TECHNICAL NOTES Drought Storage Allocation Rules for Surface Reservoir Systems

小学上册英语第三单元测验卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.What is the name of the largest desert in the world?A. SaharaB. GobiC. ArcticD. Antarctic答案:A2.He _______ (总是) helps me with my homework.3.The chemical formula for ethylene glycol is ______.4. A bison can weigh up to ______ (一吨) or more.5. A _______ is a process that involves mixing liquids.6. A __________ is a reaction that requires energy input.7.I can jump very ______.8.The _____ of a substance refers to its ability to conduct heat.9.My favorite insect is a _______ (我最喜欢的昆虫是_______).10.The sun is shining ________ today.11.The Earth's surface is shaped by both human and natural ______.12.The _____ (车站) is nearby.13.The _____ (狐狸) is a master of stealth.14.What do we call the person who cuts hair?A. BarberB. DentistC. ChefD. Mechanic15.We had a _____ (party/picnic) last weekend.16.The _____ (科学) project is interesting.17.What do you call a baby dragon?A. HatchlingB. CubC. KitD. Calf18._____ (草原) are home to many wildflowers.19.I like to _______ (与朋友一起)去看电影.20.The _____ (大雁) honks as it flies overhead.21.What do you call a place where you can borrow books?A. SchoolB. LibraryC. StoreD. ParkB22.I like to _____ (pick) fruits from the trees.23.The ______ (果实) of the apple tree is known for its health benefits.24.I think it’s important to stay active and _______ (健康). It benefits both body and mind.25.What do you call the hard outer covering of an egg?A. ShellB. YolkC. AlbumenD. Membrane26.The ancient Greeks built _______ to discuss politics. (集会所)27.The turtle is very _________. (耐心)28.What do we call the movement of the Earth around the sun?A. RotationB. RevolutionC. OrbitD. SpinB29.I want to go ________ (滑雪) this winter.30.What is the capital city of Malawi?A. LilongweB. BlantyreC. MzuzuD. Zomba31. A _____ (植物教学) can engage students in science.32.The Earth's crust varies in thickness from place to ______.33.The chemical formula for docosahexaenoic acid is ______.34.I have a toy _______ that can build things.35.My mom is a great _______ (厨师).36.What is the name of the largest volcano in the solar system?A. Olympus MonsB. Mount EverestC. Mauna KeaD. Kilauea37.The _____ (植物经济) contributes to livelihood.38.The capital of the Philippines is ________.39.What do you call a small, flying insect that makes honey?A. BeeB. AntC. FlyD. MosquitoA40.What do we call the study of the Earth?A. BiologyB. GeographyC. PhysicsD. ChemistryB41.I can ______ (做) simple calculations.42.My uncle, ______ (我的叔叔), has a collection of coins.43.My cousin is a talented __________ (演员).44.The cat purrs when it is _____ happy.45.The ________ (人工栽培) supports agriculture.46.What do we call the study of living organisms?A. BiologyB. ChemistryC. PhysicsD. GeologyA47.What is the tallest mountain in the world?A. KilimanjaroB. K2C. EverestD. Fuji48.We need to protect ______ (植物) from pollution.49. A ______ (猫) likes to sit in sunny spots.50.The _____ (蜜蜂) is crucial for pollinating flowers.51.What is the capital city of Luxembourg?A. Luxembourg CityB. Esch-sur-AlzetteC. DifferdangeD. Dudelange52.What do we call the study of living things?A. ChemistryB. BiologyC. PhysicsD. GeographyB53. A ___ (小兔) has long ears and a fluffy tail.54.I enjoy doing magic tricks with my ________ (玩具名称).55.We should _______ our toys.56.What is the fastest land animal?A. CheetahB. LionC. HorseD. GazelleA57.The crow is often seen in _________. (城市)58. Lakes are located in ________ (五大湖位于________). The Grea59.The chemical formula for sodium sulfate is ______.60.What is the chemical symbol for silver?A. AuB. AgC. PbD. FeB61.I love to watch the sunrise and ________ (日落) at the beach. It’s very ________ (放松).62.The main component of nucleotides is _____.63. A mixture of metals is called an ______.64.My cat enjoys pouncing on ______ (玩具).65.What is the capital of France?A. RomeB. ParisC. BerlinD. MadridB66.The ____ is often seen leaping from branch to branch.67.The ________ (生态系统恢复) is ongoing.68.My friend is my loyal _______ who is always by my side.69.The ancient Egyptians created ________ to preserve their history.70.What do we call the animal that is known for changing colors?A. ChameleonB. GeckoC. IguanaD. Monitor lizardA71.My brother collects ________.72.My grandma is always there for ____.73.Which of these is a fruit?A. LettuceB. TomatoC. CarrotD. Potato74.The __________ (历史的教训) informs our choices.75.The __________ (历史的教训) can help prevent future mistakes.76.I love _______ (冬天) because of the snow.77.Which animal lives in a hive?A. AntB. BeeC. SpiderD. FlyB78.The Stone Age is known for the use of _______ tools.79.The process of a solid turning into a gas is called _______.80.The __________ (气体) state has no fixed shape or volume.81.The _____ (大象) communicates with low-frequency sounds.82.The pH scale measures how _______ or basic a solution is.83.My sister loves to __________. (画画)84.The ______ (灌木丛) provides habitat for birds.85.I love _______ (制作) crafts.86.His favorite movie is a ________.87.What is the color of a ripe banana?A. GreenB. YellowC. RedD. Brown88. A _______ is a reaction that involves the breaking of chemical bonds.89.What is the name of the event where you celebrate a new beginning?A. GraduationB. WeddingC. BirthdayD. New YearD90.Which country is known for the Eiffel Tower?A. ItalyB. FranceC. SpainD. GermanyB91.What is the opposite of "big"?A. SmallB. TallC. WideD. LargeA Small92.The dog is _______ (跟着) its owner.93.Which season comes after summer?A. SpringB. WinterC. FallD. Summer94.What is the name of the famous river in the United States?A. AmazonB. MississippiC. NileD. Yangtze95.What do you call the upper part of a tree?A. TrunkB. BranchC. CanopyD. RootsC96.I need to _____ (pack/unpack) my bag for school.97.The Pacific Ocean is the ______ ocean in the world.98.How do you say "你好" in English?A. HelloB. GoodbyeC. PleaseD. Thank you99.What do we call a person who studies history?A. HistorianB. ArchaeologistC. SociologistD. Anthropologist 100.The __________ (历史的教育内容) shape future leaders.。

