗杆hindley worm质量mass中心距center distance中心距变动center distance change中径mean diameter终止啮合点final contact，end of contact 周节pitch轴shaft轴承盖bearing cup轴承合金bearing alloy轴承座bearing block轴承外径bearing outside diameter轴颈journal轴瓦、轴承衬bearing bush轴端挡圈shaft end ring轴环shaft collar轴肩shaft shoulder轴角shaft angle轴向axial direction 轴向齿廓axial tooth profile转动副revolute (turning）pair转速swiveling speed ; rotating speed转轴revolving shaft转子rotor装配条件assembly condition锥齿轮bevel gear锥顶common apex of cone锥距cone distance锥轮bevel pulley; bevel wheel锥齿轮的当量直齿轮equivalent spur gear of the bevel gear锥面包络圆柱蜗杆milled helicoids worm 准双曲面齿轮hypoid gear自由度degree of freedom, mobility总重合度total contact ratio总反力resultant force总效率combined efficiency；overall efficiency组成原理theory of constitution组合齿形composite tooth form组合安装stack mounting最少齿数minimum teeth number最小向径minimum radius作用力applied force坐标系coordinate frame电磁阀调压阀solenoid regulator valve液力变矩器旁通阀converter bypass valve 速控阀governor valve选档阀selectro valve换档阀shift valve信号阀signal valve继动阀relay valve换档指令发生器shift pattern generator档位指示器shift indicator（shift torwer）先导阀priority valve流量阀flow valve重迭阀overlap valve液力减速器控制阀retarder control valve。

齿轮参数中英文对照EXTERNAL SPUR GEAR DAT外圆柱齿轮参数）manu facturi ng data （制造参数）part number （零件号）tooth form （齿面）gear type （齿轮类型）nu mber of teeth （齿数）normal module （法向模数）normal pressure angle （at ref circle）法向压力角（在分度圆上）helix angle （at ref circle）螺旋角（在分度圆上）helical lead （螺旋导程）hand of helix （旋向）referenee face width （参考齿宽）outside diameter （齿顶圆直径）chamfer diameter （倒圆直径）referen ce（pitch）circle diameter （分度圆直径）或节圆start of active profile diameter 有效渐开线起始圆直径form diameter 展成直径root diameter齿根圆直径base circle diameter 基圆直径whole depth 全齿高normal circular tooth thickness （at reference circle）法向弧齿厚（在分度圆上）root type齿根形式root fillet radius 齿根圆角半径lead crown齿向鼓形HOB DATA滚刀参数pressure angle 压力角tooth thickness at reference line 分圆齿厚protuberanee 凸角tip radius齿顶圆半径reference part number 零件号INSPECTION DAT检验数据profile tolerance and modifications 齿形公差和修形profile hollow 齿形中凹refernce pitch circle runout 节圆跳动pitch variation 齿距偏差lead variation 齿向偏差lead hollow 齿向中凹profile surface finish渐开线齿面精加工ball diameter量球直径dimension over two balls in same plane 跨棒距REFERENCE DATA-MATING GEAR齿齿的参考参数no rmal cen ter dista nce 中心距mating gear part number 对啮齿轮零件号mumber of teeth on mating gear 对啮轮齿数backlash （nominal CD ,ROOM TEMP侧隙（法线方向，室温）generalnotes （通用技术要求）1. DO not scale drawi ng（不要在图上量取尺寸）2. all surfaces corners and edges must be free from burrsand sharp edges-break 0.075 MM MAX（所有面，角和边不能有毛刺，锐边倒钝不超过0.075mm）3. unless otherwise stated（除非特别注明，否则）A. all dimensions and tolerance are in millimeters perCh in ese sta ndard（所有以毫米为单位的尺寸和公差均按中国标准）B. all surface finishes to be 3.2 micrometer or better（所有表面粗糙度不应低于 3.2）C. all dime nsion are fini shed dime nsions;no allowa nce has bee nmade for any change in maximum or least material condition due to heat treatment（所有尺寸均为最终尺寸；热处理导致的最大或最小实体条件的变化不应超出允差）D linear dimensions to be +/- 0.25 MM（线性尺寸偏差为+/-0.25 MM）E angular dimensions to be +/- 0.5 o（角度尺寸偏差为+/-0.5o）4. mark part number as shown（女口图作零件号）5. mark serial number as shown（如图作系列号）6. heat treatment to be applied to all surfaces（整体热处理）gear notes（齿轮技术要求）1. do n ot gri nd roots and fillets after heat treatme nt（热处理后不得磨及齿根和圆角）2. no steps or grooves permissible in root and fillet region afterho ning or grin di ng（珩磨后，齿根和圆角区域不允许有台阶或凹痕）3. profile tolerance based upon floating band fit（齿形误差应以公差带为计）4. gear must be free from grind burns and tempering（齿面不得烧伤）5. pitch line runout and other tooth tolera nces are with respect todatum A（节圆跳动和其它齿轮公差均以基准A为测量基准）6. profile tolerance to be measured between form and chamfer（齿形误差应由渐开线起始（或终止）圆测量至齿顶倒角）7. min hard ness must be achieved in tooth root and fillet regio n（齿根和圆角处的硬度不得低于硬度下差）8. root radius tan ge nt to profile not to exte nd above form diameter（齿根圆角要与齿面相切，而且不能超过渐开线起始（或终止）圆直径。

