The politics of social security in Singapore

高三英语政治制度单选题30题1.In a democratic country, the power of the government is derived from the people. This statement reflects the characteristic of_____.A.autocratic systemB.democratic systemC.monarchical systemD.socialist system答案：B。

本题主要考查不同政治制度的名词含义。

“autocratic system”是专制制度；“democratic system”是民主制度，题干中提到政府权力来自人民，符合民主制度的特征；“monarchical system”是君主制度；“socialist system”是社会主义制度。

2.The United Kingdom is a country with a_____.A.monarchyB.republicC.socialismD.dictatorship答案：A。

“monarchy”是君主制，英国是君主立宪制国家；“republic”是共和制；“socialism”是社会主义；“dictatorship”是独裁统治。

3.The United States is a country with a_____.A.socialist systemB.monarchical systemC.republican systemD.autocratic system答案：C。

“socialist system”是社会主义制度；“monarchical system”是君主制度；“republican system”是共和制，美国是联邦共和制国家；“autocratic system”是专制制度。

4.A country where the people are the masters of the country is a_____.A.socialist countryB.democratic countryC.monarchical countryD.autocratic country答案：B。

架构提供了实践方案和理念指引，不仅有助于确立构建周边安全新架构的实践方向，而且给构建安全新架构的实践路径选择带来思想启发。

作为地区大国，中国在构建地区安全新架构过程中需要继续发挥新安全理念践行者、安全合作推动者、安全产品供给者和安全热点斡旋者的作用。

〔关 键 词〕全球安全倡议、新安全观、安全架构、周边安全治理〔作者简介〕韩爱勇，中央党校（国家行政学院）国际战略研究院副研究员〔中图分类号〕D820〔文献标识码〕A〔文章编号〕0452 8832（2022）4中国周边地区合作存在一个反差，一方面经济合作架构众多，另一方面却缺少一个符合地区实际、满足各方需要的安全架构。

[1]周边地区持续多年的经济和防务开支双增长，[2]就是生动写照。

近年来，频发的热点问题尤其*　感谢《国际问题研究》编辑部和评审专家提出的宝贵意见，文中纰漏由作者负责。

[1]相关表述参见《李克强在第八届东亚峰会上的讲话（全文）》，新华网，2013年10月11日，//politics/2013-10/11/c_125510930.htm。

[2]　Nick Bisley, “China’s Rise and the Making of East Asia’s Security Architecture,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol.21, No.73, 2012, p.20.是日趋激烈的大国地缘竞争，使得地区安全赤字日趋加剧，不断反噬地区合作和地区发展，构建地区安全新架构、实现地区安全之治已迫在眉睫。

[1]时至今日，周边地区一直未能构建起完整的地区安全架构，一个很重要的原因是缺乏规范国家安全互动和协调地区安全机制的指导性框架与行动方案。

习近平主席在博鳌亚洲论坛2022年年会开幕式上首次提出以“六个坚持”为核心要义的全球安全倡议，[2]系统回答了“世界需要什么样的安全理念、各国怎样实现共同安全”的时代课题，[3]为饱受安全问题困扰的周边地区构建安全新架构提供了全新实践方案。