Southwest AgricultureIntroductionSouthwest agriculture refers to the agricultural practices and systems in the southwestern region of a country. This region is known for its unique climate, topography, and agricultural techniques that are specifically adapted to the conditions found in the area. In this article, we will explore the characteristics of southwest agriculture, including the crops grown, irrigation methods used, and the challenges faced by farmers in this region.Characteristics of Southwest Agriculture1. Drought-resistant CropsDue to the arid and semi-arid climate in the southwest, farmers in this region mainly cultivate drought-resistant crops that can withstand the limited water availability. Some of the common crops grown in southwest agriculture include: - Maize - Sorghum - Millet - SunflowersThese crops have been genetically modified or selectively bred to have increased tolerance to drought conditions and require less water compared to other crops.2. Efficient Irrigation TechniquesWater scarcity is one of the biggest challenges faced by farmers in the southwest. To overcome this, innovative irrigation techniques have been developed and implemented in southwest agriculture. Some of these techniques include: - Drip Irrigation: This method provides water directly to the roots of the plants, reducing water wastage through evaporation. - Sprinkler Irrigation: In this method, water is sprayed over the crops in a manner that mimics rainfall, ensuring uniform distribution. - Terracing: Terraces are built on slopes to prevent soil erosion and maximize water retention.These techniques not only conserve water but also help in maximizing crop yields in the limited water availability.3. AgroforestryAgroforestry is another important aspect of southwest agriculture. It involves the integration of trees or shrubs with agricultural crops or livestock. This practice offers several benefits, such as: - Soil Conservation: Trees help prevent erosion and maintain soil fertility. - Microclimate Regulation: The presence of trees creates a microclimate that can moderate temperature and humidity levels, benefiting both crops and livestock. - Biodiversity Conservation: Agroforestry systems promote biodiversity by providing habitat for various species of plants and animals.Farmers in the southwest often adopt agroforestry techniques to enhance the sustainability and productivity of their agricultural systems.4. Pest and Disease ManagementThe warm climate and diverse ecosystems in the southwest make it a favorable environment for pests and diseases. Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are employed to control these threats in southwest agriculture. IPM involves a combination of techniques such as: 1. Biological control: The use of natural enemies of pests, such as predators and parasites, to keep their populations in check. 2. Crop rotation: Changing the crops planted in a specific area helps break the lifecycle of pests and prevent the buildup of pathogens. 3. Cultural practices: Implementing practices like proper sanitation, weed control, and pruning to reduce pest and disease incidences. 4. Minimal use of pesticides: Chemical pesticides are used as a last resort and are carefully chosen to minimize environmental impact.These strategies promote sustainable pest and disease management, reducing the reliance on synthetic pesticides and minimizing harms to the ecosystem.Challenges Faced by Southwest Farmers1. Water ScarcityThe scarcity of water is a significant challenge faced by farmers in the southwest. With limited rainfall and inadequate water sources, farmers have to carefully manage their water resources and make use of efficient irrigation techniques to sustain their crops. Climate change exacerbates this issue, as extreme weather events like droughts become more frequent.2. Soil ErosionThe hilly topography and heavy rainfall in some parts of the southwest make soil erosion a common problem. Uncontrolled runoff can wash away fertile topsoil, reducing the soil’s productivity. Farmers employ various measures like terracing, contour plowing, and the use of cover crops to mitigate soil erosion and maintain soil health.3. Market AccessRemote locations and limited transportation infrastructure pose challenges in accessing markets for southwest farmers. The lack of proper roads and storage facilities can result in difficulties in transporting and selling agricultural produce. Improved infrastructure and better market linkages are essential to overcome this challenge and ensure a fair price for farmers’ products.4. Climate ChangeThe southwest region is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including changes in temperature, rainfall patterns, and the frequency of extreme weather events. Unpredictable weather conditions can disrupt crop seasons, affect yields, and increase the prevalence of pests and diseases. Farmers need to adapt their agricultural practices and adopt climate-resilient techniques to mitigate the impacts of climate change.In conclusion, southwest agriculture is characterized by the cultivation of drought-resistant crops, efficient water management techniques, agroforestry practices, and integrated pest and disease management.Despite the challenges posed by water scarcity, soil erosion, limited market access, and climate change, farmers in the southwest remain resilient and adapt their practices to ensure sustainable agricultural production in this unique region.。

托福听力讲座高频词汇：地质类crust地壳Core地核mantle地幔Rock岩石mineral矿物aquifer蓄水层layer层sediment沉积;沉淀物fossil化石stratum地层fault断层fold折痕Dating techniques年代测定技术Earthquake地震seismicwaves地震波epicenter 震中magnitude震aftershock余震volcano火山erode腐蚀，侵蚀sedimentaryrock沉积岩limestone石灰岩granite花岗岩Eruption爆发magma岩浆lava火山岩浆Ash火山灰chamber房间crater火山口Activevolcano活火山dormantvolcano休眠火山extinctvolcano死火山bedrock基岩tsunami海啸landslide山崩mudslide泥流avalanche雪崩托福听力讲座高频词汇：考古类Relative dating 相对年龄测定Absolute dating 绝对测年法Radiocarbon dating 放射性碳定年法Radiometric Dating同位素年龄测定radiocarbon dating 放射性碳定年法Radiometric Dating 同位素年龄测定Excavate 发掘Paleolithic [,pel?o‘l?θ?k] 旧石器时代Mesolithic [?mi?z?(?)?l?θ?k] 中石器时代Neolithic [?ni??l?θ?k] 新石器时代' Chronological 年代的Remnant 遗迹Pottery 陶Ceramics 陶Antique 古老的Artifact 手工艺品托福听力：听力笔记的5个方法一、缩进式这是笔记中最常见的方式，能够非常清晰地表明文章的结构。

一般把做笔记的纸分成两部分，一列一列从上往下记。

drought 英语介绍What is Drought?Drought is a prolonged period of abnormally dry weather, resulting in a shortage of water supply for various uses such as irrigation, household consumption, and industrial processes. It is a natural disaster that can have severe impacts on ecosystems, agriculture, economies, and human lives. Droughts can occur in any climate zone and can range in duration, severity, and geographic extent. In this article, we will delve deeper into the causes, effects, and strategies for mitigating the impacts of drought.Causes of DroughtSeveral factors contribute to the onset of drought, including natural variability in climate patterns and anthropogenic activities. Natural causes of drought include weather patterns like El Niño and La Niña, which can disrupt rainfall patterns and lead to prolonged dry periods. Climate change also plays a role in increasing the frequency and intensity of droughts, altering precipitation patterns and exacerbating water scarcity in certain regions.Human activities can also contribute to the occurrence of drought. Deforestation, for instance, reduces the capacity of forests to retain water, leading to decreased water availability in adjacent areas. Additionally, excessive water consumption by agriculture and industrial sectors can deplete water sources, exacerbating drought conditions. Poor water management practices, such as inefficient irrigation methods and inadequate water storage infrastructure, can further amplify the impacts of drought.Effects of DroughtDrought can have extensive impacts on various sectors and ecosystems. The agricultural sector is particularly susceptible, as crops and livestock depend heavily on water for growth and sustenance. Droughts can lead to crop failures, reduced agricultural yields, and livestock deaths, causing food shortages and price hikes. In addition to the immediate economic consequences, the longterm effects of drought on agriculture can include soil degradation, reduced soil fertility, and loss of vegetation cover.Ecosystems also suffer during droughts, with decreased water availability disrupting natural processes and habitats. Rivers, lakes, and groundwaterreservoirs can dry up, threatening the survival of aquatic species and diminishing biodiversity. Forests become vulnerable to wildfires, as dry vegetation becomes highly flammable. Moreover, droughts can lead to ecological imbalances, such as invasive species proliferation, which can further harm native flora and fauna.Droughts also impact human lives and economies. Water scarcity affects human health and hygiene, with a higher risk of waterborne diseases. Indigenous communities and disadvantaged populations are particularly vulnerable, as they often lack access to alternative water sources or means to cope with the impacts of drought. Economic sectors such as energy production, manufacturing, and tourism can also suffer as water scarcity hampers operations, increases costs, and decreases productivity.Mitigation and Adaptation StrategiesTo mitigate the impacts of drought, a combination of preventive measures, water management strategies, and adaptive practices are necessary. Integrated water resources management (IWRM) plays a crucial role in drought mitigation by balancing water supply and demand. This involves improving water efficiency, implementing water conservation practices, and promoting sustainable water use across sectors.Investing in water storage infrastructure, such as dams and reservoirs, increases water availability during dry periods. Implementing watersaving technologies and encouraging practices like rainwater harvesting and wastewater reuse also contribute to mitigating the impacts of drought. Moreover, enhancing soil conservation practices, such as afforestation and conservation agriculture, can improve soil moisture retention and reduce the effects of drought on agriculture.In terms of adaptive measures, enhancing early warning systems, drought monitoring, and forecasting can enable timely preparedness and response actions. Government agencies, in collaboration with local communities, should develop drought contingency plans that outline water allocation priorities, emergency response measures, and alternative water sources. Diversifying water sources through investment in desalination plants, interbasin water transfers, and water recycling can help alleviate the impacts of drought.Building resilience to drought also requires raising awareness and educating the public about water conservation practices and sustainable water use. Encouraging behavioral changes and promoting watersaving habits at home, schools, and workplaces can contribute to longterm watersecurity. Additionally, supporting research and innovation in waterrelated technologies and practices can lead to more efficient and sustainable solutions for drought management.ConclusionDrought is a complex phenomenon that poses significant challenges to ecosystems, economies, and human wellbeing. Addressing the causes and impacts of drought requires a multidimensional approach that involves climate change mitigation, water management strategies, and adaptive measures. By implementing comprehensive and integrated solutions, societies can build resilience and ensure water security in the face of future drought events.。