外文原文：The Introduction of the gearsIn the force analysis of spur gears, the forces are assumed to act in a single plane. We shall study gears in which the forces have three dimensions. The reason for this, in the case of helical gears, is that the teeth are not parallel to the axis of rotation. And in the case of bevel gears, the rotational axes are not parallel to each other. There are also other reasons, as we shall learn.Helical gears are used to transmit motion between parallel shafts. The helix angle is the same on each gear, but one gear must have a right-hand helix and the other a left-hand helix. The shape of the tooth is an involute helicoid. If a piece of paper cut in the shape of a parallelogram is wrapped around a cylinder, the angular edge of the paper becomes a helix. If we unwind this paper, each point on the angular edge generates an involute curve. The surface obtained when every point on the edge generates an involute is called an involute helicoid.The initial contact of spur-gear teeth is a line extending all the way across the face of the tooth. The initial contact of helical gear teeth is a point, which changes into a line as the teeth come into more engagement. In spur gears the line of contact is parallel to the axis of the rotation; in helical gears, the line is diagonal across the face of the tooth. It is this gradual of the teeth and the smooth transfer of load from one tooth to another, which give helical gears the ability to transmit heavy loads at high speeds. Helical gears subject the shaft bearings to both radial and thrust loads. When the thrust loads become high or are objectionable for other reasons, it may be desirable to use double helical gears. A double helical gear (herringbone) is equivalent to two helical gears of opposite hand, mounted side by side on the same shaft. They develop opposite thrust reactions and thus cancel out the thrust load. When two or more single helical gears are mounted on the same shaft, the hand of the gears should be selected so as to produce the minimum thrust load.Crossed-helical, or spiral, gears are those in which the shaft centerlines are neither parallel nor intersecting. The teeth of crossed-helical fears have point contact with each other, which changes to line contact as the gears wear in. For this reason they will carry outvery small loads and are mainly for instrumental applications, and are definitely not recommended for use in the transmission of power. There is on difference between a crossed helical gear and a helical gear until they are mounted in mesh with each other. They are manufactured in the same way. A pair of meshed crossed helical gears usually have the same hand; that is ,a right-hand driver goes with a right-hand driven. In the design of crossed-helical gears, the minimum sliding velocity is obtained when the helix angle are equal. However, when the helix angle are not equal, the gear with the larger helix angle should be used as the driver if both gears have the same hand.Worm gears are similar to crossed helical gears. The pinion or worm has a small number of teeth, usually one to four, and since they completely wrap around the pitch cylinder they are called threads. Its mating gear is called a worm gear, which is not a true helical gear. A worm and worm gear are used to provide a high angular-velocity reduction between nonintersecting shafts which are usually at right angle. The worm gear is not a helical gear because its face is made concave to fit the curvature of the worm in order to provide line contact instead of point contact. However, a disadvantage of worm gearing is the high sliding velocities across the teeth, the same as with crossed helical gears.Worm gearing are either single or double enveloping. A single-enveloping gearing is one in which the gear wraps around or partially encloses the worm.. A gearing in which each element partially encloses the other is, of course, a double-enveloping worm gearing. The important difference between the two is that area contact exists between the teeth of double-enveloping gears while only line contact between those of single-enveloping gears. The worm and worm gear of a set have the same hand of helix as for crossed helical gears, but the helix angles are usually quite different. The helix angle on the worm is generally quite large, and that on the gear very small. Because of this, it is usual to specify the lead angle on the worm, which is the complement of the worm helix angle, and the helix angle on the gear; the two angles are equal for a 90-deg. Shaft angle.When gears are to be used to transmit motion between intersecting shaft, some of bevel gear is required. Although bevel gear are usually made for a shaft angle of 90 deg. They may be produced for almost any shaft angle. The teeth may be cast, milled, or generated. Only the generated teeth may be classed as accurate. In a typical bevel gearmounting, one of the gear is often mounted outboard of the bearing. This means that shaft deflection can be more pronounced and have a greater effect on the contact of teeth. Another difficulty, which occurs in predicting the stress in bevel-gear teeth, is the fact the teeth are tapered.Straight bevel gears are easy to design and simple to manufacture and give very good results in service if they are mounted accurately and positively. As in the case of squr gears, however, they become noisy at higher values of the pitch-line velocity. In these cases it is often good design practice to go to the spiral bevel gear, which is the bevel counterpart of the helical gear. As in the case of helical gears, spiral bevel gears give a much smoother tooth action than straight bevel gears, and hence are useful where high speed are encountered.It is frequently desirable, as in the case of automotive differential applications, to have gearing similar to bevel gears but with the shaft offset. Such gears are called hypoid gears because their pitch surfaces are hyperboloids of revolution. The tooth action between such gears is a combination of rolling and sliding along a straight line and has much in common with that of worm gears.中文译文：齿轮简介在直齿圆柱齿轮的受力分析中，是假定各力作用在单一平面的。