In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?A.Elementary school, grammar school.B.Elementary school, junior high school.C.Elementary school, secondary school.D.Junior high school, senior high school.答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.02．第2题Who was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts made to introduce a UN peacekeeping force into the Suez Canal region during the Crisis of 1956?A.Brian MulroneyB.Pierre TrudeauC.John HolmsD.Lester Pearson答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.03．第3题According to the author, Canada entered into its golden age of international diplomacy in the 1950s, the period of which was capped by ____.A.Canada’s role in the Suez Crisis of 1956B.Canada’s role in the Worl d Trade OrganizationC.Canada’s role in the NATOD.Canada’s role in World Health Organization答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.04．第4题The Progressive Conservative Party was completely wiped out in the 1933 federal election because__.A.they offended the French-speaking people in CanadaB.they governed the entire country for too many yearsC.they had bad management of the economyD.they were unable to represent the country as a whole答案:C标准答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.05．第5题Which of the following provinces is the manufacturing heartland of Canada?A.Alberta.B.OntarioC.British ColumbiaD. Quebec答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.06．第6题Which of the following would the Canadian policy-makers thought that would fit easily into Canada?A.BritonsB.JapaneserainiansD.Mexicans答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.07．第7题Which of the following authors did NOT belong to the period of nation-building?A.Susanna Moodie.B.William Kirby.C.Robert Service.D.Duncan Campbell Scott.答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.08．第8题Which of the following industries account for more than half of the GDP in Canada?A.primary industriesB.secondary industriesC.tertiary industriesD.none of them答案:C您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.09．第9题The three influential Canadian Prime Ministers have a lot of things in common. Which of the following is the exception?A.They came from Quebec and could speak French as fluently as English.B.They were educated as lawyers.C.They shared the vision of a strong, united Canada and worked hard to overcome thD. They belong to the same political party.答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.010．第10题Around the beginning of 20th century, Chinese laborers came to Canada to .A.work as farmers and minersB.build the railroadC.do fur tradeD.open shops答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.011．第11题What idea is most powerfully presented in Margaret Laurence’s work, making her highly representative of contemporary Canada?A.self-analysisB.women’s positionC.cultural differenceD.political environment答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.012．第12题After two years of independence war between 1919—21, ____was signed.A.the Anglo-Irish TreatyB.the Home Rule billC.the Act of UnionD.the Treaty of Independence答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.013．第13题According to the Dreaming, _____.A.people should exploit the land as much as they canB.the land belongs to people who cultivate itC.the land is the creator of peopleD.people are part of the land答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.014．第16题Which of the following parties in Scotland still wants an independent Scotland?A. the Labor PartyB.the Liberal PartyC.the Scottish National PartyD.the Conservative Party答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.015．第17题In Australia, the federal government and the state governments are formed byA.the party chosen by the Governor-GeneralB.the party that has the most votesC.the party that has the majority of the House of RepresentativesD.the party that has the majority of the Senate答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.016．第18题Three of the following factors have contributed to a certain degree of Britain’s special relationship with the United States. Which is the exception?A.Britain And the United States share the general ideas in many respects.B.They have common interests in every respect.C.They Agree generally on how the world economy should be managed.D.They have special links in culture.答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.017．第19题Why did the British government decide to replace the Power-Sharing policy with “direct-rule” from London?A.The Power-Sharing policy was notAccepted by the majority of Protestants.B.The Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the province effectively.C.The Power-Sharing policy couldn’t be carried out.D.All the Above.答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.018．第20题Pierre Trudeau was regarded as an important Prime Minister in Canada because of the following reasons exceptA.He took the steps necessary to make Canada completely independent of Britain.B.He signed a free trade agreement with the United States.C.He introduced some important programs to promote the use of French throughout CaD.He worked very hard to bring French and English Canada closer together.答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.019．第22题_________is the oldest newspaper in Australia.A.The Sydney Morning HeraldB.The AustralianC.The MercuryD.The Australian Financial Review答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.020．第23题The Australian national day is set on January 26 to commemorateA.the founding of the Commonwealth of Australia.B.the discovery of the great southern ‘unknown land’.C.the first European settlement of the continent.D.Captain James Cook’s first v oyage around Australia.答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.021．第24题What is the economic mainstay of British Columbia?A.the forestry industryB.the hydroelectric industryC.mining industryD.manufacturing industry答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.022．第25题Which of the following is NOT a part of the Australian social security programs?A.Tertiary education assistanceB.Age pensionsC.Pensions for war and defense widowsD.The child disability allowance答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.023．第26题Which of the following is NOT a native Australian animal?A.SheepB.WombatC.KoalaD.Kangaroo答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.024．第27题Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except ____.A.investmentB.student tuitionC.endowmentsernment funding答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.025．第28题Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to New Zealand’s environmental achievement?A.Favorable geographic features.B.Low population.C.A late development of industry.D.The ozone hole over Antarctica.答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.026．第29题At present, which of the following areas has the largest farms in Canada?A.the western provinces.B.the eastern provinces.C.British Columbia.D.the prairie provinces.答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.027．第30题Judges are appointed by ____ on the advice of ____.A.the Senate, the GovernmentB.the Parliament, the Prime MinisterC.the Prime Minister, the ParliamentD.the President, the Government答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.028．第31题The Celts stressed on the importance of ___.A.fine, or the family unitB.menC.womenD.individuals答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.029．第32题What was the “Third Option” of the Trudeau government in Canada?ing a floating exchange rate.B.imposing export tax on shipments to the US.C.developing freer trade with the US.D.developing stronger trading relations with Japan and Europe.答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.030．第33题In 1816 the Irish V olunteers and the Irish Citizen Army staged a rebellion against British rule, recorded in history as ____.A.the Easter Rising of 1916B.the Home Rule CampaignC.the Fenian movementD.the national agrarian movement答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.031．第34题The word “Ireland” is used ambiguously to mean ___.A.Republic of IrelandB.Northern IrelandC.both the Republic and Northern IrelandD.the 26 counties which gained independence答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.0The daily business of the government is executed by the ___.A.cabinetB.parliamentC.senateD.prime minister答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.033．