定语从句的概念
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定语从句的概念 Revised by Petrel at 2021一、定语从句的概念在复合句中做定语,修饰某一个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面,由关系词引导。
定语从句的结构是:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括(that,which,who,whom,whose)等,关系副词包括(where,when,why)等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
(主语和宾语等)Eg:1.Doyouknowtheboythat/who isfromJapan. (主语)2.Idon’tlikethebookthat/whichisboring.(主语)3.Idon’tknowthetimewhenwewillstart. (状语)三、学习关系代词that,who,which,whose 的用法1.Doyouknowtheboythat/whoisfromJapan.(主语)2.theman(that/who)Italkedwith justnowismyteacher.(宾语)3.Idon’tlikethebook(that/which) isboring.(主语)4.Thebike(that/which)Iborrowedyesterday isKangkang’s.(宾语)5.Ihaveapenwhosecolorisblack. (定语)6.Ikno wtheboywhosefatherisateacher.(定语)练习Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom填空。
1.Thething______youmustdoistohaveameal.2.April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewes t.3.Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhe lpfromtheirfriends.4.Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.5.Didn’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow四、关系代词只能用that的情况:1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that.例如:Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
定语从句一、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后,而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。
如:The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.先行词定语从句昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。
三、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂,有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。
(1)被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。
限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系(2)。
关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。
关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语,关系副词在句中作状语。
如:I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. (主语)先行词关系代词我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。
The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语) 先行词关系代词我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。
The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语)先行词关系代词那个是他的母亲,名叫琳达·布朗。
That is the house where my father used to live.(状语)先行词关系副词那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。
四、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why 等。
定语从句用法1.基本概念:定语从句:在复合句中作定语,修饰名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句。
先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或者代词叫先行词。
一般情况下,定语从句紧跟先行词。
但也有各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割开的现象。
关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,表语,和定语。
关系副词:when,where,why,在定语从句中充当状语。
关系代词的基本用法:关系代词先行词从句成分例句备注who 人主语、宾语Do you know the man who is talking with yourmother? Whom,which,that 在从句中作宾语时,常常可以省略,但介词提前时后面的关系代词不能省略,也不能用that。
whom 人宾语The boy (whom)she loved died in the war.whose 人,物定语I like those books whose topics are abouthistory.That 人,物主语、宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.which 人、物主语、宾语The book (which)I gave you was worth 10yuan.as 人,物主语,宾语This is the same pen as I lost yesterday只用that,不用which的情况:1.先行词是形容词最高级或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best way that has been used against pollution.2.先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词修饰。
It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen.3.先行词是all, much , little, something , everything , anything , nothing , none等不定代词。
定语从句的概念及用法是什么定语从句的概念及用法是什么关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
下面是店铺给大家整理的定语从句的概念及用法简介,希望能帮到大家!定语从句的概念定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。
名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。
定语从句用法在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的.有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。
1.由who引导的定语从句中,who用作主语,如:This is the boy who often helps me.2.由whom引导的定语从句中,whom用作宾语,如:The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.3.由whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语,如:Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?4.由which引导的定语从句中,which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如:The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.The river which is in front of my house is very clean.This is the pen which you want.注意:(1)whom,which用作介词宾语时,介词可放在whom、which之前,也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。
超级语法之定语从句一、概念与分类(一)定语从句(又叫关系分句)是起定语作用的从句,修饰名词(词组)、代词、整个句子或句中述及的一件事。
被修饰的部分叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词(分为关系代词和关系副词)。
试看例句:The young man who teaches us English is from the UK.先行词关系代词定从(二)定语从句按其与先行词的密切程度分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
区别如下:限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句意义与作用指明先行词的身份或修饰限制先行词,若省去,意义不明,与先行词关系密切。
对先行词起补充说明作用,若省去,主句意义不受影响。
既可修饰先行词也可修饰整个主句或主句的一部分。
翻译通常译在先行词前作定语。
可译为主句的并列分句。
关系词所有关系词均可,当关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省。
除that外的所有关系词;任何时候都不可省。
形式定语从句前不用“,”隔开。
只位于先行词后。
可放句首,句中或句末,前后均用“,”隔开。
注:例句对比:The police have arrested the man, who murdered two officials.警方已抓了那人,他已谋杀了两名官员。
The police have arrested the man who murdered two officials. 警方已抓了那个已谋杀了两名官员的人。
二、关系代词关系词的选用是定语从句的核心,常见关系代词见下表:主语宾语定语指人whothat whomthatwhose(=of whom)指物whichthat whichthatwhose(=of which)指事which/as which/as注:关系代词作宾语或表语时可省。
关系词的选择取决于先行词的性质(指人还是指物)或先行词在定语从句中作何种成分。
例:The man who informed me is Tom. (作主语)The man (who/ whom) I informed is Tom. (作宾语)She is not the person (that) she was. (作表语)The person whose brother is my classmate is a boss. (作定语)The day when I graduated was special. (作状语)★关系代词的用法辨析1、that与which的区别:二者引导限制性定语从句时,一般可互换。
英语语法讲解之定语从句一、几个基本概念1.定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/which/whom/whose﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why﹙3﹚引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
﹙4﹚引导词的功能(作用):①连接先行词和定语从句。
②在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。
5.定语从句的类型:﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句Eg.The man who you’re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导Eg.The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.=I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.=介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在相关动词之后。
例如:The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.※﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
定语从句知识点总结详细一、定语从句的概念定语从句是一种对名词起修饰或限制作用的从句,它通常由关系词引导,用来进一步说明先行词的情况、属性或特征。
在句子中充当形容词,对名词进行修饰。
二、定语从句的用法1. 修饰名词定语从句通常用来修饰名词,对名词进行进一步的解释或者描述。