机械名词英译汉机械名词英译汉机械工程是工程学科的一个分支，其涉及机器的设计，制造和维护。

这个学科需要大量使用技术术语和专业名词，因此，对于机械工程师和学生来说，正确理解和使用这些术语至关重要。

本文将涵盖一些重要的机械名词的英译汉，以帮助读者更好地理解机械工程领域的术语。

1. Gear （齿轮）Gear是机械工程中最常用的术语之一，用于传递动力和转动的力量。

齿轮通常由一个中心齿轮和一个或多个与之相配合的齿轮构成，在其中一个齿轮上的动力转移到另一个齿轮上。

齿轮是各种机械操作中的关键元素，例如，汽车的发动机，飞机的引擎，船舶的驱动器等都使用了齿轮系统。

2. Bearing （轴承）耐磨性和摩擦力低是轴承的两个最重要的特性。

它们广泛用于所有类型机器的转动和部件之间的支撑，并能承受重量和磨损。

在机械工程领域，轴承可被分类为摩擦和滚动。

摩擦式轴承是由摩擦力或间隙支撑的，而滚动式轴承则是由滚动元件支撑的。

3. Piston （活塞）活塞是在内部燃烧引擎中的一个重要组件。

它由一个圆柱形的金属组件组成，通常是铸铝制成。

活塞与其他发动机部件相组配，例如缸头、气门、连杆、曲轴等组成了发动机的核心组件。

活塞通过与曲轴相连的连杆来驱动发动机的排气和进气过程。

4. Crankshaft (曲轴)曲轴是发动机的一个核心部分，其工作原理是将活塞的线性运动转换为旋转运动。

曲轴由一系列平行于发动机缸体的钢杆组成，并通过各个连杆与活塞相连接。

曲轴在内燃机工作过程中，通过活塞与连杆产生力来驱动发动机的工作。

5. Camshaft （凸轮轴）凸轮轴通常作为发动机的一部分工作，用于控制发动机的气门。

凸轮轴通过凸轮来支配气门的开启和关闭时间。

根据气门的开合时间和顺序，发动机可以实现不同的运行模式，例如高性能，经济和节能模式。

6. Belt （皮带）皮带用于将发动机的动力传输到其他部件，例如发电机，空调压缩机等。

皮带的类型非常多，例如同步带，V带，V-Rib 带等。

中间齿轮intermediate gear(counter gear) 副轴齿轮counter shaft gear副轴counter shaft变速器输入轴transmission imput shaft变速器输出轴transmission output shaft变速器主动齿轮轴transmission drive gear shaft变速器主轴transmission main shaft变速器中间轴transmission countershaft 变速器轴的刚度rigidity of shaft变速齿轮比(变速比)transmission gear ratio 传动比gear ratio主压力line pressure调制压力modulated pressure真空调制压力vacuum modulator pressure 速控压力governor pressure缓冲压力compensator or trimmer pressure限档压力hold presure前油泵front pump (input pump )液力传动装置充油压力hydrodynamic unit change pressure后油泵gear pump (output pump )回油泵scavenge oil pump阿基米德蜗杆 Archimedes worm安全系数safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷 safe load变形 deformation 摆线齿轮 cycloidal gear摆线齿形 cycloidal tooth profile背锥角 back angle背锥距 back cone distance比例尺 scale变速 speed change变速齿轮 change gear ; change wheel变位齿轮 modified gear变位系数 modification coefficient标准齿轮 standard gear标准直齿轮 standard spur gear表面粗糙度 surface roughness不完全齿轮机构 intermittent gearing补偿 compensation参数化设计 parameterization design, PD 残余应力 residual stress操纵及控制装置operation control device槽数 Geneva numerate侧隙 backlash差动轮系 differential gear train差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism差速器 differential常用机构conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use承载量系数 bearing capacity factor承载能力 bearing capacity成对安装 paired mounting尺寸系列 dimension series齿槽 tooth space齿槽宽 spacewidth齿侧间隙 backlash齿顶高 addendum齿顶圆 addendum circle齿根高 dedendum齿根圆 dedendum circle齿厚 tooth thickness齿距 circular pitch齿宽 face width齿廓 tooth profile齿廓曲线 tooth curve齿轮 gear齿轮变速箱 speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构 pinion and rack齿轮插刀 pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter齿轮滚刀 hob ,hobbing cutter齿轮机构 gear齿轮轮坯 blank齿轮传动系 pinion unit齿轮联轴器 gear coupling齿条传动 rack gear齿数 tooth number齿数比 gear ratio齿条 rack齿条插刀rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter齿形链、无声链 silent chain齿形系数 form factor齿式棘轮机构 tooth ratchet mechanism 插齿机 gear shaper重合点 coincident points重合度 contact ratio传动比 transmission ratio, speed ratio 传动装置 gearing; transmission gear传动系统 driven system传动角 transmission angle传动轴 transmission shaft创新设计 creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷 normal load从动带轮 driven pulley从动件 driven link, follower从动件平底宽度 width of flat-face从动件停歇 follower dwell从动件运动规律 follower motion从动轮 driven gear粗线 bold line粗牙螺纹 coarse thread大齿轮 gear wheel打滑 slipping带传动 belt driving单列轴承 single row bearing单位矢量 unit vector当量齿轮 equivalent spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth 当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷 equivalent load刀具 cutter导数 derivative倒角 chamfer导程 lead导程角 lead angle等效质量 equivalent mass（疲劳）点蚀 pitting垫圈 gasket垫片密封 gasket seal顶隙 bottom clearance定轴轮系ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes动力学 dynamics动密封 kinematical seal动能 dynamic energy动力粘度 dynamic viscosity动力润滑 dynamic lubrication动载荷 dynamic load端面 transverse plane端面参数 transverse parameters端面齿距 transverse circular pitch端面齿廓 transverse tooth