第37题Which of the following writers was NOT associated with Modernism?A.D. H. LawrenceB.E. M. ForsterC.Charles DickensD.Virginia Woolf答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.034．第38题Convict transportation to the mainland of Australia ended inA.1840B.1855C.1851D.1901答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.035．第39题When did the British take over the continent of Australia and declare it “terra Nullius”?A.Early 15th centuryte 18th centuryC.17th centuryD.16th century答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.0How much does an Irish worker know about the personal life of his or her fellow workers?A. A great dealB.SomethingC.A littleD.Little答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.037．第41题Diplomatic relations between Australia and China was established in__.A.the 1950sB.the 1960sC.the 1970sD.the 1980s答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.038．第45题Which of the following organizations was started to provide medical help to people in remote and isolated places?A.The Red Cross SocietyB.The Royal Flying Doctor ServiceC.MedicareD.The National HealthAnd Medical Research Council答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.039．第46题_____ was mainly interested in writing about American living in Europe.A.Henry JamesB.Mark TwainC.William Dean HowellsD.Stephen Crane答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.040．第48题Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the hereditary aristocracy in the UK?A.The noble titles can be inherited by the children.B.They usually own historic houses in the country.C.They Are the richest group of people in the UK.D.The senior members can be lords in the House of Lords.答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.041．第49题Three of the following are characteristics of London. Which of the four is the exception?A.London is A political, economic And cultural centre of the country.B.London has A larger population than All other cities in England.C.London is not only the largest city in Britain, but Also the largest in the worlD.London has played A significant role in the economic construction of the country答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.042．第50题Which of the following statements about the UK economy is NOT true?A.Britain remains one of the Group of Seven large industrial economies.B. Britain has experienced A relative economic decline since 1945.C.There has been A period of steady decreasing of living standards.D.Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capita.答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.043．第51题Which of the following phrases cannot be used to describe the continent of Australia?A.the smallest continentB.the largest islandC.the highest continentD.the driest continent答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：1.044．第52题Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world forA.its most famous landmark, the “Giant’s Causeway”.B.its rich cultural life.C.its low living standards.D.its endless political problems.答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.045．第54题Which of the following newspapers is printed internationally?A.The tabloidsB.The News of the WorldC.The financial TimesD.The Observer答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.046．第55题The largest state in Australia in terms of population isA.Queensland.B.New South Wales.C.Western Australia.D.Victoria.答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.047．第56题Which of the following is NOT correct?A.The Senate is controlled by the House of Commons.B.The Senate is not elected.C.The Senate is recommended by the Prime Minister.D.The Senate is appointed by the Governor General.答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.048．第57题Which of the following novels was made into an extremely successful film in 1997?A.Lost in the BarrensB.The Two SolitudesC.The Handmaid’s TaleD.The English Patient答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.049．第58题Who is the most influential person in the Canadian government?A.the QueenB.a Cabinet MinisterC.the Prime MinisterD.the Governor General答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.050．第61题In 1787, Britain decided to colonize Australia becauseA.C aptain Cook’s Account of his discovery was not interesting.B.Britain wanted to control the gold mines in Australia.C.Australia was An Attractive place to English people.D.Britain needed new places to transport criminals.答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.051．第63题Which of the following commemorates the Battle of Boyne?A.the Bonfire Night celebration in LewsB.Trooping the Color in LondonC.the Eisteddfod in WalesD.the Orange March in Northern Ireland答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：1.052．第64题The Commonwealth of Australia, a federation of the six former colonies as states, came into being onA.Jan. 18, 1788B.Jan. 26, 1788C.Jan. 1, 1901D.April 25, 1914答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.053．第65题Which of the following writers established the early traditions of Australian writing?A.Henry LawsonB.Henry KendallC.Joseph FurphyD.Patrick White答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.054．第66题Which of the following organizations Australia is NOT a member of?A.The European CommunityB.The United NationsC.The General Agreements on Tariffs And TradeD.The Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations trade Agreement答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.055．第67题In the United States, people go to church mainly for the following reasons except ___.A.for finding a job in societyB.for having a place in a communityC.for identifying themselves with dominant valueD.for getting together with friends答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：此题得分：0.056．第68题According to the author, the Articles of Confederation failed because of the following reasons. Which is not true?A.The new states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other.B.Some new states wanted to be free from the Union.C.The Congress could not raise money to pay the national army and to pay debts oweD.The Congress had no power to tax any citizen.答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.057．第69题New Zealanders have adopted their name from the kiwi, _________ .A.which is A native flightless birdB.which was the only mammal in New ZealandC.which was introduced to New Zealand About 1,000 years AgoD.which is An introduced flightless bird答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.058．第70题The European settlement _______ Aboriginal culture and society.A.devastatedB.promoted the development ofC.had no effect onD.brought prosperity to答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.059．第71题How long is the office term of the President of Ireland?A.4 yearsB.5 yearsC.6 yearsD.7 years答案:D标准答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.060．第72题In communication, the Irish value ___ most.A.writingB.gestureC.eye contactD.talking答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.061．第73题In which of the following areas Australia and America have disagreements?A.Trade policiesB.American military presence in the Asian and Pacific regionC.Establishing diplomatic relations with P. R. ChinaD.Australia’s membership in the UN Security Council答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.062．第74题What is the approximate number of people employed in Ireland’s civil service?A.30, 000B.13, 000C.3, 000D.6, 000答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.063．第75题The two main land masses in New Zealand areA.the White Island And the thermal regionB.the North Island And the South IslandC.the Southern Alps And the North IslandD.Auckland And the South Island答案:B标准答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.064．第76题The Special Broadcasting Service is a _____________.A.non-commercial, multilingual radio and multicultural television servicemercial, multilingual radio and multicultural television servicemercial, national serviceD.non-commercial, multilingual radio service答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.065．第77题Which of the following is NOT true about the electoral campaigns?A.Big parties can buy time to broadcast their policies on the television.B.There is A limit on theAmount of money candidates can spend in their constituencC.Candidates And their supporters go door-to-door persuading voters to vote for thD.Candidates criticize ea ch other’s policies to show how good their own policiesAr答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.066．