虚拟语气及特殊用法_+习题及详解
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高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句(1)表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.(2)表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.(3)表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如:Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如:If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
虚拟语气用法小结及相关练习(附答案)一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 条件句有两类,条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句,一类是真实条件句,一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句。
一类是虚拟条件句。
一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件何。
在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。
如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。
如拟条件句。
如: : If he had seen you yesterday, yesterday, he he would have asked you about it. it. 如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的。
如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的。
(事实上他昨天没见到你,因此也未能问你这件事。
未能问你这件事。
) )1. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下: 主从句时态虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 主句主句 例句例句 与现在事与现在事 实相反的实相反的 假设假设 If+主语+动词动词 的过去式(be 动词用were) 主语+should, would, could, might+动词原形动词原形 If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you. If I were you, I should seize the chance to go abroad. 与过去事与过去事 实相反的实相反的 假设假设 If+主语+had+ 过去分词过去分词 主语+should, would, could, might + have + 过去分词过去分词 She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn’t been very busy. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed the exam. 与将来事与将来事 实相反的实相反的 假设假设 ①If+主语+ 动词过去式动词过去式②If+主语+ were to+ 动词原形动词原形 ③If+主语+ should+ 动词原形动词原形 主语+should, would, could, might + 动词原形动词原形 If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday. 2. 错综时间条件句:有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致(表示错综时间的虚拟语气)(表示错综时间的虚拟语气),,这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
英语虚拟语气技巧(很有用)及练习题及解析一、初中英语虚拟语气1.If I you, I’d take a small present for her.A.am B.is C.was D.were【答案】D【解析】试题分析:虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
其主要有三种结构:1、与现在事实相反:若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形” 2、与过去事实相反:若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。
3、与将来事实相反:若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。
句意:如果我是你,我会给她带一件小礼物。
结合语境可知本句描述的是与现在相反的事实,故选D。
考点:考查虚拟语气。
2.If I _______ you, I would say another student could do it better.A.was B.were C.were D.are【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:如果我是你,我会说另一个学生可以把它做得更好。
考查虚拟语气。
根据句意可知“现在事实”相反,此句是虚拟语气,be动词使用were;故选A。
3.Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up.A.should have arrived B.should arriveC.should have had arrived D.should be arriving【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:怀特先生本来应该在8:30到会,但他却没有出现。
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句(1)表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.(2)表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.(3)表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如:Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如:If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
英语虚拟语气答题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析一、初中英语虚拟语气1.---If I were you, I ________ study harderA.had B.would C.did D . do【答案】B【解析】试题分析:虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
1、与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”2、与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”3、与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”:句意:如果我是你,我会学习更努力。
结合语境可知本句表示的是对现在的虚拟,故从句中用过去时态,主句中用过去将来时态。
选B。
考点:考查虚拟语气2.If I you, I the army.A.am, would join B.were, would join C.am, will join D.were, will join【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:如果我是你,我会参军.结合语境可知本句是对客观状况的虚拟,故用过去时态,主句用过去将来时态.选B.考点:if引导的条件状语从句点评:虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句(1)表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.(2)表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.(3)表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如:Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如:If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句(1)表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.(2)表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.(3)表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如:Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如:If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