profile端面重合度 transverse contact ratio端面模数 transverse module端面压力角 transverse pressure angle 锻造 forge惰轮 idle gear额定寿命 rating life额定载荷 load rating发生线 generating line发生面 generating plane法面 normal plane法面参数 normal parameters法面齿距 normal circular pitch法面模数 normal module法面压力角 normal pressure angle法向齿距 normal pitch法向齿廓 normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆 straight sided normal worm 法向力 normal force反正切 Arctan范成法 generating cutting仿形法 form cutting非标准齿轮 nonstandard gear非接触式密封 non-contact seal非周期性速度波动aperiodic speed fluctuation非圆齿轮 non-circular gear粉末合金 powder metallurgy分度线 reference line; standard pitch line分度圆reference circle; standard (cutting) pitch circle分度圆柱导程角 lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋角 helix angle at reference cylinder分母 denominator分子 numerator分度圆锥 reference cone; standard pitch cone封闭差动轮系 planetary differential复合应力 combined stress复式螺旋机构 Compound screw mechanism 干涉 interference刚度系数 stiffness coefficient钢丝软轴 wire soft shaft根切 undercutting公称直径 nominal diameter高度系列 height series功 work工况系数 application factor工艺设计 technological design工作循环图 working cycle diagram工作机构 operation mechanism工作载荷 external loads工作空间 working space工作应力 working stress工作阻力 effective resistance工作阻力矩 effective resistance moment 公法线 common normal line公制齿轮 metric gears功率 power功能分析设计 function analyses design 共轭齿廓 conjugate profiles 共轭凸轮 conjugate cam惯性力矩moment of inertia ,shaking moment惯性力平衡 balance of shaking force冠轮 crown gear轨迹生成 path generation轨迹发生器 path generator滚刀 hob过度切割 undercutting耗油量 oil consumption耗油量系数 oil consumption factor横坐标 abscissa互换性齿轮 interchangeable gears花键 spline滑键、导键 feather key滑动率 sliding ratio环面蜗杆 toroid helicoids worm缓冲装置 shocks; shock-absorber机械 machinery机械平衡 balance of machinery机械设计machine design; mechanical design机械特性 mechanical behavior机械调速 mechanical speed governors机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械原理theory of machines and mechanisms机械无级变速 mechanical stepless speed changes基础机构 fundamental mechanism基本额定寿命 basic rating life基于实例设计 case-based design,CBD基圆 base circle基圆半径 radius of base circle基圆齿距 base pitch基圆压力角pressure angle of base circle基圆柱 base cylinder基圆锥 base cone极限位置 extreme (or limiting) position 极位夹角 crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions计算机辅助设计 computer aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造computer aided manufacturing, CAM计算机集成制造系统 computer integrated manufacturing system, CIMS计算力矩 factored moment; calculation moment计算弯矩 calculated bending moment间隙 backlash减速比 reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置 reduction gear减速器 speed reducer渐开螺旋面 involute helicoid渐开线 involute渐开线齿廓 involute profile渐开线齿轮 involute gear渐开线发生线generating line of involute渐开线方程 involute equation渐开线函数 involute function渐开线蜗杆 involute worm渐开线压力角 pressure angle of involute 渐开线花键 involute spline键 key键槽 keyway交变应力 repeated stress交变载荷 repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动 cross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮 crossed helical gears胶合 scoring角速度 angular velocity角速比 angular velocity ratio结构 structure结构设计 structural design截面 section节点 pitch point节距 circular pitch; pitch of teeth节线 pitch line节圆 pitch circle节圆齿厚 thickness on pitch circle节圆直径 pitch diameter节圆锥 pitch cone节圆锥角 pitch cone angle解析设计 analytical design紧边 tight-side 紧固件 fastener径节 diametral pitch径向 radial direction径向当量动载荷dynamic equivalent radial load径向当量静载荷static equivalent radial load径向基本额定动载荷basic dynamic radial load rating径向基本额定静载荷 basic static radial load tating径向接触轴承 radial contact bearing径向平面 radial plane径向游隙 radial internal clearance径向载荷 radial load径向载荷系数 radial load factor径向间隙 clearance静力 static force静平衡 static balance静载荷 static load绝对运动 absolute motion绝对速度 absolute velocity可靠性 reliability可靠性设计 reliability design, RD理论廓线 pitch curve理论啮合线 theoretical line of action 力矩 moment力平衡 