第78题Which of the following is NOT characteristic of British government?A.It offers the Queen high political statusAnd supreme power.B.It is both A parliamentary democracy And constitutional monarchy.C.It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D.It has no written form of Constitution.答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.067．第79题The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly from ___A.George Washington.B.Thomas Jefferson.C.John Adams.D.John Locke.答案:D标准答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.068．第80题The Maori word “Marae” means _________.A.Maori cultureB.non-Maori or EuropeanC.protocolD.meeting house答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.069．第81题Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe?A.The growth of capitalism.B.The Renaissance.C.The Religious Reformation.D.The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.070．第82题Which of the following is true?A.The Queen is the official head of state.B.She is a member of the Cabinet.C.She is a symbol of parliamentary democracy.D.She is a symbol of Canada.答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.071．第83题Among the following, which is not a popular game in Ireland?A.SoccerB.RugbyC.GolfD.Basketball答案:D您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.072．第84题Which of the following provinces is the home of most French-speaking people in Canada?A.Manitoba.B.Ontario.C.Saskatchewan.D.Quebec.答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.073．第85题80% of Australian’s population lives ______.A.in the north, east and southwest of the countryB.in the eastern, central and western areas of the countryC.in the eastern, southern and southwestern borders of the countryD.in the northern, eastern and western hills of the country答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.074．第86题Which of the following is a quality paper?A.The News of the WorldB.The GuardianC.The TabloidsD.All of the Above答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.075．第87题Which of the following about the House of Lords is NOT true?A.Lords do not receive salariesAnd many do notAttend Parliament sittings.B.It consists of the Lords SpiritualAnd the Lords Temporal.C.The LordsAre expected to represent the interests of the public.D.Most of the Lords in the House of Lords Are males.答案:C您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.076．第42题If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination called General Certificate of Education –Advanced.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.077．第43题There is no public housing system in the UK.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.078．第44题The Times is the world’s oldest national newspaper.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.079．第89题Britain had a big influence on the postwar international order because it got support from its former colonies.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.080．第90题The State of California is on the Gulf of Mexico.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.081．第91题By containment, the U. S would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breaking out of its sphere of influence.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.082．第92题The rise of the unemployment rate in Australia in 1970s was caused by fierce competition between Australian manufacturers.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.083．第93题Lester Pearson’s administration in Canada worked especially hard for the international recognition of the People’s Republic of China.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.084．第94题The Middle East was a source of migrants for the post-World War II assisted migration to Australia.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.085．第95题The Commonwealth Native Title Act was in favor of the indigenous people’s claim because it was established that pastoral leases did not automatically give exclusive possession to the pastoralists. 答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.086．第96题The legislative is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.087．第97题Fundamentalists played an important role in forming Australian unionism答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.088．第98题According to the author, a defining mark of the early New Orleans jazz was a group of musicians improvised their notes without the constraints of an agreed upon melody.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.089．第99题Technical institutions are not mentioned in American higher education.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.090．第100题The preferred migrant groups for the post-World War II immigration program were the British, northern, southern and central European.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.091．第101题The first group of Jewish people came to Australia in 1788.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.092．第102题Liberal Protestants and Jews join non-believers in maintaining that abortion is a basic right for women.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.593．第103题Mark Twain’s works are characterized by egotism.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.094．第104题The focus of the Elite Theory is on how the general public obtain information.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.095．第105题The U S president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.096．第106题After the Second World War, the United States became a stronger country, proved by the fact that the US suffered no losses in the war.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.097．第107题Salvation through the church was one of the characteristics of Protestantism.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.098．第108题Separation of state and church is one of the American values that came from Puritanism.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.599．第109题Francis Greenaway was responsible for some fine buildings in Sydney.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.0100．第110题The United States was rated No. 1 in terms of production capacity in the world in 1920.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.0101．第111题One of the historic reasons that leads Canada to empathizing with the problems the Third World countries face on their way to independence is its imperialist past.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.0102．第112题Neutralization of the bureaucracy in Australia describes the changes in ministerial bureaucratic relationships after 1980s.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.0103．第113题Drama flourished the Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.0104．第114题A piano is NOT included in the “front line” of the jazz ensemble.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5105．第115题The Australian government adopted a more interventionis role in the economic development of the country before the 1980s and after that period.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.0106．第14题Wordsworth belonged to __________.答案:Romanticism标准答案：Romanticism您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.0107．第15题______ was twice the site of Winter Olympics.答案:Lake Placid标准答案：Lake Placid您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.0108．第21题The complex drumming in the rhythm section of early jazz music was brought over to America by ___from West Africa.答案:Black slaves标准答案：Black slaves您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.0109．第36题V oice and music were first transmitted over the at Christmas Eve 1905. 答案:radio标准答案：radio您的答案：此题得分：0.0110．第47题Hamlet is a ___________written by Shakespeare.答案:tragedy标准答案：tragedy您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.0111．第53题Walter Scott was the most famous ________ novelist.答案:Scottish标准答案：Scottish您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.0112．第59题The __________party is known as a party of high taxation levels.答案:Conservative标准答案：Conservative您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.0113．第60题In playing basketball, misbehavior or unsportsmanlike actions may result in ____.答案:technical foul标准答案：technical foul您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.0114．第62题Segregation laws continued to be enforced in states until the 1950s.答案:Southern标准答案：Southern您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.0115．第88题The way people speak _________ themselves to particular class. 答案:identifies标准答案：identifies您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.0作业总得分：0.0作业总批注：。