地质专业词汇abandon 废弃abandoned mine 废弃矿山abatis 通风隔墙ablation 剥蚀ablation breccia 剥蚀角砾岩ablation moraine 消融碛ablation till 消融碛abnormal 异常的abnormal metamorphism 异常变质酌abrade 剥蚀abrasion 海蚀abrasion platform 磨蚀台地abrasion surface 浪蚀面abrasion terrace 磨蚀阶地abrazite 多水高岭土absarokite 正边玄武岩absolute age 绝对年龄absolute chronology 绝对年代学absolute dating 绝对年代测定absolute porosity 绝对孔隙率absolute pressure 绝对压力absorbed water 吸附水absorbent 吸收剂abundance 丰度abundance of elements 元素丰度abundance of isotopes 同位素丰度abundance ratio of isotopes 同位素相对丰度abysmal deposits 深海沉积物abyss 深海abyssal 深海的abyssal benthic zone 深渊底栖带abyssal deposits 深海沉积物abyssal facies 深海相abyssal hills province 深海丘陵区abyssal injection 深成贯入abyssal rock 深成岩abyssal sediments 深海沉积物accompanying mineral 伴生矿物accordion fold 棱角褶皱accretion 冲积层、增生楔accretion gley 结核潜育层acid base equilibrium 酸碱平衡acid humus 酸性腐殖质acid plagioclase 酸性斜长石acid rock 酸性岩acid soil 酸性土acid solution 酸性溶液acre foot 英亩英尺active volcano 活火山adit 平峒adjacent rock 围岩adjacent sea 边缘海adobe 灰质粘土age determination 时代鉴定age spectra 年龄谱agent of erosion 侵蚀力air volcano 气火山airborne electromagnetics 航空电磁法airborne magnetic prospecting 航空磁法勘探airborne magnetometer 航空地磁仪airborne remote sensing 航空遥感algae 藻类algal coal 藻煤alkali 碱alkali basaet 碱性玄武岩allochthonous 外来的allochthonous coal 异地生成煤alluvial 冲积的alluvial apron 山麓冲积扇alluvial channel 冲积河道alluvial deposit 冲积层alluvial fan 冲积扇alluvial plain 冲积平原alpides 阿尔卑斯造山带alpine orogeny 阿尔卑斯造山运动alpine type vein 阿尔卑斯型矿脉alpinotype tectonics 阿尔卑斯型构造alteration 蚀变alteration halo 蚀变晕altered mineral 蚀变矿物alternant 交替的alternating layers 互层ammonites 菊石类amount 总计amount of evaporation 蒸发量amount of precipitation 降水量ampelite 黄铁炭质页岩amygdaloidal 杏仁状的amygdaloidal structure 杏仁状构造analysis by sedimentation 沉积分析anamorphic zone 合成变质带anamorphism 合成变质ancient channel 古河道ancient landform 古地形angiospermous 被子的angiosperms 被子植物angle of inclination 倾斜角angle of strike 走向角度angle of subsidence 陷落角angular 有角的angular discordance 斜交不整合anhydrite 硬石膏arenaceous 砂屑的arenaceous rock 砂质岩arenaceous texture 砂质结构arenes 粗砂arenopelitic 砂泥质的arenose 粗砂质的argillaceous 泥质的argillaceous limestone 泥质灰岩argillite 泥岩argillization 泥化arid basin 干燥盆地arid peneplain 干旱准平原arid zone 干旱带aridity coefficient 干燥系数aridity index 干燥指数arithmetical averaging thickness 算术平均厚度ash free 无灰分的ash structure 火山灰构造asymmetrical 不对称的asymmetrical anticline 不对称背斜augen structure 眼状构造autochthonous 原地的autochthonous coal 原地生成煤autochthonous deposit 原地沉积autochthonous fold 原地褶皱aven 落水洞back swamp 河漫滩沼泽backfill 充填balance 平衡balance resources 表内储量band 带;夹层banded 带状的banded coal 条带状煤barren bed 哑层barren of coal 不含煤的basal complex 基底杂岩basal conglomerate 底砾岩basal sandstone 基底砂岩basal structure 基底构造basalt 玄武岩basanite 碧玄岩basement 基底basement nappe 基底推复体basin 盆地basite 基性岩bathyal deposit 次深海沉积bathyal facies 半深海相bathyal zone 半深海带beat 露头bed 层bed succesion 层序bed vein 板状脉bedded vein 板状脉bedding 层理bedding fault 层面断层bedding foliation 顺层面理bedding joint 层状节理bedding thrust 层面冲断层bedrock 基岩beds pattern 河床型式bench 海蚀平台bench mining 阶梯式开采bend 弯曲bending fold 弯曲褶皱benioff zone 贝尼奥夫夫带benthonic 底栖的benthos 底栖生物bentonic organism 底栖生物biochron 生物年代biochronology 生物年代学bioclast 生物碎屑岩bioclastic rock 生物碎屑岩biocoenose 生物群落biocoenosis 生物群落biotite 黑云母biotite andesite 黑云安山岩biotitization 黑云母化bismalith 岩柱bismuth 铋bismuth glance 辉铋矿bit 钻头bit pressure 钻压bit weight 钻压bitumen 沥青bituminization 沥青化bituminous coal 烟煤bituminous shale 沥青质页岩bitummen ratio 沥青比值black iron ore 磁铁矿black jack 铁闪锌矿black lead 石墨blast furnace 高炉blasthole 炮眼blasthole drilling 钻炮眼blasting 爆破blasting cap 雷管bleached zone 淋溶带blind fault 隐伏断层blind ore body 盲矿体blind shaft 盲井blind valley 盲谷blind zone 盲区block 滑车block and tackle 滑轮组block caving 分块崩开采法block mountain 断块山block movement 地块运动block structure 块状结构block upwarping 地块隆起blowaut 井喷blowing 井喷bog 沼地bog formation 沼泽化bog iron ore 沼铁矿bog peat 低位泥炭boghead 藻煤boghead coal 藻煤boiling line 钢丝绳bolson 干燥盆地bomb 火山弹bonanza 富矿体bore hole 钻孔bore pit 探井borer 钻工boring 钻进boring bar 钻杆boring bit 钻头boring head 钻头boring machine 钻机boring method 钻井方法boring pump 钻眼用泵boring rod 钻杆boring rod set 钻杆装置boring rope 钻机用的钢丝绳boring stick 土钻boring tube 钻管boring with line 钢绳冲唤钻进boudinage 香肠构造bouguer anomaly 布格异常bouguer gravity anomaly 布格重力异常boundary 边界boundary conditions 边界条件boundary layer 边界层boundary line 界线bourne 间歇河box fold 箱状褶皱brachy fold 短褶皱brachyanticline 短背斜brachysyncline 短向斜branch 枝branch line 支线branch vein 支脉bright coal 光亮型煤broad leaved forest 阔叶林broad leaved tree 阔叶树brown algae 褐藻类brown coal 褐煤brown mud 褐泥bryophyta 苔藓植物bryophytes 苔藓植物bryozoa 苔藓动物类bulk flotation 全浮选bulk sampling 大块取样burgy 煤粉burial metamorphism 埋藏变质buried karst 埋藏型岩溶butte 孤山cable belt 缆摔带运输机caking ability 粘结度caking coal 粘结煤caking index 粘结指数caking property 粘结性calc alkali granite 钙碱花岗岩calcite 方解石caledonian folding 加里东褶皱caledonian orogeny 加里东造山运动carat 克拉carbargillite 碳质页岩carboapatite 碳酸磷灰石carbohydrate 碳水化合物carbon 碳carbon compound 碳化合物carbonate 碳酸盐carbonate rock 碳酸盐岩carbonate sediments 碳酸盐质沉积carbonatite 碳酸盐岩carbonic period 石炭纪carboniferous 石炭纪的carboniferous period 石炭纪cataclasite 碎裂岩cataclastic 碎裂的catastrophic theory 灾变论catastrophism 灾变论category 类category of reserves 储量级别cavern 岩洞cavern water 溶洞水cavernous 洞穴状的caving 塌落caving line 崩落线cavity filling deposit 洞穴填充矿床cement bond logging 固井测井cement grout 水泥浆cement mortar 水泥砂浆cement seal 水泥封闭cement slurry 水泥浆cement substance 粘合质cement water factor 水灰比cement water ratio 水灰比cementation 胶结cementation borehole 水泥灌浆钻孔cementation zone 胶结带cementing 水泥灌浆cementum 水泥质cenozoic 新生代cenozoic era 新生代central plain 湖心平原central type volcano 中心式火山chain silicates 链硅酸盐chalk 上白垩纪;白垩chamber of ore 矿袋chambered vein 囊状矿脉champion vein 巨矿脉change in type of geosyncline 地槽类型转化channel precipitation 河道沉淀chert 燧石chronolithologic unit 年代地层单位chronologic scale 地质年代表chronology 年代学circum pacific 环太平洋的circum pacific calc alkaline petrographic province 环太平洋钙碱性岩石区civil engineering 土木工程clarain 亮煤clarite 亮煤clarke number 克拉克值clarodurite 微亮暗煤clasolite 碎屑岩cleat 割理clino unconformity 斜交不整合clinometer 地质罗盘closed fault 闭合断层closed fold 闭合褶皱closed joint 闭式节理cluster 群;串coal 煤coal accumulating basin 聚煤盆地coal accumulating palaeostructure 聚煤古构造coal analysis 煤分析coal ash fusion temperature 煤灰熔点coal ball 煤层石球coal basin 煤盆地coal bearing formation 含煤地层coal bearing property 