equilibrium力偶 couple力偶矩 moment of couple轮坯 blank螺旋副 helical pair螺旋机构 screw mechanism螺旋角 helix angle螺旋线 helix ,helical line模块化设计 modular design, MD模数 module磨损 abrasion ;wear; scratching耐磨性 wear resistance内齿轮 internal gear内齿圈 ring gear内力 internal force内圈 inner ring啮合 engagement, mesh, gearing啮合点 contact points啮合角 working pressure angle啮合线 line of action啮合线长度 length of line of action盘形转子 disk-like rotor抛物线运动 parabolic motion疲劳极限 fatigue limit疲劳强度 fatigue strength偏置式 offset偏 ( 心 ) 距 offset distance偏心率 eccentricity ratio偏心质量 eccentric mass偏距圆 offset circle偏心盘 eccentric切齿深度 depth of cut曲齿锥齿轮 spiral bevel gear曲率 curvature曲率半径 radius of curvature曲面从动件 curved-shoe follower曲线运动 curvilinear motion全齿高 whole depth权重集 weight sets球面副 spheric pair球面渐开线 spherical involute球面运动 spherical motion人字齿轮 herringbone gear润滑装置 lubrication device润滑 lubrication三角形花键 serration spline三角形螺纹 V thread screw少齿差行星传动 planetary drive with small teeth difference升程 rise升距 lift实际廓线 cam profile输出轴 output shaft实际啮合线 actual line of action双曲面齿轮 hyperboloid gear顺时针 clockwise瞬心 instantaneous center死点 dead point太阳轮 sun gear特性 characteristics图册、图谱 atlas 图解法 graphical method退火 anneal陀螺仪 gyroscope外力 external force外形尺寸 boundary dimension网上设计 on-net design, OND微动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism位移 displacement蜗杆 worm蜗杆传动机构 worm gearing蜗杆头数 number of threads蜗杆直径系数 diametral quotient蜗杆蜗轮机构 worm and worm gear蜗杆形凸轮步进机构 worm cam interval mechanism蜗杆旋向 hands of worm蜗轮 worm gear无级变速装置stepless speed changes devices相对速度 relative velocity相对运动 relative motion相对间隙 relative gap象限 quadrant橡皮泥 plasticine小齿轮 pinion小径 minor diameter谐波齿轮 harmonic gear谐波传动 harmonic driving斜齿轮的当量直齿轮equivalent spur gear of the helical gear心轴 spindle行程速度变化系数 coefficient of travel speed variation行程速比系数advance-to return-time ratio行星齿轮装置 planetary transmission行星轮 planet gear行星轮变速装置planetary speed changing devices行星轮系 planetary gear train旋转运动 rotary motion压力角 pressure angle应力图 stress diagram应力—应变图 stress-strain diagram 优化设计 optimal design油杯 oil bottle有效圆周力 effective circle force圆带传动 round belt drive圆弧齿厚 circular thickness圆弧圆柱蜗杆 hollow flank worm圆角半径 fillet radius圆盘摩擦离合器 disc friction clutch圆盘制动器 disc brake原动机 prime mover原始机构 original mechanism圆形齿轮 circular gear圆柱滚子 cylindrical roller圆柱滚子轴承cylindrical roller bearing圆柱副 cylindric pair圆柱蜗杆 cylindrical worm圆锥滚子 tapered roller圆锥滚子轴承 tapered roller bearing圆锥齿轮机构 bevel gears圆锥角 cone angle运动副 kinematic pair运动粘度 kenematic viscosity载荷 load展成法 generating直齿圆柱齿轮 spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear直径系数 diametral quotient直径系列 diameter series直廓环面蜗杆 hindley worm质量 mass中心距 center distance中心距变动 center distance change中径 mean diameter终止啮合点final contact, end of contact周节 pitch轴 shaft轴承盖 bearing cup轴承合金 bearing alloy轴承座 bearing block轴承外径 bearing outside diameter轴颈 journal 轴瓦、轴承衬 bearing bush轴端挡圈 shaft end ring轴环 shaft collar轴肩 shaft shoulder轴角 shaft angle轴向 axial direction轴向齿廓 axial tooth profile转动副 revolute (turning) pair转速 swiveling speed ; rotating speed 转轴 revolving shaft转子 rotor装配条件 assembly condition锥齿轮 bevel gear锥顶 common apex of cone锥距 cone distance锥轮 bevel pulley; bevel wheel锥齿轮的当量直齿轮equivalent spur gear of the bevel gear锥面包络圆柱蜗杆 milled helicoids worm 准双曲面齿轮 hypoid gear自由度 degree of freedom, mobility总重合度 total contact ratio总反力 resultant force总效率combined efficiency; overall efficiency组成原理 theory of constitution组合齿形 composite tooth form组合安装 stack mounting最少齿数 minimum teeth number最小向径 minimum radius作用力 applied force坐标系 coordinate frame电磁阀调压阀solenoid regulator valve液力变矩器旁通阀converter bypass valve速控阀governor valve选档阀selectro valve换档阀shift valve信号阀signal valve继动阀relay valve换档指令发生器shift pattern generator档位指示器shift indicator(shift torwer)先导阀priority valve流量阀flow valve重迭阀overlap valve液力减速器控制阀retarder control valve欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。