Chapter 1Introduction Multiple-Choice1. Public financeA) is not like public economics.B) develops principles for understanding the economic role of government.C) only works for local and state governments.D) is all of the above.Ans: b2. A regulatory budget wouldA) provide an accounting of government regulation.B) be difficult to compute.C) have to be attempted unofficially.D) be all of the above.Ans: d3. The federal governmentA) is the largest taxing entity in the country.B) is only concerned with international issues.C) spends heavily on net interest.D) is all of the above.Ans: a4. State and local governments receive the largest amount of revenue fromA) personal income taxes.B) property taxes.C) sales taxes.D) loans from other states.E) payroll taxes.Ans: c5. The federal government gets most of its revenue fromA) personal income taxes.B) property taxes.C) sales taxes.D) loans from states.E) payroll taxes.Ans: a 6. In a pure market economy,A) there is no role for government.B) government intervention might be needed.C) large markets where people meet to buy and sell are required.D) all of the above.Ans: b7. A government good or service includesA) bridges.B) parks.C) national defense.D) all of the above.Ans: d8. Government output is hard to account for because governmentA) is so large.B) provides goods that have no resale value.C) keeps secrets about what it produces.D) goods are generally not sold or produced in easily measurable units.Ans: d9. Economists who study the role of government in the marketA) agree mostly on the role that the government should play.B) study for market problems that the government might help solve.C) find that supply and demand graphs never work for the government.D) do none of the above.Ans: b10. EconomicsA) is all about making money.B) has nothing to do with money.C) is the study of unlimited wants but limited resources.D) has no “real world” relevance. Ans: c11. TaxesA) are mandatory payments.B) are necessary for financing government expenditures.C) do not directly relate to the benefit of government goods and services received.D) are all of the above.Ans: d12. For the government to provide goods and services, citizensA) have to come to an agreement about how much is needed.B) have to agree on a method of financing.C) need to be informed about the opportunity costs.D) must do all of the above.Ans: d13. Education isA) generally financed at the state and local level.B) too expensive for the federal government.C) generally financed at the federal level.D) financed on a voluntary basis.Ans: a14. PoliticsA) play no role in public finance.B) influence government decisions.C) have to be factored into economic decision making.D) do all of the above.Ans: d15. IndividualsA) are too small to matter in macroeconomic decision making.B) need to participate in a democracy.C) make up the government.D) a and b.E) b and c.Ans: e16. The unified budget isA) a budget that includes all nationsB) a document which itemizes all the federal government’s expenditures and revenues.C) a document that accounts for all spending by states.D) none of the above.Ans: b17. In 2007, the federal budget was almostA) 1 million pages longB) 17 pages longC) 1,300 pages longD) 500 pages long.Ans: c18. Social insurance has become an increasingly large portion of federal taxes because of the “Baby Boomer” generation.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: a19. A very small portion of government expenditures is financed by taxes.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: b20. In 2002, national defense was just as large a general expenditure as Social Security.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: b21. The Constitution of the United States says nothing about state economic activity.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: b22. The taxes paid by citizens are directly related to the benefit of government goods and services received.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: c23. Interest on the national debt, as a percentage of federal expenditures, has increased significantly since 1965.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: b24. Local governments rely heavily on property taxes.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: a25. Government is designed to handle problems not addressed by the private sector.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: c26. Expenditures, as a percentage of GDP for the United States, are not very different than those of other industrialized nations.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: a27. Payroll taxes are a major financing tool at the federal level.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: a28. State, local, and federal expenditures amounted to 97% of GDP in 2005.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: b29. Personal income and Social Security payroll taxes are currently the largest sources of government revenue.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: aEssay30. Write an essay discussing some of the reasons that federal expenditures for Social Security have increased since 1965.Ans: Federal expenditures for Social Security have increased since 1965 for several reasons, including increases in the number of persons entitled to benefits and the introduction of Medicare and other programs.31. Do you think it is correct policy that the federal government is not required to finance all of its expenditures with tax revenues and is allowed to borrow? What are the implications of this policy?Ans: Answers will vary, but financing out of current spending ensures that there are no deficits at the end of the fiscal year. However, in times of crisis, such as war, this type of financing would limit the government’s ability to accomplish its stated goals.32. Why do/should we care that federal expenditures are becoming an increasingly larger portion of GDP?Ans: We should care that federal expenditures are becoming an increasingly larger portion of GDP because of public sector crowding out.33. Discuss your views on government intervention regarding obesity.Ans: As with many social issues, obesity will not only impact the health of the population but the ability of people to work and be productive members of society. Some will argue that this is a private issue and the government has no role in regulating how much food or the types of food that individuals consume.Chapter 2Tools of Positive Analysis Multiple-Choice1. Positive economicsA) does not depend on market interactions.B) only looks at the best parts of the economy.C) examines how the economy actually works (as opposed to how it should work).D) is very subjective.Ans: c2. The Law of Demand statesA) that there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded.B) that the judicial branch of government sets demand schedules.C) that laws can have no effect on market economies.D) none of the above.Ans: a3. The function Y = f(X,Z) meansA) X multiplied by Y equals f.B) X + Y = Z.C) Y is a function of both X and Z.D) none of the above.Ans: c4. If there is a function and one component is Y3, then there is a ____ in the function.A) square rootB) cubicC) cosineD) circleE) all of the aboveAns: b5. Refer to Question 4 above. The equation containing Y3 would beA) linear.B) quadratic.C) a Nash equilibrium.D) inefficient.E) nonlinear.Ans: e6. Marginal and average taxes areA) calculated using the same methodology.B) not used in modern tax analysis.C) not calculated using the same methodology.D) all of the above.Ans: d7. The slope of a regression line is calculated by dividingA) the intercept by the change in horizontal distance.B) the change in horizontal distance by the change in vertical distance.C) the change in horizontal distance by the intercept term.D) the change in vertical distance by the change in horizontal distance.E) none of the above. Ans: d8. Unobserved influences on a regression are captured in theA) error term.B) parameters.C) regression line.D) significance term.E) regression coefficient.Ans: a9. The following can be analyzed using econometrics:A) labor supply.B) market demand.C) tax_setting behavior.D) poverty.E) all of the above.Ans: e10. Normative economicsA) does not depend on market interactions.B) only looks at the best parts of the economy.C) examines how the economy actually works (as opposed to how it should work).D) embodies value judgments.Ans: d11. The Latin phrase ceteris paribus meansA) let the buyer beware.B) other things being the same.C) swim at your own risk.D) whatever will be will be.Ans: b12. The substitution effectA) is when individuals consume more of one good and less of another.B) is associated with changes in relative prices.C) will have no effect if goods are unrelated.D) is all of the above.Ans: d13. Self_selection bias affects empirical estimation byA) leading to samples that are not representative of the entire population.B) making estimators improved.C) increasing the accuracy of test results.D) doing none of the above.Ans: a14. When different bundles of commodities give the same level of satisfaction, you areA) said to be indifferent between the