含煤性coal bearing ratio 含煤系数coal carbonization 煤之碳化coal deposits 煤矿床coal diagenesis 煤成岩酌coal district 煤产地coal dressing 选煤coal field 煤田coal field gas 煤田气coal for gasification 气化用煤coal forming period 聚煤期coal forming process 成煤酌coal gas 煤气coal geology 煤炭地质学coal measures 煤系coal metamorphism 煤变质酌coal mine 煤矿coal miner 煤矿工coal mining 采煤coal oil mixture 煤焦油混合物coal petrology 煤岩学coal preserving structure 赋煤构造coal property 煤质coal reserves 煤储量coal seam 煤层coalescing alluvial fan 复合冲积扇coalification 煤化酌coalification jump 煤化酌跃变coalman 煤矿工coaly 含煤的coarse grained texture 粗粒结构coarse sand 粗砂coarsness 粗粒度coastal plain 海滨平原coastal sand dune 海岸沙丘coastal terrace 海岸阶地coastal vegetation 海滨植被coastline 海岸线coating 覆盖层code minier 矿山法则code of stratigraphic nomenclature 地层命名法规coeffcient of volume compressibility 体积压缩系数coefficient 系数coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数coefficient of consolidation 固结系数coefficient of discharge 量系数coefficient of elasticity 弹性系数coefficient of expansion 膨胀系数coefficient of friction 摩擦系数coefficient of permeability 渗透系数coefficient of relaxation 松弛系数coefficient of restitution 抗冲系数coefficient of safety 安全系数coefficient of uniformity 均匀系数coefficient of variation 变化系数coefficient of variation of grade 品位变化系数coefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数coeruleite 铜矿coke 焦炭coke button 焦渣coking 焦化coking capacity 结焦性coking coal 炼焦煤coking property 结焦性coking quality 结焦性collapse 崩落collapse basin 塌陷盆地collapse caldera 塌陷破火山口collapse doline 塌陷漏斗collapse lake 塌陷湖colony 群体columnar ore shoot 矿柱columnar section 地层柱状剖面图columnar structure 柱状构造compaction 压缩compaction fold 致密褶皱compensate 补偿compensating method 补偿法compensation 补偿compensation depth 补偿深度compensation point 补偿点compensation water 补偿水compensator 补偿器complex fault 复断层complex fold 复褶皱complex rock 复合岩concentrating mill 选矿厂concentration 浓度concentration gradient 浓度梯度concession 开采权condition of similarity 相似条件conditional equilibrium 条件平衡conditional instability 条件性不稳定性conduit 火山口conformable 整合的conformable contact 整合接触conjugate faults 共轭断层conjugate point 共轭点conjugate shear planes 共轭剪切面conjugate stress 共轭应力conjugated joint 共轭节理contact metamorphic deposit 接触变质矿床contact metamorphic zone 接触变质带contact metamorphism 接触变质contact metasomatism 接触交代contact mineral 接触矿物contact plane 接触面contemporaneous 同时的contemporaneous deformation structure 同生变形构造contemporaneous erosion 同时侵蚀contemporaneous fault 同生断层contemporaneous heterotopic facies 同时异相content 品位content of gas 瓦斯含量continental facies 陆相continental flysch formation 陆相复理式建造continental river 大陆河continental sea 内陆海continental sediment 陆相沉积continental shelf 陆棚continental slope 大陆坡coral 珊瑚core 岩心core analysis 岩心分析core bit 岩心钻头core boring method 取心钻探法core breaker 岩心提取器core drill 岩心钻core drilling 岩心钻进core extractor 岩心提取器core grabber 岩心爪correlation of coal seams 煤层对比correlation of strata 地层对比correlation table 对比表craton 稳定地块cratonization 克拉通化酌cretaceous period 白垩纪crozzling coal 炼焦煤crude oil 原油crust of weathering 风化壳crustal fault 地壳断裂cryptodome 潜圆丘cryptovolcanic structure 潜火山构造cryptozoic eons 隐生宙crystal 晶体cuticle 角质层cuticular 表皮的debris 岩屑debris cone 冲积锥debris soil 岩屑土deep focus earthquake 深源地震deep fold 基底褶曲deep karst channel 深岩溶洞deep sea deposit 深海沉积deep sea drilling 大洋钻探deep sea floor 深海底deep seated weathering 深层风化deep seismic sounding dss 深地震测深deep weathering 深层风化deep well drilling 深孔钻进deep well turbine pump 深钻孔涡轮泵defile 山谷deflation 风蚀deformation 应变deformation band 变形带degasify 脱瓦斯degass 脱瓦斯degree of hardness 硬度delta 三角洲delta deposit 三角洲沉积delta lake 三角洲湖deltaic coast 三角洲海岸dendrochronology 年轮年代学deposit of sedimentary origin 沉积成因矿床deposition factor 沉积因子deposition rate 沉积速度depositional surface 沉积面depositional system 沉积体系desert deposit 沙漠沉积物desert lake 沙漠湖development machine 掘进机development well 确定油田边界的井devonian 泥盆纪devonian period 泥盆纪dewater 排水dewatering 脱水dewatering pump 排水泵diameter of bore 钻孔直径diameter of particles 粒径diamond anvile 金刚石测钻diamond bit 金刚石钻头diamond boring 金刚石钻进diamond drilling 金刚石钻进diamond drilling bit 金刚石钻头discordance 不整合discordant 不整一的discordant age 不整合年龄discordant batholith 不整合岩基discordant bedding 不整合层理discordant injection 不整合侵入discordant intrusive 不整合侵入岩体dislocation 断层dislocation breccia 断层角砾岩dislocation metamorphism 断错变质dome 穹顶dome mountain 穹形山dome shaped fold 穹状褶皱dome shaped volcano 穹状火山dome structure 穹窿构造dormant volcano 休火山drill hole 钻孔drill rig 钻机drill rod 钻杆drill steel 钻钢drill stem 钻杆driller's log 钻井记录drilling bit 钻头drilling derrick 钻塔drilling exploration 钻探drilling rig 钻机drilling technique 钻探技术drilling template 井口盘drilling unit 钻井装置drilling with direct circulation of mud 泥浆正向循环钻进drillings 钻孔碎屑dry analysis 干法分析dry gas 干瓦斯durain 暗煤dyas 二迭系dyke 岩脉dynamic geology 动力地质学dynamic geomorphology 动力地貌学galery 巷道gangue 脉石gangue rock 脉石岩gap 峡谷;间隙;海谷gap in the succession of strata 地层间断gas coal 气煤gas flame coal 长焰煤gasify 煤气化enetic type of ore deposit 矿床成因类型genetic types of coal 煤成因类型geoanticline 地背斜geoarchaeology 地质考古学geoastronomy 宇宙地质学geobarometer 地质压力计geobasin 地盆geochemical 地球化学的geochemical anomaly 地球化学异常geochemical balance 地球化学均衡geochemical behavior 地球化学性状geochemical behaviour of elements 元素的地球化学性状geochronology 地质年代学geochronometry 地质年代测定法geodynamics 地质力学geogeny 地球成因学geographical latitude 地理纬度geographical longitude 地理经度geologic setting 地质构造geologic time 地质年代geological age 地质时代geological background 地质背景geological compass 地质罗盘geological conditions 地质条件geological record 地质编录geological reserves 地质储量geological section 地质剖面geological survey 地质勘查geotectonic map 大地构造图geotectonics 大地构造学gneiss 片麻岩gneissic 片麻状的grade of coal 煤级grance coal 光亮型煤granite 花岗岩grit 粗砂岩grout 水泥浆guyot 平顶海山hand drilling 人工打钻heading machine 掘进机high moor 高位沼泽high volatile bituminous coal a 气煤high volatile bituminous coal b 长焰煤high volatile bituminous coal c 焰煤hillside creep 滑坡hoist 升起hoisting cable 提升铜丝绳hoisting crane 升降起重机hole boring 井孔钻进hole deviation 钻眼偏斜hole drilling 井孔钻进hole mouth 井口hole size 钻孔直径holespacing 炮眼间距holocene 全新世horizontal angle 水平角horizontal fault 水平断层horizontal slip 水平滑动horizontal stratum 水平岩层horst 地垒horst block mountain 地垒式断块山humate 腐殖酸盐humic acid 胡敏酸humic coal 腐殖煤humification 腐殖化humin 胡敏素huminite 腐殖煤humosapropelic coal 腐殖腐泥煤humus 腐殖质hydrogeochemical prospecting 水文地球化学勘探hydrostatic