英文原文：SHAFT AND GEAR DESIGNAbstract: The important position of the wheel gear and shaft can' t falter in traditional machine and modern machines. The wheel gear and shafts mainly install the direction that delivers the dint at the principal axis box. The passing to process to make them can is divided into many model numbers, useding for many situations respectively. So we must be the multilayers to the understanding of the wheel gear and shaft in many waysKey words : Wheel gear ; ShaftIn the force analysis of spur gears, the forces are assumed to act in a single plane .We shall study gears in which the forces have three dimensions.The reason for this, in the case of helical gears, is that the teeth are not parallel to the axis of rotation. And in the case of bevel gears, the rotational axes are not parallel to each other. There are also other reasons, as we shall learn.Helical gears are used to transmit motion between parallel shafts. The helix angle is the same on each gear, but one gear must have a right-hand helix and the other a left-hand helix. The shape of the tooth is an involute helicoid. If a piece of paper cut in the shape of a parallelogram is wrapped around a cylinder, the angular edge of the paper becomes a helix. If we unwind this paper, each point on the angular edge generates an involute curve. The surface obtained when every point on the edge generates an involute is called an involute helicoid. The initial contact of spur-gear teeth is a line extending all the way across the face of the tooth. The initial contact of helical gear teeth is a point, which changes into a line as the teeth come into more engagement. In spur gears the line of contact is parallel to the axis of the rotation; in helical gears, the line is diagonal across the face of the tooth. It is this gradual of the teeth and the smooth transfer of load from one tooth to another, which give helical gears the ability to transmit heavy loads at high speeds. Helical gears subject the shaft bearings to both radial and thrust loads. When the thrust loads become high or are objectionable for other reasons, it may be desirable to use double helical gears. A double helical gear (herringbone) is equivalent to two helical gears of opposite hand, mounted side byside on the same shaft. They develop opposite thrust reactions and thus cancel out the thrust load. When two or more single helical gears are mounted on the same shaft,the hand of the gears should be selected so as to produce the minimum thrust load Crossed-helical, or spiral, gears are those in which the shaft centerlines are neither parallel nor intersecting. The teeth of crossed-helical fears have point contact with each other, which changes to line contact as the gears wear in. For this reason they will carry out very small loads and are mainly for instrumental applications, and are definitely not recommended for use in the transmission of power There is on difference between a crossed heli cal gear and a helical gear until they are mounted in mesh with each other. They are manufactured in the same way. A pair of meshed crossed helical gears usually have the same hand; that is , a right-hand driver goes with a right-hand driven. In the design of crossed-helical gears, the minimum sliding velocity is obtained when the helix angle are equal. However, when the helix angle are not equal, the gear with the larger helix angle should be used as the driver if both gears have the same handWorm gears are similar to crossed helical gears. The pinion or worm has a small number of teeth, usually one to four, and since they completely wrap around the pitch cylinder they are called threads. Its mating gear is called a worm gear, which is not a true helical gear. A worm and wormgear are used to provide a high angular-velocity reduction between nonintersecting shafts which are usually at right angle. The worm gear is not a helical gear because its face is made concave to fit the curvature of the worm in order to provide line contact instead of point contact. However, a disadvantage of worm gearing is the high sliding velocities across the teeth, the same as with crossed helical gearsWorm gearing are either single or double enveloping. A single-enveloping gearing is one in which the gear wraps around or partially encloses the worm. . A gearing in which each element partially encloses the other is, of course, a double-enveloping worm gearing. The important difference between the two is that area contact exists between the teeth of doubleenveloping gears while only line contact between those of single-enveloping gears. The worm and worm gear of a set have the same hand ofhelix as for crossed helical gears, but the helix angles are usually quite different The helix angle on the worm is generally quite large, and that on the gear very small Because of this, it is usual to specify the lead angle on the worm, which is the complement of the worm helix angle, and the helix angle on the gear; the two angles are equal for a 90-deg. Shaft angleWhen gears are to be used to transmit motion between intersecting shaft, some of bevel gear is required. Although bevel gear are usually made for a shaft angle of 90 deg. They may be produced for almost any shaft angle. The teeth may be cast, milled, or generated. Only the generated teeth may be classed as accurate. In a typical bevel gear mounting, one of the gear is often mounted outboard of the bearing. This means that shaft deflection can be more pronounced and have a greater effect on the contact of teeth. Another difficulty, which occurs in predicting the stress in bevel-gear teeth, is the fact the teeth are tapered.Straight bevel gears are easy to design and simple to manufacture and give very good results in service if they are mounted accurately and positively. As in the case of squr gears, however, they become noisy at higher values of the pitch-line velocity In these cases it is often go od design practice to go to the spiral bevel gear, which is the bevel counterpart of the helical gear. As in the case of helical gears, spiral bevel gears give a much smoother tooth action than straight bevel gears, and hence are useful where high speed are encountered. It is frequently desirable, as in the case of automotive differential applications, to have gearing similar to bevel gears but with the shaft offset. Such gears are called hypoid gears because their pitch surfaces are hyperboloids of revolution The tooth action between such gears is a combination of rolling and sliding alonga straight line and has much in common with that of worm gears A shaft is a rotating or stationary member, usually of circular cross section, having mounted upon it such elementsas gears, pulleys, flywheels, cranks, sprockets, and other power-transmission elements. Shaft may be subjected to bending, tension, compression, or torsional loads, acting singly or in combination with one another. When they are combined, one may expect to find both static and fatigue strength tobe important design considerations, since a single shaft may be subjected to static stresses, completely reversed, and repeated stresses, all acting at the same time The word "shaft" covers numerous variations, such as axles and spindles. Anaxle is a shaft, wither stationary or rotating, nor subjected to torsion load. A shirt rotating shaft is often called a spindle. When either the lateral or the torsional deflection of a shaft must be held to close limits, the shaft must be sized on the basis of deflection before analyzing the stresses. The reason for this is that, if the shaft is made stiff enough so that the deflection is not too large, it is probable that the resulting stresses will be safe. But by no means should the designer assume that they are safe; it is almost always necessary to calculatethem so that he knows they are within acceptable limits Whenever possible, the power-transruission elements, such as gears or pullets, should be located close to the supporting bearings, This reduces the bending moment, and hence the deflection and bending stress.Although the von Mises-Hencky-Goodman method is difficult to use in design of shaft, it probably comes closest to predicting actual failure. Thus it is a good way of checking a shaft that has already been designed or of discovering why a particular shaft has failed in service. Furthermore, there are a considerable number of shaft-design problems in which the dimension are pretty well limited by other considerations, such as rigidity, and it is only necessary for the designer to discover something about the fillet sizes, heat-treatment, and surface finish and whether or not shot peening is necessary in order to achieve the required life and reliability Because of the similarity of their functions, clutches and brakes are treated together. In a simplified dynamic representation of a friction clutch, or brake two in ertias 11 and 12 traveling at the respective angular velocities Wl and W2, one of which may be zero in the case of brake, are to be brought to the same speed by engaging the clutch or brake. Slippage occurs because the two elements are running at different speeds and energy is dissipated during actuation, resulting in a temperature rise. In analyzing the performance of these devices we shall beinterested in the actuating force, the torque transmitted, the energy loss and the temperature rise. The torque transmitted is related to the actuating force, the coefficient of friction, and the geometry of the clutch or brake. This is problem in static, which will have to be studied separately for eath geometric configuration. However, temperature rise is related to energy loss and can be studied without regard to the type of brake or clutch because the geometry of interest is the heat-dissipating surfaces. The various types of clutches and brakes may be classified as fllows1. Rim type with internally expanding shoes2. Rim type with externally contracting shoes3。