bundles.B) said to be confused.C) not able to make a decision.D) unhappy with any combination.E) none of the above.Ans: a15. The marginal rate of substitution isA) the slope of the utility curve.B) the slope of the contract curve.C) the slope of the utility possibilities curve.D) none of the above.Ans: a16. Data that is considered observational can beA) cross-sectionalB) time seriesC) panelD) all of the aboveAns: d17. A counterfactual isA) what happens when there are no facts.B) what would have happened if the treatment group had not received the treatment.c) a legal term describing the process of proving that a negative is the actual truth.D) none of the above.Ans: bEssay18. Suppose that a competitive firm’s marginal cost of producing output q is given by MC=2+2q. Assume that the market price of the firm’s product is $13.A) What level of output will the firm produce?B) What is the firm’s producer surplus?Ans: q = 11/2. Producer surplus = ½(11/2)11 = 121/4.19. Use the following function for elasticity: ε = -(1/s)(P/X), where s is the slope of the demand curve, P is the price, and X is the quantity demanded, to find elasticity when demand isX d= 22-(1/4)P when the price of good X is 20.Ans: ε = -(1/-4)(20/17) = 5/1720. Imagine that the demand for concert tickets can be characterized by the equation X d = 7 –P/5. The supply of tickets can be written as X d = -2 + P/5. Find the equilibrium price and quantity of concert tickets.Ans: X* = 2.5. P* = 22.521. Empirical analysis generally deals with theory and little data.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: b22. Economists attempt, with moderate success, to perform controlled experiments making policy analysis helpful.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: a23. Regression coefficients are indicators of the impact of independent variables on dependent variables.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: a24. Primary data sources include information gathered from interviews and experiments.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: a25. Multiple regression analysis typically requires several computers.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: c26. Econometrics is the statistical analysis of economic data.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: a27. Theory is always necessary for empirical research.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: a28. The demand for a good is not affected by the demand for a related good.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: c29. Equilibrium in the market is where supply is equal to demand.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: a30. A model is a simplified description of some aspect of the economy.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: a31. Causation and Correlation are generally the same thing.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: b32. An experimental study is one which individuals are randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: aEssay33. “Since the social sciences are not like the natural sciences, experiments are a waste of time.”Comment on the above statement.Ans: It is true that social sciences are not the same as natural sciences. Experiments have been used successfully to tell us more about the world we live in. There are limits that social scientists should be aware of, but to dismiss the use of experimental analysis entirely would be incorrect.34. Discuss the concept in econometrics that states, “garbage in . . . garbage out.”Ans: When the data used in an econometric analysis are not carefully screened for errors, there can be faulty and misleading results that occur. There has been some time expended to ensure that the data have been “cleaned” properly.35. It is possible that two different economists can examine the same situation, such as school funding, and reach entirely different conclusions. Why is this so?Ans: Reasoning resulting in differing results includes the time period under examination, the data sources and proxies used, the econometric tools employed, and many other reasons. This is not to say that because different researchers come to different conclusions the analysis is confused. It just means further investigation is needed.36. It has been suggested in the text that raising taxes on beer will reduce teen fatalities. Comment on this.Ans: As the text suggests, this is perfect use of experimental data for testing. Using certain states as “controls” would allow us to examine the difference in fatalities between those states that did not change the tax. Of course, we need to control for other differences that might affect outcomes.Chapter 4Public Goods Multiple Choice1. Public goods are characterized byA) nonrivalness.B) excludabilityC) the sum of the MRSs equaling MRT.D) all of the above.Ans: d2. Market mechanisms are unlikely to provideA) prices.B) nonrival goods efficiently.C) supply and demand.D) none of the above.Ans: b3. A pure private good isA) nonrival in consumption and subject to exclusion.B) rival in consumption and subject to exclusion.C) rival in consumption and not subject to exclusion.D) all of the above.Ans: b4. Commodity egalitarianism refers to commodities thatA) are important for most consumers.B) are too dangerous for most consumers.C) should be made available to all consumers.D) are good ideas but never produced.E) are produced in bulk.Ans: c5. Charging individual prices that are based on consumers’ willingness to pay isA) government price supports.B) will pricing.C) second tier pricing.D) price discrimination.Ans: d6. Equilibrium for public goods is characterized byA) MSB = MSB.B) MRS = MRT.C) MRS = MRS = MRS=…=MRS = MRT.D) MC = MB.E) MRS – MRT = MSB.Ans: c7. Summing demand curves horizontally sends market ______________ to individuals, while summing vertically sends market ______________ to individuals.A) price; priceB) quantity; quantityC) quantity; priceD) price; quantityAns: d8. Public goods can beA) provided privately.B) provided publicly.C) subject to free rider problems.D) all of the above.Ans: d9. A ________ is a person who wants to enjoy the benefits of a public good without contributing his or her marginal benefit to the cost of financing the amount made.A) free riderB) politicianC) price makerD) price optimizerAns: a10. Congestible public goodsA) are nonrival in consumption. B) can not be priced in the market.C) are rival in consumption.D) are never provided by the private sector.Ans: c11. A private good isA) nonrival in consumption.B) subject to free rider problems.C) subject to exclusion.D) not subject to exclusion.E) none of the above.Ans: c12. When those that do not contribute to the costs of a public good are denied use, this is a case ofA) exclusion.B) being nonrival.C) price discrimination.D) infeasibility.E) all of the above.Ans: a13. Which of the following is a public good?A) public defenseB) public televisionC) a libraryD) schoolsE) all of the aboveAns: d14. Pure private goods are supplied throughA) the market.B) government taxes.C) merit pricing.D) none of the above.Ans: a15. School vouchers areA) provided by the government.B) provided by private organizations.C) public funds to be used for private tuition.D) all of the above. Ans: d16. When asked to reveal their true preferences peopleA) always tell the truth.B) never tell the truth.C) sometimes tell the truth.D) generally don’t know what preferences are. Ans: c17. The MRT isA) the marginal ring tone.B) the minimal rate of time.C) the maximum rate of transformation.D) none of the above.Ans: dEssay18. Suppose there are two individuals with identical demand curves characterized by the equation Q = (33/2) – (P/2). What is market demand if these demand curves are added horizontally? Vertically?Ans: Horizontal adding yields Q = 33 –P. Vertical adding yields P = 66 –4Q.19. Refer to Question 9 in your text. How does your answer change if the marginal cost of building each additional lighthouse increases to $150?Ans: Part a) stays the same. Part b) now becomes 0 for the cost is too high for any number of lighthouses to be built.20. Use the answer you found when adding market demand curves vertically in Question 1 above to find the market equilibrium quantity if the market supply is constant at 10.Ans: Q* = 14.21. Suppose you are given the following demand curves: Q = 32 – P and Q = 16 – (P/2). Add these two demand curves vertically and find the market demand curve.Ans: The demand curve has two portions. When Q is between 0 and 16, the demand curve is Q = (64/3) – (P/3). When Q is between 16 and 32, the demand curve is Q = 32 – P.22. Suppose there is a public good that has market supply characterized by the equation X = (P/3) – (32/3). Suppose further that market demand for this good can be characterized by the equation X = 25 –P. Find the equilibrium quantity of the public good that will be supplied.Ans: The two curves never intersect at a positive quantity; therefore, the amount of the public good provided will be zero.23. The free rider problem causes less than optimal production of a public good.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: a24. Pure private goods are nonrival in consumption.