pressure 静水压力hydrothermal deposit 热液矿床hypabyssal 半深成的hypautochthonous coal 微异地生成煤hypsographic map 等高线地形图ice age 冰期ice barrier 冰障ice cap 冰帽idiochromatic 自色的igneous 火成的igneous rock 火成岩imbricate 叠瓦状imbricated fault 叠瓦状断层imbricated structure 叠瓦构造imbricated texture 叠瓦状结构immediate roof 直接顶immerse 浸入impact 冲击碰撞impact crusher 冲撞破碎机impermeability 不渗透性impermeable seam 不透水层impervious bed 不透水层impervious horizon 不透水层impregnate 浸染impregnated structure 浸染状构造impregnation 浸透impregnation deposit 浸染矿床impsonite 焦性沥青incipient peneplain 初期准平原incipient peneplane 初期准平原inclination 倾角inclined bed 倾斜层inclined boring 倾斜钻进inclined drilling 倾斜钻进inclined fold 歪斜褶皱inclined plane 倾斜面inclined seam 斜矿层inclined shaft 斜井inclined slice 倾斜分层incompetent bed 弱岩层induced fan 抽风机induced infiltration 诱导渗透industrial classification of coal 煤工业分类industrial grade 工业品位inferred reserves 推算储量infrastructure 下层构造infusorial earth 硅藻土ingression 海侵inherent ash 固有灰分initial dip 原始倾斜initial form 原始地形inland 内地inland basin 内陆盆地inland lake 内陆湖inland sea 内海inlet 峡湾interbedded 夹层的interbedded stratum 夹层interbedding 互层intercalary strata 夹层intercontinental sea 陆间海intercratonic basin 克拉通内盆地interglacial 间冰期的interglacial epoch 间冰期interior basin 内陆盆地interlayer 夹层intermediate hinterland 中间地块intermediate massif 中间地块intermediate rock 中性岩intermount basin 山间盆地interpolation 内插法interregional unconformity 区域不整合intrusion 侵入intrusive rock 侵入岩inverted fold 倒转褶皱inverted order 倒转层位isobath 等深线isohypse 等高线isopach 等厚线isopach map 等厚图isotopic age determination 用同位素的时代测定isotopic analysis 同位素分析isotopic dating 用同位素的时代测定jack hammer 凿岩锤jet 煤精joint 节理;关节joint set 节理组joint surface 节理面jura 侏罗纪jurassic period 侏罗纪kaolin 高岭土kaolinite 高岭石karst 岩溶karst denudation plane 岩溶剥蚀面karst landform 岩溶地貌karst landscape 岩溶景观karstenite 硬石膏katamorphism 碎裂变质katazone 深变质带kink 弯曲kink fold 折带褶曲lacuna 地层缺失lacustrine deposits 湖沉积lacustrine formation 湖积建造lacustrine terrace 湖成阶地lagoon 泻湖lagoon deposits 泻湖沉积lagoon sediments 泻湖沉积land facies 陆相land subsidence 地盘沉陷latitude 纬度lava 熔岩lava bed 熔岩层lava cascade 熔岩瀑布lava column 熔岩柱lava cone 熔岩锥lava crater 熔岩火口lava dome 熔岩穹丘lava flood 熔岩泛lava flow 熔岩流lava sheet 熔岩席layer of shale 夹层layered gneiss 层状片麻岩llead lead method 铅法年龄测定lead zinc ore 铅锌矿leaf by leaf injection 层层侵入legend 图例lens 扁豆状矿体lensoid ore body 透镜状矿体leucocrate 淡色岩leucocratic rock 淡色岩levee 天然堤level 水准level surface 水准面lignification 褐煤化lignified 褐煤化的lignite 褐煤limb 翼limb of fold 褶皱翼limestone 石灰岩limestone cave 灰岩洞linear fold 线状褶皱linked vein 链状矿脉liptobiolith 残植煤lit by lit injection 层层贯入lit par lit intrusion 间层侵入lithofacies 岩相lithofacies map 岩相图lithogenesis 岩石成因lithosphere 岩石圈lithospheric fault 岩圈断裂lithotype 煤岩类型littoral terrace 海滨阶地local unconformity 局部不整合log 钻孔柱状图;测井记录log interpretation 测井记录解释logging 测井long flame coal 长焰煤low volatile bituminous coal 低挥发分烟煤low volatile coal 低挥发分煤lump coal 块煤maceral 煤显微组分macrosporangium 大孢子囊macrospore 大孢子macrosporophyll 大孢子叶macrostratigraphy 宏观地层学macrostructure 宏观结构magma 岩浆magmatic rock 岩浆岩magnetic north 磁北magnetite 磁铁矿malachite 孔雀石malacolite 白透辉石mantle 地幔map interlinking 接图marginal sea 边缘海marginal trough 边缘地槽marine deposit 海洋沉积marine erosion 海蚀marl 泥灰岩marlaceous face 泥灰岩相marsh 沼泽marsh peat 湿地泥炭massif 地块massive 块状的massive coal 块煤mature 成孰的mature stage 壮年期mature valley 壮年谷maturity 壮年期maximum basin relief 最大盆地起伏meadow 草地meagre coal 贫煤measuring reel 卷尺measuring stick 量尺measuring tape 卷尺measuring tube 量筒mechanical weathering 机械风化medium grained sand 中粒沙medium grained texture 中粒结构medium sand 中砂medium thickness seam 中厚层medium volatile bituminous coal 中度挥发烟煤megabreccia 巨形角砾岩meridian 子午线meridional circulation 经向环流meridional structural system 经向构造体系mesocrate 中色岩mesocratic 中色的mesodialyte 中性石mesogeosyncline 陆间地槽meta ripples 不对称波痕metallogenic epoch 成矿时代metallogenic factors 成矿因素metallogenic map 成矿图metallogenic province 成矿区metallogeny 矿床成因论metamorphic 变质的metamorphic deposit 变质矿床metamorphic diffusion 变质扩散酌metamorphic event 变质事件metamorphic facies 变质相metamorphic grade 变质程度metamorphic map 变质图metamorphic reaction 变质反应metamorphic rock 变质岩metasomatism 交代metasomatosis 交代变质metasome 交代矿物mica 云母microspore 小孢子microtectonics 显微构造mid oceanic ridge 洋中脊mid oceanic ridge basalt 中央海脊玄武岩mill 选矿厂mineragenetic province 成矿区mineral 矿物mineral assemblage 矿物集合mineral association 矿物组合mineral composition 矿物成分mineral deposit 矿床mineral occurrence 矿点mineral resources 矿石储量;矿产资源mineralized zone 矿化带minimum mining content 最小可采品位minimum mining thickness 最小可采厚度minimum mining width 最小可采厚度minimum temperature 最低温度minimum workable grade 最低可采品位minimum workable thickness 最低可采厚度mining 矿业;采矿mining losses 开采损失mining right 采矿权miocene 中新世moisture content 水分含量moisture content of coal 煤水分monoclinal 单钭的monoclinal fold 单斜褶皱monoclinal mountain 单面山morass 沼泽moss bog 藓类沼泽mountain range 山脉mountain ridge 山脊mountain system 山系muscovite 白云母muscovite schist 白云母片岩nappe 推复体natrium 钠natural asphalt 天然沥青natural coke 天然焦炭neo ice age 新冰期neogene 新近纪neutral humus 中性腐殖质nickel 镍nickel ore 镍矿nonbedded 非成层的noncoking coal 非粘结性煤nonconformity 不整合normal fault 正断层normal fold 正褶皱normal order 正常层序normal succession 正常层序north latitude 北纬north pole 北极obduction 仰冲obduction plate 仰冲板块obduction zone 仰冲带oblique fault 斜断层oblique fold 斜卧褶皱oblique joint 斜节理offshore 外滨offshore bar 滨外洲oligocene 渐新世onlap 海侵超覆open cut mining 露天采矿open cut ore mine 露天开采矿山open hearth 平炉open pit method 露天开采法ophiolite 蛇绿岩ophiolite formation 蛇绿岩建造ordovician 奥陶纪ore 矿石ore bed 矿层ore deposit 矿床ore dilution 矿石贫化ore formation 矿石建造ore pillar 矿柱ore reserve 矿储藏量orogen 造山地带orogenesis 造山运动orogenic cycle 造山旋回overfold 倒转褶皱overland flow 表面径流overland runoff 地表径流overlap 超复overlying strata 覆层overlying strata of coal measures 煤系盖层overthrust 逆掩断层overthrust block 掩冲体overthrust mass 掩冲体overthrust plane 逆掩断层面overthrust sheet 逆掩层overthrusting plate 上冲板块overturn 倒转overturned anticline 倒转背斜overturned fold 倒转褶皱overturned succession of strata 倒转层序oxidation zone 氧化带oxidation zone of sulphide deposits 硫化物矿床氧化带oxygen content of coal 煤中氧paired metamorphic belt 双变质带paleogene 古近纪paleogeographical map 古地理图paleostructure 古构造paleotectonic 古构造的paleotypal 古相的paleozoic era 古生代paludal 沼泽的paludification 沼泽化paraclase 断层裂缝paraconformity 似整合parallel faults 平行断层parallel folding 平行褶皱parallel growth 平行共生parallel