齿轮术语中英文对照Toothed gear；；齿轮Gear齿轮副Gear pair Gear pair with平行轴齿轮副parallel axes Gear pair with相交轴齿轮副intersecting axes齿轮系Train of gears Planetary gear行星齿轮系train Gear drive；Gear ；齿轮传动transmission配对齿轮Mating gears相啮齿面Mating flank阿基米德螺旋面Screw helicoid Spherical involute小齿轮Pinion共轭齿面Conjugate flank球面渐开螺旋面helicoid大齿轮主动齿轮Wheel；Gear ；Driving gear可用齿面有效齿面Usable flank Active flank圆环面圆环面的母圈Toroid Generant of the toroit Middle circle of the 从动齿轮Driven gear上齿面Addendum flank圆环面的中性圈toroid Middle-plane of the行星齿轮Planet gear下齿面Dedendum flank圆环面的中间平面toroid行星架太阳轮Planet carrier Sun gear Ring gear；；内齿圈Annulus gear Profile modification；；外齿轮External gear齿廓Tooth profile齿廓修型Profile correction内齿轮中心距Internal gear Centre distance端面齿廓法向齿廓Transverse profile Normal profile修缘修根Tip relief Root relief Axial modification；；轴交角Shaft angle轴向齿廓Axial profile齿向修形Longitudinal correction Back cone tooth连心线Line of centres背锥齿廓profile Speed reducing减速齿轮副gear pair Speed increasing增速齿轮副gear pair齿数比Gear ratio Transmission传动比ratio轴平面Axial plane法向模数Normal module瞬时接触点Point of contact端面模数Transverse module瞬时轴Instantaneous axis模数Module挖根Undercut齿棱Tip；Tooth tip ；鼓形齿Crowned teeth齿线Tooth trace鼓形修整Crowning齿端修薄End relief槽底Bottom land切齿干涉Cutter interference齿根过渡曲面齿顶Fillet Crest；Top land ；圆环面的内圈啮合干涉Inner circle of the toroid Meshing interference 非工作齿面Non-working flank渐开螺旋面Involute helicoid工作齿面Working flank球面渐开线Spherical involute异侧齿面Opposite flank缩短渐开线Curtate involute同侧齿面Corresponding flank延伸渐开线Prolate involute左侧齿面Left flank渐开线Involute to a circle右侧齿面Right flank短幅内摆线Curtate hypocycloid Involute；；齿面Tooth flank长幅内摆线Prolate hypocycloid基准平面Datum plane轴向模数Axial module瞬时接触线Line of contact Transverse path of节平面Pitch plane径节Diametral pitch端面啮合线contact端平面Transverse plane齿数Number of teech Virtual number of啮合曲面Surface of action法平面Normal plane当量齿数teeth Number of starts；；啮合平面Plane of action分度曲面Reference surface头数Number of threads啮合区域Zone of action节曲面Pitch surface螺旋线Helix；Circular helix ；总作用弧Total arc of transmission Transverse arc of齿顶曲面Tip surface圆锥螺旋线Conical spiral端面作用弧transmission Helix angle；；齿根曲面Root surface螺旋角Spiral angle Total angle of基本齿廓基本齿廓Basic tooth profile导程Lead总作用角transmission Transverse angle of基本齿条Basic rack导程角Lead angle端面作用角transmission产形齿条Counterpart rack Generating gear产形齿轮of a gear产形齿面基准线轮齿齿槽Generating flank Datum line Gear teeth；Tooth ；Tooth space长幅外摆线短幅外摆线摆线长幅摆线Prolate epoicycloid Curtate epoicycloid Cycloid Prolate cycloid端面重合度纵向重合度标准齿轮非变位齿轮Transverse ratio Overlap ratio Standard gears X-gero gear Referencr centre右旋齿Right-hand teeth短幅摆线Curtate cycloid标准中心距distance左旋齿Left-hand teeth Gears with addendum变位齿轮modification；；X-gears X-gear pair with高度变位圆柱齿轮reference centre副distance X-gear pair with角度变位圆柱齿轮modified centre副distance X-gear pair without shaft高度变位锥齿轮副angle modification角度变位圆柱齿轮X-gear pair with人字齿轮Double-helical gear齿根圆柱面Root cylinder斜齿条Helical rack齿顶圆柱面Tip cylinder直齿条Spur rack基圆柱面Basic cylinder斜齿轮Single-helical gear Helical gear；；节圆柱面Pitch cylinder直齿轮Spur gear分度圆柱面Reference cylinder内摆线Hypocycloid名义中心距Nominal centre distance外摆线Epicycloid总重合度Total contact ratio阿基米德螺旋线Archimedes spiral纵向作用角Overlap angle纵向作用弧Overlap arc副shaft angle modification Modification Involute cylindrical渐开线齿轮coefficient Addendum gear节点Pitch point变位系数变位量modification Addendum摆线齿轮Cycloidal gear节线Pitch line Circular-arc