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: a25. Most goods that are nonexcludable are pure public goods.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: c26. Vertical summation of demand curves yield results equivalent to those of horizontal summation.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: b27. Increasing the quantity of a pure public good can be done at zero cost.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: b28. Demand curves for pure public goods satisfy the law of demand.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: a29. Pure public goods involve positive externalities.30.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: a30. Increases in spending on education will lead to an increase in student performance.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: c31. Privatization means taking services that are supplied by the government and turning them over to the private sector for provision.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: a32. Private goods are always provided by the private sector.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: b33. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is an example of a good that is both non-rival and excludable good.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: a34. Choosing between public or private provision of a good always lead to market efficiencies.A) True.B) False.C) Uncertain.Ans: cEssay35. You have read that the free rider problem affects equilibrium in a public good context. Explain how this situation can be modeled as a prisoner’s dilemma game.Ans: Each individual will say before construction that he will tell the truth about his preferences. It would be in each person’s interest to lie about his true preferences, which would allow him to enjoy a higher level of public good without paying for it completely.36. Discuss and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of public highways versus toll roads. Ans: There would be less uniformity in roads and no assurances about quality. Toll roads might exist in key areas if no one decides to build one or the costs are prohibitive.37. Some economists believe that public schools would improve if they were subjected to competition. Discuss the pros and cons of this idea.Ans: Competition would cause weaker schools to try harder to retain the students that they have. Competition could lead to teaching being concentrated at getting students’ test scores to rise without regard to subject matter.Chapter 5Externalities Multiple-Choice1. Reducing output from the privately optimal level to the socially optimal level willA) cause a loss of consumption to consumers.B) reduce marginal damages.C) reduce the production costs.D) cause all of the above.Ans: d2. Marginal damages are hard to measure becauseA) they can be generated from multiple sources.B) they are hard to graph.C) they happen over time.D) no one cares about them.Ans: a3. In Figure 5.4, if the marginal damages line did not originate at 0,A) it would mean that marginal damages did not exist.B) there is no way to find MSC.C) MSC would not originate at the same intercept as MPC.D) then all of the above.Ans: c4. Externalities can be positive becauseA) marginal damages do not last over time. B) utility can be impacted positively as well as negatively.C) there is no concept for marginal benefit. D) positive externalities are subsidies.Ans: b5. Refer to the graphs below. Which graph(s) represent(s) an externality?A) graph AB) graphs A and BC) graph BD) neither graph A nor graph BAns: c6. Refer to Figure 5.7 in the textbook. What does it mean if all firms have to reduce to a point2*)*(XZ?A) Firm X will reduce more than optimal.B) Firm Z will reduce less than optimal.C) The new point is between X* and Z*.D) All of the above.Ans: d7. The Coase theorem has problems becauseA) generally, bargaining costs are not zero.B) individuals are not concerned with others.C) markets always exist.D) all of the above.Ans: a8. Pollution rights may be traded ifA) polluters try to hide pollution.B) administrators are uncertain about Pigouvian taxes. C) there is no market for pollution.D) pollution is harmless.Ans: b9. Externalities can be produced by ____________, as well as ____________.A) individuals; firmsB) market prices; market incomesC) oceans; streamsD) none of the aboveAns: a10. A Pigouvian tax corrects forA) market congestion.B) market losses.C) inefficient sales.D) low market prices.Ans: d11. Which of the following is correct?A) SMC = PMC - MD B) MPB = MSB + MEBC) SMC = PMC + MD D) MSC = MPB E) MSB =MSC + MPBAns: c12. Marginal benefits are downward sloping whenA) there are no total benefits.B) the slope of the marginal benefits curve is negative.C) total benefits are increasing at a decreasing rate.D) marginal costs are upward sloping. Ans: b13. A Pigouvian subsidyA) can not exist with externalities. B) is the same thing as a Pigouvian tax.C) is measured in terms of Pigouvian dollars.D) moves production to the socially optimal level of output.Ans: d14. As a general rule, zero pollution is not socially desirable becauseA) there would be no production.B) the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) needs to have something to do.C) no pollution would lead to global warming. D) all of the above.Ans: a15. Externalities require government intervention whenA) violence will result between disputing parties.B) there are only a few sellers in the market.C) property rights are not clearly established.D) the government imposes sales taxes.E) all of the above.Ans: c16. Which method helps in obtaining the socially optimal level of output?A) Pigouvian taxesB) regulationC) property rights and bargainingD) all of the aboveAns: d17. Marginal damagesA) must always be considered in social marginal costs.B) must not be considered in social marginal costs.C) must sometimes be considered in social marginal costs.D) have nothing to do with social marginal costs.Ans: a18. A tax levied on each unit of pollution isA) a income taxB) a emissions feeC) a flat taxD) an international taxAns: b19. A cap-and-trade policyA) has a set number of permitsB) allows polluters to trade permitsC) caps the total level of pollution allowedD) all of the aboveE) none of the aboveAns: d20. Command-and-control regulationsA) are less flexible than incentive based regulationsB) come from the private sectorC) have technology standards a type of controlD) a & cE) a & bAns: dEssay21. Suppose the factory Afro-Puffs Inc. produces wigs. As a by-product of this wig production, they also produce dangerous emissions of toxic gases (as a result of the strong glue used to hold the hair in place). The De-Lite car factory, down the road, experiences a negative externality from this production process. Suppose that the supply curve (private marginal costs) for the wig factory is X=(2/5)P- 2, and it faces a market demand of X d=15 - P/2. The marginal damages caused by the production of wigs can be written as X=P – 1/2.(a.) Find the equilibrium price and quantity in the market for wigs.(b.) Find the socially optimal level of wigs and the corresponding price.(c.) How much should the wig factory be taxed per wig?Ans:(a.) Set PMC equal to demand and solve for P and X. X= 50/9, P = 170/9.(b.) Find SMC by adding PMC to MD. Set SMC equal to demand and solve for P and X. X = 49/11, P = 232/11.(c.) At X = 49/11, subtract PMC from SMC. Tax = 109/22.22. A steel factory has the right to discharge waste into a river. The waste reduces the numberof fish, causing damage for swimmers. Let X denote the quantity of waste dumped. The marginal damage, denoted MD, is given by the equation MD = 2 + 5X. The marginal benefit (MB) of dumping waste is given by the equation MB = 34 – 3X.(a.) Calculate the efficient quantity of waste.(b.) What is the efficient fee, in dollars per unit of waste, that would cause the firm to dump only an efficient quantity of waste?(c.) What would be the quantity dumped if the firm did not care about the fishery?Ans:(a.) Set MD = MB and solve for X. X= 32/6.(b.) Insert 32/6 into either MD or MB. Fee = 86/3.(c.) Set MB equal to zero and solve for X. X = 34/3.23. The private marginal benefit for commodity X is given by 15 – X, where X is the number of units consumed. The private marginal cost of producing X is constant at 10. In the absence of any government intervention, how much X is produced? What is the gain to society involved in moving from the inefficient to the efficient level of production?Ans: Without intervention, optimal will be where PMB = 0. X = 15. The efficient level is X = 5. The area beneath the PMB is gained. Gain = 25.24. Consider the case of two farmers, Tony and Hakim, depicted in the figure below. Both use DDT (a chemical pesticide) for their crops. The use of DDT causes an externality for swimmers down river from the farms.(A) Show the amount of pesticides used if each uses the privately optimal level of pesticides.(B) Show the amount of pesticides used if they are socially concerned.(C) Why is a reduction back to X H = H T not socially desired?Ans: (A)。