unconformity 假整合parallel vein 平行脉parent rock 母岩pay dirt 可采矿石pay ore 可采矿石peat 泥炭peat bog 泥炭沼泽peat formation 泥炭形成pegmatite 伟晶岩pegmatite deposit 伟晶岩矿床pelagic deposit 深海沉积pelagic facies 远海相pelagic sediment 远海沉积物pelite 泥质岩pelitic 泥质的pelitic rock 泥质岩peneplain 准平原percussion rotary boring 冲积钻钻探percussive rotary drilling 冲积钻钻探periclinal 穹状的periclinal structure 穹状构造peridot 橄榄石peridotite 橄榄岩period 纪periostracum 角质层permian 二叠纪permian period 二叠纪petrofacies 岩相petrographical formation 岩层petrographical province 岩区petrography 岩石学petroleum 石油phreatic rise 地下水上升phreatic zone 潜水带phyllite 千枚岩phyllitic 千枚状的piedmont 山麓piedmont alluvial plain 山前冲积平原piedmont benchland 山麓阶地piedmont glacier 山麓冰川piedmont plain 山麓冲积平原pillow lava 枕状熔岩pillow like 枕状的pillow structure 枕状构造pistacite 绿帘石placer deposit 砂积矿床plain 平原plain of accumulation 堆积平原plain of denudation 剥蚀平原plain of marine erosion 海蚀平原plant ash 植物灰plate 板plate collision 板块碰撞plate kinematics 板块运动学plate margin 板块边缘plate movement 板块运动plate tectonics 板块构造plateau 高原plateau basalt 高原玄武岩platform 台地platform anteclise 台背斜pluvial age 洪积时期polder 堤围泽地possible ore 可能矿量possible reserves 可能储量post glacial age 冰期后的时期post glacial period 冰后期precambrian 前寒武纪primary peneplain 始准平原primary sedimentary structure 原始沉积构造primeval forest 原始森林primitive 原始的probable reserves 可能储量process of crustal movement 地壳运动过程prognostic map 预测图proluvial fan 洪积扇prospect hole 勘探钻孔prospect opening 勘探巷道prospect pit 探井prospect shaft 勘探立井prospect tunnel 勘探平硐prospecting 勘探prospecting bore 勘探钻孔prospecting by drilling 钻进勘探prospecting pit 勘探试坑prospecting well 探井proved ore 证实的矿量proved reserves a级储量proximate analysis of coal 煤工业分析psammite 砂质岩psammitic 砂屑的psammitic rock 砂质岩psephitic 砾状的psephitic rock 砾质岩pulverized coal 粉煤pyrite 黄铁矿quarry 采石场quarrying 露天开采quarternary 第四纪quartz 石英quartz crystal 水晶rain print 雨痕rain rill 雨沟rate of production 生产率rate of recovery 回采率rate of sedimentation 沉淀速度rate of subsidence 沉陷速度raw coal 原煤recovery 回收;采取recovery factor 岩心采取率recovery hook 打捞钩recovery ratio 回采率recrement 矸石reef 礁regression 海退regression analysis 回归分析regressive sequence 海退层序rejects 尾矿relative age 相对时代retrogradation 海蚀后退reverse fault 逆断层rhythm 韵律ridge 海岭riebeckite 钠闪石rift 裂谷rift belt 裂谷带rift valley 中央裂谷rift zone 裂谷带rig 钻探设备right angle 直角rill 小溪rock facies 岩相rock formation 岩系rotary bit 旋转式钻头rotary boring 回转钻探rotary drill 旋转钻机rotary drilling machine 旋转钻机row 煤层run 走向run of mine coal 原煤run of mine ore 原矿rutile 金红石sac shaped 囊状的safe yield 可靠产量sag 凹陷salt dome 盐丘salt lake 盐湖salt marsh 咸沼;盐沼saprolite 腐泥土sapropel 腐殖泥sapropelic coal 腐泥煤sapropelic groundmass 腐泥基质sapropelite 腐泥岩sapropelites 腐泥岩sapropelitic group 腐泥化组saprophages 腐生物saprophytes 腐生物sapropsammite 砂质腐泥scaffold 脚手架schist 片岩schistosity 片理sea level 海平面sea level fluctuation 海面升降sea water intrusion 海水浸入seam floor 底盘seam roof 顶盖岩seam thickness 层厚secondary recovery 二次开采sediment 沉积sedimentary cover 沉积盖层sedimentary cycle 沉积旋回sedimentary deposit 沉积矿床sedimentary formation 沉积建造sedimentary mantle 沉积盖层sedimentary model of coal 煤沉积模式sedimentary nappe 沉积推复体sedimentary rock 沉积岩sedimentary structure 沉积构造sedimentary system 沉积体系sedimentation basin 沉积盆地sedimentation rate 沉淀速度semianthracite 半无烟煤semibituminous coal 半沥青煤semibright coal 半亮煤semidull coal 半暗煤serpentine 蛇纹石serpentite 蛇纹石shield 地盾shiver 页岩siderite 菱铁矿silt 粉砂silting 淤积siltstone 粉砂岩silurian 志留纪slate 板岩slide 滑动slide fault 滑动断裂slime 淤泥sphenoid 楔状sphenolith 岩楔spongy parenchyma 海绵组织spongy spicule 海绵骨针spongy structure 海绵构造spontaneous combustion of coal 煤自燃发火spore 孢子spore bearing plants 孢子植物spore coal 孢子煤spore coat 孢壁sporinite 孢子体sporinitic liptobiolith 孢子残殖煤stable humus 稳定腐植质steep fault 陡角断层steep slope 高倾斜steepness 陡度strand deposits 沿滨沉积strata 地层stratiform 层状的stratiform ore deposit 层状矿床stratigraphic overlap 地层超复stream bed 河床stream channel 河道sstrike 走向strike fault 走向断层strike joint 走向节理strike line 走向线sublittoral zone 潮下带submarine coal field 海底煤田sulfur content of coal 煤中硫量sulfur metasomatism 硫交代table mount 平顶海山table mountain 平顶山table reef 平顶礁tail 尾tail assay 尾料分析tail fin 尾tailings 尾渣tailings grade 尾矿品位talc 滑石talus 山麓talus breccia 倒石锥角砾岩tar sand 沥青沙taxite 斑杂岩technologic properties of coal 煤工艺性tectogene 深坳槽tectonic 构造的tectonic axis 构造轴tectonic basin 构造盆地tectonic facies 构造相tectonic level 构造层位tectonic map 大地构造图temperate climate 温带气候temperate lake 温带湖temperate zone 温带tendency 倾向tensile force 张力tensile strength 抗张强度tensile stress 张应力tension 张力tension deep fracture 张性深断裂tension fracture 张破裂tension joint 张节理terrestrial facies 陆相terrestrial sediments 陆地沉积层terrigenous deposit 陆源沉积test boring 勘探钻井test hole 探井test piece 试验片test pit 探井test well 探井theodolite 经纬仪theory of isostasy 地壳均衡说theory of pediplanation 山麓剥蚀平原学说theory of polycycle 多旋回说thermal capacity 热容量thin bed 薄层thin out of coal seam 煤层尖灭three dimensional seismic method 三维地震勘探法thrust 逆冲断层thrust fault 逆冲断层thrust plane 逆逆断层面tidal current 潮流tidal delta 潮汐三角洲tidal efficiency 潮汐率tidal terrace 后滨阶地tidal zone 潮汐带tide 潮汐tilt 倾斜tilted aquifer 倾斜含水层tilted block 倾斜地块tilted stratum 倾斜层top slicing system 下向分层采矿法topographic map 地形图topography 地形学topset bed 顶积层transgression 海进transgressive injection 不整合侵入transgressive overlap 海侵超覆transgressive unconformity 海侵不整合triassic 三叠期triassic period 三迭纪tropical climate 热带气候tropical lake 热带湖tropical zone 热带true dip 真倾角true thickness 真厚度turf 泥炭turfary 泥炭沼泽ultimate analysis of coal 煤炭元素分析ultimate plain 终平原ultrabasic rock 超基性岩ultrabasite 超基性岩unconformable 不整合的unconformity 不整合underground gasification of coal 煤炭地下气化underground water 地下水underhand stoping 下向梯段回采underlying bed 下伏层underlying seam 下层unsymmetric fold 不对称褶皱upland 高地upland moor 高位沼泽uplifted plain 上升平原upper confining bed 上覆隔水层upper roof 老顶upstream water 上层带水vadose zone 通气层valley 谷valley bog 河谷沼泽valley fill 河谷填积valley glacier 谷冰川valuation 评价vegetable mould 沼泽泥vegetable remains 植物残余vegetation zone 植被带vein 矿脉vein deposit 脉矿床venner rock 表层vent 火山口vibrator 振动器振子vibratory drilling 振动钻进vibratory percussive drilling 振动冲魂井vibratory rotary drilling 振动旋转钻井vitrain 光亮型煤vitrinite 镜质组vitrite 微镜煤volatile 挥发性的volatile components 挥发组分volatile content 挥发组分含量volcanic 火山的volcanic arc 火山岛弧volcanic ash 火山灰volcanic ash soil 火山灰土volcanic association 火山岩组合wall 墙壁wall rock alteration 围岩蚀变water separator 脱水器。