高中语法解析虚拟语气虚拟语气是语法中的一个重要概念,它用于表达与事实相反的假设、愿望、建议、命令等。
在高中英语学习中,学生们需要掌握虚拟语气的用法以及对应的句型结构。
本文将详细解析高中语法中的虚拟语气,并提供一些练习题来帮助学生巩固掌握。
一、虚拟语气的用法1. 表达与事实相反的假设虚拟语气常用于虚构的情况、与事实相反的假设,例如:- If I were rich, I would buy a big house.- If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.在这两个句子中,使用了虚拟语气来表达与现实情况相反的假设,即作者并不是富有的、她也没有努力学习。
2. 表达愿望当我们想表达自己的愿望、期望时,可以使用虚拟语气,例如:- I wish I could travel around the world.- I wish it would stop raining.这两个句子中,使用了虚拟语气来表达作者的愿望,他们希望能够环游世界、希望雨停。
3. 表达建议在给予他人建议时,也可以使用虚拟语气,例如:- I suggest that he go to the doctor.- It is recommended that she take a break.这两个句子中,使用了虚拟语气来表达建议,作者建议他去看医生、建议她休息一下。
4. 表达命令或要求虚拟语气还可以用于表达命令、要求等,例如:- The teacher insisted that the students be on time.- The boss demanded that the work be completed by Friday.这两个句子中,使用了虚拟语气来表达命令、要求,老师坚持要求学生准时、老板要求工作在周五之前完成。
二、虚拟语气的句型结构1. 谓语动词在虚拟语气中的形式变化在虚拟语气的句子中,谓语动词的形式会发生变化。
虚拟语气解析及练习与答案详解虚拟语气一、虚拟语气的运用练习题及答案解释The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand,______all practical value by the time they were finished.A.could loseB. would have lostC. might loseD. ought to have lost解析:这个句子中含有一个省略if,把助动词提前到主语they之前的虚拟条件句,该条件句表示对过去情况的假设,而主句中by the time they were finished表明主句也应该是对过去发生的情况的假设,因而应该选(B)would have lost为正确答案。
2. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now.A. must have beenB. would have beenC. wereD. would be解析:这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。
条件句省略了if,把助词had提前到主语前面,表示对过去情况的假设,而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设,所以应选would(should, could, might)+动词原形这种表达形式。
四个选项中只有(D)是正确表达形式,故为正确答案。
3. If you Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.A. shouldn’t contactB. didn’t contactC. weren’t to contactD. hadn’t contacted解析:until recently,因此(D)是正确答案,而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设,该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。
【英语】英语虚拟语气技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析一、初中英语虚拟语气1.—Peter is going to Larry’s party. But he doesn’t know what to wear.—If I _______ him, I _______ wear a hat. It makes him cool.A.am, will B.were, will C.were, would D.was, would【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:--彼得打算参加劳拉的派对,但是他不知道穿什么。
-- 如果我是他,我就戴一顶帽子。
那会使他很酷。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
其主要有三种结构:1、与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”2、与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”3、与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。
根据句意可知是于现在的情况相反,故选C考点:考查虚拟语气的用法。
2.--------- Come and join us, Jim!---------- I’m sorry I can’t . If I _______ time, I would certainly go.A.will have B.have had C.had D.had had【答案】C【解析】试题分析:虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
虚拟语气语气(mood)是一种动词形式,用以表示说话者的意图或态度。
英语中的语气有三种:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。
祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。
虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。
一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类:条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。
真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。
如:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨,我就去野餐。
Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里,油就浮起来。
虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。
条件从句主句与现在事实相反If 主语+动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should (would, might,could)+动词原形与过去事实相反If 主语+had+过去分词should (would, might,could)+have +过去分词与将来事实可能相反If 主语+动词过去式(be的过去式用were);should+动词原形;were to+动词原形should (would, might,could)+动词原形1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should (would, might,could)+动词原形。
如:If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了。