英语政治术语练习30题1. The United Nations is an important ____ organization.A. international politicsB. international politicalC. politically internationalD. politics international答案：B。

本题考查形容词修饰名词的用法。

选项 A 中“international politics”是名词短语，不能修饰“organization”；选项C“politically international”是副词+形容词的组合，也不能修饰名词；选项D“politics international”顺序错误。

选项B“international political”是形容词+形容词的组合，可以修饰“organization”，表示“国际政治的”。

2. The ____ of the United States is a complex system.A. political systemB. politics systemC. system politicalD. system of politics答案：A。

“political system”是固定短语，意为“政治制度”，选项B 中“politics system”的表述不正确；选项C“system political”顺序错误；选项D“system of politics”意为“政治的体系”，不符合常用表达。

所以选A。

3. The European Union plays a significant role in ____ affairs.A. regional politicsB. politics regionalC. regional politicalD. political regional答案：C。

social security翻译social security的中文翻译是社会保障。

它指的是一种由政府提供的社会福利制度，旨在保障人民在失去收入源或遇到其他生活困难时的基本生活需求。

双语例句：1. The government is responsible for providing social security to its citizens.政府有责任为其公民提供社会保障。

2. Many countries have implemented social security systems to help alleviate poverty.许多国家都实施了社会保障制度，以帮助减轻贫困问题。

3. Social security programs include benefits such as healthcare, unemployment insurance, and retirement pensions.社会保障计划包括医疗保险、失业保险和退休金等福利待遇。

4. In times of economic crisis, social security canprovide a safety net for vulnerable populations.经济危机时期，社会保障可以为弱势群体提供保障网。

5. The social security system is funded through contributions from both employees and employers.社会保障体系的资金来源于雇员和雇主的缴费。

6. People who have contributed to the social security system are eligible for benefits when they retire.为社会保障制度做出过贡献的人在退休时有权获得福利。

10篇英语范文英语范文是学习英语写作的重要素材，通过阅读和分析范文，可以提高写作水平和语言表达能力。

下面是10篇优秀的英语范文，供您参考学习。

1. Sustainable Development （可持续发展）Sustainable development is a concept that aims to reconcile economic growth with environmental protection. It emphasizes the need to meet the present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This essay explores the importance of sustainable development and suggests some strategies for achieving it.2. Globalization （全球化）Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries around the world. It has brought both benefits and challenges to various aspects of our lives, such as economy, culture, and communication. This essay discusses the impacts of globalization on different aspects and provides some recommendations.3. Technology and Education （技术与教育）Technology has greatly transformed the field of education. It has expanded access to education, improved the quality of teaching and learning, and provided new opportunities for personalized learning. This essay explores the role of technology in education and its potential impacts on students and teachers.4. Social Media and Communication （社交媒体与沟通）Social media has revolutionized the way we communicate and interact with others. It has become an integral part of our lives, affecting various aspects of society, including politics, business, and personal relationships. This essay examines the impact of social media on communication and discusses the pros and cons of its use.5. Climate Change （气候变化）Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges facing our planet today. It is caused by human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, and has significant environmental, social, and economic implications. This essay discusses the causes, consequences, and possible solutions to address climate change.6. Cybersecurity （网络安全）Cybersecurity is a growing concern in the digital age, as our reliance on technology increases. It refers to the measures taken to protect computers, networks, and data from unauthorized access or attacks. This essay examines the importance of cybersecurity and suggests some strategies to enhance online security.7. Gender Equality （性别平等）Gender equality is a fundamental human right that seeks to ensure equal opportunities and treatment for people of all genders. Despite progress, gender inequalities persist in many areas, such as education, employment,and leadership. This essay explores the importance of gender equality and discusses strategies to achieve it.8. Artificial Intelligence （人工智能）Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly advancing technology that aims to simulate human intelligence in machines. It has the potential to revolutionize various industries, from healthcare to transportation. This essay examines the applications and implications of AI and discusses its ethical considerations.9. Healthy Lifestyle （健康生活方式）Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial for overall well-being. It involves making informed choices about nutrition, exercise, and mental well-being. This essay discusses the importance of a healthy lifestyle and provides tips for achieving and maintaining it.10. Cultural Diversity （文化多样性）Cultural diversity refers to the coexistence of different cultures, languages, and traditions within a society. It enriches our lives, promotes understanding, and fosters social cohesion. This essay explores the value of cultural diversity and discusses strategies to promote inclusivity and respect for different cultures.以上是10篇英语范文的简要介绍，您可以根据具体题目选择相应的范文进行阅读和学习，以提高英语写作能力。

Unit41.The crisis of global poverty has，at long last, been accorded a high priority on the international agenda。

This propitious development has sparked a flurry of discussion and research concerning the means for eradicating this debilitating condition from human life。

Yet as renewed pledges for action pour in from governments，as long-held theories and conventional approaches fail to quell long-held prejudices，conflicts，and exploitation, a feeling of rudderlessness looms over the global enterprise of poverty eradication. At the same time, a palpable optimism emerges from the attention and momentum generated by the search for solutions to this worldwide challenge。

2.The mechanisms of poverty eradication have long been defined in primarily material terms. Indeed，the central pillar of the international community's poverty alleviation efforts has been the transfer of financial resources。

confidence in the political system选自"Confidence in the political system" 是一个常见的表达，通常用来描述人们对某个国家或地区政治制度的信任程度。

这个表达可能会出现在各种文章、演讲、研究报告等中。

以下是一个示例，包含了超过 400 字的关于 "Confidence in the political system" 的选文：**The Importance of Confidence in the Political System**Confidence in the political system is the cornerstone of a healthy democracy. It refers to the public's trust and belief in the institutions, processes, and leaders of a political system. When the public has confidence in the political system, they are more likely to participate in the political process, support the decisions made by the government, and abide by the laws and regulations.Confidence in the political system is essential for several reasons. Firstly, it helps to ensure political stability. A stable political system is crucial for the development and prosperity of a country. When the public has confidence in the political system, they are less likely to engage in political protests or violent conflicts, which can lead to social unrest and political instability.Secondly, confidence in the political system promotes government effectiveness. When the public trusts the government and its institutions, they are more likely to cooperate with the government and support its policies and initiatives. This, in turn, can help the government to implement its policies more effectively and achieve its goals.Lastly, confidence in the political system is essential for the protection of human rights and freedoms. A democratic political system is based on the principles of human rights and freedoms, such as freedom of speech, assembly, and religion. When the public has confidence in the political system, they are more likely to defend and uphold these principles, ensuring that they are protected and respected.In conclusion, confidence in the political system is crucial for the health and functioning of a democracy. It helps to ensure political stability, promotes government effectiveness, and protects human rights and freedoms. Therefore, it is the responsibility of governments and politicians to build and maintain public confidence in the political system by upholding the principles of democracy, transparency, and accountability.。