必修一专题二复习提纲部门： xxx时间： xxx整理范文，仅供参考，可下载自行编辑专题二 从海水中获得的化学物质b5E2RGbCAP第一单元 氯、溴、碘及其化合物一 氯气的生产原理,氯气的性质<一）氯气的性质和用途氯自1774年被舍勒发现，到1810年被戴维确认为一种元素，经历了36年。

工业上制取氯气的实验原理： 实验室制备：①原理：②装置： 固液加热 型 ③收集方法：向上排空气法△TiCl过CaC(耐火材熔△造纸、制卤Ca(焰火，照Mg(OCl 2食④检验：湿润的淀粉碘化钾试纸等⑤尾气吸收：溶液。

1、物理性质：色、密度比空气_____、有气味气体，能溶于水，有毒。

2、化学性质：氯原子易电子，是活泼的非金属元素。

氯气与金属、非金属等反应时一般作剂<1）Cl2与金属反应和Fe反应_________________________________铁丝在氯气中燃烧，产生______色烟<烟为FeCl3固体），由此可见Cl2的氧化性很强，可将Fe氧化成＋3价。

但在常温下，干燥的氯不与铁反应，故可用钢瓶贮存、运输液氯。

Cl2还可以与活泼金属钠及不活泼金属铜等大多数金属反应。

(一般生成最高价金属氯化物><2）Cl2与非金属反应和H2反应_____________ ____________说明：①纯净的H2在Cl2中可以安静的燃烧，发出火焰，在瓶口处有生成。