(事实是:天在下雨,我们不能出去野餐。
表示愿望。
)If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这,他就能够帮助你了。
(事实是:他没来这,他不可能帮助你。
表示对他的良好印象。
)2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词,主句的谓语用should (would, might,could)+ have +过去分词。
如:She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.要是当初她被邀请的话,她就会去参加这次聚会了。
(事实是:当时没有人邀请她,因此,她没有来参加聚会。
表示后悔。
)If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning.今天早上,她要是不叫我的话,我就会睡过头了。
(事实是:她今天早上叫我了,我没有睡过头。
表示感激。
)3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were);should+动词原形;were to+动词原形,主句用should (would, might,could)+动词原形。
如:If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.明年我要是二十岁,我就会学法语。
(事实是:我现在已经老了,明年我学不了法语了。
)If it should fail, I would try again.要是失败了,我会再试一次。
(事实是:有可能失败,可我会再试。
表示未知。
)虚拟过去式有时并不表示―不大可能实现的假设‖,而是表示一种希望或不希望发生的动作。
如:If we caught the early train, we’d get there by lunch time.假如我们赶上早班火车,到午饭时间我们就会到达那里了。
(表希望)If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at the station.假如我们赶不上这班火车,我们就得在车站等一小时。
(表不希望)4. 混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。
主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应,这种条件句叫混合条件句。
较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时(指过去行为),而主句用一般时(指目前状态)。
He would pass the test if he had taken my advice.如果他听了我的劝告,他现在会通过考试。
If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.假如昨天我对他说了,现在我就知道该怎么办了。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假如你接受了我的意见,你现在就会好得多。
如条件从句用if I were...,主句则可用表任何时间的虚拟形式。
如:If I were not busy, I would have come.假如我不忙,我就会去了。
(were表过去)If I were you, I would go.假如我是你,我会去的。
(were表现在)二. 连词if的省略如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were,had和should时,可省略if,把were,had和should 放到从句主语前面去,多见于书面语。
Had you not helped me,I should have failed.要是没有你的帮助,我就失败了。
Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你处在我的地位,你也会这样干的。
Should they attack us, we’ll wipe them out completely.假如他们进攻我们,我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。
三. 含蓄条件句虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。
含蓄条件句大体有三种情况。
1) 条件暗含在短语中。
如:But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment.如果没有你的帮助,我们的实验是不会成功的。
(暗含在分词短词but for your help)What would I have done without you? 如没有你,我会怎么办呢?(条件暗含在介词短语without you 中)It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较容易。
(条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way中)He must have the strength of a hippo, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马,否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。
(暗含条件是连词or) Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人,他是会感到害怕的。
(暗含条件是alone)2) 条件暗含在上下文中。
如:You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。
(可能暗含if you wanted to) We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。
(可能暗含if we had kept trying)Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。
(可能暗含if you should accept it)3) 在不少情况下,虚拟式已变成习惯说法,很难找出其暗含的条件。
如:You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。
I would like to come. 我愿意来。
四. 不用if引导的条件从句虚拟条件句中的条件从句除用if引外,还可用when, unless, lest, suppose, as if, for fear, in case, on condition 等词语来引导。
如:The peasants prepared to feed the city when it should be freed.农民已准备在这座城市解放后供给粮食。
Lest you should not have heard all, I shall begin at the beginning.我怕你没有听全,所以我再从头开始讲一遍。
Unless I were well, I wouldn’t be at school. 除非我好了,否则我不会上学。
Suppose you were given a chance to study in America , would you accept?假如给你一个到美国学习的机会,你会接受吗?(suppose 或supposing =what if)Supposing it were so?(=Supposing it were so,what would happen?)要是这样的话,会怎么样呢?He can use the bicycle on condition that he should return it tomorrow.如果明天能还回来,他就可以借用这辆自行车。
In case I forget , please remind me of my promise 如果我忘了,请提醒我的诺言。
Susan is walking slowly ,as if she were tired. 苏珊走得很慢,就像是累了似的。
与if一样,上述词语所引导的条件从句亦可用直陈语气,表可能实现或发生的事。
虚拟语气补充讲解虚拟语气除主要用于条件句(也就是状语从句)外,还可用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句等。
1. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用―常用在It is (was)+形容词/ 过去分词+that引导的主语从句‖的句型中的主语从句要用虚拟语气。
主语从句的谓语用should+动词原形(或should+have+过去分词)或只用动词原形(尤其是美国英语)。
should在此是助动词,本身并无实义,这种主语从句中的should有时有感情色彩。