gear；；径向变位系数modification coefficient Centre distance Double-circular-arc中心距变位系数modification coefficient圆柱齿轮Cylindrical gear假想曲面Imaginary surfance Normal pressure顶圆Tip circle任意点法向压力角angle at a point Transverse pressure根圆Root circle任意点端面压力角angle at a point Working pressure齿距Pitch啮合角angle齿距角Angular pitch Base tangent公法线长度length Reference分度圆直径diameter Tip distance；crown to ；节圆直径Pitch diameter径向侧隙Radial blacklash轮冠距back基圆直径顶圆直径根圆直径齿根圆角半径齿高工作高度齿顶高Base diameter Tip diameter Root diameter Fillet radius Tooth depth Working depth Addendum锥齿轮锥齿轮副准双曲面齿轮副准双曲面齿轮冠轮端面齿轮直齿锥齿轮Bevel gear Bevel gear pair Hypoid gear pair Hypoid gear Crown gear Contrate gear Straight bevel gear Skew bevel gear；；齿根高Dedendum斜齿锥齿轮Helical bevel gear Curved tooth bevel弦齿高Chordal height曲面齿锥齿轮gear Constant chord固定弦齿高height Enicycloid bevel齿宽Facewidth摆线齿锥齿轮gear有效齿宽Effective零度齿锥齿轮Zerot bevel gear任意点螺旋角Spiral angle at a point任意点压力角Pressure angle at a point弧齿锥齿轮Spiral bevel gear齿根角Dedendum angle齿顶角Addendum angel背锥角Back cone angle冠顶距偏置距齿线偏移量分锥角节锥角顶锥角根锥角Apex to crown Offset Offset of tooth trace Reference cone angle Pitch cone angle Tip angle Root angle法向侧隙Normal blacklash安装距Locating distance圆周侧隙blacklash顶隙Bottom clearance Circumferential背锥距Back cone distance中点锥距Mean cone distance内锥距Inner cone distance外锥距Outer cone distance定位面Locating face基圆Basic circle双圆弧齿轮gear节圆Pitch circle圆弧齿轮W-N gear分度圆Reference circle facewidth Transverse tooth端面齿厚thickness Normal tooth法向齿厚thickness Transverse base端面基圆齿厚thickness Spiral bevel gear Normal base法向基圆齿厚thickness profile Transverse端面弦齿厚chordal tooth thickness固定弦齿厚端面齿顶厚Constant chord Crest width Normal crest法向齿顶厚width Transverse端面齿槽宽spacewidth Normal法向齿槽宽spacewidth Tooth thickness齿厚半角half angle Spacewidth half槽宽半角angle Crossing point of压力角Pressure angle轴线交点axes Nominal pressure齿形角angle Arc-contact worm；hollow ；圆弧圆柱蜗杆flank worm；；ZC-worm Enveloping worm with straight line直廓环面蜗杆grneratrix；TA ；worm Planar worm Cylindsical lantern平面蜗杆wheel；P-worm ；wheel Planar double平面包络环面蜗杆enveloping worm；；喉圆Gorge circle 针轮gear ；pin-wheel Cylindsical tan tein喉平面Gorge plane圆柱针轮副pinion and wheel咽喉面Gorge非圆齿轮副非圆齿轮副Non-circular gear pair齿根圆环面Root tosoid椭圆齿轮Elliptical gear公共锥顶Common apex锥面包络圆柱蜗杆ZK-worm法向直廓蜗杆worm；ZN-worm ；Milled helicoid worm；；分锥顶点Reference cone apex渐开线蜗杆ZI-worm Straight sided normal中锥面Middle cone阿基米德蜗杆worm；ZA-worm ；Involute helicoid worm；；Straight sided axial 前锥面Front cone环面蜗杆副Enveloping worm pair背锥面Back cone环面蜗杆Enveloping worm齿根圆锥面Root cone圆柱蜗杆副Cylindrical worm pair节圆锥面齿顶圆锥面Pitch cone Face cone；tip cone ；蜗杆副圆柱蜗杆Worm gear pair Cylindrical worm分度圆锥面Reference cone蜗轮Worm wheel圆柱齿弧锥齿轮with circle arc tooth蜗杆Worm 8 字啮合锥齿轮Octoid gear小端螺旋角Inner spiral angle锥齿轮的当量圆柱齿轮gear of bevel gear Virtual cylindrical大端螺旋角Outer spiral angle圆柱齿轮端面齿轮副Contrate gear pair中点螺旋角Mean spiral angle TP-worm Planar double-enveloping平面二次包络蜗杆worm wheel；；TP-worm wheel Toroid enveloping锥面包络环面蜗杆worm wheel；；TK-worm wheel Toroid enveloping worm hich 渐开线包络环面蜗involute holicoid杆generatrix；；TI-worm Worm wheel锥蜗杆Spiroid蜗轮齿宽facewidth锥蜗轮锥蜗杆副中平面Spiroid gear Spiroid gear pair Mid-plane直径系数咽喉半径齿宽角Diametral quotient Gorge radius Width angle非圆齿轮分度圆环面Non-circular gear Reference tosoid刚性齿轮Circular spline蜗杆齿宽Worm facewidth柔性齿轮Flexspine螺纹Thread波发生器Wave generator分度圆蜗旋线Reference helix谐波齿轮副Harmoric gear drive。