②H2和Cl2混合后光照或点燃都会_________。

③工业上制取HCl就是利用H2在Cl2中燃烧来制取的。

<3）氯气与水反应①氯气溶于水后可得到氯水 ___________________________氯水的成分：新制的氯水中存在等多种微粒，久置氯水即稀盐酸。

②HClO性质Ⅰ．HClO不稳定，见光或受热易分解：。

Ⅱ．次氯酸具有漂白作用。

次氯酸具有强氧化性，可使有机色质氧化成无色物质，具有漂白性。

Ⅲ．次氯酸具有强氧化性，所以可用氯气对自来水进行消毒。

TOEFL分类词汇1 地理 GEOGRAPHY geography geographer hemisphere meridianparallellatitudelongitude elevationaltitudetemperate latitudes horizonequatortropicsArcticAntarctic(Antarctica) expeditiontime zone topographyplain plateau (highland)lowlandbasincavern (cave)terrainsubterranean ( underground)coastlandislandcontinental islandvolcanic islandcoral islandisletpeninsularcontinentcontinental shelfrangesvalleycanyonchannel (strait)remote-sensingterrestrialterrestrial heat (geothermal)terrestrial magnetism(geomagnetism)continental driftsea-floor spreadingevaporationsalinityocean bottomsedimenttropicaltemperatefrigidformationfrost heavingfieldstoneGrainCrystallizeSplit2地质类geologygeologistcrustmantlecorecontinental crustoceanic crustlayer (stratum,复数strata) platefaultfault planefault zonerift (crack; split) disintegration (decomposition) erosionfossiligneous rocksedimentary rock metamorphic rockquartz limestonemarblegranitelithospheremagmamineraloredepositplatinumsilvercopperaluminumtinleadzincnickelmercurysodiumgemdiamondemeraldrubyglacialglacial epoch ( age, period)glacial drifticebergvolcanoactive volcanoextinct volcanodormant volcanoeruptioncraterlavavolcanic dustvolcanic ashearthquake ( quake; tremor;seism)seismicseismologymagnitudeseismic wavecataclysm3天文类1 ASTRONOMY astronomyastronomicalastronomical observatory astronomerastrophysicsastrologypseudosciencecosmos(universe) cosmologyinfinitecosmiccosmic radiationcosmic rayscelestialcelestial body (heavenly body) celestial map (sky atlas) celestial spheredwarf (dwarf star)quasarconstellationgalaxy (Milky Way)clustersolar systemsolar coronasolar eclipsesolar radiationplanetplanetoid (asteroid)revolvetwinkle naked eyeMercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusoriginateterrestrialNeptunePlutoorbitspinsatellitelunarmeteormeteor showermeteoroidmeteoritecometspaceman ( astronaut)space suitspace shuttlespace telescopeastronautstarstellarintergalacticinterstellarinterplanetaryasteroidnebulaspace debrisammoniacoronaleap yearrotationanalogymethanealcoholfractionincorporateround offderivechromospherephotospheredebrisconvection zonevacuuminfrared rayabsolute magnituderadiationemissionhigh-resolution4考古，人类anthropologist paleoanthropologist originoriginate ancestorhominid homogeneous tribeclan archeologist excavation excavate (unearth) ruinsremainsartifactrelicantiqueStone Age Bronze AgeIron Age Paleolithic Mesolithic Neolithic archaeology anthropology morphologyskullcranial 5生态类ecologistecosystembalance (of nature)faunaflorarain forestfood chainacid raingreenhouse effectinfrared radiationozone layer (ozonosphere)ultraviolet radiationpollution-freepollutantnoxious (toxic)fumeswastesolid wastesewage (wastewater)sewage purificationsewage disposaldecibel6气象类meteorologistforecast (predict)climateatmospheretropospherecurrentvaporevaporatedamp (wet; moist; humid)humiditymoisturesaturatedewfrostfog (mistsmogdropletcondensecrystaldownpour (torrential rain)tempest (storm)drizzleshowerhailblizzard (snowstorm)avalanche (snowslide)precipitationbreezegaletyphoonhurricanetornado (twister, cyclone)funneldisaster (calamity, catastrophe)devastationsubmergedrought7化学类chemistrychemical propertychemical composition ( makeup ) chemical agentchemical reactionchemical changechemical apparatussubstance (matter; material) elementperiodic tablehydrogenoxygennitrogenheliumcarboncalciumsiliconsulfuriodinecompoundhydrocarbonderivativealchemypetroleum (oil)petroleum productscrude oilrefinegasolinemethanesolutiondissolvesolventsolubilitycohesiveadhesiveatomnucleuselectronneutronprotonmoleculeparticleion catalysiscatalystartificialsyntheticsynthetic fiberpolymerpolymerizationplasticdyecosmetics8物理类PHYSICSphysicsmechanicsthermodynamicsacousticselectromagnetismopticsdynamicsforcevelocityaccelerationequilibriumstaticsmotioninertiagravitationrelativitygravityvibrationmedium (media)frequencywavelengthpitchintensityechoresonancesonarultrasonicselectricitystatic electricitymagnetismmagnetelectromagnetmagnetic fielddirect current (DC)alternating current (AC)electric circuitelectric chargeelectric voltageelectric shockelectric applianceconductorinsulatorsemiconductorbattery (cell)dry batterystorage batteryelectronicselectronic component (part)integrated circuitchipelectron tubevacuum tubetransistoramplificationamplifyamplifieroscillationopticaloptical fiberlensconvexconcavemicroscopetelescopemagnifierspectrumultravioletX rays Xinfrared raysmicrowavesdispersiontransparenttranslucentopaque9数学类MATHEMA TICSmathematicsmathematiciancalculation calculator abacus numeralsumtotal (sum total) aggregate decimaldigit percentage additionplus subtraction minus multiplication multiplytimespowersquare division divide algebra quantity equation formularoot geometry geometric dimension parallel quadrilateral square rectangle polygoncubevolume spherecircleellipse (oval) cone 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这篇文章是用来测量马铃薯在微波和对流干燥进程中的质量和结构转变。

微波炉通过改良后，选择微波或对流干燥模式干燥样品。

脱水马铃薯样品的质量品质以抗坏血酸残留量（VC）、复水能力和具有收缩性的结构为准。

抗坏血酸马铃薯品质的重要指标，且与热变性有关。

抗坏血酸的恶化标志着一级反映情形，进一步的研究说明，取决于空气温度、微波力、湿度含量。

在微波干燥样品中，VC含量破坏减少。

样品的体积皱缩度显示其与湿度的线性关系。

在对流加工进程中，样品自始至终都会显现收缩性，但是，咱们却发觉微波干燥有两个收缩周期。

微波干燥样品有更高的复水能力。

关键词：对流干燥; 微波干燥; 马铃薯; 复水; 缩水; 维生素C目录1.简介1.简介在微波加工进程中，食物品质是消费者关注的重要指标之一。

微波干燥食物能够提高复杂的化学转换、化学反映。

,这些反映能够致使维生素的分解，脂肪氧化和美拉德反映。

而这些反映机制能够受浓度、温度、水分活度（aw）阻碍()。

经调查研究发觉，在微波烹饪中维生素会有所减少。

曾研究讨论了微波食物及其相关食料的作用阻碍，微波量子能在各能级范围内比其他形式的电磁能（X- 和γ-射线）能量都低，也就使得分子和化学集团彼此作用从而引发化学转变。

把热灵敏和水溶性的维生素C 、B1和B2作为指示器来定性分析化学转变。

食物在微波炉中的烫熟、加热和再加热进程中其维生素残留量可与常规加热方式相较较。

研究发觉抗坏血酸的破坏速度随着aw值增加而增加，在解吸附系统中由于粘度的降低破坏速度会大大增加()。

研究发觉，在复水食物体系中，抗坏血酸的稳固性受水分活度、湿度、氧气、贮藏温度的阻碍。

在本文贮藏条件下，抗坏血酸的损失量与一级反映作用相一致。

研究发觉，真空微波干燥胡萝卜的VC残留量比空气微波干燥的残留量大。

也发觉了，秋菊微波干燥的抗坏血酸破坏量小。

原料内部电子能的消耗会产生热不平稳状态，从而引发不同反映，可是传统加热方式那么不然。

应用微波能够改良干燥速度，这能够说明为微波可诱导产生压力梯度，加速热移动进程从而改善产品的物理性质。

土壤修复的英文顶刊There are several top journals in the field of soil remediation. Some of the prominent ones include:1. Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T): This journal covers a wide range of environmental science topics, including soil remediation. It publishes research articles, reviews, and perspectives on various aspects of soil remediation techniques, technologies, and case studies.2. Journal of Environmental Quality (JEQ): JEQ focuses on the quality of soil, water, and air resources. It publishes research articles, technical notes, and reviews related to soil remediation practices, including soil contamination assessment, remediation strategies, and monitoring techniques.3. Chemosphere: Chemosphere is an interdisciplinary journal that covers a broad range of environmental science topics, including soil remediation. It publishes originalresearch articles, reviews, and short communications on the assessment and remediation of contaminated soils, as well as the fate and transport of contaminants in soil environments.4. Environmental Pollution: This journal publishes research articles, reviews, and short communications on various aspects of environmental pollution, including soil contamination and remediation. It covers topics such assoil pollution assessment, risk assessment, and innovative remediation technologies.5. Soil Science Society of America Journal (SSSAJ): SSSAJ is a leading journal in the field of soil science. It publishes research articles, technical notes, and reviews on various aspects of soil remediation, including soil physics, chemistry, and biology, as well as the application of remediation techniques to restore soil health.These journals provide comprehensive coverage of soil remediation research and offer valuable insights into the latest advancements in the field.。