例如:The book that you recommended is very interesting.(你推荐的那本书非常有趣。
)2. 限制名词定语从句还可以作为限制性定语从句,用来对名词进行限定。
例如:I want to buy the pen which is on the table.(我想买桌子上的那支笔。
)三、定语从句的结构定语从句通常由关系代词或者关系副词引导,加上从句。
关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose等,关系副词有when, where, why等。
从句的结构可以是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句通常用来修饰人或物,其结构如下:that(指人或物)which(指物)who(指人)whom(指人)whose(表所有关系)2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句通常用来修饰时间、地点、原因等,其结构如下:when(指时间)where(指地点)why(指原因)四、定语从句的关键词1. thatthat通常用来指代人或物,可以用来引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,常用于口语和书面语中。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)2. whichwhich通常用来指代物,可以用来引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,常用于口语和书面语中。
例如:I like the dress which you are wearing.(我喜欢你穿的那条裙子。
定语从句的含义定语从句的含义想要学好定语从句,需要了解定语从句的含义,你对定语从句掌握了多少呢。
以下是店铺为大家整理的定语从句的含义,仅供参考,希望能够帮助大家。
一、定语从句的概念定语从句是指在复合句中,修饰限定某一名词或代词的从句。
例如:You must buy me the house which is near Xiangshan.上面例句中的the house就是后面定语从句所修饰或限定的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
二、关系词(连接词)引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词:that, which, who (宾格whom, 所有格whose) 和关系副词where, when, why。
关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时还做定语从句的一个成分。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有that、which、who、whom、whose,其中whom引导的是宾格,whose引导的是所有格。
2.that与which的用法区分1)只能用that,不能用which作为定语从句关系代词的情况a)当先行词由不定代词anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等代替时,关系代词只能用that而不能用which 。
例如:There is nothing that I can dob)先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时例如:The last place that I visited was the hospital.c)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级。
例如:This is the first composition that he has written in English.d)先行词既有人,又有物时例如:He talked about the teachers and schools that he hadvisited.2)只用which不用that的情况a)引导非限定性定语从句时例如:The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b)介词后用which例如:We depend on the land from which we get our food.3.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的`名词,在从句中作状语。
定语从句(完整版)定语从句是用关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,它的作用是修饰主句中的名词性成分,相当于形容词。
关系词包括关系代词和关系副词,常用的关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose、as等,而关系副词则有where、when、why等。
关系词有三个作用,即引导定语从句、代替先行词、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
需要注意的是,关系代词有主语和宾语之分,其中whom通常作为宾语。
定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,它可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语来担任,甚至可以由一个句子来担任。
在汉语中,我们通常用“……的”表示定语。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语;而短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
限定性定语从句有两种形式,一种是由关系代词引导的,另一种是由关系副词引导的。
关系代词that既可代表事物也可代表人,which则只能代表事物。
在从句中,that和which可以作主语或宾语,而that在从句中作宾语时常常可以省略关系词。
如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前面,但有些例外。
需要注意的是,代表物时多用which,但在带有特定词语的句子中,如anything、everything、nothing、none等不定代词时,或者是由every、any、all、some、no、little、few、much等修饰时,应该使用that而不是which。
此外,当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时,或者先行词中既有人又有物时,也应该使用that,而不是which。
4.Who and whom are used to introduce clauses that modify people。
serving as the subject and object of the clause respectively。
高一英语语法归纳总结 ----定语从句的归纳一.几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的3.定语从句的位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词) 。
﹙ 1 ﹚关系代词: that/who/whom/which/as﹙ 2 ﹚关系副词: when/where/why5.引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后) 。
【as 除外】6.引导词的功能(作用):﹙ 1 ﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙ 2 ﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语) 。
7.定语从句的类型:﹙ 1 ﹚限定性定语从句。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who you ’re talking to is my friend.② 由介词+关系代词( whom/which )引导The man to whom you ’re talking i s my friend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.如:The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.﹙ 2 ﹚非限定性定语从句。
定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)The coat (that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)The film (which)we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。
在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。
例如:The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
(作主语)Who is the teacher (whom)Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。
例如:This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。
例如:This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。
例如:The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:1. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
2.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?3.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,little,few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
4. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
5.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:Who is the girl that is crying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?6.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:What’s that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:Tom came back,which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。
例如:This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。
例如:This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。
例如:Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
单项填空。
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?-Yes,he’s our headmaster.A. heB. whoC. whichD. whom2. Is this the river _____I can swim?A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?A. that you boughtB. you bought itC. that you bought itD. which you bought it5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agreesB. who agreeC. who agreesD. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.A. thatB. itC. which D who8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.A. which;isB. whom;wasC. who;isD. who;was10. The world ______ is made up of matter.A. in that we liveB. on which we liveC. where we live inD. that we live inⅡ. 用适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom填空。
1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4. The house _____we live in is very old.5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?参考答案:I. 1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCDⅡ. 1. that 2. which / that 3. who / that 4. that / which 5. who/ whom/ that9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. who7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gateA. who’s B whose C. that of which.。